W R I TI N G A N D S PE A K I N G :

L I N K I N G W O RD S A N D P H R A S E S

LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

The most important devices for creating textual cohesion are the so-called connecting
recursos
words and phrases, also known as linking words and phrases. They can be conjunctions
(coordinating, correlative or subordinating conjunctions), adverbs, prepositions and
prepositional phrases, and other idiomatic expressions.
Conjunctions are joiners, words that connect words, phrases or clauses (i.e. a group
of words containing a verb) in the same sentence.
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join words, phrases and clauses of the same
grammatical type (e.g. two words two adjectives, two noun phrases, two main clauses).
Correlative conjunctions always appear in pairs. We also use them to join words,
phrases and clauses of the same grammatical type.
Subordinating conjunctions are typically followed by a clause (i.e. a subject and a
verb with its complements). The majority of subordinating conjunctions introduce adverbial
clauses (i.e. clauses that function as adverbs indicating place, time, manner, etc.), but they
can also introduce noun clauses (i.e. clauses that function as nouns, for example, as
subject, object...), to infinitive clauses, and participle clauses.
Adverbs are words that add to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, another adverb,
or a whole sentence (these are called sentence adverbs). For example: 'He ran slowly', 'It's
very hot', 'Naturally, we want you to come.'
Prepositions are links which are followed by a noun phrase, including an object
pronoun, or an -ing clause. Some multi-word sequences function as prepositions. They
generally end in a simple preposition like as, to, with...: such as, according to, as well as,
in addition to...
All of these linkers can be divided according to the meaning they convey.
In the following words (F) means that the word is only used in formal contexts.
* Notice: When the words* below (with an asterisk) begin the sentence, there is
inversion:
We had hardly left the ground when the storm broke. Hardly had we left the ground
a penas
a penas
when the storm broke.
ADDITION: (UNIT 1)
For ordering points and adding information we can use:
Coordinating conjunction: and.
Correlative conjunctions: both and , not only* but (also) (there is inversion
when we begin a sentence with not only...).
He both
drinks and smokes.
ambas cosas, bebe y fuma
Harry not only missed
the train, but he also lost his case Not only did Harry miss the
perdi
no slo
sino tambin perdi su maleta
train, but (he) also lost his case.
Adverbs: additionally, also, as well, besides, first(ly)/ second(ly)/ etc, finally,
tambin adems de
adems
furthermore (F), last(ly), moreover (F), too.
adems
tambin
por ltimo, finalmente adems
The problem we were set was extremely difficult. Also/Besides, we didnt have much
colocados
time to do it.
Shes got three children to look after as well/too.
Prepositions: as well as, besides, in addition to
As well as offering an excellent way of improving your English, the automatic translator
adems de
is fun to use.
In addition to finding you a place to stay in London, our staff will meet you at the
airport. adems de encontrarte un lugar para estar en Londres, nuestro personal se encontrar contigo en el aeropuerto
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LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

Expressions (often followed by a comma):

above all, as we shall see later, as well
por encima de todo como veremos ms tarde
as como eso
as that, in
the first/second place (F), firstlo and
most importantly, primero
first of
all, for one
en primer/segundo lugar
primero y ms importante
de todo por un lado
/another
thing, in addition, in addition to this, more/most importantly, on top of that, to
por otro lado
adems de
ms / lo ms importante
por encima de eso
begin with, what is more adems de esto
para comenzar con lo que es ms
The problem we were set was extremely difficult. What is more, we didnt have much
time to do it.
Other useful structures: one of the main arguments in favour of / against ... is
en contra
that...; the first thing to be considered is..., the first thing that needs to be said is
lo primero que hay que decir es que
that..., the most important..., the next most important...
lo ms importante

lo siguiente ms importante

ALTERNATIVE:
Coordinating conjunctions: nor* (=negative alternative), or.
Wear your coat or you'll catch cold.
o
cogers un resfriado
Nor is used after a negative statement adding a further negative comment. The verb
after nor is positive. Here there is always inversion with nor because it begins the
(second) clause.
oracin
Margaret didnt talk about her mother, and nor did Rosa.
tampoco
Correlative conjunctions: either or, neither nor* (negative alternative).
Either
you
agree
with it
orests
youdedont
agree with it.
o bien
ests
de acuerdo
o no
acuerdo
There is inversion after nor when neithernor is used to link two clauses and we
mention the subject and verb in the second clause:
I neither
know nor care what's happened to him.
ni se ni me importa lo que le ocurri a l
I neither know nor do I care whats happened to him.
Adverbs: alternatively, neither/nor*:
You can eat in the hotel, or, alternatively, go to a restaurant.
bien, alternativamente
There is inversion when neither" and "nor" (adverbs) are used as at the beginning of a
short answer to show agreement with a previous negative sentence. They mean also not:
A: I cant swim. B: Neither/Nor can I.
Ni yo
There is also inversion when neither (adverb) is used as an alternative to the
coordinating conjunction nor:
Margaret didnt talk about her mother, and neither did Rosa.
no habla de su madre, y Rosa tampoco

