Curriculum

For

BS
In

Applied Physics
With specialization in Electronics

Course Outline B.S. Applied Physics with specialization in Electronics

SEMESTER I

Course No.

Credit Hours

1. English-I *

3+0

2. Pak Studies *

3+0

Page #

3. Mathematics I

Math. 301

3+0

4. Physics I

Appl. Phys. 303

3+0

06

5. Introduction to Computer & Programming Languages

Appl. Phys. 305

2+1

06

6. Lab-I Physics I

Appl. Phys. 311

0+3

07

Total Credit

18

SEMESTER II

Course No.

Credit Hours

1. Urdu *

3+0

2. Islamic Studies *

3+0

Page #

3. Mathematics II

Math. 302

3+0

4. Physics II

Appl. Phys. 304

3+0

07

5. Data Structures &Algorithms

Appl. Phys. 306

2+1

07

6. Lab-II Physics II

Appl. Phys. 312

0+3

08

Total Credit

18

Courses approved by the University for B.S. will be adopted. Mathematics department, Subsidiary
2

SEMESTER III

Course No.
1. English-II *

Credit Hours

Page #

3+0

2. Mathematics III

Math. 401

3+0

3. Circuit Theory

Appl. Phys. 403

3+0

09

4. Modern Physics

Appl. Phys. 405

3+0

09

5. Basic Electronics

Appl. Phys. 407

3+0

10

6. Lab-III Basic Electronics

Appl. Phys. 411

0+3

10

Total Credit

18

SEMESTER IV

Course No.

Credit Hours

Page #

1. Mathematics-IV

Math. 509

3+0

2. Computational Methods

Appl. Phys. 404

2+1

10

3. Electronic Communications

Appl. Phys. 406

3+0

11

4. Solid State Physics

Appl. Phys. 408

3+0

12

5. Linear Integrated Circuits (L.I.C)

Appl. Phys. 410

3+0

12

6. Lab-IV --L.I.C. & Communications

Appl. Phys. 412

0+3

13

Total Credit

18

SEMESTER V

Course No.

Credit Hours

Page #

1.

Signals & Systems

Appl. Phys. 501

3+0

13

2.

Power Electronics

Appl. Phys. 503

3+0

14

3.

Digital Electronics

Appl. Phys. 505

3+0

14

4.

Semiconductor Devices

Appl. Phys. 507

3+0

14

5.

Lab-V Digital Electronics

Appl. Phys. 511

0+3

15

Total Credit

15
3

SEMESTER VI

Course No.

Credit Hours

Page #

1. Microprocessors

Appl. Phys. 502

2+1

15

2. Industrial Electronics & Automation

Appl. Phys. 504

3+0

16

3. Renewable Energy Technology

Appl. Phys. 506

3+0

16

4. Quantum Electronics

Appl. Phys. 508

3+0

17

5. Organizational Behaviour & Project Management

Appl. Phys. 510

3+0

17

6. Lab-VI Industrial Electronics & PLC

Appl. Phys. 512

0+3

18

Total Credit

18

SEMESTER VII

Course No.

Credit Hours

Page #

1. Microprocessor Interfacing

Appl. Phys. 601

1+2

18

2. Microwave Communication Systems

Appl. Phys. 603

3+0

19

3. Optical Fibre Communication Systems

Appl. Phys. 605

2+1

19

4. Data Communication & Networks

Appl. Phys. 607

3+0

20

5. Lab-VII Telecommunications /Project

Total Credit

Appl. Phys. 611

0+3
15

20

Credit Hours

Page #

SEMESTER VIII

Course No.
1. Digital Signal Processing

Appl. Phys. 602

3+0

21

2. Instrumentation

Appl. Phys. 604

3+0

21

3. Wireless Communications

Appl. Phys. 606

3+0

22

4. Control Systems

Appl. Phys. 608

3+0

22

5. Lab VIII Digital Signal Processing/ Project

Appl. Phys. 612

0+3

23

Total Credit

15

Total Credit Hours

135
4

Course Detail
Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

:I
: Physics I
: Appl. Phys. 303
:3+0

Measurement, Motion in one dimension, Vectors, Motion in two and three dimensions, Force and Newtons Laws, Particle
Dynamics, Work and Energy, Conservation of Energy, Systems of particles, Collisions, Rotational Kinematics Rotational
Dynamics, Angular Momentum,
Waves & Oscillations: Oscillations, Wave Motion, Sound Waves, Heat: Kinetic Theory and the Ideal Gas, Statistical
Mechanics, Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics, Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamic.
Bulk properties of matter: Elasticity, Tension, Compression, Elastic modulus, Poissons ratio, Viscosity.
Books Recommended:
1.

David Halliday, Robert Resnick & Kenneth S. Krane, Physics, Volume I 5th Ed., 2001, Wiley.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

:I
: Introduction to Computer &
Programming Language
: Appl. Phys. 305
:2+1

Introduction to Computer hardware and Software organization. Operating System concepts, DOS, LINUX/UNIX Operating
Systems, Introduction to Windows, Environment, Local Area Networks and Internet, Computer Security.
Fundamentals of Programming: High Level Languages, Problem Analysis and Algorithm Development, Flow charting,
Sequential Flow, Conditional Flow, Repetitive Flow, Algorithm Logic.
Introduction to C-language: Program structures, Pre-processor declaration, Looping and Flow Control in C, Functions and
Structured Programming, standard data types, Branching and Nested Flow of Control, Arrays and Strings, Pointers, Structure
data types and Union , Input / Output, Filling System in C.
Books Recommended:

2.
3.
4.

Francis J. Scheldt, Theory and Problems of Computers and Programming (Schaum's Outline), 2nd Ed., 2004, McgrawHill.
Robert Lafore, Programming Using Turbo C++, 2003, Sams Series.
Lawrence H. Miller & Alexander E. Quilici,The Joy of C, 3rd Ed., 1996, Wiley.
Microsoft Disk Operating Systems Manual

5.
6.

Anthony Rudd, C++ Complete, 2004, Wiley.

Raymond Greenlaw, Understanding Practical Unix, 2001 Franklin Beedle & Associates.

7.

William Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture, 7th Ed., 2005, Prentice Hall.

1.

