Quality management tools

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I. Contents of quality management tools

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The concept of quality management is applied in business of all sizes and all types. It is a
relevant in manufacturing as it is in health care or food services. Of course, quality means
different things for different industries, and takes a different meaning depending on whether a
product, a service, or a combination of both is offered.
The core of quality management is being able to guide your business towards improved
performance. There are three main components to quality management: quality assurance,
quality control, and quality improvement. But it's not just about the condition of the products you
sell or the caliber of services your business offers but the processes to achieve consistent quality.
This guide highlights 10 tools that can help you to setup a management strategy to improve
quality and documents you can use to track improvement.
1. Six Sigma Management Guide
Six Sigma is a business management strategy for improving the operational performance of a
business by eliminating variability and waste. Popularized by jack Welch at General Electric, the
philosophy takes a data-driven, methodological approach to eliminating defects with the aim of
reaching six standard deviations from the desired target of quality. If you are considering
restructuring your management style as a means of improving quality, you should consider the
Six Sigma management style. This guide includes the fundamental objectives and how to
calculate the cost and savings of Six Sigma quality.

2. Six Sigma Template

Six Sigma is a highly structured approach to process improvement through strategy and
discipline. If you are convinced that the Six Sigma management style will work for your
business, this template is customizable for your specific needs. It is designed to reduce defects,
lower costs and improve customer satisfaction.
3. Six Sigma Program Example
You now understand Six Sigma management and how to implement it. But if you would like to
see an example of its practical use in business this specific example is for the manufacturing
industry. It can be adapted to your business.
4. Total Quality Management Guide
Total Quality Management is a set of practices put in place throughout a company that are geared
to ensure the organization consistently meets or exceeds customer requirements. TQM places
strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement. This
Total Quality Management Guide discusses the primary elements of quality management, and
includes chart, graphs, and tools to assist a company with setting up a program of quality
management.
5. Quality Management Presentation
When you have determined what approach you will take for quality management you will have
to educate and train your staff about new processes to improve performance. This Quality
Management Presentation can be used to educate and implement the essentials of quality, as well
as the discipline of quality management, into their daily work routines. The presentation provides
an outline for quality in general, quality and business needs, principles for a quality system, and
principles for quality management.
6. Quality Manager Job Description
If improving quality is a larger responsibility than you thought, it may be time to hire a Quality
Manager. The job of a Quality Manager can encompass many different roles from managing dayto-day production activities to training engineers and operators to being the liaison to customers
and suppliers. Use the Quality Manager Job Description to outline the position by listing key job
tasks and specifications for the position customized to what your business requires.
7. Equipment Maintenance Log
Improving quality doesn't always require a full scale restructuring of your management style or
hiring an additional person to oversee quality. Small changes such as improved documentation
can significantly affect quality. One example is keeping track of the condition of your equipment
to ensure top performance and output. This Equipment Maintenance Log provides a
comprehensive spreadsheet for tracking equipment maintenance records by equipment type,
model number, serial number, and location.

8. The Preventive Corrective-Action Report

It's great to have a paper trail to track and fix mistakes. It's much better to have a form that helps
fix the process so mistakes don't get made in the first place. Although the form's immediate
purpose is to provide a mechanism for recording and correcting "nonconformance's" (read:
screw-ups), it has another, more important role: exposing the root causes of recurring problems.
9. The Smart Vendor Audit Checklist
When your business depends on vendors to produce your products or as an intricate part of a
process you want to make sure you hire the best. If you are not sure how to evaluate a potential
supplier, the supplier audit form is designed to help your company recruit the best vendors.
10. Packing List Order Form
Again, documentation and checklists are staples of quality management. For example, each item
on this packing list is important in terms of quality customer service and reduced costs. Shipping
the wrong quantity or type of a product affects your inventory, while returns or inaccurate weight
information can cost you more in shipping. A proper packing list is probably one of the easiest
ways to improve quality and reduce waste.
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III. Quality management tools

1. Check sheet
The check sheet is a form (document) used to collect data
in real time at the location where the data is generated.
The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative.
When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is
sometimes called a tally sheet.
The defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data
are recorded by making marks ("checks") on it. A typical
check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in
different regions have different significance. Data are
read by observing the location and number of marks on
the sheet.
Check sheets typically employ a heading that answers the

Five Ws:

Who filled out the check sheet

What was collected (what each check represents,
an identifying batch or lot number)
Where the collection took place (facility, room,
apparatus)
When the collection took place (hour, shift, day of
the week)
Why the data were collected

2. Control chart
Control charts, also known as Shewhart charts
(after Walter A. Shewhart) or process-behavior
charts, in statistical process control are tools used
to determine if a manufacturing or business
process is in a state of statistical control.
If analysis of the control chart indicates that the
process is currently under control (i.e., is stable,
with variation only coming from sources common
to the process), then no corrections or changes to
process control parameters are needed or desired.
In addition, data from the process can be used to
predict the future performance of the process. If
the chart indicates that the monitored process is
not in control, analysis of the chart can help
determine the sources of variation, as this will
result in degraded process performance.[1] A
process that is stable but operating outside of
desired (specification) limits (e.g., scrap rates
may be in statistical control but above desired
limits) needs to be improved through a deliberate
effort to understand the causes of current
performance and fundamentally improve the
process.