COMPARISON:
Subordinating conjunctions: as, than.
as as: Helen comes to visit me as often as she can.
tan a menudo como puede
not so as/ not as as: He is not so/not tan
as handsome
as his brother is.
guapo, bien parecido como su hermano
comparative + than: Hes richer than he used to be.
ms rico que sola ser
Adverbs: similarly.
Prepositions: as, than, in comparison to/with.
He doesnt earn as much as me.
tanto como yo
She earns more than me.
mas que yo
In comparison to/with other recent video games, this one isn't very exciting.
en comparacin con otros video juegos recientes, este no es muy excitante
Expressions (often followed by a comma): in/on comparison, in the same
way/manner.
He was a loud friendly man. In/On
comparison, his brother was rather shy.
en comparacin
muy simptico
bastante tmido
She never cooks that dish in the same way.
de la misma manera

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LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

CONDITION: UNIT 7
Subordinating conjunctions: as/so
long as (=only if), assuming
(that), incluso
even siif, if,
slo si
suponiendo
imagine,
in
case,
on
(the)
condition
(that),
provided
(that)
(=only
if),
providing
(that)
siempre que
imagina
a condicin que
siempre que/y cuando
en caso
(=only if), suppose
(that), supposing (that), unless (=if not, except if), whether... or not
suponiendo que
a menos que/a no ser que
si ... o no
(for two or more alternatives)
Prisoners can become responsible citizens, as long as/ provided (that)/ providing (that)
siempre que nosotros se lo permitamos
we allow them to.
Assuming (that) you get a place at university, how are you going to finance your
suponiendo que consigas una plaza en la universidad, como financiars tus estudios?
studies?
Imagine/ Suppose/ Supposing the prisoners arent well enough to work, what happens
Suponiendo que los presos no trabajen lo suficientemente bien, que les ocurrir?
then?
We took an umbrella with us in case it rained.
por si llova
He was
released on bail on condition that he did not go within half a mile of his
fue puesto en libertad bajo fianza a condicin de que el no fuera a media milla de la direccin de su madre.
mother's address.
Whether
the governor is right or not, there are many who disagree.
Este de acuerdo el governador o no, hay muchos que no estn de acuerdo
Adverbs: otherwise: We must act now, otherwise the prison population will double.
si no
se duplicar
si no
Prepositions: but for, in case of.
de no haber sido por
en caso de
I might never have got to university but for you.
de no haber sido por ti
Take your umbrella in case of rain.
en caso de
Condition can also be expressed by means of a participle clause:
Poured very slowly across your forehead, the oils feels like a cow licking you. (=If ...)
escancia muy lentamente sobre tu frente, las esencias se sienten como una paliza