List of Experiments
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Operating System Basics

DOS internal and external commands
C-compliers
Integrated development Environment versus Command line compilers
C standard data types
Basic C program Construct
Programming Examples for Loop Constructs
Programming Examples for Decisions
Programming Examples for Switch Constructs
Programming Examples for Functions
Programming Examples for Arrays and Strings
Programming Examples for Two-dimensional Arrays
Programming Examples for Structures
Programming Examples for Pointer
C-File Systems
C Standard File Systems
5

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

:I
: Lab-I Physics I
: Appl. Phys. 311
:0+3

List of Experiments:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Determine of Velocity of sound by kundts tube method.

Determination of value of g by compound pendulum.
Thermal e. m. f and temperature diagram.
Temperature coefficient of resistance.
Thermal conductivity of metal by Searls method
Thermal conductivity of bad conductor by Lees method
Measurement of rotation of plane of polarization.
Resolving power of diffraction grating.
Modulus of rigidity of a wire by dynamic method.
Surface tension of water by Jaegers method.
Coefficient of viscosity of oil by Stokes method.
Youngs modulus of material by bending of beam method.
Possion ratio of rubber.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: II
: Physics - II
: Appl. Phys. 304
:3+0

Electricity & Magnetism: Electric charge and Coulombs Law, The Electric Field, Gauss Law, Electrical Potential,
Capacitors and Dielectrics, Current and Resistance, Dc Circuits, The magnetic Field, Amperes Law, Faradays Law of
Induction, Magnetic Properties of Matter, Inductance, Alternating current Circuits, Maxwells Equations, Electromagnetic
waves,
Optics: The nature and Propagation of Light, Reflection and Refraction at Plane Surfaces, Spherical Mirrors and Lenses,
Interference, Diffraction, Grating and Spectra, Polarization.

Books Recommended:
1.
2.

David Halliday, Robert Resnick & Kenneth S. Krane, Physics, Volume 2, 5th Ed., 2002, Wiley.
David Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, 6th Ed., 2001, Wiley.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: II
: Data Structures & Algorithms
: Appl. Phys. 306
:2+1

Overview of Object Oriented Programming, Analysis of Algorithm, data types, arrays, strings, structures, classes, Stacks,
queues and linked lists. Introduction of JAVA, Sequences, Trees, Priority queues, Sorting algorithm, Graphs.
Introduction of mathematical programming: MatLab, Mathemitica, & Mapal.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Introduction to Algorithms, 2nd Ed., Thomas 2001, The MIT Press.
Sartaj Sahni, Data Structures, Algorithms, And Applications In C++, 2 nd Ed., 2004, Silicon Press.
Ivor Horton, Beginning Java 2, 2002, Wrox Press, Arden House, USA.
Florian Hawlitzek, Java 2 Nitty Gritty, 2002, Addison Wesley, Germany.
John Lewis and William Loftus, Java Software Solutions, 2001, Addison Wesley, USA.

List of Experiments
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.

An Introduction to Java Programming

How java differs from C and C++
Java Platform
Object oriented programming and Java
Objects and Classes
Inheritance, Interfaces and Packages
Creating a class hierarchy
Single and Multiple inheritance
Creating a Subclass
Java Basics
Statements and Expressions
Data types
Literals
Expressions and Operators
Working with objects
Calling Methods
The Java Class Library
Arrays, Conditions and Loops
Creating Class and Applications in Java
Java Applications and Command Line arguments
Java Applets basics
Creating Applets
Including an Applet on a Web page.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: II
: Lab-II Physics II
: Appl. Phys. 312
: 0+3

List of Experiments:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Determination of AC mains frequency by Vibrograph.

Spectral characteristics of photodiode/photocell
Measurement of resistance using Neon Flash bulb and condenser.
Measurement of High Resistance by Leakage method.
Measurement of Low Resistance by Carey Foster Bridge.
Comparison of capacitance by Ballistic Galvanometer.
Verification of law of combination of resistance by potentiometer
Determination of Resonance Frequency by Acceptor circuit.
Determination of Resonance Frequency by Rejecter Circuit.
Determination of Work Function of metal.
Study of the Magnetic Forces on Conductors.
Study of the Earth's Magnetic Field.
Study of the Magnetic Fields of Coils.
Determine Wavelength of sodium D line by Newtons ring.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: III
: Circuit Theory
: Appl. Phys. 403
:3+0

Circuit with constant voltage and current: Circuit element in series, Circuit element in parallel, Series parallel network
reduction, Circuit simplification using ohms law, Kirchoffs voltage law, Kirchoffs current law, Voltage division and
current division, Branch current method, Mesh current method, node voltage method, input and output resistance, transfer
resistance, Superposition, Thevenins and Norton Theorem, maximum power transfer theorem.
Circuits with steady state sinusoidal excitation: Concepts of frequency, angular frequency, Phase shift, amplitude, peak-topeak, peak, and root mean square values, Introduction of j operator and its application to circuit analysis, mesh current
method , node voltage method, Thevenins and Nortons theorem.
AC power: Power in time domain, Average and real power, Reactive power, Exchange of energy between inductor and
capacitor, Complex power, Apparent power, Power triangle, Parallel connected network, Power factor improvement.
Poly-Phase circuits: Introduction, Two-phase systems, Three-Phase voltages, Balanced delta connected load, Balanced four
wire Y connected load, equivalent Y and delta connections, Single line equivalent circuit for balanced three phase load,
unbalanced delta connected load, unbalanced Y connected load, Power in Balanced Three-Phase loads, three-Phase loads
and two wattmeter method.

Recommended Books:
1.
2.
3.

Robert L. Boylestad, Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10th Ed., 2003, Prentice-Hall.

Thomas L. Floyd, Electric Circuits Fundamentals, 7th Ed., 2006, Pearson Prentice Hall.
Richard C. Dorf & James A. Svoboda, Introduction to Electric Circuits, 6th Ed., 2001, Wiley.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: III
: Modern Physics
: Appl. Phys. 405
:3+0

Special Theory of Relativity: Galilean and Lorentz transforms, The Speed of Light, The Michelson-Morley Experiment,
simultaneity, The twins paradox, and the Doppler effect. Relativistic dynamic: mass, relativistic momentum and energy.
Wave Particles: The origin of quantum theory, Thermal radiation, brief overview of kinetic theory of gases, Boltzman
statistics equi-partition theorem, Bose-Einstein & Fermi-Dirac statistics, Plancks radiation formula, The photoelectric and
Compton effects, dynamics of wave packet and uncertainty relation.
Rays and Particles: Conduction of electricity through gases, cathode rays, discoveries of electrons and X-rays, characteristic
X-rays radioactivity, Atomic spectra, Thompson and Rutherford atomic models, Bohr Atom, Bohr Magnetron, electron spin.
Particle Waves: De Broglies hypothesis, electron diffraction, Davidson-Germer Experiment, group and phase velocity,
Schrdinger Equation: Wave Equations for photons and Electrons, Electron in a Box, Finite Square Well, Barrier penetration,
Harmonic oscillator, Three dimensional waves, the hydrogen atom, angular momentum.

Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Kenneth S. Krane, Modern Physics, 2nd Ed., 1995, Wiley.

Ralph Llewellyn & Paul A. Tipler, W. H. Freeman, Modern Physics, 4th Ed., 2002, Wiley.
John Taylor, Chris Zafiratos & Michael A. Dubson, Benjamin Cummings, Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers,
2nd Ed., 2003, McGrawHill.
Jeremy Bernstein, Paul M. Fishbane & Stephen G. Gasiorowicz, Benjamin Cummings, Modern Physics, 2000,
McGrawHill.
Raymond A. Serway, Modern Physics, 3rd Ed., 2005, Thomson Brooks/Cole.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: III
: Basic Electronics
: Appl. Phys. 407
:3+0

PN Junction and Their Applications: Introduction of PN junction, Half Wave Rectifiers, Full Wave Rectifiers, Voltage
Regulators Circuits, Current Regulator Circuits, Filters, Power Supplies. And other applications
Transistor and Amplifiers: Introduction of Transistor, Transistor Biasing, Amplifier configurations, Load lines, Coupling of
amplifiers, Small signal Amplifiers, Large Signal Amplifiers, Special Amplifiers, Pulse Amplifiers, Dc Amplifiers,
Differential Amplifiers, FET and their application,
Oscillators: Types of Oscillator Circuits, Principles Sinusoidal Oscillators, Resonance Circuits, RC oscillators, Nonsinusoidal Oscillators, Relaxation Oscillators, Blocking Oscillators, Multivibrators.

Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Robert T. Paynter, Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits, 7 th Ed., 2005, Prentice Hall.
Thomas L. Floyd, Electronics Fundamentals, 7th Ed., 2006, Prentice Hall.
Thomas L. Floyd, 2007, Electronic Devices, 8th Ed., Prentice Hall.
Morris Slurzberg & William Osterheld, Essentials of Communication Electronics, 1989, McGraw-Hill.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: III
: Lab-III Basic Electronics
: Appl. Phys. 411
:0+3

List of Experiments:
1.

Circuit Analysis (Kirchoffs Law, Thevenins and Nortons Theorems)

2.

Junction diodes characteristics and use as a clipper and clamper

3.

Rectifier and filters (half wave and bridge)

4.

Transistor Familiarization and its use as a voltage regulator

5.

Transistor configuration (CE, CB and CC)

6.

Power Amplifiers (class A, B and C)

7.

JFET characteristics and Amplifier

8.

Sinusoidal Oscillators (Heartly and Colpits)

9.

Multivibrators (Astable, Monostable and Bistable)

10. Concept of negative feedback using Operational Amplifier

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: IV
: Computational Methods
: Appl. Phys. 404
:2+1

Fundamental numerical methods, Basic recursions and successive approximation, Floating Point Arithmetic, errors in
numerical computation, Polynomial Approximation, Newtons Divided Difference methods, forward differences, Survey of
methods and software.
Solutions of Equations in One Variable: The bisection method, Fixed point iteration, The Newton-Raphson Method, Error
Analysis.
Numerical Differentiation and Integration: Numerical Differentiation, Elements of Numerical Integration, Richardsons
Extrapolation, Intrapolation method.
9

Initial Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations: Elementary theory of Initial Value Problems, Eulers Method,
Runge-Kutta Methods.
Direct Methods for Solving Linear Systems: Linear Systems of Equations, Linear Algebra and Matrices , The Determinant
of a Matrix, Eigen values and Eigen Vectors.
Numerical Solutions of Nonlinear Systems of Equations: Solutions of nonlinear Algebraic Equations.
Statistical Methods: Laws of Probability, Population Statistics, sample space, random variables, Transform techniques,
Simple random Processes and their probability distribution, Elements of Statistical Inference, Data analysis.

Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

C. Brice, H. A. Luther & O. W. Jamesm, Applied Numerical Methods, 1998, Wiley.

C. F. Gerald Applied Numerical Analysis, 1998, Addison Wesley.
B. Faires, Numerical Analysis, 2003, PWS Publishing Co.
M. L. James, Numerical Methods for Digital Computers, 2000, Harper & Row.
Kendal E Atkinson, An Introduction to Numerical Analysis, 1998, Wiley.

List of Experiments
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

Introduction of Matlab environment.

Generate Geometric series of N terms and sum of the terms.
Generate Arithmetic series of N terms and sum of the terms.
Generate Fibonacci series of N terms and sum of the terms.
To find the value of ln(1+x) using Taylor series.
To find the value of Sin(x) and Cos(x) using Taylor series.
To find the root of nonlinear equation by using Bisection method.
To find the root of nonlinear equation by using Regula Falsi method.
To find the root of nonlinear equation by using Secant method.
To find the root of nonlinear equation by using Newton Raphson method.
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Determinant and Inverse of the matrix.
Solve the equations by Gauss Elimination method.
Solve the equations by Gauss Jordon method.
Solve the equations by Gauss Siedal and Jacobi method.
Interpolation using Newton forward difference method.
Interpolation using Newton backward difference method.
Integration by Trapezoidal method.
Integration by Simpson method.
Romberg Integration method.
Richardson extrapolation method.
Ordinary differential equation by Euler method and simplified Euler method.
Runge-Kutta method.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: IV
: Electronic Communications
: Appl. Phys. 406
:3+0

Modulation Principles: AM FM, Pulse Modulation, Power relationship, Assignable Frequency spectrum.
Transmitters: Various types and Circuits, Double Modulation AM with Pulse width modulation, FM Radio frequency band,
Direct and Indirect Frequency Modulation(Phase Modulation).
Receivers: Super-heterodyne receivers, Double conversion receivers, circuits, The Front end, IF amplifiers, Detectors, AGC,
Audio amplifiers, Limiters, squelch circuits, AM stereos, FM radio frequency bands, FM detector circuits, Stereo FM
receivers, Loudspeakers.
RF Antennas: Radiation field, isotropic radiator, Antenna Characteristics, Half-wave Dipole antenna, Vertical Antenna, Nonresonant Antenna, Driven Array, Parasitic Array and Gain Calculations.
Television: Scanning principles, Deflection systems, video camera tubes, video picture signal, TV receiver front end, Color
TV receivers.

