MTNISTERUL CULTURII

THE ROMANIAN MINISTRY OF CULTLTRE

MUZE,UL DUNARII DE JoS CAIaRASI
,
THE LOWER DA]YLTBE MUSEUM CALARA$T

CIVILIZATTA BOIAN
PE TERITORIUL ROMANIEI

FPr
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&

THE BOIAN CIVIISATION 01\

ROMANIA'S TERRITORY

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Lista muzeelor gi institufiilor participante la

Expozi(ia "Civilizalia Boian pe teritoriul
Romdniei":
1. Muzeul Duntuii de Jos - Cdldragi
2. Muzeul de Arheologie - Olienifa
3- Muzeul Municipal Bucuregti
4. Institutul de Cercetfui Eco-Muzeale - T\rlcea
5. Muzeul Judelean de Istorie gi Arheologie Prahova -

Ploiegti
6. Muzeul Nafional de Istorie
7. Muzeul Br5ilei - Brdila

Romdniei - Bucuregti

List of the museums and institutions par-ticipating

in the exhibition of "The Boian Civilisation on
Romania's Tetitory":
1. The Museum of the Lower Danube - Cdldragi
2.Ttre Museum of Archaeology - Oltenifa
3. The BucharestMunicipal Museum - Buchmest
4. The Eco-Museum Research Institute - T\rlcea
5. The Prahova County Museum of History and
Archaeology - Ploiegti
6. The National History Museum of Romania -Bucharest
7. The Museum of Brdila - Brdila

Figele de eviden[i au fost intocmite de:

Catalogue entries by:

Muzeul Dunfuii de Jos - Vasile Oprea

r Muzeul Brdilei - Stdnicd Pandrea
. Muzeul Municipal Bucuregti - Eugen Movil5
o Muzeul Na(ional de Istorie a Rominiei - George

r The Lower Danube Museum, Cdlfuagi - Vasile Oprea

o The Museum of Brdila, Brdila - Stlnicd Pandrea
r The Bucharest Municipal Museum - Eugen Movild
r The National History Museum of Romania - George

Trohani
Muzeul Judelean de Istorie gi Artd Prahova - Bogdan
Ciupe, Marilena Peneg
o Muzeul de Arheologie Oltenifa - Done $erbdnescu
r Institutul de Cercetdri Eco-Muzeale Tirlcea o

Cristian Micu

Proiectul expozitiei I gxhibition projectz

r Valentin Pamic
o Florin Rddulescu

Eugen Pavelef

Sigle

autori I Author

M. N.
E. C.

V.

C.

- Cristian Micu

R.

--

-t

abbreviati.ons:

- Marian Neagu
- Eugen Comqa
- Vasile Boroneant
- Stdnicd Pandrea
- Nicolae Harfuche
- Dinu V. Rosetti
- Yasile Oprea

O.
M.
D. S,

Eugen Pavelef
r Anca Doina Comaciu

ri -.1

r The Archaeology Museum, Olteni{a - Done $erb5nescu

r The Eco-Museum Resemch Institute, Ttrlcea Cristian Micu

D. V.

,;:

Archaeology - Bogdan Ciupe, Marilena Peneg

BP.
N. H.

Culegere texte I Text processingz

r Valentin Parnic

t-'lltlll' hlml

Trohani

S.

o Eugen Pavele!

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r The Prahova County Museum of History and

V
Proiect cultural I Cultural project:

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- Done $erbdnescu
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Coordonator I C o-ordinatorz
Marian Neagu

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Acest volum a fost editat cu sprijinul cI M e C - Institutul de Memorie Culturali

This volume was ed.ited with the support of c I M e C - Institute for Cultural Memory

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Comitet de rcdac(ie I nailorialCommittee:

o Irina Oberliinder - Tdmoveanu

r
a

Corina Bor$

Thaducere in limba englezl I English version:

r Anca Doina Comaciu

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CONTENTS

I. Marian NEAGU, The Boian

Culture

2. History of the Researches

II.

--..-.....---49

................

.-.......49

Marin NICA, Boian Finds in the Western Part of the Romanian Plain...
1. Piafra-Sat" "Vadu Codrii" Site............

..

-...............

" 52

.......52
.......-.--...... 52

2. Piaffa-Sa! "Nucet" Site ...........

lIIm

III. Radian-Romus ANDREESCU, Douglass BAILEY, Preliminary Observations Regarding the Neo.....-....--.....55
Eneolithic Habitance on the Teleorman

tilIl{um

Valley

IV. Done $ERBANESCU, The Neolithic Necropolis of Popegti, Vasilafi Commune, CIlirapi County.......58
V. Vasile BORONEANI, The Neolithic Finds from Chitila

VI.

Stdnicd PANDREA, The Boian Culture

{'Fermi"

--......--..........- 61

in the North-Eastern Part of the Romanian Plain .................62

VII. The Research Isaccea - "Suhat"

....-.........-.......65
A. Cristian MICU, The Settlement of Boian-Giulegti
.....................65
B. Adrian nAfAPeSCU, The Neolithic Fauna. 1997 - 1998 Campaign ..........
.......................65
1998
Campaign
C. Valentin RADU, The Study of the Archaeoichthyological Material.
65
D. Costel HAITi., The Preliminary Sedimentological Study. 1998 Campaign

VIII. Archaeological

66

Sites: .........

1. StSnicS PANDREA, Br[ilita

2. Mmian NEAGU, GilIfui - 6'Movila Berzei"......
3. Valentin PARNIC, Glina

........66
66

"Suhat"
.............
............
"Conac"
8. VaientinPARNIC, Vidra

..........67
..................68

4. Cristian MICU, Isaccea 5. StenicdPANDREA, Lipcoteanca

6. Cristian MICU, Sarichioi - ttl,a Bursuci"
7. Stdnicd PANDREA, Siligtea -

..... 68

..................... 69
.......69

IX. Valentin PARNIC, Catalogue of the Exhibition

............'10

Annexes:

List of Boian Finds Settlements Represented in the

Exhibition

List of Boian Flnds

Settlements

Stdnicd PANDREA,

Map of the Boian Settlements on Romania's

.....37
................37

Territory........-.......

........ 38

Eugen COM$A, La Roumanie meridionale. Boian. Atlas du N6olithique europ6en.

L'Europe orientalg Lidge, 1993, pp.156

a 158.

39
41

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petits ciseaux, des serfouettes et des manches perfords.

Les objets en mdtal sont tr0s rares. Un lot de perles
provenant de la n6cropole de Cemica passent pour Ofre

peints au graphite.
Le r6pertoire typologique de la poterie de c-'-- x
supdrieure comporte des gobelets et des bols i su:--,a*

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de ffansition qu'on frouve de vrais objets en cuivre, mais
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h Radovanu n'ont mis au jour que deux objets en cuivre,

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poingons de cuiwe d manche en os, quelques perles de
cuiwe (petites feuilles de m6tal roul6es) et un fil d'or"
Toutes ces piBces sont originaires du sud des Balkans.
Laplupart des sites ont livr6 des fusaioles en terre

cuite model6es ou constitu6es de tessons arrondis

perfor6s, de poids circulaires plats munis de quatre
coches oppos6es sur deux diamdtres perpendiculaires,
qui servaient d tordre les fils, et enfin des poids de m6tier
d tisser ovales, ronds ou oblongs, munis d'un trou de
suspension en leur partie sup6rieure. Une des maisons
de Radovanu a livr6 un amas de ces poids.
Les r6pertoires morphologiques et omementaux
de tra poterie Boian sont trds riches" Au cours des deux
premiBres phases, la pdte est p6trie avec de la balle, tandis

qu'aux phases suivantes elle est d6graiss6e d la chamotte.

Pendant toute la dur6e de cette culture, les vases de
qualit6 sup6rieure sont ddgraiss6s au sable fin.
Les formes de la vaisselle courante se sont
maintenues pendant tout le d6veloppement de la culture
de Boian: pots d la panse renfl6e, piriformes, bols et

6cuelles. Le r6pertoire ornemental comporte des

impressions, des boutons, des cordons impressionn6s
et des d6cors i la bmbotine. Au contraire, la deuxidme
catgie de vases se diversifie selon les diff6rentes
phases:
- Bolintineanu: piriformes d pied et bols. Ddcors
de m6andres incis6s. Chaque sillon est bordd de part et

d'autre de plusieurs rangdes de petites impressions

triangulaires incrust6es de pdte blanche;
- Giulegti: piriformes, gobelets, bols, bouvercles
et supports. D6cors excis6s en mdandres,associ6s h des
damiers et d des dents de loup remplis d'incrustations
blanches;
- Vidra: vases cylindriques avec ou sans pied,
gobelets et bols. D6cors excis6s: sillons dtroits s6par6s
pm des m6plats, angles, m6andres souvent associ6s i de
petits carr6s lisses disposds en gradins et d des triangles.
Ces figures sont toutes incrust6es de pdte blanche;
- Phase de transition: f inventaire typologique
est le m6me qu'd la phase pr6c6dente, mais quelques
modifications apparaissent dans les ddcors. Les figures
excis6es occupent cette fois de grandes surfaces, tandis
que les bandes lisses sont 6troites et composent des
40

noire ou grise" L'ext6rieur est lustrd et d6coij s

faisceaux de cannelures serr6es, forrnant un c-::horizontal ou bien des ondes et des angles. C: x
cat6gorie de cdramique, de tradition Dudegti, se mat-.:pendant les quatre phases de ia culture Boian.

Les sites occup6s pendant les deux pren'-:-a

phases sont gdndralement install6s sur des terrasses :ry:

partir de B: - s
Vidra, on observe une nette pr6f6rence pour les l-:-el
terrasses escarpdes; les villages peuvent m6me i:r

61ev6es, au voisinage des cours d'eau. A

entour6s de foss6s d6fensifs. C'est sur se :'.:t

d'emplacement que des tells vont se fc::: s'
progressivement e partir de la phase Vidra.
Les deux premi6res phases possEdent des ma:":,:r
ovales, semi-enterr6s, dot6es d'un foyer. Toutefois. :,*
maisons rectangulaires avec un plancher sur plate-: ::=r
sont construites en surface d6s la phase Giule;:- -*

le seul utilis6 pendant la phas. c

observ6e i Radovanu" L'entt6e, ouverii l:r-:

dernier type est

transition
un des petits c6t6s du rectangle, est expos6e au s'- - *
f int6rieur, une banquette longe la paroi nord; on Y :r i il
dgalement un four sur socle massif muni d'une vou.. r
forme de cabane etun emplacement destind d la mc --,-rrl
du grain.
De rares figurines anthropomorphes sont at:es-sl

pendant toutes les phases de cette culture. E- *,,

repr6sentent des personnages f6minins debout; ,="r:,
--m
d6cors semblent reproduire des v0tements om6s.
figurine masculine a la taille serr6e dans une - --e
ceinture dont les pans retombent librement deva- *
derri6re. La phase de transition est 6galement iliui:s*
par queiques figurines plates, en os. Les figu-=-:er
zoomorphes sont rares (boeufs, moutons, porcs).
Les morts sont inhumds" Au cours de la p:.m
Bolintineanu, les squelettes sont allong6s sur 1e -r;-,.
tandis que les autres phases pr6fdrent une pos--::
contractde, le corps couch6 sur le c6t6" Quelques tc:-:ei
de la n6cropole de Cernica (environ 400 ton:c.
comportent un mobilier fundraire : poteries, outils er- s-s
et en roche dure, bijoux en os, perles, bracelets er. =ir
de spondyle (Spondylus gaederopus) ou en valve d'l-. - ::
(Ostrea edulis).
La cuiture de Boian est contemporaine de la

:
grande partie des cultures de Hamangia, de la 11=;
de la Vddastra et de Vinia d'un c6td, et d'une p?r:-:
dvolution du Rub an6 (Moldavie) et de 1a culture P e

1'

"r

ili,

- ;
A:-'
du Ruband *-*

(sud-ouest de la Transylvanie) de l'autre.

assimilation de quelques corununautds
phase Giulegti devait constituer le fonds
la culrure de Pr6cucuten!.
1a

princip

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raldeq3

uolpnporlul "I

. Let: 1955,

At frst E. Comga divided the Boian culture intc

three phases (Comga, 8., L954, p. 360-392t

Ion Nestor

. Greaca: 1954,8- Comga

. Aldeni: 1955, E. Comga
. Bogata: 1956, E. Comqa

Morintz
was
used
after the
The toponymy of Boian
discoveries made between 1.923 and 1925 on the
Grddigtea Ulmilor island, situated in the middle of the
Boian Lake.
Radu Mddescu-Vulpe, in the surface excavations
betweenMostigtea md Cflerqi togetlrer withvl Dunitescu
has remarked an unusual potbry which he naned at the
time " exfrtic" (Vlfiescu-Vulpe, R., I9?t1, p. 85).
The term of "Boian civilisation" was used for
the first time in the relevant literature by Ion Nestor in
1928 (Nestor, 1., 1928, p" 110-1a3).
" Spanfov: 1958-1959, Sebastian

4. The systematic excavations prevailed between

1960 and 1999:
. Andolina: 1958-1961, E" Comga
. Hdr$ova: 1960-1978, Doina Galbenu
. Radovanu: 1960-1973,1985-1986, E. Comqa

.BrdiliJa: 1961, 1965, N. Hmfuche andF, Atanasiu

(I. T. Dragomir and Liviu Mihdilescu, intermittently).
'Tdrg$or: 1965-1995, Gh. Diaconu
. Li$coteanca - "Mog Filon" and "Movila din
Balt5i',: 1971 - 1974, 1979 - 1980, N. Harfuche, F.
Anastasiu, V. Sdrbu
. Sili$tea - "Conac":01981 - 1985, V. Sirbu, S.
Fandrea

. Sarichioi - "La Bursuci": L987,

Emest

Oberl2inder-Tdmoveanu, kina Oberl?inder-Tdrnoveanu

. GileFi -'Movila Berzei": 1980-1983, Mmian

the archaeological researches from oniy one settlemer.:

(Tangiru) which he would extrapolate to the entire

evolution of the Boian culture, E. Comga used

the

archaeological materials from more finds and settlemen'i

analysed. On the other hand, he abused the typologicacriteri4 notpaying enough attention to the stratigraphic''

in order to establish the periodisation of thii

civilisation, a fact he had the grace to admit: "[Ic
emphasise thal our periodisation was worked out and
formulateil above all according to typological criteria'
ones,

(Comga"

8, 197 4, p. 23). The Boian culture periodisatio:

suggested byE. Comgahasno solidfoundation, as at fltrs:

it was based only on the typology of the 1nttery uncovere:

several settlements and later on the stratigraphicarelations between the different evolution phases. Th-s

in

bizane situation can be partially explained also by ti::

fact the researches on the Boian culture were at th-3
beginning, at the time when were formulated the firs:
suggestions of periodisation (Comqa ,8. , 1954, P. 3 6f'
3e2).

