FN 14 Integration Report

Schematic Diagram
Alberto, Macalia, Nifas (Section THW)

ENDOCRINE: Pancreas (unable

to
produce
insulin);
Hypothalamus (overworks to
regulate blood glucose levels
thus excessive thirst); Adrenal
Gland
(weakens
when
hypothalamus is overworked);
Adrenal (), thyroid (), gonadal
functions (altered due to DM)

CARDIOVASCULAR:
Neuropathy (damaged blood
vessels feeding the nerves);
Coronary heart disease, stroke,
atherosclerosis, hypertension,
left ventricular dysfunction
(both systolic and diastolic)

SKELETAL: Diabetic Osteopathy; low bone

density (at young age when bone mass
should be increasing)*
*insulin promotes bone growth and
strength

LYMPHATIC:T-lymphocytes kill insulinproducing B-cells (Type 1 DM); higher

than normal levels of cholesterol leads
to inflammation of adipose cells (fatty
acids are released in the blood

NERVOUS: NEUROPATHY (blood vessels feeding

the nerves are damaged), malfunction of
neurons,

DIGESTIVE: damaged neurons in the GIT;

damaged small intestines (unable to
release hormones triggered by the
endocrine
to
regulate
glucose);
Gastroparesis (delayed emptying food;
vagus nerve is damaged); extremely high
blood glucose: GI tract is affected- peptic
ulcer and gallstones food poisoning

DIABETES MELLITUS

INTEGUMENTARY: damaged blood

vessels causes scaly patches;
atherosclerosis; bacterial and fungal
infections; acanthosis nigricans or
darkened areas of skin (type 2 DM)

a chronic condition when excessive

sugar is found in the blood
Diabetes means excessive urination
while the term mellitus denotes
honey

TREATMENT:
insulin injection; regular medical
check-ups; medicine intake;
balanced diet, exercise (if possible),
proper hygiene

RESPIRATORY: slow recovery from

respiratory infections; hyperglycemia
(decreased function of immune cells);
inflammation alters lung function leading
to pneumonia and influenza; can also
cause nosocomial pneumonia and
respiratory
tract
infections
(ex.
tuberculosis)

URINARY: bacterial growth leading to UTI

and yeast infections, kidney and nerve
damage leads to difficulty in urinating;
glomerolus becomes porous; cystitis and
pyelonephritis
MUSCULAR: -diabetic neuropathy (motor): muscle
weakness, muscle wasting, twitching, cramps
-limited joint mobility: increases Hemoglobin A1C valves

REPRODUCTIVE: -male infertility: due to

molecular changes in the cells which affects its
functions during spermatogenesis and second sex
gland functions*
-when men are not circumcised, the skin on their
penis is inflamed and infected (balanopothitis)
-females: altered puberty, ovulation and fertility
when the IGF didnt bind to its receptors,
vagismus
-Pregnant women: Gestastional DM- certain
hormones interferes with insulin function

-diabetic muscular infarction: Type 1 DM; affects patients

with long standing time and poorly controlled DM