COIN box BASED MOBILE

CHARGing method

COIN BASED MOBILE CHARGER

With mobile phones becoming the major source of

business/personal communication, the mobile phone
business is currently worth billion of dollars, and supports
millions of phones. The need to provide a public charging
service is essential. Many critics argued that a public
mobile phone charging service is not a lucrative business
because most users can charge their phones at home, in
their office or in their cars. STAYTALKING Coin Operated
Mobile Phone Charger is a new business milestone
because many are attending business conventions and
forgetting their charger at home or in hotel rooms.
Students and many that use the public transportation
that don't know that their level of their battery is low are
prospective customers for coin operated mobile phone
charger service. Recommended locations include: Hotels,
conference centers, exhibition halls, serviced offices,
exchange halls, motels, leisure centers, health clubs,

training centers, golf clubs, retail outlets, shopping malls,

Internet cafes, universities, colleges, hall of residence,
airports, train terminals, etc., so that the mobile phone
users can reactivate a low or dead battery by simply
plugging in and charging for as low as one dollar. Coin
Operated Mobile Phone Charger benefits to the users
include: -To reactivate a low or dead battery -To retrieve
vital text or voice mail -No need to carry around a charger
-Fast micro pulse charge in 10 minutes -Make and receive
calls while charging -Never be without a charged phone
again The key features of the STAYTALKING Charger
includes: -Simple to operate, plug and charge -Supports
95% of all mobile phones -Stylish design and eye
catching signage -Select the charging lead for your make
of phone -Allows up to 10 users to recharge their mobile
phones simultaneously -Unique service to customers
-Generate revenue from day one. Public Coin Operated
Mobile Phone Chargers are now available. To become a
provider in your area or for more information.

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The objective of this project is inserting the
coin using charge for your mobile phone in public places.
Scope:
This project is very useful to people who are all
using mobile phone without charging condition in pubic
places.
Explanation:
In this project, who are all using mobile phones in
outside of home are office without charging condition.
The coin based mobile phone charger is very useful to
that person for using coin to charge for that mobile. The

IR (infrared) transmitter is used to transmit IR signal in

the transmitter side. The IR receiver is used to receive the
IR signal in the receiver side. Between the IR transmitter
and receiver, insert a coin to change the polarity of pulse
in SCU input.
The SCU is used to converting low pulse to high
pulse and that pulse is inverted in inverter. The 555 IC is
act as a timer to produces high pulse for particular time
period. Again the SCU is used to converting low pulse to
high pulse and this output is give to input of driver circuit.
Driver circuit is used for provide the sufficient input
voltage of relay. The relay will on to activate the 230v
charger, we will use charger to charge for our mobile
phone.

Advantages:

The main merits of this is

i.

Simple and hand efficient.

ii.

Less expensive.

iii.

Reduced man power.

iv.

Low power consumption.

Application:

The coin based mobile phone charger is very useful to

public for using coin to charge for the mobile phone in
any places.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

1.IR SENSOR
A InfraRed sensor (IR sensor) is an electronic device that measures
infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view.Apparent
motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature, such
as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another

temperature, such as a wall.All objects emit what is known as black

body radiation. It is usually infrared radiation that is invisible to the
human eye but can be detected by electronic devices designed for such a
purpose. Infra meaning below our ability to detect it visually, and
Red because this color represents the lowest energy level that our eyes
can sense before it becomes invisible. Thus, infrared means below the
energy level of the color red, and applies to many sources of invisible
energy.
Infrared transmitter is one type of LED which emits
infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly
IR Receiver is used to receive the IR rays transmitted by
the IR transmitter. One important point is both IR
transmitter and receiver should be placed straight line to
each

other.The

transmitter

transmitted

whenever

the

signal
signal

is
is

given
high,

to

IR

the

IR

transmitter LED is conducting it passes the IR rays to the

receiver.When receiver receives the signal from the
transmitter it resistance value is low.it resistance value
become high when the signal was cut. By this sensor
sense the value.

2.SCU
Signal conditioning unit

The signal conditioning unit accepts input signals from

the analog sensors and gives a conditioned output of 05V DC corresponding to the entire range of each
parameter.

This unit also accepts the digital sensor

inputs and gives outputs in 10 bit binary with a positive

logic level of +5V. The calibration voltages* (0, 2.5 and
5V) and the health bits are also generated in this unit.

Microcontrollers are widely used for control in power

electronics. They provide real time control by processing
analog signals obtained from the system. A suitable
isolation interface needs to be designed for interaction
between the control circuit and high voltage hardware. A
signal

conditioning

unit

which

provides

necessary

interface between a high power grid inverter and a low

voltage controller unit.

