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C.J.S., Divorce \u167\'3f 1011
}}}
\par
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Any time a marriage involving minor
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children
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is dissolved, the courts are typically faced with the very difficult dilemma of
working out suitable visitation arrangements for the noncustodial or non-physic
al custodial parent. Though many parties are not aware of the tremendous need fo
r both parents to maintain a relationship with their minor
}
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children
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}
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, the courts have continually and strongly reinforced this important concept. Ju
st as many parents use custody as a pawn in family law cases, many also use visi
tation as a weapon. Unfortunately, this tactic creates tremendous problems for t
he
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children
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, both parents, counsel, the courts, and society in general. Usually these effor
ts at wrongfully restricting visitation are extremely counterproductive.
\par
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If a parent wants to destroy his or her own relationship with his or her minor
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children
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, one way to do that is to wrongfully interfere with the custody and visitation
rights of the other parent. Unfortunately, many parties involved in dissolution
of marriage proceedings do not understand this very basic concept.
\par
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}
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Historically, the
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Missouri
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}
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Legislature and the courts have been most vigorous in pursuing
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child
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}
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custody on behalf of custodial parents. Recently, the legislature and the court
s have moved toward enforcing noncustodial parents\rquote visitation privileges
. Obviously, it is equally important that
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child
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}
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support be paid timely, and that minor
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children
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have the best possible relationship with both parents.
\par
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}
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The laws of
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Missouri
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}
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provide that \u8220\'3fa parent not granted custody of the
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child
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}
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is entitled to reasonable visitation rights unless the court finds, after a hea
ring, that visitation would endanger the
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child\rquote s
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}
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physical health or impair his emotional development.\u8221\'3f
}
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Based on this legislative statement,
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Missouri
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}
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courts have repeatedly encouraged the continued interest, love, and affection o
f divorced parents for their
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children
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}
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, and strive to afford maturing
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children
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an opportunity for close contact with both parents.
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The courts have an affirmative duty to avoid an indefinite approach to visitatio

n. It is not enough that the time and location of the visitation be set by the
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children
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; this matter should be determined by the parents through a parenting plan fixed
by the court.
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It is not that the
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children\rquote s
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}
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views are irrelevant, but that a set schedule should be fixed. If the custodial
parent opposes the noncustodial parent\rquote s visitation rights, the custodia
l parent has the burden of proving that the visitation does not serve the
}
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child\rquote s
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best interest.
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4
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As in custody cases, the standard governing the court in awarding visitation ri
ghts is the best interest of the
}

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children
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}
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.
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\par
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}
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In response to increasing public concern over
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domestic
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}
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}
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violence
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}
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, the
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Missouri
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}
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General Assembly now requires specific findings of fact where custody is awarde
d to an abusive parent.
}

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The need for specific findings arises when the court finds a \u8220\'3fpattern\
u8221\'3f of
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domestic
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}
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}
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violence
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}
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.
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Should the court then grant custody to the abusive parent, the court is require
d to make specific findings of fact and conclusions of law.
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Custody and visitation must be ordered in a way that will protect not only the
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child
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}
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but also the adult victim of abuse.
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\par
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}
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One is presently left to speculate as to what evidence is necessary to establish
a pattern of abuse. Practically speaking, a string of arrests for violation of
municipal ordinances against
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domestic
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}
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}
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violence
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}
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would probably be a good place to start. In addition, the receipt of one or mor
e protective orders by a victim would also be useful in establishing such a patt
ern. Any photographs of bruises or wounds inflicted during a violent episode wou
ld substantiate the claim of abuse. Medical evidence of any necessary treatment
should, of course, be used. Absent this type of documentation, the testimony of
friends and relatives of the victim would be the primary, and perhaps the only,
source of evidence for establishing a pattern.
\par
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}

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Westlaw. \u169\'3f 2013 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.
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Of The
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Missouri
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Bar.
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Of The
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Bar.
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