CONTRAST/CONCESSION: UNITS 3, 4
Coordinating conjunctions: pero
but,todava,
yet: an
Kelly was a convicted
criminal, but/yet many people admired him.
presidario
Subordinating conjunctions:
albeit (F), although, adespite
the fact that, even if/
pesar de el hecho que
aunque, si bien es cierto
aunque
a pesar de que
though, in spite of the fact that, not that, though, whereas, while, whilst (F)
mientras
mientras mientras
It was an amazing computer, albeit expensive.
increible
aunque
Albeit is only followed by a noun/adjective/adverb phrase, not by a clause!
Kelly loved her husband despite the fact that/ in spite of the fact that he drank too
a pesar de que
much.
Even though it was expensive, he bought the car.
a pesar de que era caro, el compr el coche
Sarah has a new boyfriend - not that I care (=I do not care).
que a mi no me gusta
Adverbs: conversely (F), however, instead, likewise (F), similarly, nevertheless (F),
a la inversa
igualmente
sin embargo en lugar de asmismo
sin embargo
nonetheless (F).
asmismo
sin embargo
American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.
a la inversa
This is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are others.
sin embargo
Geoff didn't study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.
en lugar de esto
The tomatoes were delicious. Likewise, the aubergine
was excellent.
berenjenas
asmismo
Prepositions: apart from, contrary to, despite, differ from, different from, in
a pesar de a diferencia de
diferente de
comparison
to, inencontrast
to/with, ina pesar
spitedeof, similar to
contraste con
en comparacin a
similar a
Despite
arriving early we still could not get tickets.
a pesar de llegar temprano todava no pudimos conseguir tickets
We went
out despite/ in spite of the rain.
salimos fuera a pesar de la lluvia
The stock
lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.
stoc perdio
por muestra, en contraste con el ao pasado, cuando gano 21 centimos
Expressions (often followed by a comma): at the same time, but more importantly,
al mismo tiempo
pero ms importante
in/by
contrast (F), despite this, in spite of this, indethe
same manner, indethe
same way, ...
la misma manera
en contraste
la misma manera
is virtually/almost/nearly
the
same
as...,
...
is
not
quite
as/so
expensive/dear/...
as...,
casi lo mismo como
es virtualmente casi
no es completamente tan caro/caro
on the contrary, (on the one hand) ... on theother hand,...
por el contrario
por otra parte
por una parte
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LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

The birth
rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage
tasa de nacimientos para mujeres mas mayores
los nacimientos en madres
por contra
mothers
have increased.
adolescentes se han incrementado
(On the one hand), if I do the exam in June, I'll be able to spend the summer with my
family. On the other hand, if I leave it until December, I'll have more time to prepare.
Other useful structures: ... and ... are different/ dissimilar in every way/respect.
son diferentes al respecto

CAUSE/REASON/ RESULT: UNIT 9

Coordinating conjunction (cause because):porque
for (F)
The days were short, for it was now December.
Coordinating conjunction (result therefore): (and) so.
por lo que
Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi.
por lo que
Subordinating conjunctions (cause): as, because, considering (that), due to the fact
(that), owing
to the fact (that), since.
debido a el hecho que
puesto que, porque
They received a high mark on their exam as/because/since they had studied hard.
nota alta
porque
I think we paid too much for the house, considering
that we needed to get the roof
tejado
teniendo en cuenta que
repaired.
The school's poor exam record is largely due to the fact/owing to the fact that it is
la trayectoria tan pobre en los exmenes del colegio es en buena parte debido al hecho de que est
underfunded.
infradotado
Subordinating conjunctions (result): so (that) (=for that reason), so*
(adjective/adverb) (that), such* (noun) (that).
It was hot so (that) I turned on the air-conditioning.
as que
Her business was so successful that Marie was able to retire at the age of 50.
tan exitoso
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
tan popular que
It's
such a tiny kitchen that I don't have to do much to keep it clean.
es una cocina tan diminuta
There is inversion with so...that and such...that after so and such, when they
are used at the beginning of a sentence:
Such
Tal is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
So successful was her business that Marie was able to retire at the age of 50.
Tanto
Sotan
badly
was he affected that heelhad
to be taught
to speak again.
tubo que ser
malamente
* enseado a hablar de nuevo
Adverbs: consequently (F),dehence
(F),
so
,
therefore
(F), thus (F).
ah, por consiguiente por consiguiente as, de este modo, por consiguiente
The president was ill and, therefore the meeting was cancelled.
por consiguiente
The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence factory location is an
De ah
important consideration.
Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it was almost impossible to prove
De este modo
him guilty.
era culpable
There is inversion with the adverb so (=also):
a) when it is used as at the beginning of a clause, pointing back to the content of the
preceding sentence. It means "also": We left early and so did my friends.
tambin
b) when so is used at the beginning of a short answer to show agreement. It means
"also": A: Im hungry. B: So am I.
yo tambin
Prepositions: as a result of, because of, considering, due to, of, owing to
considerando
por debido a
He had to retire as a result of/ because of ill health.
Considering the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.
Due to / Owing to bad weather yesterday I didnt go climbing.
He was enterrado
buried under
bricks, and died of head injuries.
bajo ladrillos, y muri por lesiones en la cabeza
Expressions (often followed by a comma): as a result, as a consequence, because of
this/that, for this/that reason
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LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