3.TIMER 555
The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip)
implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator
applications. The IC was designed by Hans R. Camenzind
in 1970 and brought to market in 1971 by Signetics (later
acquired by Philips). The original name was the SE555
(metal can)/NE555 (plastic DIP) and the part was
described as "The IC Time Machine".[1] It has been
claimed that the 555 gets its name from the three 5 k
resistors used in typical early implementations,[2] but

Hans Camenzind has stated that the number was

arbitrary.[3] The part is still in wide use, thanks to its ease
of use, low price and good stability. As of 2003, it is
estimated that 1 billion units are manufactured every
year.[3] Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555
package includes over 20 transistors, 2 diodes and 15
resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini dualin-line package (DIP-8).[4] Variants available include the
556 (a 14-pin DIP combining two 555s on one chip), and
the 558 (a 16-pin DIP combining four slightly modified
555s with DIS & THR connected internally, and TR falling
edge sensitive instead of level sensitive).Ultra-low power
versions of the 555 are also available, such as the 7555
and TLC555.[5] The 7555 requires slightly different wiring
using fewer external components and less power.

The 555 has three operating modes:

Monostable mode: in this mode, the 555 functions as
a "one-shot". Applications include timers, missing
pulse detection, bouncefree switches, touch

switches, frequency divider, capacitance

measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc
Astable - free running mode: the 555 can operate as
an oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp flashers,
pulse generation, logic clocks, tone generation,
security alarms, pulse position modulation, etc.
Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: the 555 can
operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected
and no capacitor is used. Uses include bouncefree
latched switches, etc.

4.RELAY

A RELAY IS AN ELECTRICALLY
OPERATED SWITCH.

Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching

mechanism, but other operating principles are also used.
Relays find applications where it is necessary to control a
circuit by a low-power signal, or where several circuits
must be controlled by one signal.
The first relays were used in long distance telegraph
circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit
and re-transmitting it to another. Relays found extensive
use in telephone exchanges and early computers to
perform logical operations. A type of relay that can
handle the high power required to directly drive an
electric motor is called a contactor.
Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving
parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform
switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics
and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to
protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in
modern electric power systems these functions are
performed by digital instruments still called "protection
relays".

5MOBILE CHARGER

A battery charger is a device used to put energy into a secondary cell or

(rechargeable) battery by forcing an electric current through it.
The charge current depends upon the technology and capacity of the
battery being charged. For example, the current that should be applied to
recharge a 12 V car battery will be very different from the current for a
mobile phone battery.

OVER ALL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. POWER SUPPLY
Block diagram
The ac voltage, typically 220V rms, is connected to a
transformer, which steps that ac voltage down to the
level of the desired dc output. A diode rectifier then
provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially
filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce a dc

voltage. This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple

or ac voltage variation.
A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also
remains the same dc value even if the input dc voltage
varies, or the load connected to the output dc voltage
changes. This voltage regulation is usually obtained using
one of the popular voltage regulator IC units.

TRANSFORMER

RECTIFIER

FILTER

IC REGULATOR

LOAD

Block diagram (Power supply)

Working principle
Transformer
The potential transformer will step down the power
supply voltage (0-230V) to (0-6V) level. Then the

secondary of the potential transformer will be connected

to the precision rectifier, which is constructed with the
help of opamp. The advantages of using precision
rectifier are it will give peak voltage output as DC, rest of
the circuits will give only RMS output.

Bridge rectifier
When four diodes are connected as shown in figure,
the circuit is called as bridge rectifier. The input to the
circuit is applied to the diagonally opposite corners of the
network, and the output is taken from the remaining two
corners.
Let us assume that the transformer is working
properly and there is a positive potential, at point A and a
negative potential at point B. the positive potential at
point A will forward bias D3 and reverse bias D4.
The negative potential at point B will forward bias D1
and reverse D2. At this time D3 and D1 are forward
biased and will allow current flow to pass through them;
D4 and D2 are reverse biased and will block current flow.

The path for current flow is from point B through D1,

up through RL, through D3, through the secondary of the
transformer back to point B. this path is indicated by the
solid arrows. Waveforms (1) and (2) can be observed
across D1 and D3.
One-half cycle later the polarity across the secondary
of the transformer reverse, forward biasing D2 and D4
and reverse biasing D1 and D3. Current flow will now be
from point A through D4, up through RL, through D2,
through the secondary of T1, and back to point A. This
path is indicated by the broken arrows. Waveforms (3)
and (4) can be observed across D2 and D4. The current
flow through RL is always in the same direction. In flowing
through RL this current develops a voltage corresponding
to that shown waveform (5). Since current flows through
the load (RL) during both half cycles of the applied
voltage, this bridge rectifier is a full-wave rectifier.
One advantage of a bridge rectifier over a conventional full-wave
rectifier is that with a given transformer the bridge rectifier produces a
voltage output that is nearly twice that of the conventional full-wave
circuit.

