1

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
The first and foremost, learning is every individual needs in order to survive this
continuously changing word is reading. Education is one of the most important factors
that contribute to the development of the country. Its main goal is to help the learners to
acquire the knowledge and necessary skills in the desired learning competencies of
particular subject areas. In the same way, people in the academe are continuously
discovering and introducing varied teaching strategies supported by relevant and
adequate innovations in instructional and learning materials to help the learners in
achieving quality education in the field of English.
Modern living demands that an individual should know how to read. The
tremendous amount of printed materials that surround him requires considerable ability in
this respect. There are sign to read and interpret everywhere he goes. There are forms to
fill out, schedule to follow, advertisements and countless other things that demand
reading ability. There are large number of books, magazines, newspapers, brochures and
pamphlets.
Reading is considered to be the most important subject in the curriculum of the
modern secondary subject of study. It is certainly the most fundamental subject of study.
In modern social life, the ability and desire to read enables one to develop a wide
acquaintance with the enjoyment of the affairs of man and the enjoyment of the affairs of

man and his surroundings. In a typical public school, reading is an essential tool which
formal education can be attained.
Reading is one of the most important skill should be taught to Filipino students. It
is the foundation upon which he will build new skills, expand knowledge and desire great
satisfaction.
Deficiency in reading may make students less productive. Time and money will
be wasted. What we will produce are less productive young people who are the hope of
tomorrow, so, it is a wakeup call to educators to screen reading expertise of teachers who
will be assigned to teach reading.
Education is the primary factor for the progress and development. Without
education, life would be unbearable. The role of education for individuals development
is a fact that the state recognizes, hence it is the duty of the state to provide education to
its citizens.
The teacher can likewise use the module as a supplementary material in teaching.
Since using the module would require lesser time in giving lecture, the teacher can have
more time to his/her other functions and assignments without sacrificing the quality of
instructions.
Furthermore, the use of the module is an attempt to improve instructions in
English 4 by making lessons more interesting and meaningful to the student. It is a guide
to help teachers more competent and effective in performing job.
It is likewise believed that the production of the modules can make the
administration realize the importance of producing similar instructional materials which

will eventually convince them to conduct more training on the development of

instructional materials for almost, if not all, faculty members in the University
The learners is the center of any educative processes, and the goal of education is
to develop the full potential of an individual for him to be functional member of the
society and so the teacher as the key factor and facilitator of learning should plan a highly
flexible program and provide a stimulating environment for the children and to develop
their varied interest and abilities and to satisfy their needs. The teacher should create a
material that can help the learners to enhance their weaknesses and develop their selfconfidence through learning by themselves.
Reading unlocks the doors of the vast storehouse of knowledge. Relatively, it is
the key in learning all subjects. Hence, students need to learn reading not only effectively
but also efficiently. According to Smith and Dechant (2004) Reading is the key to success
to the Development of school interest to the enjoyment of leisure time, to personal and
social adjustment. To meet this challenge, reading facilitators should continuously device
relevant ways and means. Among the many possible ways in helping students become
better readers is to use dynamic instructional materials. Modules are known as one of
these instructional materials.
Dr. A. Cruz as cited by Laylay (2001) defined module as instructional materials
that are self-contained with clearly defined objectives and with feedback and evaluation.
Aboga (2001) added that modular instruction as self-learning material containing a
logical presentation of subject matter instruction that enables the student to solve by their
own effort or no assistance at all from the teacher.

Meanwhile Niesca (2005) enumerated the essential contents of the modules such
as rational objectives, entry test, multimedia materials, and learning activities and selftest. Niesca defined each part as; rational provider an overview for designing
instructional materials and explanations on why the learners should try it; Objectives
write about what the learner is expected to gain from studying the instructional materials
and each objective is written in performance term; Entry test diagnosis whether the
learner already has mastered the skills to be taught; Multi Media Materials activity
utilized number of senses; Learning activities increase student's interest and meet their
needs through variety of methods; Self-test gives students a chance to review and check
their own program.
Mans reading world is a reading world. Discoveries, investigations, and studies
come to his knowledge through the printed form. His knowledge, skills, abilities,
attitudes and appreciations are enriched through extensive reading.
Reading is a learning aid. It is essential for the various kinds of learning; hence,
critics claim that most failures in schools are attributed to reading deficiencies. Although
it is possible to learn to speak a language without having a glimpse of its written form.
Reading is considered an important phase is foreign language teaching. It brings
the people into contact with enormous amount of the experience of other people, thus,
fostering greater understanding of the world and of the societies of people that live in it.
Reading works in concert with all other forms of experiences to further the
development of individuals. It is a purposeful activity which may change the outlook of
the reader, broadens his interests, aids in the reconstruction of his experience, refines his

