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In the eyes of most Americans today, the power of the federal government,
compared with that of state governments, seems
a Weak or unimportant.
b Equally shared.
c Vastly powerful.
d Weak on foreign matters, strong on domestic matters.
Which of the following allows national governments the right to alter or even
abolish local government?
a A constitutional government
b Federalism
c A unitary system
d Socialism
Ukraine, formerly one of the Soviet republics, had its own local unit of
government, yet the Soviet Union was not considered a federal system. This
is because, in the former Soviet Union,
a Local governments were not independent of the central government.
b Local government officials were not elected democratically.
c The central government did not have a constitution.
d Central government officials were appointed by local governments.
One of the things that has kept our local governments independent of the
national government is
a Article X of the U.S. Constitution.
b The power of free elections.
c The commitment of Americans to the ideal of local government.
d The fact that the local tax structure requires local administration.
b
c
d
c
d
b
c
d
28 Of
a
b
c
d
Of an oversight.
Commerce was a new phenomenon.
Slavery was involved.
all the Founders, Alexander Hamilton was the most consistent supporter of
States rights.
Enlarging the electorate.
A bill of rights.
A strong federal government.
29 Among the Founders, the most prominent and consistent defender of the
power of the federal government was
a Thomas Jefferson.
b Alexander Hamilton.
c James Madison.
d George Washington.
30 Todays federalist system in the United States, in which the power of the
central government is stronger than ever before, would be most likely to
please
a Thomas Jefferson.
b James Madison.
c Alexander Hamilton.
d Patrick Henry.
31 If Alexander Hamilton were to participate in todays debate about
decentralizing responsibilities from the federal to the state governments, he
would probably be
a Opposed.
b Undecided.
c In favor.
d Uncomprehending.
32 Applying the principles of Thomas Jefferson to current political issues would
probably dispose one to
a Favor the decentralization of government power.
b Oppose the decentralization of government power.
c Favor seven-year terms for presidents.
d Oppose seven-year terms for presidents.
33 The Civil War settled one part of the issue of national supremacy versus
states rights, namely, that
a State governments are supreme over the national government.
b The national government derives its sovereignty from the states.
c The national government derives its sovereignty from the people.
d The national government derives its sovereignty from both the people and
the states.
34 John Marshall was the first chief justice to greatly enlarge the powers of the
a States.
b
c
d
National government.
Congress.
President.
35 The early chief justice whose decisions generally gave the broadest possible
sweep to federal powers was
a Roger Taney.
b Frederick Vinson.
c John Marshall.
d Alexander Hamilton.
36 In his interpretation of national and state-level powers, John Marshall was
most akin to
a Thomas Jefferson.
b Alexander Hamilton.
c Patrick Henry.
d James Madison.
37 The McCulloch v. Maryland decision established
a Judicial review by the Supreme Court.
b State sovereignty in interstate commerce.
c National government supremacy over the states.
d The legality of the slave trade.
38 The Supreme Court case that established national supremacy was
a McCulloch v. Maryland.
b Marbury v. Madison.
c United States v. Virginia.
d Brown v. Maryland.
39 Any state could legally have taxed the national bank into bankruptcy if the
Supreme Court had reversed itself in
a Marbury v. Madison.
b McCulloch v. Maryland.
c Roe v. Wade.
d Miranda v. Missouri.
40 In McCulloch v. Maryland, if the Supreme Court reached the opposite
conclusion on the right of Congress to charter a bank, the bank would have
been
a Taken over by the state of Maryland.
b Declared illegal.
c Taken over by the federal government.
d Declared legal.
41 An important outcome of Marshalls ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
was to
a Place limits on the constitutional powers granted to Congress by refusing
McCullochs appeal.
b
c
d
42 During the battle over slavery, the case for nullification was forcefully
presented by
a William Jennings Randolph.
b Robert E. Lee.
c William Graham Sumner.
d John C. Calhoun.
43 The doctrine of states rights espoused by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
is best known as
a Subordination.
b Reification.
c Nullification.
d Interposition.
44 States cannot declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. In other words,
states do not have the right of
a Nullification.
b Local mandate.
c Dual federalism.
d Habeas corpus.
45 The doctrine of nullification refers to
a The power of Congress to veto state laws that violate the U.S.
Constitution.
b The claimed authority of the states to declare a federal law void for
violating the U.S. Constitution.
c The power of the president to veto state laws for violating the U.S.
Constitution.
d The authority of the president to dissolve Congress and to call for new
elections.
46 The doctrine of dual federalism grew out of a protected debate on the subject
of
a Commerce.
b Banking.
c Manufacturing.
d Welfare.
47 One can argue that the concept of dual federalism was doomed from the
beginning because
a Nature abhors a vacuum.
b Birds of a feather flock together.
c Likes attract and opposites repel.
Logrolling
55 The tidelands oil reserves case was an example of the national governments
deciding that
a State governments were asserting too much independence.
b Local governments needed help that state governments could not provide.
c It was better to cede to the states a power that legally belonged to
Washington.
d Too many conditions had been attached to a well-meant program of aid.