Madimir Dumitescu used to observe the fornphasei

periodisation of the Boian culnre, but he based his anal,vs.i
on all the reseaches regmding all the aspects of the maten'
and spiritual life, related to the epoch in question and to tl,;
other archaeological cultures. Thus, the first two phases cthe Boian culture belong to the developed Neolithic a::

Neolithic and Eneolithr:

p.
28).
V.,
1988,
@umifrescu,
The lack of coherence of the Boian culrurresearch had a negative effect on the stage of r1::
knowledge related to this civilisation. The chance finc-',
the others are proposed for the late

Neagu
. Coroteni: 1982-1985, Victor Bobi
o

Sultana-"Valea Orbului": 1985-1988, Done

$erbdnescu

" Vl5diceascaJ'GherghelSul Mme": 1980-1986,

Done $erbdnescu
Cdsceomele - 'D'aia parte": 1991-1998, Done
$erbdnescu

Isaccea-"Suhat": 1997-1999, Cristian Micu,

Smaranda Micu.
The frst suggestions regmding the periodisation
were made as emly as 1934 by D. Berciu, who on the
basis of the sfratigraphical observations from Tangiru,
divided the Boian culture into Boian I and Boian II
(Berciu ,D.,1937, p, 7-11). Subsequently, as a result of
the new resemches, the author reassessed the evolution
of the Boian culture and divided it into five main phases:
Boian I, Boian II, Boian III, Boian IV anil BoianV'
each having its subperiods (Berciu, D., 1961, p. 61).
o

50

Bolintineanu, Giuleqti and Vidra; later, in his monograpi:

he included the last researches and added a fourttr phase"
called fransition phase, each of these phases having tv:
stages of evolution (Comga, 8., 1974, p. 27).
If D. Berciu made the error to use the results c:

journeys to the sites, experiments or systemai.;

excavations failed to be corroborated and integrated in:a unitary research programme. The only Boian settlemer-:

wholly examined, but not yet published, is the one ''

LiqcoteancaJ'Movila din Ba1t5" (excavations led by \

Harfuche, information from S. Pandrea). The uncoverLr;
of the last layer of the Boian settlement of Radovanu ' '
the only vast systematic research that we knorr c:
(Comga, 8., 1974, p. M-17). The interdisciplinar.'
research has been sporadic, discontinuous, ar.:
incomplete.

The researches of last period undertaken in tl:

Bolintineanu settlements of GdldEui-'Movila BerzeiLuncaj'La gtr5dini", Piscu Crdsani, Coroteni or Gr5digc;

Coslogeni proved that

E. Comga's theory c:

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eW uI suorlelndod aril Jo urEuo orfl Jo enssl eqt ol
suorlnqrruoc 1uecr3ru31s 80sq (goot
euuSlng
"rodo4)
'd.I66I ..yrl
Iuelsee-qgou ur,rodo4 1Jo asor{l Jo '(0ZI

'ue3opz6. ) e11o]euv uJs]selr tn sar{cJ?eser ieclSoloeeqca

tsel eqt uo poseq selpnts s,ue8opzg '141

{St 'd 'L66I ''IN 'n8eep) peurctrreur eq re8uol ou
Imc eJn1lm uelog aqlgo eseqdlsxg eql se rureernttnlog

'eseqdqu
1de.6ouor

:Q6e-09
olul aJnlir

Chapter

II

BOIAN FINDS IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE ROMANIAN PLAIN

Marin NICA

During the Middle Neolithic, butespecially during

its final period, the lower basin of the Olt River was not

only a tmong cultural unit of the Dudegti-Vddasfta

cultural type, but also an mea where the Boian-Vddastra
and Vinca-Dudeqti civilisations intermingled'
66Vadul

Codrii" Site
Halfway between Piatra-Sat and Brincoveni,
across the town of Slatina, the lower temace to the left
of the Olt river forms a several hundred meters long
1. The Piatra-Sat

spuratwhose end, in aplace oalled"Vadul Codrii" there

ii a higher promontory dorninating the wide Olt Valley'
Human communities founded in this place a settlement
of the Boian type belonging to Giulegti phase at the
beginning of the Middle Neolithic. The level belonging
to the rather small settlement (50 x 40 m) has been
disturbed by the pits of premediaeval emth houses (56
mediaeval
the
of
those
by
5m centuries AD), later on
necropolis dating from the end of the L66 century and
by a gravel quarry which desfroyed almost half of the
settlement surface.

The Boian settlement was made up of surface

dwellings, disposed in parallel rows, as proven by the
freplaces discovered in sections I - IV and VI - YII'
The sizes of the dwellings did not exceed 4 x 5 m' To
the south the settlement was delimited or protected by a

52

surface construction of considerable sizes (11'5

m), having a special role within the settlement

a'5

The freplaces of the surface dwellings, square

with slightly rounded or round comers, of sizes ranging
between 0.50 m or 0.90 m, used to have a cracked crus:
of about 0"04 m, pointing to a long usage'

In the west end of the settlement also two sma*

defensive fosses were uncovered. The stratigraphicaobservations at "Vadul Codrii" point to three layers
belonging to Giulegti phase of the Boian culture'
2.The Piatra'Sat "Nucet" Site
During the last stage of the Giulegti phase, the
"Vadul Codrii" community had founded a neo

settlement, 300 m to the wes! in the place called "Nucer'"

on the same terrace of the Olt River' Sections I - \-'
excavated in 1985 and 1987, include avery thin dwelling

layer of the settlement of Boian culture overlapping the

one belonging to the settlement of Vddastra II (Vddasrr-'
I after C. Mateescu). The culture layer belonging to t}:e
Boian culture is overlappedby a few ceramics complexe'
of the Vddastra trI and Vddastra fV phases' The presence
of the Boian communities of the Giulegti phase on the
right terrace of the Olt reveals the period of maximurn
territotA expansion of this civilisation, fromWallachi:
to Moldavia and south-east Transylvania'

FJ

I r ifi%ffiE E
f

!, 6:

a.=
iEi6
I * 6.4

q E 5r
E.C6E
;q :r

EB
I
eo

56
t:r

u)

[I

HY

sl

o-

rc

NB

o
6

o5
:.q
<-

z
o

o
9,

'tc
..
q
Frl

tr)

E'

l'

0a

t-

qqceil

Fl

o
rf'

IIMIIITI
eql uo

sa:ra1dr

flpotft

(D

o.
o
o

ouesa

o-

o
B
o
o
o

o
4
F

FU

2-

se

Fi

(,
p

P4SEPE

T' a
z

Ei'

ery Bul

e
to
o

'a-ls

'*IecnN

AEU E
eql'asr

8urya,t

oa

o
(a

ts

fd

q:

rraifu1

Ierrrde

[[eIIIs o

lsru, p
SuBua
asnbs

---zo

.. .e

ir

r$
l3

lt
r5

s'rxs

g:

,..'d-:E
Ya!

(D

A)

ED

*
B

I
o

YSIN I

ffimt-l

Wn
iiirtllllllll[
,rt I I tlllll([
r r I t r llll(l

D*

'rlllllllllrlrll
Irrtilllllltill
a ao oq a
riJ:i,lt, rIf{,ilfi,
,ii:i ii tt4i itt
it.t'.iii+lr.inllil

\,\-\_r-

i;itUftt1
. "...-.:

:. .. -:
_

, ::

\-_-

.::.

:-::-,:.y'

'../-

Fig.2. Pottery of the Boian - Giulegti

settlement, discovered at Piatra - Sat'l/adu Codrii"

^t
-\:.

\f

%.

Iiiilg!!u!
triti ltirti
5

m.
WA
E%

Fig. 3. Pottery of the Boian - Giulegti settlement, discovered at Piatra - Sat'1/adu Codrii"
54

:,ai

:\l

ss

,fuprr
cil{lqoaug-oeN
pelleu8ts
eils
I4
eql
lsrg
usuuoeloJ
'Euuer'ocun
repro
nerll
eq1 slueserder I00 'Iif,L snql
Jo
aql q reqrunu B se Ilelr se 'Y'IJ Jo leql ,(enr 1efpp13
eqt uo esoql pue "IUI Ieqel eql pelrecer oaeq selrs

rmuuoelel arg 'sEuprorar eql ;o fcuercq;e erp 3o

a{es erlt rod ',(a1prr leipplC eql uo euo reqlo eql te1p,r

,(e11el

ueuuoelel eql uo euo 'se11s olru JeWo Jo uoBecgquepr

arp ol pal eABrI sar{3reesar puno.r8 aq1 ree,{ s1q1
'uouesllllrc uelce61-ole9 erp 'e8y uoq erp o1 stuoleq ap
r1lmoJ

V'(1 ern81$

epoq? IuIIJ'seuoq'sluaulSe.g&a11od

Jo suoper1uecuoc q8norql pelJlluepl setp clqrloeug

-oaN eerr$ reqlo Jo dreaocstp egl o1 pei feql tqud
ur.'3ur>11o*tp7al.d 'sl11nt eaels ees 'sgetap ro;) ecegrns
elor{,tr eql Jo uoBelryu?xe q3noroqg dlarue4xe IrB Pe^ 'oIIB

1eq1 f8olopoqleur cr;rceds e o1 tuprocce ue{euepun

era,u, ''tu'bs 000'018 lnoqe Jo eceJJns e paraaoc ma,( lsrg:

eq1 Squnp ,{iuo 1eq1 'seqcreesar punor8 eldl 'Iu 00I x

00I Jo samnbs olq pepl^Ip ueeq sEI{ eare etp s8uDrocar
erp Jo pue suollelecxe eq1;o dcuag3gJe aIO Jod srelu
oau eql rrreaqsu^A.op pue ',(e11err pitupt3 eq] spJea\ol
JoAIJ ueuuoele.1 aw
pepuelxe I{3JeaseJ erp

"tropeaur
'e1rs uerog erp sI eJaID eJelilr eceld erp w pepels
"lueuruo4^ue er0 Jo pue JoAIJ eIfl
yo ,{.ro1s1q IemlBu eq1 ?q1ry'psuoreJ qtIA pelrrecuoc eJu
oq \ esoqt ol sB IIea se slsrSoloeeqcm aIil ol Woq InJesn
selgord,neS e pepr,rord pw sleuBc a8eurerp go /r\opeelu
rea-u usulJoeleJ. aq] uI acueNlxe eqt sBrr uosBeJ Jalilouv

'uerg-ern8pl I Jo IIq,Fglloeug-oep teer8 aql sepnlrut

erp taqto eq1 uo ptm '(urnesny41f1uno3 uslrrJoelel
eqt uroq Berrl I Ia^Bd an8eelloc rno dq pereaotun
sen 11) ereq pelpu8rs ueaq .(peeqe perl luoruel$as
uulog e 'pupq euo eql uo :turrvrolloJ eW ueeq eaeq
aceld sq1 Sursooqc JoJ suo$eJ erf,L 'ereuq ,no1e fq
eeJB

pepmdes 'sr(ege,r.letpgl3 prru ueuuoeleJ eqt uD[ t lnoqe

;o qt8uel e Suop sespduroc pue ernEpry pue ruecp'I
se8ep,r arpgo eam eql u1 'eppwxelyJo Wou uq 0I seq
suouelerxe eq1 3r4uu13eq roJ uesoqc eceld eq1

'uIelIJg learg ur luud

Sqeq euo lsqtr erp 'sgoder,tmrmmlard 11nJ uI penssr
eq IIIA sllnser pal1etep 4arp fpuenbesqns 'su8pdruec
u.r

lsJg er$ Jo ser{rJseseJ oql ?urpre8er spadse IeJeaes

equcsop .(lesrcuoc fieqs a,tr raded lueserd eril uI
o,trtr

'sexaldurm
prm sluerueples clqlrloeug-oeN eql

uI

suoEueaJalul

ler11 'suo 1eco1 e pue 'r(e1p,r erp Suop eeJe qluue,

e sueeru qclqa 'euo leuozoJorrrr e 'lelu uuuuoelea
erll Jo .(a1p,r elorll'r eql Sururecuoo euo leuorBar
B :SIaAeI eJorrr uo ue{uuopun sr l{rJeeseJ eI{I
'serlr^rlcB uel[ml
pw lr ueefqeq suorleJelu.r eqt Pue lueuruo.naue-oeled
erp Sunupsuom:'(efrqeurng'ue1ogllSepn@ eam s1ry

sI

ur suouesllrlrc cF$IIoeuA-oeN elg uo e8pe1,nou{ eJolrr

Suurnbce 3r4pn1cu1 's1eo8 eJoru seq 1caford aq1
'urnasnlnl
,{1uno3 ueurJoelel eql pue erlleruoggo urnasnyg ,fto1sg1

IeuoltsN eql 'se1e1y1 JJtpreJ Jo dllsrer'1un eq1 Jo iooqrs

,(Soloeeqcrypue drolsrlleIIl eJe srolnqlruoc eI{I 'JoAF
u?uuoelel eW Jo de1p,r eql uo ecrmlqeqq sllpqoetrtr
-oaN eql Sr4uracuoc euruurSord qJJBeseJ I?uoueruslul
ue Sulpnlcuoc JoJ suossal earsrtep erp Jo euo ueoq
seq prlualod pcr3oloaeqcre sFil Jo ecuetrsxe erll

J-

'&rmo

lt

uerrrroeleJ eqt Jo 1er1ue1od pcrEoloeeqcre aql uodn

lq3u naue paqs (966I 'nnds 'D sluaruelras pcuolslqad
Jo su4 peJeaocun seq pue ,(1unoc eql uI Supeaecn
ueeq seq smed 69 JoJ oII,y\ 'n4ds '11saud,tq ryo,n eq
go 8rry1sgqnd eql

'smeI lsel eql Jo seqcreasar erLL

'seJnlFtsD

crqlrloeuA-oeN snoIJeA go Surpeards eq1 Surpre3er

suoueJeprsuor eql uodn suorleclldun roleur Eur,reg pe3:c
'sluaureplas IIBurilI /AaJ IIITAI uor3er e se (ZL6I'IeteI{ Jl1

'ncse4rurnq '1n 'aqcempuoC 'A) sdeu lecr8oloeeqcr

eql uo pelcrdep s1 ,ftunoc erp Jo drolurq eIfl 'slsp
eseqt q Eurproccy 'dlunoc sql uI eEy cgprloaug-oaN
eqt uo Blep aql eq ol pesn (VOV-IOV'dd'VL6l 'epeg 'J

'nnds'I

ecueqc

uor;

SS'dd'S16I'ncsa4lumq'6) saua,rocsp
(qLI-;L[ 'dd '696t
'g)
'O
uppuexalv
'eperd
'ea4II [
lu tueueples wrog
e uI uolteleoxe encseJ e'(Zgg-Wg 'dd '996I 'ntclag
'@ pSe[e1g pue (eg-W'dd'696I 'elues 'g 'uiraoqurgg
-ncse4ed 'laD paq up rqSeuplor3 Jo euo eqt 'pes,(1ec
dgerped s11e] o/r[ '(ZSt-ttt'dd 'gt8l 'ncsalnclng
'@ zftquec lsel eql se ,(1me se peuo11ueru aledr Je11cl
eql q8noqlle 'se1rs cpplloeug-oeN stl roJ u/rou{ eIsE
8gS- t

secard praaes pue

,(1preue8 se,ll r(1unoc ueuuoalel eq;,(puecar 1pun

IflTM

ssul8nog
nJsflflucNv snulou-uBIpBu

ASTTVA NVWUOS1SI flHJ, NO gSNVTISVH

JIHII'IO gNg -O fl N gHI CNIIOUVC gU SNOIIYAUfl S gO ^IUVNIIAII'ISUd
11ra1duq3

\r
=it

first one, immediately under the present ground surface

there are the damaged remains of a surface dwelling,
while in the second one, lying nearby, the cultural layer
lies at a depth of over 20 cmthe ground types in which
are placed the two dwellings are also different.
In short, we can state that at the end of the two
campaigns we have more questions than answersrelated

Fig.

1.