tastes, stimulates intellectual and emotional growth, and various ways promotes the
development of a rich and stable personality.
Since reading is an important factor to success in school as well as in life,
effective reading instruction assumes a major role in the aims and goals of education.
Various reading specialists share their views about reading.
Many educators believe that if children are to become capable of realizing their
potentials, they must acquire the basic tools required by the society. If a child leaves
school unable to read because of continuous difficulties, he suffers from communication
handicap which will sharply affect his choice of career, his learning capacity, and his role
as a member of a society whose daily bread is the printed words. If a pupil fails in these
aspects, the teacher has failed more.
Reading specialists believe that assessment of a childs reading. Readiness is the
first step that should be taken if successful teaching is to be achieved. The slogan Begin
where the child is has gained great importance in the educational plan of the school. A
childs total pattern of growth should be looked into since it exerts a great influence in his
progress in reading.
Because of the necessity of reading, the Department of Education (DEPED) made
many attempts to improve the overall quality and efficiency of teaching reading in the
elementary and secondary curricula. Due to this, Educational Institution should have
quality resources, quality instructions and quality products as vehicles. It also said that
one of the best features of a democratic society is the possibility of change that connotes
progress for a quality education. By this, the state shall therefore promote and maintain
quality education for the benefit of the entire citizen. Therefore, education should be

functional and relevant to the needs of the changing time. To realize these functions, the
government provides a strong effort to strengthen the world of education.
On the other hand, language has always been a crucial part of ones daily life that
focused to the learning process. It is a vital tool not only a means of communicating ideas
but also for cultural ties, economic relationship and forges friendship. Reading
proficiency would equip the students and enhance the needed language skills which are
necessary in the facilitation of critical and creative thinking skills enabling them to
perform and function well not only in academics but also in personal pursuits. It is very
important to look forward on to strengthen and reinforce English learners. Teaching aids
as well as instructional materials like module are alternative tools to uplift the learning
performance of the learners by mastering the lesson through varied activities that will be
presented in the developed and validated module.
In the study of Beronilla (2009) a careful selection and preparation of relevant
instructional materials as one of the major concerns if one is to intend of becoming a
teacher for it is his role to prepare instructional materials that would enhance the
effectiveness of the learning process.
Butler (1997) cited that individualized instruction provides each learners in
developing knowledge and skills as he goes on with the lesson for mastery, it also serves
as the bases in assessing the learning progress of a learner and at the same time it helps
teachers to focus their attention to the slow learners in coping up with the certain skills to
be developed among students.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Teaching strategies in reading are based on the philosophies and theories
regarding the meaning, nature and structure of reading. They are also based on the
important foundation disciplines such as Physiology, Psychology, Linguistics and
Sociology.
What is reading? Reading experts define reading in many ways. Their views about
reading may be summarized as follows:
Reading is a subtle and complex process that involves sensation, perception,
comprehension, application and integration.
Reading is the magic key to the world of enlightenment and enjoyment. It is the
basic for learning in all subject areas.
Reading is the process of making and getting meaning from printed word
symbols.
Reading is a meaning-giving meaning-getting process. It must begin and end with
an understanding of printed message.
Reading is not a reaction to test, but an interaction between writer and a reader
mediated through the testreading efficiency is a matter of how effective discourse the
teacher can create from the text, either in terms of rapport with the writer or in terms of
his purpose in engaging in the discourse in the first place, (Widdowson, 1979)
Children read well or poorly for certain definite causes and a teacher must be able
to make analysis of each cause and determine just the point of strength or weakness
before she can intelligently give help.

Emotional stability is another factor. Personality disturbances may be temporary

or relatively permanent block to effective and efficient reading. The development of a
good emotional climate for learning is one of the reading teachers first responsibilities.
Association abilities are essential to the reading process. The pupil must be able
to make associations between symbols and the facts or objects they represent. They must
be able to sense-relation. Some children need special instructional method to establish
association, such as the use of kinaesthesia and tactile aids to learning how to read.
Memory span also been found to have a significant effect on reading ability. In a
study of pupils from Grade II to Grade VI it was found that the group means scores on
memory span test were consistently higher for group readers than for poor readers.
Retention is a serious problem of memory span deficiencies exist.
The preparation of self-instructional modules includes careful analysis of the
course plan or syllabus, preparing preliminaries and designing of the learning activities.
The course plan is based on the course description as provided in the curriculum by the
institution or college. The module may involve one, a few or all the topics listed in the
course plan. The preliminaries include the rationale, objectives, target population, time
frame for completing the module and plan for work or instructional planning chart. The
design of the learning activities includes the objectives, directions, pre-test and key,
activity proper, self-evaluation exercises and post-tests.
Hughes (1992) described modular instruction as that which provides the basis for
a close interaction between the learner and the subject matter, that the learner is called
upon to respond actively in the interaction with an instructional program, and that the rate
at which the interaction proceeds is governed individually by each learners response. An

