quality management positions

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I. Contents of quality management positions

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As a nurse with a certification in healthcare quality management, there are avenues to influence
the more global issues facing your organization and ultimately, patient care.
This has become a time of cost saving, cost cutting measures. Who determines what budgets are
reduced and where the work force adjustments occur? Of course it is not the floor nurses.
However, floor nurses can have an influence on these administrative decisions. Consider a
certification in Quality Management in order to obtain the expertise to judge quality care in your
department and perhaps the confidence to expand your circle of influence in your organization.
What does a Quality Management nurse do?
Assure adherence to organizational, community, state or other guidelines. This is a basic
function of the job. It is done through medical chart audits, review of the care systems and
environmental reviews. It can become clear in these reviews where cost cutting measures
(reducing staff, using less expensive supplies or equipment can lead to less than optimal care for
patients.
Coordination with other departments. The trend in quality management currently is to involve
all levels and departments in an organization wide risk management effort. You may find
yourself attending meetings that include staff from the Human Resources department, IT,
security and infection prevention, lab and pharmacy. These meetings should include
administrators as well as front line staff and nursing. It is imperative all opinions are heard, and
that all voices are considered important in these meetings. Information you glean from medical

records can alert infection control to issues it manages or the information technology department
to problems with the new electronic health record system or human resources to trainings staff
may need to function within guidelines.
The quality management (along with risk management) department can be the staff who receive
and manage adverse event reports that occur when things do not go exactly as planned in the
course of patient care. These reports are a wealth of information that can include care issues,
training issues and equipment function.
If you advance to a quality management role, performance measures will become part of your
work and well as cost/benefit analysis for projects the hospital or organization has planned or are
currently active. What kinds of course learning is required for this certification?
There are many varied courses depending on the level you wish to attain. You can get a Masters
degree in this area. If this is your direction, there will be leadership courses required such as
putting together a quality management team. Here is a list of some beginning and intermediate
kinds of courses that may be useful as you follow this path:
The definition of quality
Systems thinking and quality management
Principles of customer service
Developing performance measures
Basics of cost/benefit analysis
Basics of risk management that include how to review an incident report, how to review and
respond to a sentinel event, how to perform a root cause analysis
What kinds of positions could this certification lead to?
The jobs you could get with a certification in quality management are hospital or health systems
based and include many different titles. Salaries are dependent on the area of the U.S. you are
interested in, but are higher than the floor RN salaries as a general rule. Some job titles include:
Chief quality/ clinical officer
Director of Quality and Safety
Director of Quality Management
Quality Specialist
Patient Safely officer
As I have alluded to, there are many ways to go about getting this education and many levels
where you can learn, stop, go further, etc. You could just take a few courses and use the
knowledge to improve value in your current position. You could get a certification after several
weeks of classes, or you could complete a Masters degree (for a two year, or more commitment)
in this area. Whatever avenue you decide to pursue, will only benefit you as a care giver and
your patients and community as your knowledge of quality care increases.

==================

III. Quality management tools

1. Check sheet
The check sheet is a form (document) used to collect data
in real time at the location where the data is generated.
The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative.
When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is
sometimes called a tally sheet.
The defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data
are recorded by making marks ("checks") on it. A typical
check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in
different regions have different significance. Data are
read by observing the location and number of marks on
the sheet.
Check sheets typically employ a heading that answers the
Five Ws:

2. Control chart

Who filled out the check sheet

What was collected (what each check represents,
an identifying batch or lot number)
Where the collection took place (facility, room,
apparatus)
When the collection took place (hour, shift, day of
the week)
Why the data were collected

Control charts, also known as Shewhart charts

(after Walter A. Shewhart) or process-behavior
charts, in statistical process control are tools used
to determine if a manufacturing or business
process is in a state of statistical control.
If analysis of the control chart indicates that the
process is currently under control (i.e., is stable,
with variation only coming from sources common
to the process), then no corrections or changes to
process control parameters are needed or desired.
In addition, data from the process can be used to
predict the future performance of the process. If
the chart indicates that the monitored process is
not in control, analysis of the chart can help
determine the sources of variation, as this will
result in degraded process performance.[1] A
process that is stable but operating outside of
desired (specification) limits (e.g., scrap rates
may be in statistical control but above desired
limits) needs to be improved through a deliberate
effort to understand the causes of current
performance and fundamentally improve the
process.
The control chart is one of the seven basic tools of
quality control.[3] Typically control charts are
used for time-series data, though they can be used
for data that have logical comparability (i.e. you
want to compare samples that were taken all at
the same time, or the performance of different
individuals), however the type of chart used to do
this requires consideration.