Neo-Enolithic sites uncovered by excavations

(rnap by Steve

Mills)

Besides the ground resemches, this yearhavebeen

undertaken a series of limited excavations (mainly the
2 x 1 m sized one was used), extending wherever the
situation on the ground needed it. The results of these
researches me under processing so that we are going to
make just a few preliminary observations that we hope
me going to be of interest.
First of all we had the opporfunity to observe that
not any agglomeration of pottery fragments, abo de, and

bones corresponds to a stable settlement, having

dwellings and an individualised cultural layer. The TEL
010 excavations uncovered only rare pottery fragments,

some

of them Neolithic, other Geto-Dacian, found in

various ground types, without constituting a coherent

layer that we could define as a cultural layer.
In TEL 009 the archaeological ffaces are more
significant and consist of a higher amount of pottery
abode bits, and flint bones. The excavations (the most
extensive of this campaign) were made in the mea of a
dwelling whose elements and sizes can no longer be
assessed as they are almost completely destroyed. The
strange thing about this dwelling is that it is placed on
sand. The cultural level, found immediately under the
ground surface (because of that the agricultural works
destroyed the lmgest portion of the traces) is made up
of a mixture of sand and black soil, and it rarely suq)asses
20 cm in thickness. Under it lies a sand layer of yellowish
orange colour.
In TEL 001 went on the chamfering of a drainage
canal wall crossing the Neolithic site. The cleaning of
the profile thus obtained led to the uncovering of the
remains of a surface dwelling of unfired abode. The
dwelling was adjoined by a kiln or oven.

The last site, TEL 008, is the richest in

archaeological materials and has a special situation.
Practically, two areas have been delimited: in the
56

-withor.
phases

potte4
brougl
Giuleq

theTE
not cc

to the Neo-Eneolithic inhabitance in the Teleorman

valley. Afirst issue to be brought into discussion is that
of defining more accurately the term of settlement, or,

from

more precisely for that age, of dwelling. A simple surface

belong

researchrecorded these four places as being four Boian

settlements. The reality seems to be completely different:
we have here different inhabitances if we are to take
into account the time factor. More exactly, we can
propose the hypothesis of inhabitances that we might
define as permanent (or almost permanent), temporary
or seasonal. Thus we may suppose that sites like TEL

culturr

ascribi

@.Ber

fromtl
t9'71).

008 and TEL 001 represent almost permanent

settlements, having surface dwellings and aperceivable
cultural layer; TEL 010 where there me no dwellings,
not even a cultural layer, could point to a seasonal
inhabitance linkedpossibly to a certain economic activity
(as a matter of fact, as a true ethno-archaeological
similmity, we should mention that during the summer,
in the Teleorman valley emerge all sorts of improvised

constructions, shelters for people who bred animals here

just for one season). It is only natural that due to the
short inhabitance period the remains should be scmce.
A more special position is that of TEL 009

inhabitance. The archaeological traces are more

significant, but cover a rather restricted area and are
placed in the sand. It could be here the case of a
temporary inhabitance (not for just one season, as there
is a thin cultural layer), being probably related to an
economic activitv, possibly to water resources, given
its placing on a sand layer.
Of course it is very difficult in this stage of
researches for us to precisely define these inhabitance
types, and delimit theborders between them. To do that
we should reconstitute the environment, as well as be
familiar with the human activities, especially the
economic ones, which decisively influenced the
dynamics of the inhabitance in the area. In this sense

we should stress the special importance of

interdisciplinary researches, like sedimentologR
hydrology, palynology or archaeozoology.

These hypotheses will certainly gain in

verisimilitude by the emergence and compmison of
similar situations.
Another important matter is the chronology. On
the basis of ground researches, we had ascribed at least
two sites to the Giulegti phase of the Boian culture,

arheo
Bucur
tEsplc

Aprili,

Boian,
L972,

prehis

L9
: ir'

:!?;:1-t

_, Ji
.:J

::,

5 -.t5
:-r--..I I

:--

.i

:- itr

'.1:t

Js:

-;.rI3
:'t-r

'n1n-l1n 'dd 'nSerncng

o1
pplecJe3'uouttoa1al'pn['ocso14
'91'acltoloeqJv
apuoafiulaum? p-ya7'6L6l'') 'epag "I 'r4dg
BIrpr.IexeIV
npuoaupnanoapl

auo$t ap aqt'966I

''I

'n4ds

Eg- In'dd'rSe1'1n'lazroploya er?oloatryy' pa q

urp ly*aupcolC Dl ap uoafruTaum? p-ya1ury Tntaouog
'

'696I''S'erueS''tr41'e11rr.oqrugq-ncseJtred
'g Ll-g LI'dd tsemqcng'1'epualeyq' oupuatalv Dl ?p
arD^las ap a1unqpdpg '696I ''J ?perd ''g ?e4I41
'8Eg-ItS 'dd lsomqcng

lT

'y-;g1 ?rceq 'urnatoalal lP opJtstp pu aqcuolsn1atd

lltadocs aunrlv'Si6I''IA ncseJllurnq
lseJeqcng' nrugutoy o pclS oloaqto oltog'7 261

n.

:.i r LU

:aru '

''W'O'lele4''1n'ncse4rutn61''g'lqcernpuo3
'gSerncng'uo1og
nJnilnc nplplrunaoJ Dtrolsl

:-:

''lL6I ''g'eSuro3

'Zgl-lfl'dd

=':- i-ti.
' :Itnrr

'11 'a1erre1el1\1

uuadocsap

-: rr.i

''C 'ncselnclng

'Zgg-nig'dd'rlSerncng
'y|atncng oaundat ug acSoloatpo

$ uplaua3'9S6I '"9 'nlcleg

<

'erTudy
aun$otoldsg)
elsrleU
'7
'uuerodu4luoo
'(pct?o1oat1to
1

4Sat{uto1o3 on?pyttl 'EL8I

"

a,a',,
's

3-nl"

:-ttr1;
-..1-.,:
:

:saJuoJaJau

JIUE

lfI ;
.-rr:Cr,l

'etep

,rJ Jo

stseq ern uo 'edoq sn 1e1 ltm 'saqcreeser drcurldrcslpJelul

rroq esoql qlra4, sllnseJ erfl Jo uo.rlpJoqorroc eq1 dq
sB

IIel[

se 'puelxa BoJB arl] tn suollelucxe aW sB eperrr

eq rurrr.(e1p,r uerruoelal eql ur ecuellququl rFlllloaug

-oeN erll Jo uoqlulJep lecrSolouorqc reJBeIc

"(aaoqe

peuopueur uoqdacxa eW Wlrr) rreuf,roalel uI u^\otD[un

lsourle sl arn1ln, tmlog eq] sB 'uopes11p.1c ,Fllrloaug

erg Jo sluBlJer' 1euo13er eql ol uoque$B enp ,(ed plnoqs
ell\ leql Jeplsuoc e,r,(Solouorqc spp SurpreSea

.setp

q punoJ ouo eql Jo leq] ueql rerood sr e{s 0I0

q
parerocun frepod aql go ,(11pnb aq1 'eldruexe
eW
1Al

roqlo eql

ro; 'se 'snoeueSourorl lou sr uozuoq pJnllm sIf,L

'0tet
'eSruo3 'g) euo eirulerrrng erp ol eJnllnc uelog

eI11

uro+

aseqd uorlsueq eql ruo+ euo o1 ro (1961 'nlcreg'@

A uelog pue AI uelog perueu,(11euor1ua,ruoc 'ern11nc
uelog erp Jo pue oql urog uozrJol{ I?JnlIm u o1 8uo1eq
salrs JarDo er$ uI pere^o3un sPlnJ ew Jo lser eI{I

q3rru

:Ytrl

r-)

..13J0tr

-IEjog
i'leJJnS

'io

1ue

uope.ausxe Jeplo uro{F

sleue1eru Jo srseq eql uo epeur ueeq Supreq Surqpcse

:?'+ sr

pEIUI eql 'aseqd sIW Jo ecuelslxa eql rrrJlJuoc lou

plp seqsreeser ew elIS I00 M,1 aql q 'ells 900 lal ew
ur ,(1uo petrseue sB^\ arnllnc uelog aqt;o eseqd pSelnlg

l;tBI3J

's

]srg eq] IrJ 'uorluprcnle u1euor lnoqe lq3norq

suollelecxe lecrSoloeegore aq] Supnp punoJ dreuod

eq1 eceld

eql go srs,(1euu ppred aql 'lI q1r,n pemduroc su saseqd

Jo/{eu Jo Jeplo Jo ecuelsxe eql lno 8ur,ree1 }noq}r.al

JEIILIO,

-,i\1 3q

ilrq,r\
::.ie1

1e

3in11o.r

.'lBJJns

Chapter IV

TTIE NEOLITHIC NECROPOLIS OF POPE$TI,

VASILATT COMMUNE, CAIAnE$I COUNTY
Done gERBANnScU

The author presents a Neolithic necropolis

belonging to the Boian civilization studied a quarter of
a century ago in the village of Popegti, Vasilagi commune,
on the high terrace on the right bank of the Ddmbovila
river. From the necropolis, lmgely destroyed by vmious
works and constructions, the author succeeded to save
16 Neolithic tombs and one tomb from the Bronze Age.
From an anthropological point of view two human types
were discovered: Mediterranean, with its variants, and
protoeuropoids. The average height of males was over
the medium one (169.2 cm) and medium at the upper

limit with females (156. 1 cm).

The rite practiced is inhumation in a moderate
crouching position, in most cases on the left side, and in
just one case (M. 5), the skeleton lay crouched on the
right side. As regards the position of the arms, two
situations were met. Some skeletons had their arms bent
at the elbow and brought up to the face and others had
the left arm bent at the elbow and directed towmds the

GCI
M2

face, with the palm under the head and the right hand
directed towards the right thighbone. In 7 tombs funerary
items (seashell, bone, copper carbonate beads, a bone
ring, or stone toois) were discovered. The burial of the
dead in the necropolis reveals that prehistoric humans
of that age used to have a complex, well organized
religion, in which they saw death as a passing to a new
existence during which they had to live together with
the other dea4 thus they would need certain objects they
had used while alive. The crouching position and burial
with the head towards the east prove that they hoped
that by a new resurrection they could retum to life.
On the basis of the study of the rite of the burial

rifual and the items collected from the tombs, the

necropolis resemched at Popegti-Vasilafi was ascribed
to the Vidra phase of the Boian civilization, being
contemporary with the necropolises uncovered at Boian
A, Andolina, a part of the tombs uncovered at Cemic4
and with the children's tombs uncovered at Glina.

ffi,Tffi8
a @u,

l=

[+

lr

la

@0

&N
--

lM1

M9

M6

t4t
P

Fig'
58

1. Popegti,

ossi

Vasilali corrmune - Funerary inventory from M.1, M. 2, M. 4, M. 6 and a small chisel of white rock.

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Chapter YI

This

THE BOIAN CULTURE IN THE NORTH.EASTERN

PART OF THE ROMANIAN PLAIN

from

ascri

Lum

p.2',

Stinici PANDREA

The Boian culture emerged in the north-eastem

part of the Romanian Plain as a result of a "colonisation"
process. Human groups came and founded settlements.
Thus, the oldest Boian-Giulegti settlement in the northeast of the Romanian Plain can be dated to the Greaca
stage due to the unmistakable excision pattern (see E.
Comga, 1974,p.98).
We emphasize the idea that there is no question of
the "Sudifi aspect ' participation in the genesis of the Boian
Giulegti culture, but it should be agreed that the Boian-

GiuleEti communities and the linear-ceramic ones

coexisted for a period of time. That is revealed by the
finds from Siligtea - "Conac" andligcoteanca @ig. 1-2).
On their arrival, the Boian-Giulegti communities
had an already crystallised way of life, as it is proved by
the finds from Brdilila, Baldovineqti, Ligcoteanca (N.
Hmfuche, Fl. Anastasiu, L968; idem 1976,N. Harfuche,
1983a) and Siligtea - "Conac" (V" Sdrbu, S. Pandrea,
1994; S- Pandrea, 1994, p. 11-13). The most ancient
settlements belong to the Giulegti phase - Greaca stage,
as it is proved by the excised pottery aspect (N. Harfuche,
1980, p. 284;8. Comqa, 197 4, p. 32, 100).
The presence of the Bolintineanu type materials
associated with the oldest Boian-Giulegti ones reveal
the oldness of the settlements. Only in certain parts of
the Bdrdgan Plain were uncovered complexes bearing
Bolintineanu-Giulegti mixed materials. In other parts this
situation cannot be found, for example at Baldovinegti
and Siligtea - "Conac" where one can find pottery bearing
Zeliezovce type decoration (Fig. 1-2).
The situation described above shows that the
emergence of theBoian-Giulegtiphase - Greaca stage ends
the Bolintineanu culhral representations and the ceramiclinean ones in Wallachia The existence of the settlements
characterised by the Giulegti-Bolintineanu mixture or by
the Giulegti - linear ceramics one points to the emergence

of the phenornenon of the excised and inqusted potbry

and, implicitly, of ttre Giulegti - Greaca stage.
The synchronisms mentioned above are verified
also by the existence of Hamangia II (= Golovila)
imports in the settlements fromBogata @. Comga, 1974,
p. 231) and Ciulnila (kind information E. Ren!a). The
uncovering of goblethup handles of Karanovo III-IV
62

type (see Fig. 3ll; V. Nikolov, 1995, Fig. 3ll, 4; 4ll;

idem, 1999, Fig. 1-2) in the settlement from Siliptea "Conac", where also Zeliezovce items were found,
confirms the synchronisms mentioned above.
Further on, we intend to synthesize the data
already presented by the Vinia and Dudegti (from
Oltenia) chronological system.

At the beginning we should define

the

chronological horizon of the Bolintineanu culture and

linear ceramic culture with heads of musical notes from
Moldavia and Wallachia, representin gthe terminus ante
quem for the Boian-Giulegti culture - Greaca stage.
The Bolintineanu type discoveries from Sudili,
Hdrman and Coroteni are representative for the late stage
of the Bolintineanu culture, which was remmked by E"
Comga (1973,p.12), A. D. Alexandrescu (1971). The
linear-ceramic materials from Hdrman, Suditi and the
imports from Cemica (Gh. Cantacuzino, S. Morintz,
1963) ae ascribed by S. Mminescu-Bilcu (1993 ,p.194)
to the second stage of evolution of the linear pottery in
Romania, a stage synchronous with the beginnings of
the Sarka culture (in Bohemia) and the Zeliezovce (in
Poland).
The linem-ceramic cultural finds in Wallachia and
south-east Transylvania belong to the same stage with

the linear-ceramic settlements of Traian - 'Dealul

Fdntinilor", Gl5vdnegtii Vechi, Nezvisko (S. MminescuBilcu, 1993,p.194).
The Sarka and,Zeliezovce linem ceramic cultural
groups are spread in the mea, but they exerted influences
also upon the meas from Austria and Moldavia, which
remained characterisedby the culture of the linempttery
with heads of musical notes (R. Ehrich, A. Bankoff"

1992, p. 387; N. IJrsulescu, 1990, p. 33, 35; S.

Marinescu-Bilcu, 1993, p. 19a). The beginning of the
Zeliezovce group and mixture of Zeliezovce - linear
pottery with heads of musical notes can be dated
chronologically to Vinda Br/82(R.Ehrich, A. Bankoff,
L992, p. 387; N. Ursulescu, 1990, p. 33, Table VII; P61
Rdczky, 1992, p. 149-150).
Consequently, the linem ceramic materials bearing
heads of musical notes from south-east Transylvania and

Wallachia can be ascribed chronologically to Vinda Br.

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1e su13aq aEels

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surEaq e8els eoserg - eseqdqSelnlD - arnllnc wlog eql
go ecue8reure eql ler{l elels Irsc e1A uolsnlcuo' uI

'fin'd

'd'e966I 'ueerroSerq'19) pnoSleeuml

B?ulA Jo sluellleluas ara ruo4
e&$?g
elrPtrgJ. 1e

'q966I 'urepr
prIB

196

peqlJcse
dq osle pague^ sr Suqep s1q1

selou IBcIsnu Jo spBer{ qlld\ fragod met41 eI$

slrodun;o ecuaserd e$

01

-:.--

-.-:'

;
-- i

::
7:i
:-'T
--l

't:

lp

':;!