educational technique is then created and aptitudes are taken directly into consideration in
the management of the learning process, in a way that is hardly possible in the fixedpaced instruction typical of a classroom lecture.
The physical condition of the pupil has a strong influence on his chance of
reading effectively. Vision and hearing, general health starts are factors which affect
reading ability. The best reading performance is to be expected from pupil who is
physically fit.
Another important factor is language facility which includes of words,
understanding sentences, structure and usage.
There are also outside factors which have direct bearing on reading ability. The
environment in which reading is done has a strong influence on the readers ability. Most
people have difficulty reading in a noisy room.
With this study researchers would be able to know the strength and the
weaknesses of the students in reading comprehension and would be able to make some
remediation by means of giving set of questionnaires after reading a literary piece and
would propose a reading module for them.
The modularization of instruction has been set forth by educators as a viable
alternative to lecture method (Finch and Cruncilton 1993, cited in Ruguian 2001). This
approach is based on the idea that students are better able to learn if they do at their own
rates and study those areas that focus directly as mastery of a particular or set of
objectives.
Felipe (1999) conducted a study on the validation of modules in handicrafts for
the intermediate grades. In his study on the validation of modules in terms of objectives,

10

content and activities. Moreover, he addressed the effectiveness of the module in

developing the skills, knowledge, and attitudes of the pupils. Result of his study showed
that the objectives, content and activities of the module were valid with a categorical
description as very satisfactory. Likewise, it was revealed that the pupils learned much
from the modules after going through them.
The researchers are concerned with the poor comprehension of the students. This
study aimed to serve as an instructional material they can use in practicing their
comprehension and lexical ability. And also, as a basis in the future studies related to the
present study.
English language has attained the status of a global tongue. Culture and
civilization have come to an age when enormous members of people have study in a
language. That is not their own, which is a need for more effective techniques of
evaluating proficiency in the tool language have become a gargantuan necessity.
Lenasas (2007) cited a number of studies on the development and
validation/evaluation of proficiency, admission and placement tests utilizing the discrete
point, integrative communicative approaches, or a combination of these have been
conducted in the Philippines. These studies were conducted from 1900 onwards.
Pooly and Swanberge (1989) stated that with the use of modules, students have
enough time understanding a particular concept or topic and can help them catch up with
the missed lessons. Students can work at their own pace while learning the missed topics,
thus giving them a chance to maximize his learning. He also added that the use of module
is better to handle the situation instead of just letting the students copy the missed days
lecture from their classmates without further understanding.

11

Dardig and Meyer (1980) concluded that modules illustrate the most basic
component of the competency-based teacher educator. They said modules enable the
students to master competencies with less teacher supervision and there is learning at the
students own pace. Furthermore, they stressed that the most effective modules
demonstrated instructional techniques or duplicate real-life situation and encourage the
students to make and evaluate instructional decision.
Samonte (2004) developed, evaluated and tried out an environmental outdoor
education module for the use of students of St. Scholastica College. She found out that
majority of the students comments and responses to the guide questions and personal
insights were positive. The remarks and suggestions were sufficient reasons for
considering the modules suitable and purposeful. She concluded that the module was able
to a great extent to meet the criteria set in terms of content, instructional characteristics
and effectiveness.
Cematu (1982) in her study stated that modular materials have established their
edge over other kinds of materials in education. Among others, modular materials serve
as enrichment for fast learners, as review or remedial for slow learners in a relatively
short span of time. Since students work within their ability level, they experience success
in their attempt to learn the material. Hence, he concluded that well-constructed and
appropriately implemented modules can improve learning to an extent that no other
teaching materials can accomplish.
As a medium of instruction in schools, it is important that students performance
in English be assessed for them to be able to meet the specific needs in English, the

12

development and validation of an English language proficiency test is of vital

importance. This will help direct instruction to the needs of the learners.
Theoretical Framework
Colombo Plan Staff College for Technician Teachers (1997) defines a module as a
learning resource. It further describes that module are essentially self-contained, selfinstructional package, with learning paced by each learner according to his/her individual
ability or a group of content elements forming a discrete unit of subject matter or area of
skill. A module has clearly defined objectives.
Sutara (1970) cited in Estranero (2001) describes a module as a systematically
structured self-learning task which includes learning and testing content, and allows the
learners to work at a rate, style, and level suited to his learning capacity.
Felipe (1991) said in his study that a modular approach is an instructional strategy
which has been proven effective from the elementary level to the university level. It
recognizes the nature of individual differences among the learners; that differential
abilities of the learners require different paces and different strategies to achieve learning
objectives. Modules are considered as one of the most promising innovative methods to
provide learning opportunity in an individualized manner.
The theory in which the study was based in Progressivism Theory postulated by
John Dewey. This philosophical thought points out that a childs growth and development
depend on his/her experiences and self-activity. He emphasizes that the educational
concern must be focused on the childs interest, desires and freedom as an individual.
Furthermore, the idea adheres that thinking and reasoning should be emphasized that
good and successful teaching utilizes the principle of self-activity and stimulates thinking