10

Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Roy Blake, Electronic Communication Systems, 2nd Ed., 2002, Prentice Hall.
Martin S. Roden, Analog and Digital Communication Systems, 4th Ed., 2001, Discovery Press.
Simon Hayken, Communication Systems, 4th Ed., 2001, John Wiley& Sons.
Kenneth K. Clarke, Communication Circuits: Analysis and Design, Krieger Publishing Co., 2002.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: IV
: Solid State Physics
: Appl. Phys. 408
:3+0

Crystal Structures: Crystalline and amorphous solids. Bravais and Non- Bravais lattices and their properties. Planes and
directions in crystals. Crystal structures analysis techniques. Atomic scattering factor and Geometrical structure factors.
Reciprocal lattices.
Lattice Dynamics: One dimensional mono and diatomic vibrations. Dispersion curves. Inelastic scattering for study of
dispersion curves of real crystals. Specific heat models. Thermal conductivity of insulators. Thermal expansion.
Free Electron Theory of Metals: Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and Specific heat of metals based upon Drude
& Lorentz and Sommerfeld models.
Band Theory of Solids: Motion of electron in a periodic potential. Development of energy Bands. Brillioun zones. Dynamics
of electron in a band. (Concept of free electron, effective mass, hole. etc.)
Nearly free electron and tight binding
approximation. Classification of solids. Application of NFE on real metals (i.e. Brillioun zones and Fermi surfaces of
metals.).
Dielectric & Magnetic Properties of Solids: Macroscopic and microscopic view of Dielectrics. Sources of Dielectric
polarizability Electronic polarizability. Ionic polarizability Piezoelectricity and Electrostriction Ferroelectrics, Magnetic
dipole strength. Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism. Spin Ferromagnetic domains. Anti ferromagnetism
and Ferrimagnetisms.

Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

J. S. Blakemore, Solid State Physics, 2nd Ed., 1985, Cambridge University Press.
John P. McKelvey, Solid State and Semiconductor Physics, 1982, Krieger Pub. Co.
M. Ali Omar, Elementary Solid State Physics, 4th Ed., 1993, Addison Wesley.
Harold T. Stokes, Solid State Physics, Prentice Hall, 1987.
Richard H. Bube, Electrons in Solids, 3rd Ed., 1992, Academic Press.
R.K. Puri, Solid State Physics, 2004, Chand & Company Ltd.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: IV
: Linear Integrated Circuit
: Appl. Phys. 410
:3+0

Introduction to Operational Amplifiers, AC and DC characteristics of Op Amps, Open loop and close loop circuits, Inverting
and Non inverting amplifiers, Summing amplifiers, Differential and instrumentation amplifiers, Op Amp comparators,
Integrators and differentiators, Wave form generators; square wave generators, Ramp generators, Sine wane generators,
Function generators. Active filters; Characteristics and frequency response, Active versus Passive filters, First Order Low
pass Filter, High pass Active Filters, Band pass Filters, State Variable Filters, Notch Filters etc.
Digitally Controlled Frequency Synthesizer PLL Synthesizer, Integrated-circuit timers, Linear IC voltage regulators.

Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits, 4 th Ed., William D. Stanley, 2001, Prentice Hall.
Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits, 6 th Ed., Robert F. Coughlin & Fredrick F. Driscoll, 2001,
Prentice Hall.
The Analysis and Design of Linear Circuits, 5th Ed., Roland E. Thomas, 2006, Wiley Edition.
Application and Design with Analog Integrated Circuits, J. Michael Jacobs, 1996, Prentice Hall.
11

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: IV
: Lab-IV --L.I.C. & Communications
: Appl. Phys. 412
:0+3

List of Experiments:
1.

Operational Amplifier Characteristics

2.

Basic Operational Amplifier Circuits

3.

Non-Linear Operational Amplifier Circuits

4.

OP AMP Oscillators

5.

Frequency Response and Filters

6.

Amplitude Modulation

7.

Amplitude Demodulation

8.

Time Division Multiplexing

9.

Frequency Modulation

10. Single Chip FM Radio Circuits

11. Phase Locked Loop
12. FSK Modulation and DeModulation
13. Pulse Amplitude Modulation and sample and Hold
14. Adaptive Delta Modulation and Demodulation

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

:V
: Signals & Systems
: Appl. Phys. 501
:3+0

Signal and System Characteristics and Models, Linear Systems, Continuous Discrete Time Systems, Time Domain Analysis of
Continuous Time Systems, Convolution and Impulse Response, Spectral Analysis of Continuous Time Systems, Fourier Series,
Fourier Transforms, Analysis of Continuous Time Systems using the Laplace Transform and applications, State Variable for
Continuous Time Systems, principles of filter design, Time Domain Analysis of Discrete Time Systems, Introduction to ZTransforms.

Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Steven T. Karris, Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, 2001, Orchard Publications.
Taan S. El Ali & Muhammad A. Karim, Continuous Signals and Systems with MATLAB, 2001, CRC Press Inc.
John D. Sharrick, Concepts in Systems and Signals, 2001, Prentice Hall.
Douglas K. Lindner, Introduction to Signals and Systems, 1999, McGraw Hill.
Simon Haykin & Barry Van Veen, Signals and Systems, 1999, Wiley.
Douglas K. Linder, Introduction to Signals and Systems, 1999, McGraw Hill.
Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky & S. Hamid Nawab, Signals and Systems, 2nd Ed., 1997, Prentice Hall.

12

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

:V
: Power Electronics
: Appl. Phys. 503
:3+0

Definition of Power Electronics, Key characteristics, Power Diode types their ratings and typical applications. Thyristors
their characteristics, structures, types and applications. Power Transistors, Power MOSFETS, MOS controlled Thyristors,
Power Rectifiers, Single Phase Controlled Rectifiers, Three Phase Rectifiers. DC-DC Convertors, Inverters, Ac-AC
converters., Power Supplies. DC and AC Derives. Automotive Applications of Power Electronics.

Books Recommended
1.
2.
3.
4.

Muhammad H. Rashid, Power Electronics, 2006, Prentice Hall.