'-l al

'i ir
-f

YEI

Dragovean, Fl., 1996, Cultura Viniatilrzie (Faza

C), tn Banaf, Timigoara, 1996" Relation of Vinia Culture plmse C with the Transylvanian Region, in: The
Vinda Culture, its Role and Cultural Connections,

{inuturile tnconjurdtoare - reflectarea acestora prin

materialele arheologice fuscoperite tn agezarea de la
Turdng - Luncd, jud. Hunedoara, Culturd gi Civilizafie
la Dundrea de Jos 15.

Nica, M., Nitd, T., 1979, Les etablissements

Timigoma.

Ehrich, R.; Bankoff, A. 1992, Geographical and

Chronological Patterns in East Central and South eastern Eurolte, in: Chronologies in Old World Archaeology, III'- edition, Chicago.
Harfuche, N., Anastasiu, Fl., 1968, Brdilila.
AEezdri Ei cimitire omeneEti datdnd din epoca neoliticd

pdnd tn pragul ordnduirii feudale, Muzeul Brdilei,

Br5ila.
Harfuche, N., Anastasiu, Fl., 1976, Catalogul
selectiv al colecliei de arheologie a Muzeului Brdilei,
Brdila.
Harfuche, N., L980, Preliminarii la repertoriul
arheologic al judelului Brdila,Isffos 1.
Harfuche, N., 1983, Locuin[a-bordei din agezarea
Baian de la LiEcoteanca "Mog Filon"

, [sftos 2-3"

Pandrea, S., L994, inceputul culturii Boian

GiuleEti in Cilmpia Brdila,Istros 7.
Luca, S. A., L997, Agezdri Neolitice de pe Valea
MareEului (I). Habitatul turddgean de la Ordstie - Dealul
Pomilor (punctX2), Alba Iulia

Luca, S. A., 1,997, Relaliile culturale de la

ului dezv o ltat dint re Tran s i lvania si

sfhr E i tul neolitic

neolithiques de Leu et Padea de la zone d'interfOrences

des cultures DudeEti et Vinia, Dacia, N. S. 23.

Nikolov, V, 1995, Notes on the Periodization and

Chronology of the Neolithic in Thrace, Thracica lL,
Sofia.

Nikolov, Y., 1999, Varianti na prehod ot rannija

kdm kdsnija neolit v Trakija i dolinata na Strumn,
Starini. Journal of Balkan Archaeology, 1.
Alexandrescu, A. D., 1,971, Ceramica liniard de
la Hdrman, Cumidava 5.
Pandrea, S., SArbu, V., Mirea, M.,1997, AEezdri
gwnelnilene de pe Valea Cdlmdluiului, Ishos 8.

S6rbu, V., Pandrea, S., I994, Cercetdrile

arheologice de la Siligtea, judelul Brdila, campaniile
1991-199j: a) AEezarea Boian-Giulegti; b) ASezdrile din
prima epocd a fierzlzi, Isfros 8.

Simion, M., 1983, Cu privire la relalia dintre

"cultura" Varna Ei cultura Gumelnila, SCM 34, 4.
IJrsulescu, N., 1990, Contribulii privind evolulia
culturii ceramicii liniare pe teritoriul Moldovei,
Arheologia Moldovei 13.

A. TI

of the I
course

and th

mentio
meado
towmd

Nort\
on the
52, ori
Sq'm,

anew

partial
tuep11

three r
of the

the der

contai
vegeta
surfacr

sampl
clay, r
surfacr

bottor
oxidis

withv
of the
thereir
crude

which
64

eqf, 'puus eIrIJ sB/t\ eclmlsqns Surseer8ep eql qclqa\

ul' elsed ,{1qenb r{8lq e Suueeq d-reuod ?r11 'il

'eqnueo eql Jo silsodep

seuoc pesn IeIJAleu .lftelueunpes
IBIAnIIB aug eql uro4:

'(suo1slcul 'uolsserdu4 's;poru 'Euqued epnrc

iW rrW deJuec euo s8urllernp eqlJo rouelur eq1 Sutgg

JoJ pesn sl?IJeletu uoucnJtrsuot erp spmSer sy

Suueeq'pe,roof pesrcur 'paslcxe) uoperoJep eql sr enql

qslrl/d uo re,(e1 ,fu1c 1np e peqclde sE^' slesse'a eql Jo
mepns eq] uO 'secard pepunod Jo Jeil?lu ple8ea q1r,ta'

'eceds perneltneru IIea 3 elmlpq su1erueJ

aug ,fterr ellf, 'ryo,tt ,{e1c eutS: pue sJoog qlpr p4ltJ
,(lpcpeurelsds erelrr ..}{trS,, - eercesl 1e s8qllem'p eq1

pex.rur'e1sed dlqenb rood e Suueeq dranod

lnw l.o pelqod 866I uI un8eq,(pnrs pcl8ololuermpas

eql Jo

YIIVHIeISoJ
uEPdtuu3 S66I

^1111[S'IVJIC
II'Igud gHI.o
'o'Iot\lgruI(Igs IUVNII

la' (o5171 suoe3rnls' (otZg' 9Z)

u8;udutu3 9661

Jouelxe ue pue slrd e8eqm3 ,{ueru 'pe'(ea'rns '(gerlmd

s8q11e,np lq?Ie peleelaJpeJeamlrn sreIel o^$ aql

ol

s.radulEugPmq
ztreu e
dlsnoy'.erct pelpnls es oID Jo uJeqlnos' gp'uoqces

obt1'ILsr 'slueur8er; euog Jo .requrnu eI41 JeUe Sur8pnt

orleJ aql
'sleurgue pg/t\ pue cllseurop ueed$eq

peuedo se^t 866I uI 'ur I Jo sset4l/r\ u fq pepr'up 'urbs

peluepo '75
Z x 9Z Suunseeur qcee 'sprerrrqgou-qlnos
'ells eW uo
uI
eret
lr/(erp
orrrl
L66I
pue IS 'suo11ces
,I.rorrrpuo, eql ,(q pecuonuut ueeq ,(pear8 seq tI

ITBFPV

u8Pdtuu3 S66I'1661
.VNOVd CIH.LI'IOUN gHI'

fl

'g

eseqd 'ern11nc er8ueumll aql o1 3u13uo1eq

sluaufery ,fianod pue slesse^ osls PeJeAooIm eJe'n sre'(e1
eql
',fteuod qSepr0)-uerog qclr eq1 seprsag

s.rnoqq8Pu aql qfP,r suoPBIeU

lailpclN puu slnelunol I uI'P]\t eW

's11111

uI punoJ eg u?t Ieueleru aer oIIJ 's1oo1 Suruad:eqs pue

sredercs's.rossnclad'srepuuS's1es1uc'se:re puno; e'ralrr
rueql ep$tno prm sre,ft 1 pcl8oloeeqcm eB I4 rpog
slool euo|s eql
'arrqlnc uelog aq13o eseqd
p$e1n1g erp otrpequcse dlarpue

o"u"1;]rl*"rr.,

"*

IYIAI'IVJIC OIOAHIHJI
"OSYHJUV UHJ, dO AONIS gHI'J

nJsasYrys

rood e Suueeq

pue seceyns eq1 ol pelidde tueureer erp 'e1sed eltr1 Jo

dtlpnb eql lunorre olur 3upp1 ,(q sauo8elec uleur aeJIO
olur pepr^Ip eq uer lueueliles eq1;o ,fte11od eqJ.
,(.ra1od aqa
'ecelderg

866I
n(IVlIupueIBA

'o/o97'87,

Surl; eql

.e1sed ,(1r1enb

u8ledurec
drcc '(o51y) 'tls$ leeqs :Sur,ttolloJ eql
-s1
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ernl'Iuls
petlnser
uro+
eql

.-tVITIfl

's1ods peqsrlod 8ur'rraserd 'uo11oq

,(1uo 'euqoqreq dq para',roc eseJJns
Pue uru eql punoJB
,afno aotoa arp Suyreq tarramoq 'urarp ;o lsotu
"(u1c
peqsrtodlo re,fu1tr.np e pellclde sea qolg L uo saldures
eru eJeqI ',(puereS;rP peleeq su,tl' slessea eID Jo ecqms
,q1 *,i-guoaord elqepea q sfieqs pue re]]eu ple8ea
'silerd pepunod eruelsqns Sursear8ap su 8qu1e1uoc

se,n

suorsnlcuoc ,fueururlard eql

'

aql

'SurcnPer Pue EurstPrxo

equec,ft41odeql

poqlalu uollB^Brxfl
'elrsserrr e Pnorqoq uerilJoN
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luaruecllelpe eql Jo esneceq sJeeddesrp dpeeu ^\opeeur
JeaIJ erl] e}Is cr-qlqoeN ew uro4 JeJ lou 1BID Sutuoqueru
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eq;
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ITSSTOIC.NVIOtr .fO INflI Ifl'I.LIflS

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flTII'Y

Chapter

VIII

Si

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

1I

of the D
settleme

and

in I

settleme

vur.1.

terrace very close to Movila Berzei from which it -i

separated by a valley to the wesl
The stratigraphy of the settlement is the follou'i:.g

BRaTLTTA

Site llescription

It is a district of the city of Brdila.

The
mchaeological site lies on a spur of the Danube's terace,
near the Catagalei ford (one of the three natural fords
going down to the Danube). The terrace spur advances
into the Danube river meadorv, as it is sunounded by
the pond which is renewed each yem by the river floods.
To the east of the settlernent, about one kilometre away
there is the "Insula Mare a Brdilei" ("Big lsland of
Brdila") (the former Pond of Brdila) and about flve
kilometres away one can see the M5cin Mountains.
The Neolithic settlement has the following
stratigraphy:
a.

At

the basis of the archaeological depositions

lies the Boian cultural layer - the Giulegti phase;

b. The Boian-Giulegti cultural layeris overlapped
by the one belonging to the Gumelnila culture - phase
A2. The Gumelni[a cultural layer is made up of two
layers, bothbelonging to phase A2;

c. The settlement is overlapped (and partially

of

damaged) by the necropolis dating from the period

ffansition from the Eneolithic to the Bronze Age.

The settlement of Boian-Giulegti lacks

fortification and is made up of earth houses lying at large

distances from one another and forming a row along the
edge of the terrace. The lmgest pmt of the settlement of
Boian has been destroyed by the activity of two
brickyards. Consequently the mchaeological researches
saved the remains.

The archaeological researches have been

undertaken by Nicolae Hm{uche and Florian Anastasiu
(the team was joined for a short time by I. T. Dragomir

andLiviu Mihdilescu).
St5nicdPANDREA

YIII.2. GALATUI- "Movila Berzei"

Site Description
The archaeological site is situated nearby the
cofilmune of Alexandru Odobescu, at the end of the
bridge towards Bogatq over the Geldfui Lake, on a high
66

a. The first layer belongs to the Bolintinea:'-

In close
old river

T:

followin
a-

- the Vir

communities (the oldest stage marked by stror.:

Dudegti-Cemica influences). TWo earthhouses have be=
under scrutiny.
b. The second layer of archaeological culture ,r
marked by two Boian layers. The first Boian layer tf
1) overlaps a grey earth layer, archaeologically sten-:
(II) which in its tum overlaps the Bolintineanu layer.
In this layer have been uncovered more dwellin-:.
of the earth house and hut types.
The second Boian layer (III 2) is characterised b-"
the existence of many dwellings. Thus surface dwellirgi"
huts and earth houses have been discovered.
The most important construction is the "sanctua-'

b.

culture i
theuppe
to the G

c.

the Gun

d
culture

T
that use
inhabitr
During

of considerable sizes - 8 x 10 m -, situa=:

rectangt

north-southwards. The construction has round windor i

and walls of massive adobe bearing traces of white ar.:

two rou

house"

red painting. The entire construction was built on -:

abode platform and transversally disposed bean:s
east-westwards.
Inside were more square or rectangular benches"

T
excavat
Mircea
Petrescr

two fireplaces with 0,20 - 0,25 m high chimes ar:

approximately in the middle of the precinct a squ:-pier. Besides the pieces of furniture, an important amou:.
of richly decorated vessels was discovered.

The settlement of Boian is delimited to l:-:

west-north-west by a ritual ditch, -0,75 m in depth a: ranging between 1,10 - 1,35 m in breadth.

P
sdpdturt

Chronology:

Typologically, the materials of the first layer

belong to the first half of the 56 millennium B.C. Ti.:

pottery of the first Boian layer (III1) can be dated to '::
end of the 5m millennium B.C., while the one of the l-.:
Boian layer (III 2) to the end of the 56 millennium :::
the beginning of the 4m millennium B.C.
From the point of view of the relative chronolo*r:'
the Bolintineanu layer (I) and the first Boian layer ,I
1) belong to the late Neolithic, and the last Boian lar::
(III 2) dates from the Eneolithic Age (a chronolc_;.
proposed by Vladimir Dumitrescu).

T
west

of

southol
coillmu
settlemr

ponds.

northwi

Elena L
Since

1!

intense
Marian NEAG-

i.dentifir

L9

p sra{q \Sapl}'uDtog
-oamprD

aql ut lDrrzlout

lm8oP{qlqr|
aqt uo t?n$ fuoulunard'666I '1'npeg
ISerpIp

J'sgoda11 pcrSoloeeqcrY

Jo uorsses IeuorleN aqa'ToualDW r!A1!7 aql

3u1s(1ouy .,'yryns,, - Da))DSI'866I ''D 'PUeH

'ISBTPIPS'spoda11 pcfoloeeqcrv Jo uorsses

eqa'uSlodtrto)
puolleN
L66I n'ltnlns,, ' Danosl lD
r s tp ( atry1nc 4 3 a 1ry2"uo ro g all ) mmD I clt1lnoa N
pa D
^o
atfi uo {pn1g {toutrulPrd'866I ''V 'ncseSplpg
'(rquil uI) Ig sequod '(u?roduoc
'oaccos1{o
luaruallpsaLUu fuago1
,U6y aW) ,,toqns,,

alnilnJ o8uounl1 aqJ ''S'ncu/rl ''3 'ncUAI

'(rqud q) mx mned' YodaY tuou1uqatl
'166t ,,lDqns,, - DaJ)DSI ''S 'ncUAI ''3 'nc1lr'{

1nISeA'spodeg PcrSoloeeqcrY
eqa'yodat fuouyat1aq '1667

Jo uorsses IeuorleN
- ,,loqnt,, - DaJJDSI'666I ''S tncl6
acra6'oac1n1{o fiunoc

Jlr.llnoaN ll.aN V

aqt

{o {to\rttal

''3

'ncUAI

'IZ'dd'IX

plnoqs eug 'se8els o^l1 seq euo re^\ol eql pue Pegpuepl
sre,(u1 o/lu i(ou p1u6 ',(urlnJrs esuelul
ua"q

"onq
Jeptm usaq sBr{ lualllalDes erfl Jo euoz }sua eq} L66I $uts
?aJB aql rq rlrJeesal ecqJns e 3ur,vro11o3: gafilzq'Ieuelg

,(q peipu3rs ere^r slerreleur cFIlrIoeN lsr1; aq.L

'spJelllwJou
-qlnos edols mols s uI ulrop sao8 punor8 aq-1, 'spuod

ereuel rrrol ,(1e,r11e1er B uo lueruel$es

eJnlnJ slr punoJ ol esoqc eJaI{ panles ,Qrununuoc
cI+IIoeN aql 'eqnueq eq] Jo esJnoc lueserd atp 3o qlnos
ur{ I lnoqe '(dlunoc eec1ntr) BeJc?sI Jo lrlr\o} sql Jo lse^tr