3. Pareto chart

A Pareto chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto, is a type

of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where
individual values are represented in descending order
by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the
line.
The left vertical axis is the frequency of occurrence,
but it can alternatively represent cost or another
important unit of measure. The right vertical axis is
the cumulative percentage of the total number of
occurrences, total cost, or total of the particular unit of
measure. Because the reasons are in decreasing order,
the cumulative function is a concave function. To take
the example above, in order to lower the amount of
late arrivals by 78%, it is sufficient to solve the first
three issues.
The purpose of the Pareto chart is to highlight the
most important among a (typically large) set of
factors. In quality control, it often represents the most
common sources of defects, the highest occurring type
of defect, or the most frequent reasons for customer
complaints, and so on. Wilkinson (2006) devised an
algorithm for producing statistically based acceptance
limits (similar to confidence intervals) for each bar in
the Pareto chart.

4. Scatter plot Method

A scatter plot, scatterplot, or scattergraph is a type of

mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to
display values for two variables for a set of data.
The data is displayed as a collection of points, each
having the value of one variable determining the position
on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable
determining the position on the vertical axis.[2] This kind
of plot is also called a scatter chart, scattergram, scatter
diagram,[3] or scatter graph.
A scatter plot is used when a variable exists that is under
the control of the experimenter. If a parameter exists that
is systematically incremented and/or decremented by the
other, it is called the control parameter or independent
variable and is customarily plotted along the horizontal
axis. The measured or dependent variable is customarily
plotted along the vertical axis. If no dependent variable
exists, either type of variable can be plotted on either axis
and a scatter plot will illustrate only the degree of
correlation (not causation) between two variables.
A scatter plot can suggest various kinds of correlations
between variables with a certain confidence interval. For
example, weight and height, weight would be on x axis
and height would be on the y axis. Correlations may be
positive (rising), negative (falling), or null (uncorrelated).
If the pattern of dots slopes from lower left to upper right,
it suggests a positive correlation between the variables
being studied. If the pattern of dots slopes from upper left
to lower right, it suggests a negative correlation. A line of
best fit (alternatively called 'trendline') can be drawn in
order to study the correlation between the variables. An
equation for the correlation between the variables can be
determined by established best-fit procedures. For a linear
correlation, the best-fit procedure is known as linear
regression and is guaranteed to generate a correct solution
in a finite time. No universal best-fit procedure is
guaranteed to generate a correct solution for arbitrary
relationships. A scatter plot is also very useful when we
wish to see how two comparable data sets agree with each

other. In this case, an identity line, i.e., a y=x line, or an

1:1 line, is often drawn as a reference. The more the two
data sets agree, the more the scatters tend to concentrate in
the vicinity of the identity line; if the two data sets are
numerically identical, the scatters fall on the identity line
exactly.

5.Ishikawa diagram
Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams,
herringbone diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or
Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru
Ishikawa (1968) that show the causes of a specific event.
[1][2] Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are product
design and quality defect prevention, to identify potential
factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for
imperfection is a source of variation. Causes are usually
grouped into major categories to identify these sources of
variation. The categories typically include
People: Anyone involved with the process
Methods: How the process is performed and the
specific requirements for doing it, such as policies,
procedures, rules, regulations and laws
Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc.
required to accomplish the job
Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc.
used to produce the final product
Measurements: Data generated from the process
that are used to evaluate its quality
Environment: The conditions, such as location,
time, temperature, and culture in which the process
operates

6. Histogram method

A histogram is a graphical representation of the

distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability
distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative
variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.[1] To
construct a histogram, the first step is to "bin" the range of
values -- that is, divide the entire range of values into a
series of small intervals -- and then count how many
values fall into each interval. A rectangle is drawn with
height proportional to the count and width equal to the bin
size, so that rectangles abut each other. A histogram may
also be normalized displaying relative frequencies. It then
shows the proportion of cases that fall into each of several
categories, with the sum of the heights equaling 1. The
bins are usually specified as consecutive, non-overlapping
intervals of a variable. The bins (intervals) must be
adjacent, and usually equal size.[2] The rectangles of a
histogram are drawn so that they touch each other to
indicate that the original variable is continuous.[3]

III. Other topics related to quality management positions (pdf

download)
quality management systems
quality management courses
quality management tools
iso 9001 quality management system
quality management process
quality management system example
quality system management
quality management techniques
quality management standards
quality management policy
quality management strategy
quality management books