The control chart is one of the seven basic tools of

quality control.[3] Typically control charts are
used for time-series data, though they can be used
for data that have logical comparability (i.e. you
want to compare samples that were taken all at
the same time, or the performance of different
individuals), however the type of chart used to do
this requires consideration.

3. Pareto chart
A Pareto chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto, is a type
of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where
individual values are represented in descending order
by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the
line.
The left vertical axis is the frequency of occurrence,
but it can alternatively represent cost or another
important unit of measure. The right vertical axis is
the cumulative percentage of the total number of
occurrences, total cost, or total of the particular unit of
measure. Because the reasons are in decreasing order,
the cumulative function is a concave function. To take
the example above, in order to lower the amount of
late arrivals by 78%, it is sufficient to solve the first
three issues.
The purpose of the Pareto chart is to highlight the
most important among a (typically large) set of
factors. In quality control, it often represents the most
common sources of defects, the highest occurring type
of defect, or the most frequent reasons for customer
complaints, and so on. Wilkinson (2006) devised an
algorithm for producing statistically based acceptance
limits (similar to confidence intervals) for each bar in
the Pareto chart.

4. Scatter plot Method

A scatter plot, scatterplot, or scattergraph is a type of
mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to
display values for two variables for a set of data.
The data is displayed as a collection of points, each
having the value of one variable determining the position
on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable
determining the position on the vertical axis.[2] This kind
of plot is also called a scatter chart, scattergram, scatter
diagram,[3] or scatter graph.
A scatter plot is used when a variable exists that is under
the control of the experimenter. If a parameter exists that
is systematically incremented and/or decremented by the
other, it is called the control parameter or independent
variable and is customarily plotted along the horizontal
axis. The measured or dependent variable is customarily
plotted along the vertical axis. If no dependent variable
exists, either type of variable can be plotted on either axis
and a scatter plot will illustrate only the degree of
correlation (not causation) between two variables.
A scatter plot can suggest various kinds of correlations
between variables with a certain confidence interval. For
example, weight and height, weight would be on x axis
and height would be on the y axis. Correlations may be
positive (rising), negative (falling), or null (uncorrelated).
If the pattern of dots slopes from lower left to upper right,
it suggests a positive correlation between the variables
being studied. If the pattern of dots slopes from upper left
to lower right, it suggests a negative correlation. A line of
best fit (alternatively called 'trendline') can be drawn in
order to study the correlation between the variables. An
equation for the correlation between the variables can be
determined by established best-fit procedures. For a linear

correlation, the best-fit procedure is known as linear

regression and is guaranteed to generate a correct solution
in a finite time. No universal best-fit procedure is
guaranteed to generate a correct solution for arbitrary
relationships. A scatter plot is also very useful when we
wish to see how two comparable data sets agree with each
other. In this case, an identity line, i.e., a y=x line, or an
1:1 line, is often drawn as a reference. The more the two
data sets agree, the more the scatters tend to concentrate in
the vicinity of the identity line; if the two data sets are
numerically identical, the scatters fall on the identity line
exactly.

5.Ishikawa diagram
Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams,
herringbone diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or
Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru
Ishikawa (1968) that show the causes of a specific event.
[1][2] Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are product
design and quality defect prevention, to identify potential
factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for
imperfection is a source of variation. Causes are usually
grouped into major categories to identify these sources of
variation. The categories typically include
People: Anyone involved with the process
Methods: How the process is performed and the
specific requirements for doing it, such as policies,
procedures, rules, regulations and laws
Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc.
required to accomplish the job
Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc.
used to produce the final product
Measurements: Data generated from the process
that are used to evaluate its quality
Environment: The conditions, such as location,

time, temperature, and culture in which the process

operates

6. Histogram method
A histogram is a graphical representation of the
distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability
distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative
variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.[1] To
construct a histogram, the first step is to "bin" the range of
values -- that is, divide the entire range of values into a
series of small intervals -- and then count how many
values fall into each interval. A rectangle is drawn with
height proportional to the count and width equal to the bin
size, so that rectangles abut each other. A histogram may
also be normalized displaying relative frequencies. It then
shows the proportion of cases that fall into each of several
categories, with the sum of the heights equaling 1. The
bins are usually specified as consecutive, non-overlapping
intervals of a variable. The bins (intervals) must be
adjacent, and usually equal size.[2] The rectangles of a
histogram are drawn so that they touch each other to
indicate that the original variable is continuous.[3]

III. Other topics related to Quality management tools (pdf

download)
quality management systems
quality management courses
quality management tools
iso 9001 quality management system
quality management process
quality management system example
quality system management
quality management techniques
quality management standards

quality management policy

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quality management books