JoAIJ eql dqreeu

-quou eql o1pelerqls sI 6.leqns,, PoIIeo eceld

eql

uopdFcsag

4115

r,lBrltrS:r'
.I

- gg'd'y5g,rg pode a',tofi7'pn [' m4lD

otdnso yodoy 'El6I

o7

ap y mrydps

''Vlg 'efuroqurgq-noserled

:saJuaraJoll

aLfi uo wawaUPS

' )tualsaq ''g

YflJJYSI'?'IIIA

JINUVd uquele^

'pcrnzpl

:seJueleJou
'ueryuePun eJelr selpnls

uI
lecrSololuerurpes pue lecrSoloe8 osie 866I
uorssncred pmq erp
pesn
enbruqrel
uo
aW
clqlq
1sueleru

qlra pereduroc se slool Jo Jeqrunu

'd11ucr?olouqcel pue ,(11ecr3o1od,$

pue secerd q3noJ erfl

r{8F{ e sr

areql

qloq pes,(1Bue ueeg seq Ieueleur ,rurr,

"r,

.n"*

eIO Jo lsoru Su11eu 'satceds qsg Jo

mol eqeq elp se IIe^r se seuru prIB saceld 3r1n1sg eql Ua^A'
/t\ou{ o} pesn ..lBqns,, - serctssl Jo luouel}les eIfl ulo+
sal1runuruoc r13e1n1g-uelog eql Jo sraqsg eql ]util ]ceJ

erp Jo

{to}s qsIJ

erp pezrseqdue,(pnls pcfolo,(qlqcl-oeeqoJe

at1l
'Qtosz)

supureJ 4oID sB IIe^r se erueS 3o selcads Jo Jequrnu

q8lq e sr eJerf,L 's8rd pue sleo8 'deeqs Jo Jequrnu IIeJaAo
eqt ssudrns pegpuepl supurer 3op eql 'seul^oqJo lew
,fiuptu '(obSL) spelard sleurlue cllsoluop 3o Supearq
eql leql pezrseqdure ,tprus pcrSoloozoesqce

'(OfOt - 696I) eSuro3 ua8ng pue eipoqurgq ntse.Bed

eecrll4l 'Vy6I - En61| eir,roqurgq ncse4od eecrltr [
'(tZ6I - gz6i rolseN uol :Jo dn apeu se^t, suolleaecxe

eql {ootJepun oq,rl slsrlerceds Jo uree} eql

1ueurel$as eW Jo srxe 8tq eqt Suop s,tor o'vr1
,(leleunxordde 8rmruo; s8urye,tp eceJms mln8ueper
eq1 Surrng
Jo suprueJ peJelocun eJeA{' suol}eletxo
pellqequl
pue
aceds
'ecerrel SuunoqqEleu q81q aqt
eql ueealeq eeJJ uel ealu aql uI esolc 01 pesn 1eqtr
qqlp o^IsueJap e ,(q pouluoJ sI luetuelues eql
'eBY ezuorg eql uro{ re,(e1 ernlPc
?uIID e ,{q peddepe,ro sr re,(ul eirqeurng et1l 'p
leseqd ZV eipleurn5l erp
o1 8ur8uo1aq re,fu1

pre8er lerceds e qll/t\ serpnls ,(reurldrcsrprelur

Jo eruruerSord e un8eq seq L66I uI
o1

"aJnllnc er8uuurell

erll Jo eseqd pr.np eqt ol Eur8uoleq s1ueurEerg ,{renod

pue slessea ,{uuru punoJ: ere,n Suqlemp e$ uI 'em1{n3

uelog er$ Jo eseqd pSe1n19 arp ol s3uoleq ]ueurallles
oql leql sleeaeJ lunorue e8rul reqtur e ur ',fte11od eqa
'seJnpn4s eseqtrJo uoqrsodap dnor8 e s,(eldsrp 1ra.{e1
,(ilepred pal{cr?aser ueeq e^eq samlcn4s lq8rg
'elp elg Jo uoqnloae eJrlue eql lueserder
plnoc perc^ocun sradel aq1 lueurelues aq1;o e3pe eql te
eperrr suoqces eql ol enp 1eq1 srsatpod,(q eql {oolJeao lou

',
lerqlnc eq] s^r'oIIoJ ererf,L
laseqd 1y efruleurng eql

uerog eql o] Sur8uoleq

.re,{e1 1ern11nc

eI{J 'q

ieseqd erPIA eIA -

ernllnc uerog

eq1 o1

Sq8uoleq re,ft1 pmllnc et1l

:Bwno11o1:

arfl ere luelllalues eql Jo elep pcrqderSqe4s eql

'peq ro^u plo
sece4 eql ees Ircc euo IIel eql3o ,(lrutcrrr esols IrI
rre
Jo

rrrroJteld eqr go e8pe aqt 'ecerrel aq1 ol luerueplas

eql uroq sessed euo qclqi( q8norql eare eID ur pue
sedols deqs.(qsopls eoJqt lro.T paptmouns sltrueureplas
'ae.S sr

cF{rIoaN eqI 1soJel{cng Jeau tarru eiuroqurgq eIil Jo

eceua1 r{8H arp uo seg eUIID Jo luetuel$es oIf,L
uopd;.tcsog elgg

YNI'IC'E'IIIA

r-

01

Sur8uoleq luualeur pcrsoloaer{cJe rm q1r,t ged raddn-eqt

le pexrur redel poog e ,(q,(pcenp peddelre,ro sr oJn{nt

erll

'suopelJesqo pIeIJ erg Srmelduroc

.H:

;,
'

-i

:--

Isaccea

"Suhat" (county of Tulcea), The National

Session of Archaeological Reports, Vaslui.

Cristian MICU

v[I.5.

Site Description

3. LI$COTEANCA -"Movila dinBaltI"

The settlement lies on an erosion witness in :n:
middle of theLigcoteancaPond. This settlementis ah:'-:

The Ligcoteanca village is situated on tlre Cehnltui

1 lun north-west of the settlement of Liqcoteanca

Olarului",'Mog-Filon", "Safiloieni" and'Movila din

Balt5". The settlement of Ligcoteanca - 'Mog Filon"
has two layers, bothbelonging to the Gumelnila culture

A1 andA2), while in the other settlements were

uncovered the Boian-Giuleqti layers overlapped by
Gumelnita layers.
@hases

LISCOTEANCA - "Mo$Filon"
The settlement is situated at the end of the
Ligcoteanca village, on a terrace spur advancing into
the Ligcoteanca Pond- The spur is surrounded by the
pond waters which me lrriodically renewed by the floods
of the CIlmdgui.
1.

The stratigraphy of the settlement is the following:

a. The lower layer belongs to the Boian-Giulegti
phase;

b. The Boian layer is overlapped directly by the

Gumelniga layer made up of two layers belonging to

A1 and A2;
c. The Gumelnifa A2layer is perforated by two
tomb pits from the Bronze Age, by Sarmatian tombs
and tombs of nomadic riders (10h century AD).
The settlement of Boian lacks fortification and is
made up of earth houses lying at a distance from one
another on the entire surface of the terrace spur.

phases

The mchaeological excavations were undertaken

by Nicoiae Harfuche, Florian Anastasiu and Valeriu
S6rbu.

LI$COTEANCA - 6'Satnoieni"
The settlement lies to the south-east of
Ligcoteanca, on the territory of the small village of
Satnoieni and was identified on the terrace spur
2.

advancing into the Celmdfui river meadow. The terrace

spur is surrounded by the Ligcoteanca PondThe stratigraphy of the settlement is the following:
a. Atthebasis of the archaeological depositions a

Boian-Giulegti layer was identified;

b. The Boian-Giulegti layer is overlapped by an
archaeological layer belonging to the Gumelnila A1

68

bemadt
elemenl

best

the

tribes
LISCOTEANCA

terrace around a former pond (the Ligcoteanca Pond),

drained n 1972, when the Cdlmdtui was dammed up.
Around the Liqcoteanca village were identified
and researched many Neolithic settlements, at'Movila

phase.

The settlement of Boian-Giulegti lacks for:fication and is made up of earth houses and pits.
The archaeolo gical excavation s were un dertak::
by I. T. Dragomir.

t'Satnoieni".

Danubir

(
Tdrnovr

The stratigraphy of the settlement is the follon'L-g

a At the basis of the cultural layer there is a Boir-

Necropr

Consta

Giulegti layer;
b. The Boian-Giulegti layer is overlapped direc-y
by the Gumelnila cultural layer, made up of two lal rs
belonging to the Gumelnila A1 and A2 phases;
c. The Gumelnila cultural layer is perforated r-:
tombs from the Bronze Age and by Sarmatian tombsThe settlement of Boian-Giulegti lacks
fortification and is made up of earth houses and surfa;:
dwellings lying at a distance from one another. Als:

garbage pits were found. The excavations q e:r

undertaken by a team made up of Nicolae HargucL-*^
Florian Anastasiu and Valeriu Sdrbu.
StdniciPANDREf,

into tht
GuraIe
geogral

kmsout
The set
renewel

VIII.

6. SARICHIOf

- "La Bursuci"

Site Description
The Eneolithic settlement of Sarichioi
commune of Smichioi, Ttrlcea county) is placed

(fu

ata-t

Bursuci" point, about 2,5 hn away in a straight lia

from the south end of the village. In the local toponp!
the denomination "La Bursuci" means the end of th
peninsular zone stretching between the Razim aI
Babadag lakes. The end of this half-island looks likee
promontory being ratherhigh (12 m). Sections I mdl
openedin 1978 covered a surface ofabout 115 sq.m-L

the mea under study the archaeological depositions c

not very thick, measuring 1,20 - 1,40 m at the md
(excepting group no. 5 of section II, which goes don

to2,70 m) andbelong to aunitary cultrually layer,

T$o layers were identified and documented c
the basis of evidence like dwellings, exterior fireplu
and garbage pits. The rather big surface dwellings stuficl
were probably half+imbered and they were not in u-

for long.
The authors of the excavations emphasized fr
the archaeological material in the settlement is madeql
of many pottery fragments, stone, antlers and silex tooh,
and adomments. The potter! was considered

chronologically and typologically,

as

unitrt

no sepmationct

culture
layer fi
Group)

fortifis
houses

dispose
another

undert:
the Mu

69
d-

E
:l

rfl-

t5:
:;n
-/l:

r":

i-E

YITUONVdPCIUPIS

'61- rL'dd

?IIPrg Jo lunesnl l elo

uro4 eerpued plryls pue nqrgs nlrals ,(q ueleuepun
ueaq aaeq suolleaecxe lecrSoloeeqcre eql

aprrerc1n1'otpr1o7 ap

'JaIDorIB

'C'ptesog
llSarncng '1 :u'ltSerncng rnlnldlclunl l
InInaznW elrrfecrlqn4 'toutturTatd ltodoy
'orpt; q ap atrnrydps ne6l'h '( 'plesog

euo urog ecrrelslp e8rel e le ecepns ep1,n B uo pesodslp

'11n 'acrSoloeqJe rJplecrec

rS

apnrydpg'I96I 'S 'z1upo141

'n

:seouereJeu

SINuVd IryuaI?A

'(eS0t) 4u.uont
ueuseqes pue Blaso6 1nqq '(gteyt%I) Etasog
nulo ,(q ue4elrepun aJea suopsaecxe eql

'Jeileru crue8ro qlurr pex.rur delc puu

el1te^r 'se1od Jo epeur ere,vr sEqlleap aql Jo slisa\ er1l
?ep1,rlp dlqeqord'sernlcnqs esepns ere sesnoq aql PIIB

uopscgluoJ s{cel erp!\-u8log

efrqeumg ew

q pars,'e

Jo 1ueulelu06

eI{L

ffi'ff;
eql qI

are sexalduroc lecr8oloeeqcJe eql 's1rd pus sesnoq

aceJms 'sasnoq I{uBe Jo dn apeur sI pue uorlecrJuroJ

s1ce1 11Se1nrD-uerog Jo luaueples

earsuaJap e 8np se,r eseqd

1y eilqeurn5l

""

saEels aeJqt qll^\ rai(e1 prnllnc efrulaurng eql ,(q

[pce.np paddelre,ro sr raz(e1?rpr1-uelog aql 'q
iaseqd erplA am{nc wrog eql ol Sq8uoleqrafel pruln, aql ?
:Sur,nogog erp sr ueuraplas eqlgo Iqdafueas eq1
..1nc do1 eql seq tI pue WpI1,\ q 0S puB
lq8raqtn stuoqleggT dlaleurxordde sltuaruapps IIq eql
TI Jo ued ruetsee u1 'eununuoc ruerqog-Iulp4s aID Jo
umEgrysl ereqt ermuruoc rSeqrio3 erp ol esolC,,
uo.qdgcsag elgg

'vuol^'8'xt

:.7
_
l-

;-

;-;
:ir
iI,
.i

T:
'n_

'slueru8er;:
d.rauod rmruoll peJeaocun ueeg Suraeq ued reddn slr ur
'seceld ureuac I4 peqJnlsry uaeq seq emllnc efrularung
eql Sur8uolaq re,(e1 lecrSoloaerlcrs eql 'c
lseseqd g pue ZV'1y eirqeumg o1 Sur8uoleq

;
::

aql

'(dnorg
ruuoprrrp1, eq1) pouad uetslluH ,(pee eqt uror; re,(e1
prnllnc e ,(q peddelre^o q puB aseqd r1Sa1nr0 - emlFc
rrelog erp ot s8uolaq tueruel$es olril11oaN eql
'spoolJ npzng pue ler1s eq] dq peaeuer
dgecrpoued'puod e ,(q pepunouns se1rr luelralllas eI{J
'sJe^Irle4s prl? nPzng eqlJo esuenuuoc elflJoqlnos uq
g pue (re,qr npzng eIfl Jo [e1p,r. rerruoJ e sreqder8oe8
,(q pereprsuoc $ teqt,(e11e,r peqerp e depo) ncuel BrnD
uro.+ uq g lnoqB sa11 1I '^\opserrr re^Ir 1e4s ew.olul
."H;XTJlfr:H
Ewcue,rpe mds ace,q ,

dpeaqe euo reqlou,

ii

..cuuoJ,r

-VSISI11S

'l 'IIIA

n3IhI uBllslrc
Lg-99'dd 'eiuralsuo3
q ut a?y cngn oa p aqJ' L66I'A'$]oSeH
'OL-69 'dd'eeper6 'eppeleyg 'tonlcrtog {o srlodonaTl
aqtpuo uauafips rltlllpaN aqJ'6L6I ''1 'nueerrotugl
- JepuglJaqo ''g 'nuearrourgl - JepuglJaqg

'

o fpnotqo

'aceds cpuod-trerqnueq

eql ulqll,1d eseqd lsel eql o1 8ur3uo1eq seqru

uelog er$ Jo uorle4eued eW Jo uoueuroueqd eIil Neq
ew slseDe loHclres Jo luauelues eqtr /Y\ou plull
'seuo efrqeumg dlme aqg pue slueruele
uerog pcr&(1eql uee,t$eq'sre,(e1 o1 Sutprocce 'epeu eq

Chapter IX

H=95r
inv.

THE CATALOGUE OF THE EXHIBITION

133

prolong
organ. I
Buchart
I

fragmer
marked
1. Anthropomorphic statuette. Clay. Representing
a female, wearing a cloilr, with the hands stretched laterally,
with triangular shape head. The breasts are marked by two
oval knobs. The base of the statuette is flat and widens at the
lower part. The burnish on the surface of the piece retains
traces of evening at the lower part. H = 57 mm. Found at
Cunegti. The Museum of the Lower Danube Cd.ltrragi, inv.
9140.
2. Anthropomorphic statuette 6Tenus of Potcoava',.