13

and reasoning. So accordingly, the activities and experiences provides by the teachers
should meet the needs and be in accordance with the abilities of every student for the
total development of a child is through self-activity and learning by doing.
Sutaria claims that although the primary goal of reading instructions is the ability
to read silently and rapidly, oral reading plays a major role in the early stage of learning
to read. In fact, she further comments that a majority of problems encountered in reading
are actually spoken language difficulties. Many of the difficulties the reader meets to
comprehending the printed word are identical with those that he meets in understanding
the spoken form.
Thus, if the reader can grasp the meaning of the spoken word-once he
comprehend the corresponding written form-once he has mastered the system of the
representation used. She also maintains that any idea or thought can be express orally or
in printed form. The oral expression of an idea consists of spoken utterances pronounced
with certain intonation patterns which convey meanings while the printed expression of
an idea consists of written symbols that represent the spoken word, which punctuation
mark more to or less representation
The development of modules and other teaching materials is a better initiative of a
teacher who is very concern on every learning output of the students. Vitaza (2006) cited
The Richard Arrends Theory on effective teaching. This stresses the characteristics of an
effective teacher as one who has the repertoire of best strategies that can help them
improves the teaching learning process. The teachers innovative style and creativity
help the students to acquire necessary skills in language. In coming up with the idea of
designing the instructional materials, the researcher referred to some models and theories

14

such as that of Collin (1998) in Prado (2004) which discusses four steps intended to
respond to the learning needs of the students. According to Smith (2009) instructional
design theory is the study of how to best design instruction so that learning will take
place.
As Gershovich in Warner (2008) points out, Mastery of this language skill is long
and a continuous process. In this sense, college instructors play the very significant role
in helping their learners achieve and master the skill. To design self-instructional
materials needed in a particular discipline is tough but challenging so that students from
the different walks of life are able to benefit from it. The development of instructional
materials provide the students a variety of activities of academic writing that enable them
to articulate their ideas properly even with considerable attention of accuracy rather than
on the fluency of the language use.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of this study depicted by the schematic diagram in
Figure 1 present the concept or idea around this will revolve.
Input contains the respondents of the study, which are senior students of the
Tagumpay National High School and the focus of the study, which is the Module in
Literature based on Victor Hugos Les Miserables.
Throughput consists of the instruments use in gathering the needed data such as
the reading material, test questionnaires and the statistical treatment. Output contains the
result of study in the Module in Literature based on Victor Hugos Les Miserables on
the senior students of Tagumpay National High School.

15

Research Paradigm

Input:

Throughput

1. Senior Students of
Tagumpay National
High School
2. Module in Literature
based on Victor Hugos
Les Miserables

1. Statistical treatment
of Data

Input:
3. Senior Students of
Tagumpay National High
School
4. Module in Literature base
on Victor Hugos
Les Misreables

FIG. 1
The Conceptual Model of the study Development, Validation and Evaluation of a
Proposed Module in Literature Based on Victor Hugos Les Miserables for the Senior
High School Students

16

Statement of the Problem

Generally, the study was conducted to develop and validate the module based on
Victor Hugos Les Miserables intended for the Senior High School Students of
Tagumpay National High School.
Specifically, the study sought answers to the following questions:
1. Is the developed module appropriate and interesting to the target group?
2. What the level of vocabulary and comprehension is as revealed in their posttest scores?
3. What is the evaluators assessment of the module in terms of the following
aspects:
A. Content Characteristics
1.1.
Objectives
1.2.
Clarity
1.3.
Relevance
B. Instructional Characteristics
2.1. Design
2.2. Suitability
2.3. Testing Method
4. What is the level of acceptability and usefulness of the developed module as
evaluated by the student respondents with respect to:;
3.1. Sufficiency of Contents
3.2. Organization and Presentation
3.3. Language and Style; and
3.4. Usefulness

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The main focus of this study is the development, validation and evaluation of a
proposed module in literature based on Victor Hugos Les Miserables which was
developed and created by the researchers during the school year 2012 2013. This study
is

limited

to

the

responses

of

teacher

and

checklists/questionnaires developed by the researchers.