There are not many good basketball players in our country. Because of this, teams try
a causa de esto
to recruit
foreign players.
reclutan
Other useful structures: ... often causes/results in/leads to/ produces..., one
conduce a
effect/ consequence/result of ... is..., that is why, that means that..., the cause
of/reason for ... is... , the effect/ consequence/result of ... is...
Reason and result can also be expressed by means of a participle clause:
Caught locally every day, its always wonderfully fresh. (=Because it is caught...)
Feeling ashamed of what I had done, I rang. (=Because I felt...)
apenado, avergonzado
Not having understood the question, she failed to answer it correctly. (=Because...)
... acting as a vital means of communication, ... (= so it acts as a...)
MANNER: modales
Subordinating conjunctions: as, as if, as though.
They did as I had asked.
como
It sounds as if/ as though she has been really ill.
como si
In informal English like is used as a conjunction, instead of as or as if. These
uses are not considered correct in formal English.
Don't talk to me like you talk to a child. (like= as)
como
You
look like you've just got out of bed! (like= as if)
tu pareces como si hubieras salido de la cama
Adverbs: likewise, similarly...
Exercising strengthens our body; likewise, eating more vegetables improves our health.
asmismo
mejora
Prepositions: as, by, in ... way, like
They were all dressed as clowns.
como payayos
By not eating between meals, she managed to reach her target weight.
controlaba su peso
I smiled at her in a friendly way.
He has blue eyes like me.
Manner can also be expressed by means of a participle clause:
Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence.
The local residents often saw Ken wandering through the streets.
en sus correras
Reading books, he managed to improve his vocabulary.
consigue

PLACE:
Subordinating conjunctions: where, wherever.
donde en cualquier parte
Put the book where it was.
Children will play wherever they happen to be.
Adverbs: encima
above, below, beyond, elsewhere, here, nearby,
there
cercano
debajo por encima, ms alla en otra parte
Kerala has less crime and alcoholism than elsewhere in India.
Dan found work on one of the farms nearby.
Prepositions: above, at, behind,
in, in front of, on, opposite, under
detras de
de enfrente bajo
The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.
PURPOSE: UNIT 6
Subordinating conjunctions: in order that, in order to, in order not to, so (that), so
as to, so ... (adjective) as to, so as not to, so ... (adjective) as not to.
In order that/ So/ So that we can meet our deadlines, wed appreciate your ideas by
fechas, plazos
tomorrow.
The colours need tomas
be atrevidos
bolder in order to / so as to make the design stand out.
I agreed to her suggestion in order not to/ so as not to upset her.
Estoy de acuerdo con la sugerencia con el fin de que ella no se disguste.
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LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

I'm not soterco,

stubborn
as not to agree to that.
testaduro como para no estar de acuerdo con eso
Preposition: for (=for the purpose of).
Although some of them carried weapons,
the knives were just for show.
armas
Purpose can also be expressed by means of a to-infinitive clause:
We have done research to see which adverts are the most popular.
para ver que anuncios son ms populares