Muhammad H. Rashid, Power Electronics Handbook, Editor, 2004, Academic Press.
P. T. Krien, Elements of Power Electronics, 2002, Oxford University Press.
P. C. Sen, Power Electronics, 2001, Tata McGraw Hill.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

:V
: Digital Electronics
: Appl. Phys. 505
:3+0

Combinational logic: Binary number representation; 2's complement and 1's complement, basic logic gates AND, OR, NOT,
EX-OR/NOR; universal logic gates NAND/NOR; Karnaugh mapping for logical statement minimisation; identification of
static hazard conditions.
Combinational logic applications: Full adder/subtractor; carry look ahead; simple encoders; parity checking; use of digital
simulator.
Sequential logic: Derivation of the basic RS latch; design of T, D, JK flip flop, including truth tables, characteristic equations,
master-slave operation/edge triggering; brief discussion of race conditions.
Sequential logic applications: Design of counters; operation of parallel/serial input/output shift register; design of simple
multiplexer, feedback shift register circuits.
Switching/logic circuits: Switching properties of BJT, FET; basic circuit operation of BJT and MOS gates; comparison of
common logic families and identification of their interfacing requirements. Introduction to Microcomputers, I/Os, Buses,
Microprocessors, Memories and Storage Devices.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Steve Waterman, Digital Logic Simulation and CPLD Programming with VHDL, 2002, Prentice Hall.
William Kleitz, Digital Electronics: A Practical Approach, 6th Ed., 2002, Prentice Hall.
Nigel P. Cook, Digital Electronics with PLD Integration, 2001, Prentice Hall.
Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 9th Ed., 2005, Prentice Hall.
Ronald J. Tocci, Digital Systems: Principles and Applications, 8th Ed., 2001, Prentice Hall.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

:V
: Semiconductor Devices
: Appl. Phys. 507
:3+0

Semiconductor Material, Elemental and compound. Fermi-Dirac Distribution. Intrinsic, extrinsic and compensated
Semiconductor. Mobility, Drift and Diffusion processes. Carrier generation and recombination, Quasi-Fermi levels.
Formation of P-N junction. Biased P-N junction. Non- uniformly doped junctions, Linearly Graded and Hyper abrupt
junctions. Metal-Semiconductor and Hetero-Junctions. Bipolar transistor, Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
(MOSFET), Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFET). Photonic Devices, Avalanche Diodes and Quantum Wells.

13

Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Donald A. Neamen, Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Principles, 2nd Ed., 1997, Irwin-McGraw-Hill.
S. M. Sze, Semiconductor Devices Physics and Technology1985, Wiley.
Michael Shur, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 1990, Prentice-Hall International.
Karl Hess, Advanced Theory of Semiconductor Devices, 1988, Prentice-Hall International.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

:V
: Lab-V Digital Electronics
: Appl. Phys. 511
:0+3

List of Experiments:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Logic Inverter and Gates

NOR, NAND Gates and Exclusive OR Gate
Verify Laws of Boolean Algebra using Gates
Multiplexers
Decoders
BCD to Decimal Decoder Driver
Seven-segment LEDs and Decoder Drivers
Adder, subtracter and 4 bit Arithmatic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Flip Flops, Astable, Monostable Multivibrators.
Shift Registers
Counters
Random Access Memory (RAM)

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VI
: Microprocessors
: Appl. Phys. 502
:2+1

Basic Microprocessor Architectural Concepts, Microprocessor Architecture- Families, Intel Microprocessors an Introduction,
Pinout and Instruction set, Assembly Language Programming, Assembly Language
Programming Techniques,
IF-THEN-ELSE Structures, Procedures and Macros, Instruction Descriptions and Assembler Directives, Communicating
with Microprocessors, Microprocessor I/O, Operating System and System Software, 32/64 bit Microprocessors, Architecture
and Instruction set, Memory and Task Management Hardware Features, Coprocessors and Other Advance Microprocessors,
Microcontrollers, Architecture of Microcontrollers, Instruction sets. Application of Microcontrollers. Introduction to
Transputers.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Ramesh S. Gaonkar, Microprocessore Archetecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085, 5 th Ed., 2000,
Prentice Hall.
Kenneth Kleitz, 80251 Microcontroller, 2000, Prentice Hall.
Douglas V. Hall, Microprocessors and Interfacing, 2nd Ed., 1990, McGraw Hill.
Charles M. Gilmore, Microprocessors, Principles and Applications, 1989, McGraw Hill.
William Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture, 1990, Maxwell MacMillan.

List of Experiments
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Introduction to assembly program development tools (Debug and CodeView)

Data transfer instruction Group
Arithmetic and Logic instruction Group
Unconditional and conditional jump instruction
Procedures and software interrupts
String manipulation instruction group
Disk I/O in assembly language
Bios routines
14

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VI
: Industrial Electronics & Automation
: Appl. Phys. 504
:3+0

Switches: Manual, Mechanical, Electromechanical, Solenoids and Electronic Switches.

Time Delay Circuits: Passive and active time delay circuits.
Phase Shift Control: SCR and Triac circuits for phase shift control.
Motor and Motor Control: DC, Stepper, AC and Servo Motors construction characteristics and parameters, mathods of
Electronic Motor control.
Transducers: Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Displacement, Flow and Level.
Process Control: Process characteristics, On-Off, Proportional, Integral, Differential and PID controllers.
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC): Symbolic, Design of sequential control using Ladder Logic. Architecture of PLC,
Instruction Set, Languages such as Statement List (STL), Functional Block Diagrams (FBD) and Graphical Flow.
Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Distributed Control Systems (DCS).
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Timothy J. Maloney, Modern Industrial Electronics, 4th Ed., 2001, Prentice Hall.
Colin D. Simpson, Industrial Electronics, 1996, Prentice Hall.
T. Humphirees and Leslie P. Sheets, Industrial Electronics. 3rd Ed., James 1989, Delmar Publishers.
Charles A. Schuler & W. L. McNamee, Modern Industrial Electronics. 2nd Ed., 1993, McGraw Hill.
John Webb, Programmable Logic Controllers: Principles and Applications, 2 nd Ed., 1998, Maxwell Macmillan.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VI
: Renewable Energy Technology
: Appl. Phys. 506
:3+0

Energy basis, units, energy and power, energy sources, historical development and trends of energy sources, conventional
energies, renewable energies, potential of energy sources, essentials of fluid dynamics, Heat transfer.
Energy and environment, problems related with energy sources, air pollution, acid rain, greenhouse effects, climate change
and sustainable development
Wind Energy Overview, Power from Wind, Wind Resource, Wind Power Developments, Overview of Turbine Technology,
Aerodynamics and Power Control, Power theory, Electricity Generation and Integration, Planning an O&M program.
Solar Energy Overview, Solar Resource, Solar irradiation components and their properties, PV and Solar Irradiation, PV
design, Units and power characteristics, Grid connection, PV Application. Buildings and other solar applications.
Introduction to other Renewable Energy Sources, Biomass Energy, Geothermal Energy, Tidal Energy, Wave Energy, Hydro
Energy, Introduction to New Storage Technologies.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

