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Math 389 Fall 2012, Test 1, Oct.

16
Solutions

(1) (a) The given number is

(b) 1 +

1
1
1
11
1 + 2i
=
(1 + 2i)(8 6i) =
(4 22i) =
i
8 + 6i
100
100
25 50

3i = 2ei/3 so the given number is

251 ei51/3 = 251 ei17 = 251 .

(2) (a) 1 + i = 2ei/4 so one cube roots is z0 = 21/6 ei/12 . Then every cube root is of the
form z0 ei2k/3 , k = 0, 1, 2 so we obtain 21/6 ei(/12)+k2/3 . (Remark: the result of 4(a)
could be used to write each of these out in the form a + bi.)
(b) Since 1 + i = exp(log 2 + i(/4 + 2k)), k Z we have
(1 + i)i = exp(i log 2 (/4 + 2k)), k Z.

(3) Translating everything by c the properties of being equilateral and being a Gaussian
integer do not change. Thus, we may assume that c = 0. Then if the triangle is
equilateral a, b have equal lengths and the angle
between them is /3, so (interchanging
i/3
a, b if needed) we have b = e a = (1/2 + i 3/2)a. If a= m + in and b = m + in then

it follows that
n 3/2 and n = n/2 + m 3/2. If n 6= 0 solving the first
m = m/2
equality for 3 implies 3 is rational (since m, n, m , n are integers), a contradiction. If
n = 0 then m 6= 0, since a 6= 0 and the second equality leads to the same contradiction.
Thus the triangle cannot be equilateral.
(4) (a)
i/12

i/3i/4

=e

i/3 i/4

=e

1
1 3
1+ 3
= (1 + i 3)(1 + i) = + i
2 2
2 2
2 2

(b) We can take f (reit ) = log r + it with /4 < t < 7/4. Calling the domain D,
multiplying by ei3/4 rotates D onto the domain of Log. f (z) and Log(ei3/4 z)
have the same real part (log |z|) and the imaginary parts differ by 3/4 so we see
that f (z) = Log(ei3/4 z) + i3/4.
(5) (a) The interior of E consists of all those points z C such that D(z, r) E for
some r > 0. The closure of E consists of all z C such that for every r > 0,
D(z, r) E 6= . The boundary of E is the set of all z in the closure of E which are
not in the interior of E.
(b) The interior of E is E \ {(1 + i)/2, (1 + i)/2}. The closure of E is {z : |z| 1}.
The boundary of E is {z : |z| = 1} [(1 + i)/2, (1 + i)/2], where the notation [a, b]
means the closed line segment from a to b for any a, b C.
There was a typo in the definition of F : [3/4, /4] should have been [3/4, /4].
Of course if you answered the question correctly as stated you will get full marks.
1

,
] [ 4 , 3
]}. The interior of F
The solution here is for F = {z 6= 0 : Arg z [ 3
4
4
4
is
3
3
{z 6= 0 : Arg z (
,
) ( , )}.
4
4
4 4
The closure of F is just F {0}. The boundary is the union of the two lines passing
through 0, 1 + i and through 0, 1 i.
2 4

(6) f (z) = z(1 z 2 )3 has the primitive F (z) = (1z8 ) in C so the integral over any closed
path is 0. For the same reason, the integral can be evaluated as F (z1 ) F (z0 ) where
z0 = (0) = 0 and z1 = (1) = i. Thus
Z
1
15
f (z)dz = F (i) F (0) = 2 + = .
8
8

(7) We have a + b = (c + d) so taking moduli and squaring we get |a + b|2 = |c + d|2. Now
the left hand side of this last equation is
(a + b)(a + b) = |a|2 + ab + ab + |b|2 = 1 + 2Re ab + 1.

Expanding the right hand side in the same way and equating we get Re ab = Re cd.
Similarly
(0.1)

|a b|2 = 2 2Re (ab) = 2 2Re (cd) = |c d|2 .

If we assume that a, b, c, d occur in that order around the circle equation 0.1 says that
two opposite sides of the quadrilateral have equal length.
Now the hypotheses of the problem remain the same if a, b, c, d are permuted among
each other so equation 0.1 also implies that |a c|2 = |b d|2 and |a d|2 = |b c|2 .
Together the three equations say that both pairs of opposite sides have the same length
and that the diagonals have the same length. It is clear that these three facts imply that
we have a rectangle. To actually prove this is a little exercise in Euclidean geometry
(which you were not required to do): in a nutshell, use several pairs of congruent triangles
in the picture to show that the angles at the four vertices are equal, and hence each is
/2.

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