TIME: UNITS 2, 5
Subordinating conjunctions: after,cuando
as, astan
soon
as (=immediately after), before,
no
pronto como
antes
despus
sooner*
...
than
(=when
sth
happens
immediately
after
another),
since,
ever
since
no antes que
desde
desde que
(=continually since that time), the moment (=immediately after), till, until, when,
hasta
hasta
cuando
whenever, while, whilst (F)
siempre que mientras mientras
The earthquake occurred as / when/ while / whilst they were sleeping.
mientras
As soon as/
The moment I get home, Im
going straight to bed.
tan pronto como llegu a casa,
me fui directamente a la cama
Ever since he came to the school, hes been nothing but trouble.
With no sooner ... than there is inversion when we begin a sentence with no
sooner: Tim had no sooner left, than the phone rang. No sooner had Tim left, than the
Antes que saliera son el telfono
phone rang.
Adverbs: after (=later than someone or something else), afterward(s)
(=later),
despus
ms
despus
before,
beforehand,
earlier, eventually (=finally, after a long time or a lot of things),
antes
antes
ms temprano finalmente
finally, first, primeramente
firstly, formerly
(=previously),casi
hardly*
(=when sth has just begun/happened),
anteriormente
nunca, apenas
finalmente primero
initially, immediately, instantly, lastly (=finally),ultimamente
lately (=recently), later, never*, now,
ahora
iniciamente inmediatamente
finalmente
al instante
mas tarde nunca
meanwhile,
next,
nowadays,
occasionally,
originally,
previously,
rarely*,
second,
ocasionalmente
pocas veces
antes
mientras tanto
originalmente
el siguiente actualmente
secondly, seldom*,
simultaneously,
still, subsequently, then, today, yesterday... segundo
simultaneamente
todava
casi
nunca
posteriormente
entonces
en segundo lugar
hoy
ayer
I could come the week
after.
siguiente
We had tea, and afterwards we sat in the garden for a while. Ojo! actually = en realidad
despues
When you give a speech, it's natural to feel nervous beforehand.
discurso
antes
Eventually, we decided we would have toque
split
up.
separarnos
finalmente
The casita
cottage was first/originally a post office. (=to talk about sth as it was in the past)
Firstly, I would like to say that we have raised over 200 pounds. Secondly,...
recaudado por encima
This elegant hotel was formerly a castle.
anteriormente
I immediately went up to her and introduced
myself.
me present
Lately, in the last month or so, we have begun seeing each other again.
ultimamente
nos hemos comenzado a ver de nuevo
The flight will be announced soon. Meanwhile, please remain seated.
mientras tanto
Previously, Id never had a long-term
relationship.
a largo plazo
antes
There is inversion with the negative adverbs hardly, never, rarely, seldom when we
begin a sentence with these adverbs:
Hardly
had I gone onto the motorway when I saw two police cars following me.
Apenas
Never have I seen anything quite sotan
breathtaking.
impresionante
Rarely
do
we
visit
that
part
of
town.
Seldom have I watched a better match.
pocas veces
casi nunca he visto un partido mejor
Prepositions: after, at, before, during, for, in, on, previous to, prior to, since,
subsequent to, till, until, up until (=up to the time that)...
After
taking his masters degree, he applied for a job.
Despus
Before last week, Id only ever seen her in photographs.
Antes de la ltima semana, yo slo la haba visto en fotografas
Prior
to meeting Beln, Id never met anyone from the north of Spain.
Previo al encuentro con Beln, yo nunca haba conocido a nadie del norte de Espaa
Shes been off work since Tuesday.
ha estado de baja desde el Jueves
Subsequent to our conversation of yesterday, I enclose the necessary forms for your
Con posterioridad a nuestra conversacin de ayer, yo adjunt los formularios necesarios para tu informacin
enquiry.
Up until a month ago, we hadnt seen
each other.
Hace ms de un mes, que nosotros no nos habamos visto.
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LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

Expressions (often followed by a comma): despus

after dethat,
at first, at last, at
once
en seguida
eso al principio
al final
(=instantly/at the same time), at
present (F), at/in the beginning, at the end (=at the last
en este momento
al comienzo
al final
point), atenthe
moment,
at
the
same
time,
before
that/then/etc, por
by entonces/por
then/thatese
time,
from
este momento
al mismo tiempo
tiempo
antes que / entonces
then on (=ever since), in
the end (=finally,=eventually, after a long time or a lot of things),
desde entonces
al final
despus de un largo tiempo o un montn de cosas
in the meantime, later
on,
so far
mas tarde tan lejos
mientras tanto
They all started talking at once.
en seguida
At the end, everyone
applauded.
What did you decide in the end?
todo
el
mundo
aplaudi
Al final
al final
Time can also be expressed by means of a participle clause:
Seen from the outside, the building looks a mess, but it is lovely inside. (=When it is
desordenada, pero es preciosa por dentro
vista desde fuera
seen)
Gliding silently along a canoe, you get to see a rural Kerala. (=While you glide...)
Having finished cleaning up, she started cooking. (=After she finished...)
Habiendo acabado de limpiar, comenz a cocinar