56 According to the text, the grant-in-aid system grew rapidly because it helped
state and local officials resolve what dilemma?
a How to get federal money into state hands without violating the U.S.
Constitution
b How to limit federal taxation power without reducing aid to states
c How to increase federal taxation power without violating the U.S.
Constitution
d How to shift financial control of state programs to the federal government
without violating states rights
57 All of the following are reasons why grant-in-aid systems grew rapidly
throughout the twentieth century except
a The federal government had the money to spend.
b The federal government could print money when it needed it.
c The federal government had eliminated the federal income tax.
d Politically, it was wise for states to get their money from the federal
government rather than from their own taxes.
58 During the 1960s, the nature of federal grants began to change because
a Congress vastly slowed the flow of money to the states.
b States began refusing the grants due to the number of strings attached.
c The federal government began devising grant programs.
d The federal government lost its ability to finance grants due to the federal
budget deficit.
59 Which of the following was not one of the reasons federal grants were
attractive to state officials?
a Federal government budget surpluses
b Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment
c The potency of the federal income tax
d The appearance of free money for the states
60 The first form of grant-in-aid to the states made by the federal government to
the state governments was that of
a Cash grants-in-aid.
b Block grants.
c Land grants.
d Categorical grants.
the 1960s and 1970s, federal grants to states were increasingly based on
The demands of the individual states.
What state officials perceived to be important state needs.
The power of organized interest groups.
What federal officials perceived to be national needs.
64 A major shift in the focus of federal grant-in-aid programs took place in the
1960s. This shift was toward
a Meeting the demands of individual states and cities.
b Requiring states to fund national programs.
c Meeting national needs such as reducing pollution.
d Requiring states to share their revenues with other states.
65 Between 1960 and 1995, federal grants for transportation and highways, as a
proportion of all federal grants,
a Increased more than any other grant category.
b Gradually became the largest grant category.
c Decreased more than any other grant category.
d Held steady from year to year.
66 Between 1960 and 1995, the category of federal grants that decreased most
as a percentage of all grants was
a Income authority.
b Health.
c Education and training.
d Transportation and highways.
67 The term intergovernmental lobby is used in the text to refer to lobbying
activities by
a State and local officials at the national government.
b One branch of the national government at another branch.
c Foreign governments in Washington, D.C.
d Federal agencies at statehouses and city halls.
68 An example of an intergovernmental lobby would be a lobby comprising
a
b
c
d
69 A
a
b
c
d
b
c
d
76 Between 1993 and 1995, the entire growth in federal grants to state and local
governments was in
a Categorical grants.
b Expansion of old block grants.
c Revenue sharing.
d New block grants.
77 Political maneuvering and lobbying by local officials will probably be greatest
when what type of federal money is involved?
a Revenue sharing
b A block grant
c A mandated grant
d A categorical grant
78 Localities receiving funds from general revenue sharing include
a Poverty-stricken ones such as Paw Paw, West Virginia.
b Affluent ones such as Beverly Hills, California.
c Both of the above.
d Neither of the above.
79 Categorical grants are most likely to be a matter of life or death for
a Agencies that are funded by them.
b Cities in the Northeast.
c The middle class.
d Minor political parties.
80 What type of federal funds are most likely to be critical for an agency that
depends on the federal government for its existence?
a Categorical grants
b Block grants
c Fund grants
d Revenue-sharing programs
81 Block grants allocated in large chunks to just a few programs are most likely
to result in
a A presidential veto.
b Severe opposition from interest groups.
c Good prospects for surviving cutbacks.
d Poor prospects for surviving cutbacks.
82 If you were trying to allocate a block grant to increase its political
survivability, you would be wise to
a Keep all allocations out of the public sphere.
b
c
d
c
d
String-attached edict.
Court decision.
the total building costs. How might such a requirement prevent a needed
building from being constructed?
a If it is tied to a categorical grant
b If it makes the total costs prohibitively high
c If it is tied to nondiscriminatory hiring
d If the prevailing wage exceeds federal guidelines
97 A
a
b
c
d
103
Why do members of Congress who represent the interests of
localities to the federal government pass laws that create so many
problems for the mayors and governors of these localities?
a Because members of Congress often represent different constituencies
from the same localities
b Because the power of political parties to influence the votes of party
members is so great
c Because mayors and governors frequently resent federal interference in
local affairs
d Because most members of Congress regard their role as that of
representing the national government to localities
ANSWERS
1) C
2) A
3) D
4) B
5) B
6) C
7) B
8) A
9) C
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C
C
D
C
A
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A
C
D
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B
C
A
A
A
C
C
C
A
D
B
C
A
A
C
B
C
B
C
A
B
B
D
D
C
A
B
A
D
B
A
A
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B
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C
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B
A
D
C
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C
D
A
A
C
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B
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D
D
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C
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B
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B
D
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C
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B
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B
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B
C
A