Clay. The outer surface of the piece is covered by burnish

which is dec orated with incised lines intersecting in an angle.
The nose is shaped like a bird beak, the mouth is marked by
a slighthollow, and the eyes by two fine incisions. The female
holds out her hands laterally, and two knobs represent the
breasts. The lower part of the piece, broken long ago,
represents a bell-shaped dress. D = 50 mm, H = 100 mm, W
= 45 mm. Found at Potcoaya. The Museum of the Lower
Danube Cildragi, inv. 1020.
3. Anthmpomorphic protome. Triangular shape with

rounded corners and the rirn marked by a continuous row of

excised triangles, filled with white paste. The eyes are

rendered by two rnarked incisions, slightly obliquely

disposed, on both sides of the nose depicted by a strong knob
of the bird bec type. The lower part of the nose has an oblique
incision. The mouth is rendered by a vertical deep incision.
The modelling was made in relief, having as foundation a
pebble, on which was applied a 2 - 3 mm wide slip, then a
very fine burnish, with strong traces of polishing. The piece
has a reddish brown colour, and the clay used was chosen

very well. H = 85 mm, W = 80 mm. Found at Gdllgui"Movila Berzei". The Museum of the Lower Danube
Cildragi, nv. 9229. O4.N.)
4. Anthropomorphic statuette. Clay. With incised
decoration. Found at Chitila "Fermf,". The Bucharest
Municipal Museum, inv. 2.
5. Anthropomorphic flgurine. Clay. H = 120 mm.
Found at Grldi$tea Coslogeni. The Museum of the Lower
Danube Ciliragi, inv. 9165. (M.N.)
6. Anthropomorphic figurine, female. Clay. H = 139
mn1 W = 63 mm. Found atGrldigtea Coslogeni, theMuseum

of the Lower Danube Ctrltrragi, inv. 9165. O4.N.)

7. Anthropomorphic figurine. Clay. H = 71 mm, W
= 32 mm. Found at Vidra. The National History Museum of
Romania, lrrv.32458.
8. Anthropomorphic figurine. Clay. F ound at Vidra.
The BucharestMunicipal Museum, inv. 3. (D.V.R.)
70

9. Anthropomorphie figurine, fragmentary. (Ir1r,

L = 108 mm, H = 170 mrn. Found at Ligcoteanca. IL
Museum of Brtrila, inv. 13875. (S.P.)

rectang.
H= 25
Bucharr

10. Anthropomorphic figurine. Clay. H = 64 q.

W = 60 mm. Found at Oltenita. The Oltenila Museum d
Archaeology, inv. 2368. (D.S.)

fragmet

L1. Anthropomorphic figurine, fragmentary. Chlr

H = 65 mm. Found at Li$coteanca. The Museum of Brli\
inv. 13373. (S.P.)

there is

12. Anthropomorphic figurine, fragmentary. Oryr

H = 65 mm. Found at Ligcoteanca. The Museum of Brlil*

inv. 13374.

betweet
arms ar

lines.

173030

(S.P.)

L3. Anthropomorphic figurine, fragment. Clay- f,

= 50 mm. Found at Ligcoteanca. The Museum of Brlil+
inv. 13375. (S.P.)
14. Anthropomorphic statuette, fragmentary. Clry,
Sitting position. The eyes are marked by cuts and the nc
by a knob. On the backside one can observe the buttoch
that suggest steatopygia. Burned to black, partly polishot
H = 35 mm,'W = 19 mm. Found at Chitila "Fermd.". IL
Bucharest Municipality Museum. (V.B.)
15. Anthropomorphic statuette . Clay. Representir6

a pregnant wornan, with prominent buttocks and fusifoa

legs. The chest of the piece is flat and the head missing. Ih
belly has a knob, and it could have had rudiments of am
The surface is covered by a white burnish. Grey coloru. II=

Chitila

under

there

at

joinedl

tlrere ar
paste.

mm. F
Museur

presen

missin;
backsir

=45t

Bucha

TL

Decon

L6. Zoomorphic figurine. Clay. Excised decorarfur

manne
at Chir

41 mm, W

18 mm. Found at Chitila "Fermi".

Bucharest Municipality Museum, inv. 1 73 03 3. (V.B.)

with white incrustations. The Oltenifa Museum oI

from

17301

Archaeology. (D.S.)

lT.Ithyphallic idol. Bone. Round shaped head, wil

a cylindricalshaped body, and with a phallic end. H = il
mm. Found at Sultana. The OltenifaMuseum of Archaeolq6gg
inv. 12970. (D.S.)
Ithyphallic idol. Bone. Round shaped head wil
a cylindrical shaped body, and with a phallic end. H = I

Decori
paste.

Chitilr

13822

18.

mm. Found at Sultana. The OltenilaMuseum of Archaeolo6l

inv. 12972. (D.S.)
19. Anthropomorphic figurine. Bone.

Round$4rl

head and cylindrical shaped body. D = 27 mm, H = 79

q.

Found at Sultana. The Oltenila Museum of Archaeolqgl

inv. 12971. (D.S.)
20. Anthropomorphic

figurine.

Clay. Found

atGlir.

The National History Museum of Romania, lrrv. 15822.

Decor

which

side tl

horizt
the u1

with

W=6

Muset

IL
.OZOefI 'aul,umasnl
I
'ruur
'..?uueC,,
plmoC
eql
1"
lsoJ?rlcng
lcdrcnmpq
"lpIIIJ
',(.rrluaur8u.r3
'snllBqd '8
0Z C. 'unu gg = 1 .(t13

(.Ad

(gD

'ZgOgfI 'AuI 'umosnl I1zdrcrtm1,r1 lsorullcng

OILL '(.?rrueC,,
1" punoC 'uml ?g = tY[ 'Iutu 8e = H

"IIIIIJ pluozlJor{ epF

'gatcldep erz suorslcq

l"relq eqt uO 'suolslcut

peuSrsep
eqt ug 's;pout reynEuu
,(g8nor
ruru
eru
eJerp
I"cIuoA
eJE

lsoqc erp sopr^Ip 0u{

'urJp Uel eql Sutjueserder gud eqr sr pearesard

ererll epls JeIpIe uo pIrE 'o,t1

I?cpJea

o1u1

'alpqup cgqd.rouodorqluY 'l,g

(. gn)'0tOgf 1',ru1'umesn1A1
'..?urroC,,
erlJ.
l3 punoC
lsoJrrlcng
lzdrcrunpq
"IIlIqO ealssoccns
'wt$zz= d['urur 9, = fl 'suorsseJdurl pluozyoq
o/$1 eJB ererp 's>Jco11nq eql e,roqt '>1ctq arD tro 'Jeuu?Iu

lueurEzq

eq1

du13

pegqduns ? uI poJopueJ sI tuJu tqEu eqa 's1z4ds erour

lrrot eru eJerll 's{coilnq eql uo 'epls{c"q eql uo egqat 's1e4ds

Jo dn epeur sI uoll?Jocep ,{11eq eq1 'Eurssrur eJ? dceu

puu p"erl orIJ '.{213 'a11anpp c.tqd.rouodoJqluY '9rg
o/'r1

(' g D' g gZg gI'AuItunosnl I ledrcrunlAl lser?qcng

'..?IuJeC,,
13 punod 'urul 0 = d[ 'uru 0,
"IpIIIJ
'qou{
? dq asou erD pIrB 'suolslcrry .r(q
= 'mo{oc peJ-{crJg
pe$BuraJ? sefe eq1 "e1Euur4 pnxes eql Eumuquoc'uo1s1cu1

sIlI

purpntfuol u [q petprllep er? s8ey eql ';1lour relnEuu

uu qll/'r pel"rocep s1 f11eq eqt ;o pud re^rol erf,L 'uoll1sod
Eur.11gs u uI '/t?lJ 'e11en;e1s rgqd.rouodorqluY'SE
( A' N' AV 71;V1'au1'umesnl1 prhcrtmyrg
'.#ruJeC.
erf,L
1? punoC '79 - 11 'urur
trseJBrlcng
"lpltlJ
'Eqssr-ur
'moloc
peJ-{crJ8
sr Ee1 eqt ;o gud remol
,s = II
eql 'qou{ u fq esou eql puu 'uoFIcuI uu fq peryzut oJ? sei(e
eq1 'f11eq eql uo Jllour rulnEue w rpll'r pet"rocep 'uor11sod
trryr1s z q'[?lC 'a$an1u1s cgqdrourodo.Itguv'?
('gD "f tOgf I '^uI 'urnosnl I lzdrcnmlrl lser?rlcng
'..!urJed,,
erIJ
t" punod 't \1r EZ - 41 'urur 66

"lIlIr{J
H 'Jnoloc peJ-{crJg 'urenzd FalncnceJd

eq1 o1

tqplocce

peropuor oru s{cornq eqll's8e1 eqr go eurl Eurprudes oql q{^t

senlrpuoc qcl[r \ rfiqpreJlo e18uur4 erp sI orarD ,(11eq eqt u6r

'[u13,ftr1uetutzr;: 6aganlup cgd.rouodoJqluv'gt

( g' N' tZOt,tl',tut'urnesn;41
'.3?rrueC,,
?IIITIIJ l" ptmod 'ruru
orf,L
ludrcrtmyAl tseJ?r{cng
'sEe1 er0
'Jnoloc
ferg
trrw
Lt = fi
Jo eql Euttsrudes
0 = At
eql qll,ll senulluoc qclqa dlrplrey go e18uzp1 eql uees
eq IIIIs uuc f11aq erp uO 'turssrur s1 eceld erp;o ;1q reddn
ortr1'r(r13'ol?rueJ'a11anpp cgqd.rourodo.rrpuv'Zg
( A' N' VZOetl'aur'runesnlAl pdrcrrmry

1? punod 'umr 0s = H
lsoJ"rlcng aqJ '.(?rrlreJ,,
'mo1o c {e.tg' Eurss pr s1 uud "lllIrIJ
pue eqt puu prerl aql'lseqc erp Jo
red reddn erIJ 'elcr.rc lprus puu slznds Jo {ctq eql uo pu?
puu slznds go dn" apzur sr uoltuJocep ery d11eq

'selEuulcer

erp uO 'pe,rreserd s1 ecagd artl Jo JI"rI rqEy eqt Eunuaserdar

lueruturg

V ',(ulJ 'e11anlBp clqd.rourodo.rqfuy 'Ig

('gd'6ZOgf1 Lur'umosnlq

V ,(?lJ

'el"ruoJ 'e1pn;u1s cgqd.rourodo.rqluv '0

(AnJ .gZOgfl .r.u1 .runesnlAl

lrdrqrmlrl lsaJsqcng

l" ptmod'

orf,L' ..?urJed,,

erD uo 'ellrl^\ qlI/,N pelllJ sJllou rueuq uudap qclll(r

ruor; uolslcq elduns qtl,$ uarz trulqnd eql Iq pel?Joca(
" cgqdrourodoJtpuy '62
'{u13 'eyuure; sapenlup

{c"q

('sa.)'szzget

rur

pdrcrunry lseJeqcng erLL '..?r.ueg,, ?lllTrlJ

}? punog'urul 0? = 76'uru st = H'Jnoloc per-1cug'o1szd
'urnesn141

o{rl/$qtllrr fnlsrucul puu paslcul sJnour Iz4ds q4,npeprocaq

du13',fue1ueurErr;: 6apan;ep cgqd.rourodo.rqruy'82

(szr)'gtosrt
pdrcrtmlAl tseJ"Ilcng erIJ '..?urJad,,
1"
"lp[t{J
punoC 'rlxrt LZ - dt'uIuI rS - H'Jnoloc uaoJq {JeO 'Jouu?ur
per;uduns ? uI peJepueJ sI uu? eq1, 'eculd ot aceld urorJ
'au1 'umasn141

pollop puu lczqpuu [11a9 erp uo s;uoru lur.ds rDI^t' pe$roJaq

[zy3',fue1ueruEzry 6a1pn1u6 c.tqdrourodolqluy'46
('

91)'umesnpi ytdrcrtmry lserer{cng

eqJ, '..Iuuag,, ?IIIIIIJ l? punoJ 'urul 0Z = lY[ 'IuuI 9, =

H'moloc t(arE ryuq 'pesrstqdura er? s{counq aql epls{c"q
oql uO 'tueru?ruo rulnEurg4 sI ererll fl1eq eqt
"
er? leeJ pu? p"eq oql 'ecerd eql Jo JI"rI UeI aql

lueufrr; eq1

.,(213'

ug 'Eqsspr
s1

pearesard

apanluls cgqdrourodorlltuy'92

pdrcrtmry tseJur{cng

oql

(.AD .i .auT,umesnl I
l" punoC 'ruru

'(?rrueC,, ?I$II[J

\{.'urur 19 = 11 'mo1ocf,erD'Sqssrurslpmqeql'etstd
elrq^\ rpr^\ polstucul s?^r uolpJotop eql 'slzrds or'! oJu eJorlt
's1co11nq eq1 uo 'epF{c"q orp uO 'uorsrolrl J?ew1 e ,(q peurof
eJ? leoJ oql lsuogslcw reeuq ,tq peurur; slz.nds o/trl eJe oJeql
eerr uulqnd oql uI pup 'olEu"Irl ? sI eJerp 'slsterq oID Jeptm
lsar1c eq1 ug',(213' e11anpp clqdrouodo.rqluv'SZ

lz=

('sd'ososrt
'runesnl,rg pdrcrunlAl lseJ?r{cng eqJ, '..}uued,, BIplqC
1? prmoJ 'urur 97 = 76'ruur se = H '{c"lq 01 llf,mg 'saql
1ue1s pasrcur (q peJepJoq uop"Jocop IqruoqJ oures orp sI eJer[
epls{c"q eW uO 'rerru?ru par;lduns ? ru perepueJ eJ? srrrJ?
er1l 'rquroqrpesodsp flpcluo^ o,ut eJu ororll qcII \ uee^$eq
sls?oJq eqt Eurrueq gud epprur eID s[ pelJaserd lueurEzlgi

'lu1

eq1'[e13'1ueurEz4:'apaq4s rlqd.rcurodorqluy'77
(' S

,1)'

gO

gf 1',ru1'umasn141 ludrcrunlq lsoruqcng

'((]rrrJec,, ?lpIIIJ 1" ptmod 'urur ?6 = 7y; 'urur 9z = H

'rnoloc ferE lreq 'Eur.1s z s[ eJerg ruJu lqEu eqt u6l 'alEuplcer

erll

pellop u ,(q pelzJ"des pu? sqou{ I"^o o,n1 Iq po{r?ru

eJ? sls?oJq erp

qcII \ uo trsoqc orp s[ pe^Josard

lueurEzr;

oq1 [r13'luoruEurj:'a1pn1qs clqd.rourodorqluy'gg

CC'A) 'ggEq'Aur 'umesnl I pdrcrtmpqlser?qcnfl

aql '"cllue3 1" plmoc

'uJI.rr

zz =

'urur 97 =

'ue8ro

I?nxes eFru pesgi$s z tqluaserder eycrmped r dq paEuolord

eql '..pur,reC.
l? prmod 'ruru
"lplrl3
gg
puu
qll1lr
pel"rocop
rBou{
?l = r\\'urur = fl'sJDoru l?4ds
s1 pud Ja^rol oqJ 'suolsserdun J?an{ Jo ,uor z dq pelzredes

pueq pedrqs-Eurr

sr oprs {c?q eqJ 'sJltoru pedrqs-2 puz lzrrds qtr,rr r(11eq

oql uo peproco( 'uud lqfF eql;o lueur8eq 1uqpnt18uo1

'[u13',fuuluaurtrr; 6augn8g cgqd.rouodo.tqruy'IZ

pd1cpm1r1 lser?rlcng

Z9 =

"IlIqJ
'urur 88 = 11 'peqsqod s1 eceld eq;, 'selEuu puu s1u4ds tpprr
pelErryu spp ql1,tr sJllour ruln8uela eru ererll ged reddn erp
erp uI sJlrorr r?eql l"tuozlrorl
uI reey puu sEel erp Jo
"or?
puu pnds rpr^r, pol"Jocap s{coilnq lueuurord oJ? oJerp epls

'ouog 'Iop! c;1pqd,{q11 'gg

(a's)'Steet ''tul
gf = fl

'?lIIJg Jo runesntr I aqJ'?crmetocSrl tz punoJ 'urur

:l:i,

39. Anthmpomorphic statuette. Clay. The fragment

preserved is a part of the leg, with an incised ring-shaped
decoration. On the back side there is the incision separating
the legs and apart of the linear decoration. Dark grey colour.
H = 35 mrn, W = 25 mm. Found at Chitila "Fermd.". The
Bucharest Municipal Museum, inv. 173021. (V.B.)