o We can also use linking words for the following linguistic functions:
GIVING EXAMPLES:
Adverbs: especially (=particularly),anamely
(F), notably (=particularly), particularly
saber, concretamente
I never liked long walks, especially/particularly in winter.
I learned an important lesson when I lost my job, namely that nothing is a hundred
percent guaranteed.
Some early doctors, notably Hippocrates, thought that diet was important.
Preposition: like.particularmente
Try
to avoid fatty
foods like cakes and biscuits.
Intenta evitar
comidas grasas como pasteles y galletas
Expressions (often followed by a comma): among other things, as an illustration, for
entre otras cosas
como un ejemplo
example,
for
instance, i.e., such as
por ejemplo
por ejemplo esto es tales como
At the meeting they discussed, among other things, recent events in Japan.
The Bible is a text that has been translated more than any other. As an
illustration,
the
Como
ejemplo
Bible makes apparent both the drive to translate and the drive to learn original language.
In the electronics industry, for instance/ for example, 5000 jobs are being lost.
The film is only open to adults, i.e. people over 18.
Cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are still popular.
Los personajes de dibujos animados
Other useful structures: ... shows/exemplifies/illustrates this, the following are
examples/cases/ instances of
REFORMULATING, CLARIFYING:
Adverb: actually
(=used to add new information to what you have just said, to give
en realidad
your opinion, or to start a new conversation).
I've known Barbara for years. Since we were babies, actually.
en realidad
Actually, on second thoughts, I don't think I want to go
out tonight.
en realidad
Expressions (often followed by a comma): in fact (=to introduce sth that contradicts
de hecho
or reinforces the previous statement), in other words
en otras palabras
I know the lamayor
really well. In fact, I had dinner with her last week.
alcaldesa
I'm afraid we're going to let you go. In other words, you've lost your job.
Other useful structures: that is (to say), to be more specific
One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider.
configuracin de la pantalla

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esto es, hacerla mas ancha

W R I TI N G A N D S PE A K I N G :
L I N K I N G W O RD S A N D P H R A S E S

LEVEL: ADVANCED 2

CHANGING SUBJECT, REFERRING TO SUBJECT:

Adverbs:deanyhow,
anyway.
todas formas, de todos modos
This idea probably won't work, but let's try it anyway/ anyhow.
pero vamos a intentarlo de todas formas
no funcionar
Prepositions: as
for, as regards (F) (=in connection with), regarding/respecting (F)
en cuanto a, respecto a
(=in connection with), in/ with reference/regard to (F) (= in connection with), with respect
to/ in respect of (F) (=in connection with)
Jackie's already left and, as
for me, I'm going at the end of the month.
en cuanto a mi,
There is no problem as regards the financial
arrangements.
planes financieros
respecto a
Regarding/Respecting your recent investigacin
inquiry, I have enclosed a copy of our new brochure.
folleto
I am writing to you with reference/regard to/ in reference/regard to your letter of 15
en referencia
March.
Other useful structures: as far as is concerned, as far as Im concerned.
She can come whenever she likes, as far as I'm concerned.
por lo que a m concierne

COMMENT ADVERBIALS: UNIT 8

They are used to signal the writer/speakers attitude to what s/he is saying.
Adverbs: amazingly, apparently,
certainly, clearly, definitely, fortunately, frankly,
por supuesto claramente definitivamente afortunadamente francamente=
increiblemente por lo visto
(quite)sinceramente
honestly, obviously,
regrettably, surely, undoubtedly, unfortunately
sinceramente
obviamente lamentablemente seguramente indudablemente lamentablemente
Amazingly, Tom resigned.
Apparently,
Sys
got
engaged.
dimiti
por lo visto
Clearly, he didnt understand.
Fortunately, he wasnt hurt.
herido
Frankly, I wish I didnt have a TV.
Quite honestly, I think hes wrong.
Obviously, she was guilty.
Surely, you could leave.
culpable
Preposition: according
to: According to Jo, Pams ill.
segn
Expressions (often followed by a comma): in fact (=to introduce sth that contradicts
or reinforces the previous statement), in my view, to be honest...
desde mi punto de vista para ser honesto
He doesnt work. In fact, he never has.
To be honest, I think hes wrong.
CONCLUDING, SUMMARISING, GENERALISING:
Adverbs: altogether (=all in all), basically/
essentially (=fundamentally), generally
basicamente / esencialmente
totalmente
Lots of sunshine, wonderful food, and amazing nightlife - altogether a great vacation!
En total unas grandes vaciones
Basically/Essentially, he hadn't changed at all.
It was generally a positive conversation.
Expressions (often followed by a comma): all in all (=considering all the different
parts of the situation), generally speaking (=in most situations), in brief (=in a few words),
in conclusion, in general, in other words, inen short,
in summary, on average, on the
resumen
en promedio
whole (=generally), to conclude, to summarise, to sum up
All in all, it had been one of the most miserable days of Henry's life.
Generally speaking, the more expensive the stereo, the better it is.
We should, in brief, invest heavily in digital systems.
en resumen
On average, men still earn more than women.
On the whole, I thought the film was pretty good.
To summarise, I believe that animals have the right to a happy life.
Other useful structures: given this, it can/ may be concluded...; on this basis, it
can/may be deduced/inferred that...; this means that

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