This may be shown by assigning values to some of the components

shown in views A and B. assume that the same transformer is used in
both circuits. The peak voltage developed between points X and y is
1000 volts in both circuits. In the conventional full-wave circuit shown
in view A, the peak voltage from the center tap to either X or Y is 500
volts. Since only one diode can conduct at any instant, the maximum
voltage that can be rectified at any instant is 500 volts.
The maximum voltage that appears across the load resistor is
nearly-but never exceeds-500 v0lts, as result of the small voltage drop
across the diode. In the bridge rectifier shown in view B, the maximum
voltage that can be rectified is the full secondary voltage, which is 1000
volts. Therefore, the peak output voltage across the load resistor is
nearly 1000 volts. With both circuits using the same transformer, the
bridge rectifier circuit produces a higher output voltage than the
conventional full-wave rectifier circuit.

IC voltage regulators
Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely
used ICs. Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for
reference source, comparator amplifier, control device,
and overload protection all in a single IC. IC units provide
regulation of either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed

negative voltage, or an adjustably set voltage. The

regulators can be selected for operation with load
currents from hundreds of milli amperes to tens of
amperes, corresponding to power ratings from milli watts
to tens of watts.

Circuit diagram (Power supply)

A fixed three-terminal voltage regulator has an

unregulated dc input voltage, Vi, applied to one input
terminal, a regulated dc output voltage, Vo, from a
second terminal, with the third terminal connected to
ground.
The series 78 regulators provide fixed positive
regulated voltages from 5 to 24 volts. Similarly, the series
79 regulators provide fixed negative regulated voltages
from 5 to 24 volts.
For ICs, microcontroller, LCD --------- 5 volts
For alarm circuit, op-amp, relay circuits ---------- 12
volts

2.IR SENSING CIRCUIT

Infrared transmitter is one type of LED which emits

infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly
IR Receiver is used to receive the IR rays transmitted by
the IR transmitter. One important point is both IR

transmitter and receiver should be placed straight line to

each other.
The transmitted signal is given to IR transmitter
whenever the signal is high, the IR transmitter LED is
conducting it passes the IR rays to the receiver. The IR
receiver is connected with comparator. The comparator is
constructed with LM 358 operational amplifier. In the
comparator circuit the reference voltage is given to
inverting input terminal. The non inverting input terminal
is connected IR receiver. When interrupt the IR rays
between the IR transmitter and receiver, the IR receiver is
not conducting. So the comparator non inverting input
terminal voltage is higher then inverting input. Now the
comparator output is in the range of +5V. This voltage is
given to microcontroller or PC and led so led will glow.
When IR transmitter passes the rays to receiver, the
IR receiver is conducting due to that non inverting input
voltage is lower than inverting input. Now the comparator
output is GND so the output is given to microcontroller
or PC. This circuit is mainly used to for counting
application, intruder detector etc.

3.TIMER 555
Monostable means that once the circuit is switched on it will time
once and then stop. In order to start it again it must be switched on

manually a second time.

In the circuit drawn opposite, the 555 timer is set to turn on the buzzer
when the push switch is pressed; the buzzer sounds for approximately 8
seconds. This is a monostable circuit as it works only once. The switch
must be pressed again for the buzzer to sound again.

On the diagram above if the components 'boxed in' by the dotted line are
removed and the alternative components (shown on the right) are added
- the 555 timer circuit can be used to energise a relay.

The timer can now be used to trigger a relay which then allows another
circuit to work. In this case the timer holds the relay closed for a preset
amount of time allowing the second circuit to work and then switches
the relay open, which stops the secondary circuit.

Monostable multivibrator often called a one shot

multivibrator is a pulse generating circuit in which the
duration of this pulse is determined by the RC network
connected externally to the 555 timer. In a stable or
standby state, the output of the circuit is approximately
zero or a logic-low level. When external trigger pulse is
applied output is forced to go high ( VCC). The time for

which output remains high is determined by the external

RC network connected to the timer. At the end of the
timing interval, the output automatically reverts back to
its logic-low stable state. The output stays low until
trigger pulse is again applied. Then the cycle repeats. The
monostable circuit has only one stable state (output low)
hence the name monostable.

The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety

of timer and multivibrator applications. The IC was designed by Hans R.
Camenzind in 1970 and brought to market in 1971 by Signetics (later
acquired by Philips). The original name was the SE555 (metal
can)/NE555 (plastic DIP) and the part was described as "The IC Time
Machine".[1] It has been claimed that the 555 gets its name from the three
5 k resistors used in typical early implementations,[2] but Hans
Camenzind has stated that the number was arbitrary.[3] The part is still in
wide use, thanks to its ease of use, low price and good stability. As of
2003, it is estimated that 1 billion units are manufactured every year.[3]
Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555 package includes over
20 transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an
8-pin mini dual-in-line package (DIP-8).[4] Variants available include the
556 (a 14-pin DIP combining two 555s on one chip), and the 558 (a 16-

pin DIP combining four slightly modified 555s with DIS & THR
connected internally, and TR falling edge sensitive instead of level
sensitive).
Ultra-low power versions of the 555 are also available, such as the 7555
and TLC555.[5] The 7555 requires slightly different wiring using fewer
external components and less power.
The 555 has three operating modes:

4.RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use

an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism, but
other operating principles are also used. Relays find
applications where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
low-power signal, or where several circuits must be
controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in
long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal
coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to
another. Relays found extensive use in telephone
exchanges and early computers to perform logical
operations. A type of relay that can handle the high
power required to directly drive an electric motor is called
a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with
no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device
triggered by light to perform switching. Relays with
calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes
multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical
circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power
systems these functions are performed by digital
instruments still called "protection relays".

Basic design and operation

Small relay as used in electronics

A simple electromagnetic relay, such as the one taken
from a car in the first picture, is an adaptation of an
electromagnet. It consists of a coil of wire surrounding a
soft iron core, an iron yoke, which provides a low
reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron
armature, and a set, or sets, of contacts; two in the relay
pictured. The armature is hinged to the yoke and
mechanically linked to a moving contact or contacts. It is
held in place by a spring so that when the relay is deenergized there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. In
this condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay
pictured is closed, and the other set is open. Other relays
may have more or fewer sets of contacts depending on
their function. The relay in the picture also has a wire
connecting the armature to the yoke. This ensures
continuity of the circuit between the moving contacts on

the armature, and the circuit track on the printed circuit

board (PCB) via the yoke, which is soldered to the PCB.
When an electric current is passed through the coil, the
resulting magnetic field attracts the armature, and the
consequent movement of the movable contact or
contacts either makes or breaks a connection with a fixed
contact. If the set of contacts was closed when the relay
was De-energized, then the movement opens the
contacts and breaks the connection, and vice versa if the
contacts were open. When the current to the coil is
switched off, the armature is returned by a force,
approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to its
relaxed position. Usually this force is provided by a
spring, but gravity is also used commonly in industrial
motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate
quickly. In a low voltage application, this is to reduce
noise. In a high voltage or high current application, this is
to reduce arcing.
If the coil is energized with DC, a diode is frequently
installed across the coil, to dissipate the energy from the
collapsing magnetic field at deactivation, which would
otherwise generate a voltage spike dangerous to circuit

components. Some automotive relays already include a

diode inside the relay case. Alternatively a contact
protection network, consisting of a capacitor and resistor
in series, may absorb the surge. If the coil is designed to
be energized with AC, a small copper ring can be crimped
to the end of the solenoid. This "shading ring" creates a
small out-of-phase current, which increases the minimum
pull on the armature during the AC cycle.[1]
By analogy with the functions of the original
electromagnetic device, a solid-state relay is made with a
thyristor or other solid-state switching device. To achieve
electrical isolation an optocoupler can be used which is a
light-emitting diode (LED) coupled with a photo transistor.

A latching relay has two relaxed states (bistable). These

are also called "impulse", "keep", or "stay" relays. When
the current is switched off, the relay remains in its last
state. This is achieved with a solenoid operating a ratchet
and cam mechanism, or by having two opposing coils
with an over-center spring or permanent magnet to hold
the armature and contacts in position while the coil is
relaxed, or with a remanent core. In the ratchet and cam

example, the first pulse to the coil turns the relay on and
the second pulse turns it off. In the two coil example, a
pulse to one coil turns the relay on and a pulse to the
opposite coil turns the relay off. This type of relay has the
advantage that it consumes power only for an instant,
while it is being switched, and it retains its last setting
across a power outage. A remanent core latching relay
requires a current pulse of opposite polarity to make it
change state.
Circuit description:
This circuit is designed to control the load. The load
may be motor or any other load. The load is turned ON
and OFF through relay.

The relay ON and OFF is

controlled by the pair of switching transistors (BC 547).

The DPDT relay is connected in the Q2 transistor collector
terminal.

Relay

is

nothing

but

electromagnetic

switching device which consists of six pins. They are two

set of Common, Normally close (NC) and Normally open
(NO) pins.
The relay common pin is connected to supply
voltage. The normally open (NO) pin connected to load.
When high pulse signal is given to base of the Q1

transistors, the transistor is conducting and shorts the

collector and emitter terminal and zero signals is given to
base of the Q2

transistor. So the relay is turned OFF

state.
When low pulse is given to base of transistor
Q1 transistor, the transistor is turned OFF. Now 12v is
given to base of T2 transistor so the transistor is
conducting and relay is energized. Hence the common
terminal and NO terminal of relay are shorted. Now load
gets the supply voltage through relay.
Voltage Signal from
Transistor Q2
Relay

Transistor Q1

Microcontroller or PC

1
off

on
off

0
on

off
on