50. Small cult table. Clay. Parallelepiped-shapd

four legs decorated with incisions. On the exterior excisd
decoration. The rim is decorated with excised triangleg d
the lateral sides with joined geometrical spirals. Dark brolr
colour. L = 330 mm, 'W = 21 mm, H = 80 mm. Found I
LiEcoteanca - 'Movila din Baltd.". The Museum of Briih,

40. Anthropomorphic statuette. Clay. The fragment

preserved is a leg of the statuette, decorated with vertical
linear motifs. Dark grey colour. H = 33 mm, L = 24 mm.

nv.13371.

Found at Chitila "Ferm[". The Bucharest Municipal

Museum, inv. 173022. (V.B.)
41. Conical goblet. Clay. Slip polished on the exterioq
channelling on the neck. D of the mouth = 104 mm, H = 105
mm. Found at Brdilifa. The Museum of Brtrila, inv. 5984.
Unpublished. (N.H.)

42. Biconical goblet. Clay. Slip polished on the

interior and exterior. The neck and body are decorated with
horizontal chaanelling, and the shoulder with channelled
spirals. Brick-red colour.

D of the mouth = 96 mm, H = 61

mm. Found at Siligtea - "Conac". The Museum of Brflila,

inv. 14803. (S.P.)

register

middle

il

0{.H.)

47. Biconical vessel. Clay. Rightrir4 polistred slip. The

shoulder is decorated wilt ztgzag channelling, outlined by
incised lines. Black colour. D of the mouth = 82 mnu H = 71
mm. Found at BrXiliga. The Museum of Brdila, inv. 59 8 1. (N.H.)

48. Conical goblet. Clay. Fallen slip. In rhe area of

the rim two perforations are disposed opposite one another.
Burnt to black. D of the mouth = 50 mm, II = 69 mm. Found
at Ligcoteanca - 'Mog Filon". The Museum of BrLila, inv.
LZl90. Unpublished. (S.P.)
49. Small vessel . Clay. Decorated with bands of lines
incised on the body and bottom. The bottom bears a solar
cross-wisemotif. Brick-redcolour. D of themouth= 46mm,

H = 37 mm. Ligcoteanca - 'Mog Filon". The Museum of

Brtrila, lrlrv. 14248. Unpublished. (S.P.)
72

alternat
colour.

51A. Conical goblet. Clay. Fallen slip. Brown colm.

D of the mouth = 93 mm, H = 101 mm. Found at BrdiliF
The Museum of Brdila, inv. 5985. Unpublished. (N.H.)

Ligcoter

52. Sun diat. Clay. D = 113 mm. Found atligcoteauca

of lines

- 'IVIo$ Filon". The Museum of Brd.ila. (S.P.)

53. Pot. Clay. Polished slip. Three register decoratirrr
at the upper and lower parts horizontal channelling, and il
the middle joined geometrical spirals. Dark brown colour. D
of the mouth = 138 mm, H = 130 mm. Found at Ligcoteance
- "Mo$ Filon". The Museum of Brlila, inv. 1,2365-

Br[ila, inv. 12879. (S.P.)

55.Essence burner. Clay. Darkbrown colour. D of
the mouth = 65 mm, H = 103 mm. Found at Liqcoteanca "Mog Filon". The Museum of Brtrila, inv. 13877.

decoration on the body, incised bands, and rows of

51. Conical goblet. Clay. Folished slip. Brick-red

44. Biconical vessel. Clay. Smooth slip. The rim and

shoulder are decorated with incised parallel circular lines.
On the body there are bands of lines di sp osed in joined spirals,
with tangents at the spirals. Dark brown colour. D of the
mouth = 129 mm,H = 111 mm. Found at Siligtea - "Conac".
The Museum of Brlila, inv. 15001. (S.P.)

impressionsunder therim. Darkbrown colour. D of themouth

= 67 mm, H = 48 mm. Found at Ligcoteanca. The Museum
of Brdila, inv. 14511. Unpublished.

The Mu

colour. D of the mouth = 109 mm, H = 110 mm. Fouud

Brdilila. The Museum of BrIila, nv. 5977. Unpublished-

54. Biconical vessel. Clay. Smooth slip on tlre interirInciseddecoration, on theneck and shoulder bands of incised
horizontal lines, and on the body joined spirals with tangeffs.

46. Bowl. Clay. Rim and bottom polished. Barbotine

of hatch
118 mm

decorati

43. Biconical goblet. Clay. Slip polished on rhe

interior and exterior. The neck and body are decorated with
horizontal channelling, and the shoulder with channelling
in the shape of fir-trees. Dark brown colour. D of the mouth
= 80 mm, H = 64 mm. Found at Tichilegti. The Museum of
Brtrila, lrlrv. L2672.

45. Biconical goblet. Clay. Polished slip. The neck

and body are decorated with horizontal channelling, and the
shoulder with hatched channelling. D of rhe mouth = 83 mm,
H = 79 mm. Formd at LigcoteancajMoq Filon". The Museum
of Brd.ila, tnv. 14245. Unpublished. (S.P.)

and bod

Unpublished. (S.P.)

Brownish red colour. D of the mouth = 178 mm, H = 149

mm. Found at Ligcoteanca - 'Mog Filon". The Museum of

Unpublished. (S.P.)

56. Essence burner. Clay. Slip on the exterior.

Decorated with horizontal channelling. Dark brown

D of the mouth= 90mm, H =

- "Mo$ Filon".

olour.

mm. Foundatligcoteanca
The Museum of Br[ila, inv. 13876.

inv.

149

(
spirals.

colour.

Baldovi

interior,
159 mn

Brlila,

is a kno

mm. Fc
Unpubl

register
motifs,

The mi
foot of

wirh wl
Vidra.
(D V.R

146

Curved

Unpublished. (S.P.)

byknot

57. Biconical vessel. Incised and excised decoratimOn the neck there is a chessboard patterned band, framed by

to an ea
coloru.
Musetu

bands of excised triangles. The shoulder and body have

excised bands in the shape of joined geometrical spirals. On
the body of the vessel there are three metopes, each bearing
a trident. Grey colour. D of the mouth = 245 larlla,H= 255
mm. Found at Ligcoteaaca -'Mog Filon". The Museum of

Brdila,

nv.l248l.
58. Conical vessel. Clay. Polished slip. Under therim

thick

incised

runninl
Found

t5395.

horizontal channelling, bordered by an incised line at the

lower part. Burnt to black. D of the mouth = 119 mm, H =
116 mm. Found at Ligcoteanca - 'Movila din Baltd.". The

a longi
Above

Museum of Brtrila, inv. 14918. Unpublished. (S.P.)

doorwa

59. Biconical vessel. Clay. On the rim and shoulda

incised bands and excised triangles. On the neck and body,
bands of zigzag excised lines. On the body metope patterned
decoration. Dark brown colour. D of the mouth = 165 mm,
H = 188 mm. Found at Brtrili1a. The Museum of Brtrila" iuv.
3183. (N.H.)

The Br

in thret
chessb,

ofcircr
On the

80. Biconical cup. Clay. Decorated under the rim with

two horizontal channellings. It is polished on the entire inner
and outer surface. H = 50 mnu Found at Vidra. The Bucharest
Municipal Museum, inv. 15054. (D.V.R.)

81.

Lid handle, fragmentary. Clay.

Shaped as a

irv.

painter

92. Goblet. Conical shape, narrow ring-shaped rimD of the mouth = 71 mm, H = 50 mm. Found at Giulegi
Sdrbi. The Bucharest Municipal Museum, inv. 64009.

"Suhat
44818

at Chitila "Fermd". The Bucharest Municipal Museurn,

138238. ff.B.)

phallus. Inci sed dec oration. Conc entric circ les depicted also

on the middle part of the piece. The conical end part is

deeorated with triangular incisions. H = 94 mm. Found at
Vidra. The Bucharest Municipal Museum, inv. 149t7.
(D.v.R.)
82. Lid, in the shape of a "hat", On the uPper part
there is a crosswise handle. On the plane of the piece are
depicted two horizontal charmellings. H = 75 mnu inv. 15182,
Found at Vidra. The Bucharest Municipal Museum. (D.V.R.)

83. Conical goblet, with straight walls lacking

decoration. H = 59 mm. Found at Vidra. The Bucharest
Municipal Museum, inv. 1693 1. (D.V.R.)
84. Vessel-basket. In the shape of a small basket
with high middle handle. H = 85 mm. Found at Vidra. The
Bucharest Municipal Museun, inv. 1603 1. (D.V.R.)
85. Lid. Convex conical body, cylindrical handle
empty in the interior and perforated at the base with two
holes for binding strings. It could have been used as a
drinking cup too. H = 46 mm. Found at Vidra. The Bucharest
Municipal Museum, nv. l7 495. (D.V.R.)
86. Lid with handle. Circular, with ahighcylindrical
rim, and bearing a cylindrical knob in the middle. The surface
is divided into areas decorated with incised parallel lines

and filled with white paste. The knob is decorated with

incised circular lines and incisions on the rims. On the wall
indicating the height there are bands of incised horizontal
lines framing incised but channelled bands. H = 65 mm, D =
350 mm. Found at Vidra. The Bucharest Municipal Museum,
inv. 14884. (D.V.R.)
87" Storage vessel. The rim bears a ring for the lid.
The decoration consists of incised linear motifs framing the

body up to the shoulder on which there are excised

geometrical motifs filled with white paste. The bottom of
the vessel is conical and lacks decoration. H = 800 mm, D =
400 mm. Found at Yidra. The Bucharest Municipal Museum,
inv. 173041. (D.V.R.)

88. Conical vessel (goblet). Decorated with circular

wide channelling. H = 108 mm. Found at Chitila Farm. The
Bucharest Municipal Museum, rnv. 173037. (V.8.)
89. Gobtet. The rim decorated with "wolf teeth". D
of the mouth = 118 mm, H = 114 mm. Found at Rasa. The
Museum of the Lower Danube Clldragi, inv. 24814. (V.O.)
90. Goblet. The foot has four rectangular openings,
and the body itself is in the shape of a dipper. On the exterior
the excised decoration is divided into four sections bearing
geometrical motifs. D of the mouth = 230 mm, H = 130.
Found at Chitila "tell". The BucharestMunicipal Museum,
inv. 116587. (V.B.)
91. Miniature vessel. A cylindrical neck and slightly
conical body, a flat base without decoration with a thin
burnish on the surface. hregular shape. H = 28 mm' Found
74

93.

Lid. Convex, high cylindrical wall in the

anC pe

shape

mm,

l dryglling

Museu

Municipal Museum,

72 mm. Found at Mlgura Jilava. Ttre Buchare.st

rulrv, 15229.

at Ap(

94. Small cult table. II = 28 mm. Found at Chitih

'?erm[". The Bucharest lvlunicipal Museum, inv. 173039.

and

(v.B.)

feet in

95. Bowl. The upper pafi lacks decoration, and it is

separates from the conical lower one by a channelling. On
Ihe vessel towards the maximum round, there are angulady
disposed channellings inscribed one into another. Dark grey
colour. D of the mouth = 180 mm, H = 84 mm. Found at
Cernica. The Bucharest Municipal Museum, inv. 98090A

rows.

of a mushroom, lacking decoration. It rnay also be

model.

H=

(E.c.)

Resezu

fitted'
bands

40 mr
R

esea

iar. On the maximum round

there are
small handle like knobs. The body is separated from the neck
by two channellings. The space between the rim and body is
filled with other incised channellings of triangular shape. D
of the mouth = 92 mm, H = 120 mm. Found at Cernica. The
Bucharest Municipal Museum, inv. 98099.
96. Butging

97. Conical vessel. Decorated with channellings, cut

D
of the mouth = 166 mm, H = 98 mm. Found ar
rim.
Bordugani. The Museum of the Lower Danube C[ltrragi, inv2460e. (v.o.)

rin

98. BowI. Biconical, with two missing parts on the

115 mm, II = 85 mm. Found at Chitih
"Ferm[". The Bucharest Municipality Museunr, inv. 173038-

D of the mouth =
(v.B.)

of the
Praho
Ploieg

the ro

rnouth
Count
9189

straigl

lines
decor

at Isa<

99. Copper arm ring, with two spirals partially

overlapping, each end bearing an incision in the shape of a
serpent's head. D = 81 mm. Found at Chitila "Fermtr". The
Bucharest Municipal Museum, inv. 17303 1. (V.B.)

Tulce

part

Dof'

100. Ptate. Decorated with incisions combined with

excisions. D of ttre mouth = 308 mm, H = 80 mm. Found at
CuneEti. The Museum of the Lower Danube Cdllragi, inv.
2683e. (E.c.)

The F
Ploie:

L0L. Clay weight. Pear-shaped, perforated at the

upper part. At the basis has a cut for rigidifying by binding
with thread. H = 76 mm. Found at Chitila "Ferm[". The
Bucharest Municipal Museum, inv. 173040. (V.B.)
102. Goblet. Channelling decoration. H = 93 mrn" D
of the mouth = 90 mm. Found at Giulegti Sirbi. The
Bucharest Municipal Museum, inv. 6a010. (V.B')

lnstin

103. BowI. Biconical with out-turnedrim, andunder

Fount

incisi

Muse

Doft

The I
Ploie

the maximum round only one handle in the shape of a conical

H = 118 mm' Found at

lrlrv.97625.
Museum,
Cernica. The Bucharest Municipal

knob. D of the mouth

180 mm,

incisi
Eco-l

104. Bowl, fragment. Biconical shape, inward rim'

and sharp shoulder. Decorated with horizontal finc

at Isa

channellings combined with incisions and a middle band

Tulct

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with white. D of the mouth = 352 rnm, H = 440. Found at

Vlddiceasca. The Olteniga Museum of Archaeology, inv.

Along its width it displays four crosswise orifices. D = 85

mm. Found at VddasEa. The National History Museum of,

11462. (D.S)

Romania, inv. 13156.

130. Yessel with foot. Excised decoration incrusted

with white. D = 29 4 mm, H = 3 65 mm. Found at Vltrdic easca.
The Oltenila Museum of Archaeology, inv. 12144. (D.S)

L42. Yessel support. In the shape of a parallelepiped,

bearing two orifices, highupper corners, three register excised

131. Yessel foot. Conical, empty in the inside. The

upper part decoration consists of two wide bands, excised
and incrusted with white, and the lower part one of triangles
in relief with the tips downwards alternating with excised
triangles incrusted with white, with the tips upwards. Dark
brown colour. H= 77 mm. Found at Chirnogi. The Oltenila
Museum of Archaeology, inv. 841. (D.S)
132. Ud. Cylindrical handlg excised decoration with
white incrustation. D = 115 mm. Found at Vl[diceasca. The
OltenifaMuseum of Archaeology, rrrv.l2L45 (6135). (D.S)

133.