B. Sorensen, Renewable Energy, 3rd Ed., 2004, Academic Publisher.

S.A. Abbasi & N. Abbasi, Renewable Energy Resources & Their Environmental Impact, 2002, Prentice-Hall.
G. D. Rai, Non-Conventional Energy Sources, 1998, Khanna Publishers.
Paul Gipes, Wind Energy Basics, 1999, Chelsea Green Publisher,
F.N. Laird, Solar Energy, 2007, Cambridge Univ. Press.
John Twindell & Tony Weir, Renewable Energy Resources, 2nd Edition, 2006, Taylor and Francis.
Cassedy, E. S. and Grossman P. G., Introduction to Energy Resources Technology and Society, 2002, Cambridge.

15

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VI
: Quantum Electronics
: Appl. Phys. 508
:3+0

Propagation of EM waves in isotropic, anisotropic and lens like media, brief overview of polarization of EM waves,
Propagation of EM waves in planer waveguides, channel wave guides and integrated optics, optical coupling between wave
guides, couple mode electro optic devices, optical fibers.
Optoelectronic interaction in semiconductors, optoelectronic devices, The Light emitting diode, semiconductor lasers,
quantum wells and quantum well lasers, Photo-detectors, Photoelectric and photovoltaic devices, p-i-n photodiodes, phototransistors.
Acousto-optic, magneto-optic, and electro-optic devices, optical modulators, Non-linear optics, second harmonic generation,
parametric amplifiers, Erbium doped fiber amplifiers, optical solutions
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Amnon Yariv, Quantum Electronics, 3rd Ed., 1989, Wiley.

Max Schubert & Bernd Wilhelmi, Nonlinear Optics and Quantum Electronics, , 1986, Wiley-Interscience.
Hartmut Haug & Stephan W. Koch, Quantum Theory of the Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconductors, 4th Ed,
2004, World Scientific Publishing Co.
C. L. Tang, Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics: For Solid State Electronics and Optics, 2005, Cambridge University
Press.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VI
: Organizational Behavior & Project Management
: Appl. Phys. 510
:3+0

Human Behavior, change, leadership, teams, models, organizational culture, formal and informal organization, social
environment. Introduction to Project Management, Project Management framework, Project life cycle, Organizational
structures, Standard for Project Management of a Project, project initiation.
Project Planning: Scope Management, Resource Management, Time Management, Cost Management, Quality Management,
Risk Planning, Procurement Planning, Project Plan.
Project Execution: Project Execution, Quality Assurance, Information Distribution, Developing Project Team.
Project Controlling: Scope Verification, Schedule Control, Cost Control, Quality Control, Risk Control, Monitoring &
Controlling Project Work, Earned Value Management.
Project Closing: Closing Project, Contract Closure.
MS Project: Introduction to MS Project, Creating Task List, Creating Resource List, Resource Assignment, Fine Tuning
Project, Tracking Project Progress, Tracking Assignments & Resource Leveling, Reporting.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Robert K. Wysocki, Effective Project Management: Traditional, Adaptive, Extreme, 4 th Ed., 2006, Willy.
PMI, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, 2000, Project Management Institute.
Harold Kerzner, Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling, 9 th Ed., 2005.
Wiley.
McShane, Mary Ann Von Glinor, Organizational Behavior, Steven 2008, McGraw Hill.
Derek Rollinson, Organizational Behavior and Analysis, 4th Edn., 2008, Pearson Education.
John B. Miner, Organizational Behavior, Foundations, Theories and Analysis, 2002, Oxford University Press.
Debra L. Nelson, Organizational Behavior: Foundations, Reality and Challenges, 2005, South Western Publisher.

16

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VI
: Lab-VI Industrial Electronics & PLC
: Appl. Phys. 512
:0+3

List of Experiments:
1.

To develop understanding about the digital to analog (D/A) and analog to digital (A/D) conversion techniques

2.

To demonstrate use of LM-566 as voltage to frequency converter and a frequency modulator

3.

To build and determine characteristics of a digital phase generator and an exclusive OR phase detector

4.

To study the characteristics of phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit

5.

To study RC phase shift circuit and Ramp-Pedestal circuit

6.

To design relaxation oscillator using UJT and PUT

7.

To construct and study time delay circuits

8.

To understand frequency shift keying (FSK) principle by building a generator & demodulator

9.

Control of power through load using thyristors (SCR, TRIACS)

10. Study cosine-wave, Ramp-Comparator and digital triggering circuits for thyristors
11. Study series inverter and chopper circuits
12. Study principles of synchronization by building sweep generator and digital phase shift controller
13. Manual and electronic control of DC and stepper motors
14. Study ON-OFF proportional and proportional integrated process control
15. Build and perform a closed loop temperature controller using LM-35 temperature sensor.
16. Experiments on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) as task assigned by the course incharge.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VII
: Microprocessor Interfacing
: Appl. Phys. 601
:1+2

Introduction to computing, The 8051 microcontroller, 8051 Assembly language programming, Jump, loop and call
instructions, I/O port programming, 8051 addressing modes, Arithmetic and logic instructions and programs, 8051
programming in C, 8051 hardware connection and Intel HEX file.
8051 timer programming, 8051 serial port programming, Interrupts programming, LCD and keyboard interfacing, ADC,
DAC and sensor interfacing, 8051 interfacing to external memory, 8051 interfacing with 8255, RTC interfacing and
programming, Motor control: relay, PWM, DC and stepper motor.

Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

W. Stewart & Kai X. Miao, The 8051 Microcontroller: Hardware, Software and Interfacing, 2 nd Ed., James 1999,
Prentice Hall.
I. Scott MacKenzie, The 8051 Microcontroller, 2nd Ed., 1995, Prentice-Hall.
Muhammad A. Mazidi, Janice G. Mazidi & Rolin D. McKinlay, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, 2 nd
Ed., 2006, Pearson Prentice-Hall.
Barry B. Brey, The Intel Microprocessors Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing, 6 th Ed., 2003, Prentice-Hall.
M. A. Mazidi & J. G. Mazidi, , The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers (Volume II): Design and Interfacing,
2003, Prentice Hall.