student

respondents

to

the

17

Significance of the Study

The result of this study may contribute to the welfare of the following people:
Administrations awareness of the students interest in reading would help them to
make plans that will improve their library facilities and provide the school necessary
materials and equipments
Parents will become more involved in the selection and acquisition of the reading
materials of their children. To the parents whose primary responsibility is the education
of their children will be providing better insights on the needs and to provide their
children wholesome reading materials at their home that would enhance their childrens
desire to read.
Teachers will benefit in this study for it will serve as their guide in teaching
reading to their students. It will also help our hardworking teachers to minimize the
extensive talking but it will not suffer the quality of teaching given to the students.
Students will benefit in this study through the encouragement of their teachers.
Students will be able to immerse themselves with reading materials that are really
beneficial to their sound and total development. And for;
Future researchers, the result of this study will provide researchers the diverting to
an investigation they will make especially on areas under study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
To facilitate understanding of this study, different terms are herein defined:
Module. This refers to the produced self-contained and self-instructional package
materials which was the subject and evaluation of the study.

18

Planning Process. This refers to the conceptualization of the module that was produced.
Development Process. This refers to the writing of the four sets of module in Les
Miserables.
Validation. This refers to the evaluation made by the experts on the content
characteristics and instructional characteristics of the module through the use of certain
criteria.
Content Characteristics. This refers to the quality of the topics presented in the
developed modules which was validated in terms of objectives, clarity and relevance.
Objectives. This refers to the statements wherein expected results of learning are clearly
stated. This was validated as to how, specific, measurable, attainable, and time bound the
behavioural terms specified in objectives.
Clarity. This refers to the quality of the modules as self-learning materials or the state of
being clear in presenting the topics.
Relevance. This refers to the importance of the facts, ideas, and concepts presented in the
modules.
Instructional characteristics. This refers to the kinds of quality of strategies and
techniques used in the module to attain such. It includes the logically-arranged concepts
and activities, the observance of a format that teachers can easily follow, and the use of
words suited to the students level.
Design. It refers to the sequence of topics, details, and activities in the module which
were organized to be carried out and accomplished by the learners.
Suitability. This refers to the appropriateness of the content of the module and the
module as a whole to serve its purpose.

19

Testing Method. This refers to the tests prepared for the learners or students to assess
their learning competencies in the lessons discussed.

Chapter 2
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the research design. The research design discusses the type
of research design used to determined facts from the study. The setting of the study
underlies the place wherein the researchers conducted the study. The subject of the study
explains the respondents chosen in conducting the study. The source of data includes the
research instruments used by the researchers to gather data for the study and the statistical
treatment.
Research Design

20

The researchers employed the experimental and descriptive survey research which
is designed to gather information regarding the Development, Validation and Evaluation
of Module in French Based Novel Les Miserables for the Senior Students. The said
method will determine the ability of the students in answering the four levels of
questioning (Literal Level, Interpretative Level, Critical Level and Integrative Level),
Vocabulary words and other various exercises.
As Adanza (1995) defines descriptive research is the investigation which
describes and interprets what it is. Aside from the simplicity of descriptive research, it is
also less time consuming and inexpensive to undertake. The experimental is a procedure
involving the control and manipulation of conditions for the purpose of studying the
relative effects of various treatment applied to members of a sample or the same
treatment to the members of different samples. Experimental method is a problemsolving approach that is describe in the future; on what will be when certain variables are
carefully controlled or manipulated.
Subject of the Study
The subjects of the study were the fourth year students of Tagumpay National
High School, S.Y 2012-2013.
There were five sections in fourth year. Students in the first section are those
students who have a general average ranging from 83 and above. The rest of the students
who have a general average were randomly distributed to the rest of four sections, thus,
the general average of the students in their third year level served as an equating variable
in choosing the subjects. The researcher did not include the first section in the selection
of subjects since they were grouped homogenously.

21

The researcher used a raffle draw to determine the subjects of their study. The
three groups were classified as experimental and controlled group using the same
method.
Setting of the Study
Tagumpay National High School which is located in San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal
was established on June 30, 2003 with its seven (7) pioneer teachers who started as
volunteers. This school on that date was still the former Gen. Licerio Geronimo Memorial
National High School Tagumpay Annex.
The first five months was very difficult for everyone especially on the part of
these teachers. They started with nothing. The enrolment reached at more than 600
students.
From 2006 to June 2011, the school has doubled its enrolment from 972 students
to 1,802 and the number of teachers increased from seven pioneer teachers to 26 national,
5 provincial and 5 municipal founded-items. Its ranking in the achievement tests remains
one of the top achievers. The school was also first in Rodriguez to be the recipient of 21
computer sets, HPC5280 Printer-Scanner-Copier, and five LCD Projectors given by the
Office of the President through the courtesy of Commission on Information and
Communication from the Department of Trade and Industry.
For the past five years, the school attained the following Mean Percentage Scores
(MPS) in the National Achievement Test (NAT). 45.05% (2006-2007). 42.7% (20072008), 52.07% (2008-2009) and 45.83% (2009-2010). Its shows that the school had a
very low performance for it had not reached the 75% level. English is one of the
academic subjects taught one hour five times a week, together with Science and

22

Mathematics in Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) for first and second year student. The
subject has been the lowest in rank in the schools Division Achievement Test (DAT).
At present the English Department is implementing its project called R.E.A.D
(Reading Enhancement and Development) for students with frustration level of reading
comprehension. Remedial classes are also conducted to improve students language
skills.