Lid. Phallic end

handle, the right rim bent

downwards. Excised decoration incrusted with white. Chess

boardmotifs at the upper part, and on the rim excised circular
bands incrusted with white. D of the mouth = 145 mm, H =
155 mm. Found at Vlldiceasca. The Oltenila Museum of
Archaeology, inv. 5851. (D.S)
134. Biconical vessel. High straight rim. The upper
part is decorated with incisedmeander motifs. Brown colour.
Probably it underwent a secondary firing. D of the mouth =
80 mm, H

115

mm, Found

at Vlddiceasca. The Oltenila

Museum of Archaeology, inv. 4274. (D.S)

135. Biconical vessel. Finely, regularly cut straight
rim, fine smooth surface. On the exterior a reddish slip was
applied. Black colour. D of the mouth = 163 mm, H = 120
mm. Found at Vlfldiceasca. The Oltenita Museum of
Archaeology, inv. 11481. (D.S)

136. Jar. Ttvo registers, the lower part diameter

smaller than the upper part one. Horizontal handles with the
ends downward. Incised decoration with irregular lines.
Brick-red colour. D of the mouth = 125 mm, H = 120 mm.
Found at Span[ov. The Olteniga Museum of Archaeology,
inv. 790.
L37. lbuncated-conical bowl. D of the mouth = 160

mm, H = 63 mm. Found at Vltrdiceasca. The Oltenila

Museum of Archaeology, inv. 11904. (D.S)

138. Biconical vessel. Barbotine bearing decoration,

combined with knobs. D of the mouth = 143 mm, H= 127

mm. Found at Vlldiceasca. The Oltenila

Museum of

Archaeology, inv. 9374. (D.S)

139. Biconical vessel . High straight square rim,

stamped belt separated from the rim by two groups of two
knobs each, disposed opposite each other. Barbotine bearing.

D = 245 mm, H = 230 mm. Found at Vltrdiceasca. The

Oltenila Museum of Archaeology, inv. 12132. (D.S)
140. Biconical vessel. Regularly cutrim, channelled
decoration. D of the mouth= 228 mm, H = 188 mm. Found
at

Vltrdiceasca. The Oltenila Museum of Archaeology, inv.

12132. (D.s)
141. Lid. Excised decoration incrusted in white, rows

of excised stamped triangles, separated by bands in relief.

76

decoration. The upper part displays two bands in relief

bordered by excised lines. The middle part is decorated with
motifs, and the lower one with bands in relid
bordered by excised lines. H = 350 mm. Found at Tanginl
The National History Museum of Romania, inv. 1 3435.
exci sed meander

143. Vessel support. Cylindrical, belt in relief,

decorated with deep channellings at the upper part. D = 94
mm, H = 73 mm. Found at Spanfov. The Oltenifa Museum

"Movi
C[1[ra
dec ort

Museu
excisi<

cylindr
of a to'

sound:
angle
decora
registe

of Archaeology, inv. 789.

tips uI

L44. Yessel support. In the shape ofaparallelepiped,

bearing two orifices. Three chessboard patterned vertical

incrusr
excise

bands divide the decoration

into two registers,

each

dec orz

representing by meander motifs intertwined with chess board

Ye1lor

H = 231 mm. Found at

Vlldiceasca. The Oltenila Museum of Archaeology, iny.

Berzei

patterned motifs.

L=

254 mm,

177 51

11616. (D.S)

145. Goblet with sharp base. Incised decoration of

regularly disposed parallel circular lines, separated by groups
of two vertical lines each. D of the mouth = 75 mm, H = 170

illm.

Found at Vlddiceasca. The Oltenifa Museum of

decorr
excise
rest of
bearin

Archaeology, inv. 4781. (D.S)

by

146. Biconical vessel. Bearing leaking orifice at the

upper part and excisedbarbotine decoration. A row offinger
impressions under the rim, which joins the leaking orifice.
Under the middle line there are six groups of two knobs
each, regularly disposed. D of the mouth = 270 mm, H =
280 mm. Found at Vlddiceasca. The Oltenifa Museum of

motifs
of exc
spiral

Archaeology. (D.S)

by

L47, Jar. Biconical, straight rim, prominent shoulder,

polished. D = of the mouth = 124 mm,H = 250 mm. Found
atVltrdiceasca. The OltenifaMuseum of Archaeology, inv.
4726. (D.S)

148

149, Pottery fragments, decorated with

exci sions. Found at G[llgui

ex<

as me

incise
The lc
an

triang

the

u1

border

triang
stronS

high

-'Movila B erzei" . The Museum

of the Lower Danube Cillragi. (M.N.)
150. Yessel with foot. Excised geometrical
decoration, D of the mouth = 183 mm, H = 109 mm. Found
at Gil[fui - 'Movila Berzei". The Museum of the Lower
Danube Clltuagi, lrrv.26712. M.N.)
151 - 154. Pottery fragments decorated with
excisions. Found at Glltrtui -'Movila Berzei". The Museum

Founc

of the Lower Danube Ctrltrragi. (M.N.)

tips.l
motif

155. T[ay with cylindrical foot. Empty in the inside,

conical shape, decorated with excised meander and spiral
motifs incrusted with white, bordered by two bands separating
them from the rim, the lower register, respectively. The lower
part of the vessel displays a decoration of angular excised

geometrical motifs. Towards the foot the lower register is

delimited by two incised circular bands. Yellowishbrick-red
colour. The inner surface of the vessel is roughly evened. D
of the mouth = 380 mm, H = 150 mm. Found at Gll{ui

Lowe
regist
incrut

two

regist
each

130 n
of the

mout
Muse

mout
Muse

LL

ue uI Jer;louu
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horizontal channellings. D of the mouth = 205 mm, H = 141

mm. Found at GIlIIui - 'Movila Berzei". Tlie Museum of
ttre Lower Danube Cdldragi, nv.21397. (M.N.)
L77. Conical goblet. Incised rim. Decoration made
up of channellings opposite to one another in an angle, at
the upper part, and at the lower one, parallel channelling
rows.D of themouth= 96mmH= 145mm. FoundatGtrl{ui

- "Movila Berzei". The CtrlIraEi Museum of the Lower

nv. 21402. M.N.)

Danu-be,

L78. Conical goblet. Regularly incisedrim. Decoration

of horizontal channelling rows. D of the mouth = 97 mm, H
= 141 mm. Found at Gllifui - 'Movila Berzei". The Museum
of the Lower Danube CIltrraEi, nv.21396. (M.N.)
179. Biconical bowl. Incised rim incrusted with white.

Under the rim there are parallel rows of horizontal

channellings, followed on the shoulder by bands of parallel
rows of wavy channellings. D of the mouth = 214 mm, H =
120 mm. Found at Gllltui -'Movila Berzel". The Museum
of the Lower Danube CII[raEi, tnv. 267 14. (I\4.N.)
180. Biconical bowl. Incisedrim incrusted with white.

Decorated at the upper part

with rows of horizontal

channellings, and on the middle line with groups of angular

channellings. Brick-red colour. D of the mouth = 233 mm,
H = 150 mm. Found at G[l[[ui - 'Movila Berzei". The
Museum of the Lower Danube Cil[ragi, nv.9547. M.N.)
18L. Conical goblets, fragments. Decorated at the
part
with rows of angular channellings and small knobs
upper
on the middle line. Unevenly dark brown colour. Found at

Gi.lifui - 'Movila Berzei". The Museum of the Lower

Danube CIltuagi, inv. 17556, 17557. O{.N.)
182. Pottery fragments, Precututeni II - III culture.
Decorated with incised bands filled with dots ("shields").
Found at GXliltui - 'Movila Berzei". The Museum of the
Lower Danube Clld"raEi. (M.N.)
183. Vessel with cylindrical foot. Empty in the inside,

conical body. Excised decoration incrusted with white, in

two registers. Under the rim, a row of regular excised
triangles. Meander spirals separated from the lower register
by a band in relief represent the upper register. The lower
register displays spiral bearing bands, which vectorially
continue the upper register motifs. Ttwo bands in relief mark
the rim andmiddle part of the vessel. Smooth on the interior.
Brick-red colour, plastic deformation. D of the mouth= 252
mm, H = 300 mm. Found at GnH.Fi - 'Movila Berzei". The
Museum of the Lower Danube CIldragi, l-r:.v.26970. (M.N.)
184. Vessel, fragment. Channelled decoration. H =
Gildfui -'Movila Berzei". The Museum
of the Lower Danube CIldragi, nv.26970. O4.N.)
185 mm. Found at

187. Goblet. Barbotine bearing decoration. The

middle part displays four circular protuberances, with traces
of crosswise finger impressions. Brick-red colour, traces of
secondary firing. D of the mouth = 110 rnm, H = 76 rnrnFound at Gllifui - 'Movila Berzei". The Museum of the
Lower Danube Cdltrragi, urv.26706. (M.N.)

188. Biconical vessel Curved walls, the rim

ernphasised by a finger-impressed band in relief. Barbotine
bearing whorl decoration . Four crosswise impressed knobs
mark the middle line. At the lower part the whorl ends in an
impressed knob. Polished in the inside, yellowish brick-red
colour. D of the mouth = 210 mm, H = 182 mm. Found at

Gildtui - 'Movila Berzei". The Museum of the Lower

Danube Clltrragi, inv. 21395. O,I.N,)

189. Tfay. Bent walls, covered on the interior and
exterior by a thick layer of unevened barbotine. Brick-red
colour, plastic deformation. D of the mouth = 363 mm, H =
95 mm. Found at Gil{ui -'Movila Berzei". The Museum
of the Lower Danube Cdldragi, lrrv.27030. (M.N.)
190. Biconical vessel. Curved walls. The surface of
the vessel is coveredby a thin layer of barbotine, interrupted
by four crosswise impressedknobs on themiddle line. Brickred colour. D of the mouth = 175 mm, H= 162 mm. Found

Founr
Muset

bulb

L=6
"Ferm

CYB )

the ha

end n

mm,\
Munir
at the

at Gildfui - 'Movila Berzei". The Museum of the Lower

Danube Cflldragi, tnv.2477L. (M.N.)

19L. Lid. Handle disposed in a straight plane, oval

section. The rims are oblique-convex. D = 228 mm, inv"
26708, Found at Gil[fui - 'MovilaBerzeT". The Museum of
the Lower Danube CllIragi. M.N.)

functi

192. Vessel, fragment. Decorated with barbotine and

finger-impressed band in relief. Found at G[l[[ui -'Movila
Berzei". TheMuseum of theLower Danube CIllragi. M.N.)
193. Yessel, fragment. Dec orated with barbotine and
finger-impressed band in relief. Found at GiH[ui - 'Movila
B erzei". The Museum of the Lower Danube CdlXra$i. M.N.)
194. Flint core. Big flint boulder, cortex peeled-off,
prepared for removing large flakes *rat by retouching are
turned into tools. The piece has two working surfaces. L =
160mnr, W = 180 mrrq Th = 75 mm. Found at Chitila'Termil'
The Bucharest Mwricipal Museunq inv. 1457 1. (V.B.)
195. Silex blade. With a single back rib, preserves the
percussion bulb and striking plane. Diqplays fine retouches with
marginal wear. L = 167 mm, W = 28 mm, Th = 5 mm. Found at

Chitila

"FemI".

The Bucharest Municipal Museum, inv.

both

"Cari

63981

plane

ribs.l
t'Fem

(v.B
bulb
end,

retou
Chiti
1431

curv

at Isa
Tulcr

138241. (v.B.)

196. Silex scraper. Preserving the cortex on the back

side. Wide cut blade retouched at the end opposite the

186. Biconical vessel, fragment. Barbotine bearing

oration,
finger-impressed bands in relief on the shoulder.
dec
Fonnd at Glldtui - 'Movila Berzei". The Museum of the

L97. Silex scraper. With cutblade, on the back surface

displays two ribs, by retouching the cut was turned into
scraper. Percussion bulb and striking plane. L= 94 mm, W=
30 mm, Th = 4 mm. Found at Chitila 'Fermd". The Bucharest
Municipal Museum, inv. 143729. (V.8.)

78

retouc
cortex

193

L85. BowL Thick rim decorated with deep incisions,

disp osed vertic ally. B arb otine bearing dec orati on c ompleted
with six conical knobs. D of the mouth = 108 mm, H = 85

Lower Danube Cildragi. (M.N.)

rnm.
Bucha

The

percussion bulb. Displays retouching traces on the left edge

for being used also as knife. L = 81 rnm,'W= 32 rnm, Th =
1 1 mm. Found at Chitila "Fermi". The Bucharest Municipal
Museum, inv. 143728. (V.B.)

mm. Found at Gdlifui -'Ivlovila Berzei". The Museum of

tlre Lower Danube Cllflragi, lllrv.270ll. (M.N.)

T\vori

The

W=.
inv.

mm,
The l

throt

oppo
Foun

162t

7-

6L

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223. Tlrbularbeadsnecklace.8beads, shell,polished 230. Bone thruster. Polished. L= L74 rnm. Boianand perforated. Found at Oltenita -'Necropolis". The Giulegticulture.Foundatlsaccea-"Suhat''. InstituteofEcoMuseum Researches Tilcea, tll.v. 44530. (C.M.)
Oltenifa Museum of Archaeology, inv. 5854. (D.S.)

224. Anthropomorphic beads necklace. L5 beads,

231. Horn harpoon. Carved andpolished.L= 128
shell, transversally perforated at both ends. The Olteni[a rnm. Found at Isaccea - "Suhat". Institute of Eco-Museum
Museum of Archaeology, inv. 5855.
Researches of Tulcea, rnv. MSM. (C.M.)

shell,

232. Bone thruster. Carved and polished . L = 147

225. Anthropomorphic shell beads. 30 beads,
rectangular shape with round corners, Found at Andolina. mm. Found at Isaccea - "Suhat". Institute of Eco-Museum
The Museum of the Lower Danube CdldraEi, iriv. 9165-9188. Researches T\rlcea, rrlrv. 4453I. (C.M.)

(D.S.)

226. Copper beads necklace. 24 beads, copper,

oval

in section. Found at Andolina. The Museum of the Lower

Danube CIldragi, lrl.v.24517-24540.

(E.C.)

233. Horn harpoon, fragment. Carved and polished.

L = 70. Found at Isaccea - "Suhat". Institute of Eco-Museum
Researches T\rlcea, inv. 44539. (C.M.)

234.Bonethruster.polished.L= ll0mm.Foundat

22T.Bonependant.Polished,intheshapeof adriller. Isaccea - "Suhat". Institute of Eco-Museum Researches

L = 50 mm, W = 10 mm, Th = 5 mm. Found at Cemica. The Thlcea, nv. 44537 - (C.M.)
Bucharest Municipal Museum, inv. 14450. (E.C.)
235. Bone handle. polished. L = 103 mm. Found at
228. Bone driller. Polished, L = 150 mm, W = 14 Isaccea - "Suhat". Institute of Eco-Museum Researches
mm. Found at Chitila "Ferm[". The Bucharest Municipal Thlcea, inv.44565. (C.M.)
Museum, inv. 173026.

(V.B.)

229. Shell pendant. Half-moon shape, perforated

one end. L = 60 mm. Found at Isaccea - "Suhat". Institute
Eco-Museum Researches Thlcea, urv. 44539. (C.M.)

at
of

Editura

236. Bone thruster. polished.

Isaccea

Tirlcea" inv. 44538. (C.M.)

DAM

Tel.: 01/330. 19.80 . Fax: 011682.51.39

80

L=

70mm. Found at

- "Suhat". Institute of Eco-Museum

Researches

Cat, 157