17

List of Experiments
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Interfacing of Clock, Reset and De-multiplexing circuits

Memory Address Decoding circuit interfacing
RAM and ROM circuit interfacing
Interfacing of 82C55 PPIA
Interfacing of intelligent LCD
16 Keys Keyboard Interface
Stepper Motor interface
DC Motor speed control interface
Interfacing ADC and DAC to the 8051 microcontroller
Dot Matrix LED display interface

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VII
: Microwave Communication Systems
: Appl. Phys. 603
:3+0

Transmission Lines: Characteristic Impedance, losses, Quarter and Half-wave transmission lines, Reactance properties of
transmission lines. Waveguides: Rectangular waveguides, Circular waveguides, Methods of exciting waveguide, waveguide
coupling, Impedance matching and tuning, Cavity Resonators.
Radiation and Propagation of waves: Effects of Environment, Tropospheric scatter propagation, Extraterrestrial propagation.
Antennas: Effects of Ground on antennas, Antenna coupling, UHF and Microwave antennas, Phase array antennas.
Microwave tubes and Circuits: Klystron, Reflex Klystron, Magnetron, Traveling-wave tubes. Semiconductor Microwave
Devices and Circuits: Varactor and Step Recovery diodes, Parametric Amplifiers, Tunnel diodes, Gunn effect diode,
Schottky barrier diodes.
Pulse Communications: Pulse Code Communications, Delta Modulation, Characteristic of data Transmission Circuits, Error
detection and Correction.
Radar Systems: Radar performance factor, Types, Pulse Radar system, Antennas and Scanning, Display Methods, Moving
Target Indication Radar, Radar beacons. CW Radars.
Books Recommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

H. Sizun, Radio Wave Propagation for Telecommunication Applications, 2007, Springer-Verlag.

A. Bruce Carlson, Communication Systems 2002, McGraw Hill.
Andrew Leven, Telecommunication Circuits and Technology, 2000, CRC Press.
Edgar Hund, Microwave Communications: Components and Circuits, 1989, McGraw Hill.
Kennedy and Davis, Electronic Communication Systems, Fourth Ed., 1993, McGraw Hill.
Philip C. Magnusson, Transmission Lines and Wave Propagation, Third Edition, 1992, CRC Press.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VII
: Optical Fiber Communication Systems
: Appl. Phys. 605
:2+1

Overview of Optical Fiber Communications, Optical Fiber Structure, Waveguide and Fabrication. Signal degradation in
Optical Fibers, Optical Sources, Power Launching and Coupling. Photodetectors, Optical Receiver operation, Digital
Transmission. Analog systems. WDM concepts and componenets. Optical Amplifiers.
Books Recommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber communications, 3rd Edition, 2000, McGraw Hill.
R. P. Khare, Fiber Optic and Optoelectronics, , 2004, Oxford Press.
Harold Kolimbiris, Fiber Optics Communications, 2004, Pearson.
G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, 2002, John Wiley.
Wilson and J. Hawkes, Optoelectronics, J. 1998, Preintice Hall.
S. C. Gupta, Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, 2005, PHI.

18

List of Experiments:
1. Comparison of LED and LD diode characteristics.
2. Attenuation of Optical Fiber Links
3. Bandwidth and Fiber Dispersion measurement.
4. Eye diagram for direct output of the PRBS generator
5. Eye diagram for transmission of the LED signal over a 1 meter patchchord.
6. Investigation of variation of fiber length for the LED transmitter- Rise time, 80% pulse width and Jitter.
7. Investigation of variation of fiber length for the LED transmitter- Nose, Q-factor and BER.
8. Investigation of eye diagram for the laser transmitter.
9. Investigation of Q-factor and BER as a function of increasing link length.
10. Investigation of Q-factor and BER as a function of increasing bit rate.
Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VII
: Data Communication & Networks
: Appl. Phys. 607
:3+0

Protocol Architecture, Analogue and Digital data transmission and media, Signal Encoding, Asynchronous and Synchronous
transmission, Data link control, Multiplexing, Circuit switching, Packet switching, Soft switch architecture, Frame Relays,
Routing in switched Networks, Asynchronous Transfer Mode, Local Area Network Technology, LANs Architecture,
Topologies, LANs systems, Fiber Network, SONET.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

Stallings, Data and Computer Communications, 7th Ed., William 2003, Pearson Education.
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4th Ed., 2002, Prentice Hall.
Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communications and Networking, 2004, McGraw Hill.
David Miller, Data Communications and Networks, 2005, McGraw-Hill.
Regis J. Bates & Donald W. Gregory, Voice & Data Communications Handbook, 5th Ed., 2006, McGraw-Hill.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VII
: Lab-VII Telecommunications /Project
: Appl. Phys. 611
:0+3

List of Experiments:
1.

Video Communications with Microwave links

2.

Voice Communications with Microwave links

3.

VSWR Measurements and TX Line Impedance

4.

Frequency and Wavelength Measurements

5.

Power Measurements and Line Attenuation

6.

Transmission Line Tuning and Use of the smith chart

7.

The Hybrid-T Wave guide

8.

The Three port Directional Coupler

9.

The Gunn Oscillator

10. Horn Antenna Gain calculations

11. Horn Antenna Gain Measurements
12. Power Gain and beam width Horn measurements
13. Plotting of H and E Plane Patterns
14. Modulation of Microwave Transmitters
15. The Microwave Receiver
19

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VIII
: Digital Signal Processing
: Appl. Phys. 602
:3+0

Introduction to Digital disease and discrete time Signals, Discrete time Systems, Convolution, Correlation and Filtering,
Processing of Random Signals, Signals Recovery, Conditioning Detection and Prediction, A/D and D/A Conversion
Sampling, Interpolation and Sampling Theorem, Windows and Windowing, Analogue Filters, Elliptical Filters, Frequency
band Transformation, Bilinear Transformation, Frequency and Time Multiplexing.
The Z-Transform and Its Application to Discrete Time Systems, Realization of Linear Digital Systems, IIR and FIR Digital
Filter Design, The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Frequency Response Characteristics, Sampling and Generalized ,
Convolution, Weighting functions, Whittaker's Reconstruction Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), FFT using Time
Decomposition , FFT Using Frequency Decomposition, FFT Error Analysis. Linear Prediction Coefficients (LPC).
Signal Processing System Design, Adaptive Filters.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Andrew Bateman & Lain Paterson-Stephens, The DSP Handbook: Algorithms, Applications and Design Techniques,
2002, Prentice Hall.
S.D. Stears & D. R. Hush, Digital Signal Analysis, 1990, Prentice Hall.
Kehtarnavaz & Mansour Keramat, DSP System Design: Using the TMS320C6000, Naseer 2001, Prentice Hall.
Henrik V. Sorensen & Jianping Chen, A Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Using the TMS320C30, 1997, Prentice
Hall.
Vinay K. Ingle & John G. Proakis, Digital Signal Processing Using MATLAB, 2000, Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VIII
: Instrumentation
: Appl. Phys. 604
:3+0