23

FIG. 2
Vicinity Map
Tagumpay National High School
Rodriguez, Rizal
DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS
These

instruments

contain

questionnaire

checklists

to

determine

the

appropriateness of the module, the level of vocabulary and comprehension of

the

respondents, and the assessment of the evaluators with regards the proposed module for
senior high school students. The instruments used in the study are the questionnaire
checklists items that were validated through the aid of statistician and the adviser before
its distribution to the respondents and A French-Based Novel Les Miserables by Victor
Hugo.
PROCEDURE

24

The first thing that the researchers did was to come up with a thesis proposal,
create a module based on the proposal, searched related studies and then proposes the
thesis.
After the proposal had been approved by the Research Committee through a
colloquium, the researchers observed the formal processes like asking the Deans
permission to conduct the study, requesting an appointment of an official adviser,
language critic and statistician, and then asking permission from the head of the target
area and population to conduct the study in their school.
The questionnaire checklist was validated and checked properly by the panellists.
As soon as the request was approved and the preparatory steps were followed, data were
gathered by distributing the questionnaire checklist to the respondents and evaluators.
Afterwards, the questionnaire checklist were retrieved and tabulated for analysis
and interpretation of data.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT
For better result and more accurate interpretation, the data were gathered,
analysed, and treated statistically as follows:
1. To determine the students profile in terms of sex and age, frequency distribution,
percentage and ranking were used.
2. To determine and analyze the appropriateness of the module among the senior
high school students, mean were used.
3. To determine and interpret the data gathered, the researchers made use of
weighted mean and T-test.

25

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Aggabao, Ambrose Hans. Development and Evaluation of Individualized SelfInstructional Modules on Selected Topics in Basic Mathematics. Journal of
Research, Isabela State University, Vol. XI, No. 1, January December 2002.
Boiser, Diosdada. Teaching Made Easy: Strategies and Styles. Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc, 2004. ISBN 9710624687
Victor, Edward C. Science Teaching in the Elementary Level. New York:
McMillan Co. 1990.

26

Ornstein, Allan C. Strategies for Effective Teaching. New York: Harper Collins
Development and validation of module in reading proficiency for first year in
selected secondary schools in Quezon City / Avelina G. Sanidad. - 2004. - x,
143 leaves. Thesis (M.Ed.) --Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Institute of Science
and Technology, Manila.
Development and validation of module in high school freshmen English /
Rolando De Venecia Ramos. - 2009. - 209 leaves.
Thesis (Master of Arts in Education)
Unpublished Materials
Receno, Carmela N. Development of Instructional Materials for the
Enhancement of the Listening Skills among Freshman College Students of
SMCL. PNU, March 2001.
Sunga, Nillda R. Development and Validation of a Self-Instruction
Teaching Package on the Art of Questioning for Teachers. PNU, July 1996.
Ramos, Rolando DV. Development and Validation of Module in English.
Urdaneta City University, Graduate School, April 2004.
Samonte, Ma. Cristina L. Development, Evaluation and Try-out of an
Environmental Outdoor Education Module. PNU, July 2004.
Ubina, Marilou M. Production, Evaluation of a Videotaped Lesson in the
Teaching of a Science Concept Utilizing Cooperative Learning Model.
PNU, March 2000.
Borich, Gary D. Effective Teaching Method. New York: MC Millan Co., 1992
Development and validation of a module in science and technology II
(biology) / Saniata G. Hernandez. - 1999. - vii, 196 leaves. Thesis (M.A.T.)
Institute of Science and Technology, Manila.
Development and validation of module in mathematics I (Fractions) for
secondary school / Fernando V. Macabare, Jr. - 2001. - xxi, 250 leaves. Thesis
(Master of Arts in Teaching)

27

APPENDIX A
LETTER TO CONDUCT THE STUDY
Date: _______________________
MRS. ELVIRA Q. PAHATI, Principal III
Tagumpay National High School
MADAM:
The undersigned is writing an undergraduate thesis entitled DEVELOPMENT,
VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED MODULE IN
LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGOS LES MISERABLES FOR THE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS.
In line with this, we would like to ask permission from your humble office to
gather the needed data to be able to comply with the partial requirements of the course.
We are hoping for your favourable response.
Respectfully yours,
JOAN R. CARIMPONG
JOB B. JACOBE
SARMIENTO, JANILEEN C.

Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARES
Research Instructor
Approved by:
FLORANTE J. MERCADO, MOM

MARICEL B. BERDAN, MAT

28

Head, School of Education

Campus Dean, URS-R

APPENDIX B

LETTER TO THE DEAN OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Date: _______________________

PROF. FLORANTE J. MERCADO

Head, School of Education
This University
SIR:
We, the Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English have the honour to
request from your good office to conduct our undergraduate thesis entitled
DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED
MODULE IN LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGOS LES
MISERABLES FOR THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS.
We are hoping for your favourable response.
Respectfully yours,

JOAN R. CARIMPONG
JOB B. JACOBE
JANILEEN C. SARMIENTO
Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARES, MAT

Research Instructor

FLORANTE J. MERCADO, MOM

Head, School of Education

29

APPENDIX C
LETTER OF REQUEST TO THE RESPONDENTS
Date: _______________________

Dear Respondents,
The undersigned is writing an undergraduate thesis entitled DEVELOPMENT,
VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED MODULE IN
LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGOS LES MISRABLES FOR THE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
The realization of this study requires your honest opinion and wise judgment as
you answer the attached questionnaire checklist. Rest assured that the information you
will provide will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.
Your prompt accomplishment of this questionnaire checklist will be very much
appreciated.
Thank you very much.
Respectfully yours,
JOAN R. CARIMPONG
JOB B. JACOBE
JANILEEN C. SARMIENTO
Noted by:
LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARES, MAT
Research Instructor

30

FLORANTE J. MERCADO, MOM

Head, School of Education
C.1 Evaluators Checklist
Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Rodriguez, Rizal

Evaluator: _____________________________________________
Directions: Check the characteristics of the module based on the following:
5

= Highly acceptable

= Acceptable

= Moderately Acceptable

= Slightly Acceptable

= Not Acceptable

What is the evaluators assessment of the module in terms of the following aspects?
5

A. Content Characteristics
1. Objectives

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

2. Clarity

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

3. Relevance

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

31

B. Instructional Characteristics
1. Design
2.

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

Suitability

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

3. Testing Method

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

32

APPENDIX D
DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS
C.1 Respondents Questionnaire Checklist
Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Rodriguez, Rizal

Name: (Optional) __________________________ Sex: _______ Age: ________

Directions: Check the characteristics of the module based on the following:

= Highly acceptable

= Acceptable

= Moderately Acceptable

= Slightly Acceptable

= Not Acceptable
5

1. The module is limited in scope to

( )

( )

( )

()

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

cover what is normally covered in

one class period.
2. All items given in the module are simple

33

and clearly defined.

3.The language used is simple and

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

7. The module provides for self- learning.

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

8. The module provides a connection for a close

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

9. The module develops the self-esteem of learners ( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

easily understood by the respondents.

4. All that a teacher usually
discussed in class was clearly stated
in detail in the material.
5. The material was parallel to other
instructional materials.
6. The developed module is appropriate and
interesting.

interaction between the learner and the

subject matter.

and gives them confidence to answer

10. The module makes learning integrative

( )

JOAN R. CARIMPONG
JOB B. JACOBE
JANILEEN C. SARMIENTO

34

APPENDIX E
LETTER OF REQUEST FOR AN ADVISER

Date: _______________________
Sir:
We have the honour to request from your good office for the appointment of DR.
STEPHEN P. SOLIGUEN as an Adviser for our undergraduate thesis entitled
DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED
MODULE IN LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGOS LES MISRABLES
FOR THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
We shall be grateful for your kind approval.
Thank you very much and God Bless.
Respectfully yours,

JOAN R. CARIMPONG

JOB B. JACOBE

JANILEEN C. SARMIENTO
Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARES, MAT

Research Professor
Accepted by:
STEPHEN P. SOLIGUEN, Ed. D.

35

Adviser
FLORANTE J.
MERCADO, MOM
Head, School of Education
APPENDIX F
LETTER OF REQUEST FOR CRITIC READER

Date: _______________________

Sir:
We have the honour to request from your good office for the appointment of MR.
ALEXANDER ALTAMARINO as Language Critic for our undergraduate thesis entitled
DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED
MODULE IN LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGOS LES MISRABLES
FOR THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
We shall be grateful for your kind approval.
Thank you very much.
Respectfully yours,
JOAN R. CARIMPONG
JOB B. JACOBE
JANILEEN C. SARMIENTO
Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARES, MAT

Research Professor
Accepted by:

36

ALEXANDER C. ALTAMARINO, MAT

Critic Reader
FLORANTE J. MERCADO, MOM
Head, School of Education
APPENDIX G
LETTER OF REQUEST FOR STATISTICIAN
Date: _______________________
Sir:
We have the honour to request from your good office for the appointment of
EMMANUEL LLARENAS as an Statistician for our undergraduate thesis entitled
DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED
MODULE IN LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGOS LES MISRABLES
FOR THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
We shall be grateful for your kind approval.
Thank you very much.
Respectfully yours,
JOAN R. CARIMPONG
JOB B. JACOBE
JANILEEN C. SARMIENTO
Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARES
Research Professor
Accepted by:

37

EMMANUEL M. LLARENAS
Statistician
FLORANTE J. MERCADO, MOM
Head, School of Education

CURRICULUM VITAE

Joan Reyes Carimpong

Blk 2 Lot 18 Salvador St., Burgos
San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal
Cell. # (63)09424835161
________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA

Gender

Female

Civil Status

Single

Age

21

Date of Birth

March 21, 1991

Place of Birth

Rodriguez, Rizal

Nationality

Filipino

Religion

Roman Catholic

Fathers Name

Emmanuel Q, Carimpong

38

Mothers Name

Lilibeth R. Carimpong

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary

Burgos Elementary School (Main)

March 2003

Secondary

Burgos National High School

March 2007

Tertiary

University of Rizal System

Rodriguez, Rizal

Course

Bachelor of Secondary Education

Major in English

ORGANIZATION/AFFILIATION...................................................................................
GUILD OF ENGLISH MAJORS

MEMBER (2010)

SPEAK ENGLISH

MEMBER (2008)

PHILIPPINE RED CROSS

MEMBER (2006)

SPECIAL AWARDS..
ELEMENTARY

FIFTH HONORABLE MENTION

HIGH SCHOOL

SEVENTH HONORABLE MENTION

39

SPECIAL SKILLS
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE INSTALLATION
COMPUTER TROUBLESHOOTING
COOKING
WORKING EXPERIENCE..
G and W CLUB SHARES Inc. TECHNICAL SUPPORT

2007-2008

PCX PESO-CENT INC.

2009-2010

BENCH CLOTHING Inc.

HR ASSISSTANT

HR DIVISION HEAD ASSISSTANT 2011-June 2012

40

CURRICULUM VITAE

Job Balingit Jacobe

Daang Tubo St. Manggahan, Rodriguez. Rizal
Cell. # (63)09424835161
________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA

Gender

Male

Civil Status

Single

Age

18

Date of Birth

March 20, 1994

Place of Birth

Rodriguez, Rizal

Nationality

Filipino

Religion

Christian Born Again

Fathers Name

Rolando C. Jacobe

Mothers Name

Nenita B. Jacobe

41

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary

Burgos Elementary School (Main)

March 2006

Secondary

Burgos National High School

March 2010

Tertiary

University of Rizal System

Rodriguez, Rizal

Course

Bachelor of Secondary Education

Major in English

ORGANIZATIONS/AFFILIATION
SPEAK ENGLISH

MEMBER (2010)

GUILD OF ENGLISH MAJORS

MEMBER (2011)

SANGGUNIANG KABATAAN

CHAIRMAN (2010 PRESENT)

SPECIAL SKILLS
COMPUTER LITERATE
DRIVING
WORKING EXPERIENCE

42

SANGGUNIANG KABATAAN

CHAIRMAN

2010-PRESENT

CURRICULUM VITAE

Janileen C. Sarmiento
Blk-2 Lot-8 Ph-2 Amityville,
San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal
Cell.#09305046625_
_______________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA

Gender

Female

Civil Status

Single

Age

18

Date of Birth

May 18, 1994

Place of Birth

Masbate, City

Nationality

Filipino

Religion

Mormons

Fathers Name

Josue Sarmiento Jr.

Mothers Name

Aileen C. Sarmiento

43

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary

Amityville Elementary School

March 2003

Secondary

Tagumpay National High School

March 2007

Tertiary

University of Rizal System

Rodriguez, Rizal

Course

Bachelor of Secondary Education

Major in English

ORGANIZATIONS/AFFILIATION
SPEAK ENGLISH

MEMBER (2010)

GUILD OF ENGLISH MAJORS

MEMBER (2011)

PAMITINAN

NEWS WRITER (2012)

SPECIAL AWARDS.
ELEMENTARY

FIRST HONORABLE MENTION

BEST IN FILIPINO

44

BEST IN WRITING
SPECIAL SKILLS
DANCING
WRITING ESSAYS, SPORTS ARTICLES
COMPUTER LITERATE
WORKING EXPERIENCE
JOLLIBEE FOOD Inc.

SERVICE CREW

2012

CHOREOGRAPHER

ON CALL

2011-PRESENT