Measurement Principles, Noise Sources, Detection and Noise Removal, Quality Control: Definition and purpose of
Instruments, Data analysis, Data presentation (graphing techniques), Curve fitting, Type of Errors, Estimation of Errors using
Statistical techniques.
Measurement System: Block Diagram of Functional Elements of a typical Instrument. Model relating Input and Output.
Effect of interfacing inputs on otpus and its correction methods.
Generalized Performance Evaluation of Instruments: STATIC: Sensitivity, Linearity, Range, Resolution, Hysterises
Threshold and Dead Span. Calibration.
Dynamic: Design Criteria, Mathematical Modeling, Determination of Parameters by applying Step, Ramp, Impulse and
Sinusoidal wavelet inputs to models. Experimental methods of parameters evaluation.
Noise: Basic definition, Intrinsic noises, Extrinsic noise coupling such as Conductive, Capacitive, Magnetic and
Electromagnetic. Noise protection methods such as Shielding and Grounding. Safety Grounding and Signal Grounding.
Noise in Digital Systems.
Signal Recovery Techniques: Spectral contents of Noise, Statistical Methods of describing Stochastic signals. Elimination of
Noise by Cross Correlation, Autocorrelation, Examples of use of these techniques in instruments such as Lock-In Amplifier
and Frequency Response Amplifier (FRA).
Biomedical Instrumentation: basic Biophysics: Flux Effluence, Drift and Diffusion of Particles, Brownian movement, Cells,
Membrane, Nernst Equation, Axon and Mussels. Electrical Properties of Biological systems. Action potential. ECG and EEG
signals.
Radiation Effects on Biological systems and Related Instrumentation: Sonic (Ultrasounds), RF (MRI) and Heating, Infrared
(Diathermy), Optical (Laser surgery), Ultraviolet (Diathermy), X-rays (general X-ray, CT Scanning).
Clinical Instrumentation: Biological Signal detection, Electrodes and Transducers. ECG machine construction. PH measuring
system, Photometers, Colorimeters, Blood Cell Counters.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Curtis Johnson, Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8 th Ed., 2005, Prentice Hall.
Douglas O de Sa, Instrumentation Fundamentals for Process Control, 2001, CRC Press.
John G. Webster, Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design, 3rd Ed., 1997, Wiley.
John P. Bentley, Principles of Measurement Systems, 4th Ed., 2005, Pearson.
Patrick H. Garrett, Advanced Instrumentation and Computer I/O Design, 2000, Wiley-IEEE Press.
20

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VIII
: Wireless Communications
: Appl. Phys. 606
:3+0

Introduction to Wireless Communication, Wireless Communication Standards, Types of Wireless Communication systemss,
Cellular concepts, Mobile Radio Propagation, Large scale path loss mechanisms and small scale fading and multipath.
Modulation techniques for mobile Radio., Equalization, Diversity and channel coding. Probability of Transmission error,
Receiver Techniques for Fading Dispersive Channels, Cellular Communications, Frequency reuse and Mobility management,
Co-channel Interference factor, Foliage loss, Path loss in point to point, Cell-Site antennas, Power control, Multiple Access
Techniques: Aloha systems, Carrier Sense Multiple access, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Spectral efficiency, Mobility
management in Wireless Network, Wireless/Wireline Internetworking.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

John W. Mark & Weihua Zhuang, Wireless Communication and Networking, 2005, Pearson Prentice Hall.
Theodore S. Rappaport,Wireless. Communications, Principles and Practice, 2nd edition, 2002, Pearson..
, Ian Poole, Cellular Communications Explained2006, Newness.
Jochen Schiller, Mobile Communications, 2nd Ed., 2003, Pearson Education.
NIIT, Advanced Digital Communication Systems, 2005, Prentice Hall.
Vieri Vanghi & Aleksander Damnjanovic, The CDMA system for Mobile Communication, 2004, Pearson Education.
Regis J. Bates & Donald W. Gregory, Voice & Data Communications Handbook, 5th Ed., 2006, McGraw-Hill.

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VIII
: Control Systems
: Appl. Phys. 608
:3+0

Mathematical Models of Physical Systems, Reviewing of Laplace Transform, Transfer Functions and System Response, First
order and Second order systems, Higher order systems, Feedback Control Systems, Routh's Method, Root Locus Analysis
and Design, Frequency Response Analysis and Design, Nyquist diagram and stability criterion, Bode Diagrams and analysis,
State Space Analysis and Design, Analogue Control Systems, Digital Control Systems, Digital Control Using
Microprocessors and DSP Processors, Computer Controlled Systems.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Curtis J. Johnson & Heidaer Malki, Control Systems Technology, 2001, Prentice Hall.
Theodore E. Djaferis, Automatic Control: The Power of Feedback Using MATLAB, 2000, Brooks/Cole Publishing.
John Van De Vegte, Feedback Control Systems, 3rd Ed., 1994, Prentice-Hall.
R. J. Vaccaro, Digital Control: A State Space Approach, 1995, McGraw Hill.
Ernest O. Doebelin, Ernest O. Doebelin, Control System; Principle and Design, 1985, John Wiley & Sons.
Morris Driels, Linear Control Systems Engineering, 1996, McGraw Hill.
Charles L. Phillips & H. Troy Nagle, Digital Control System Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed., 1995, Prentice
Stanley M. Shinners, Advanced Modern Control System: Theory and Design, 1998, John Wiley & Sons.

21

Semester
Course Title
Course No.
Credit Hours

: VIII
: Lab VIII Digital Signal Processing/ Project
: Appl. Phys. 612
:0+3

List of Experiments:
1.

Introduction to development environment (DSK) of TMS320C5x Digital Signal Processor./ To study aliasing effects of
A/D converters.

2.

Tone Generator using TMS320C5x DSK.

3.

To demonstrate the problems of converting an analog signal into a digital representation.

4.

To demonstrate digital filters and how a filter can change a signal.

5.

Fast Fourier transform of time domain signals.

6.

To study the spectral characteristics of human voice signal.

22