Prepared by Pr.

Noureddine
Ait Messaoudene

University of Hail

Based on
Yunus A. Cengel and Michael
A. Boles
Thermodynamics: An
Engineering Approach
6th Edition, McGraw Hill,
2007.
Faculty of Enginering
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Chapter 9

GAS POWER CYCLES

Lecture 8
98 BRAYTON CYCLE: an example
911 IDEAL JET-PROPULSION CYCLES

911 IDEAL JET-PROPULSION CYCLES

Aircraft gas turbines operate on an open cycle called a jet-propulsion cycle

GE 6 series Gas Turbine

In the ideal case, the turbine work is assumed to equal the compressor work (back work
ratio=1 or 100%).
Also, the processes in the diffuser, the compressor, the turbine, and the nozzle are
assumed to be isentropic.

In the analysis of actual cycles, however, the irreversibilities associated with these
devices should be considered.
The effect of the irreversibilities is to reduce the thrust that can be obtained from a
turbojet engine.
The thrust is determined from Newtons second law (conservation of momentum). The
pressures at the inlet and the exit of a turbojet engine are identical (the ambient
pressure); thus, the net thrust is :

where Vexit and Vinlet are relative to the aircraft ( so Vinlet is the aircraft velocity for an
aircraft cruising in still air) and fuel mass flow rate is neglected compared to air mass
flow rate.
propulsive
power WP

The net work developed by a turbojet engine is zero

a propulsive efficiency is defined

This is
different from
cold airstandard
assumption

So Pvk=cte
cannot be
used !

From Table A-17

pp936-937

much higher than

temperature at
compressor exit (598 K)

importance of regeneration

Also to be
compared to the
isentropic case
where T4s = 770 K

EXAMPLE 99 The Ideal Jet-Propulsion Cycle

A turbojet aircraft flies with a velocity of 260 m/s at an altitude where the air is
at 35 kPa and -40C. The compressor has a pressure ratio of 10, and the temperature
of the gases at the turbine inlet is 1100C. Air enters the compressor
at a rate of 45 kg/s. Utilizing the cold-air-standard assumptions, determine
(a) the temperature and pressure of the gases at the turbine exit, (b) the velocity
of the gases at the nozzle exit, and (c) the propulsive efficiency of the cycle.
Assumptions
1 Steady operating conditions exist
(all devices in the cycle are steadyflow devices ).
2 The cold-air-standard
assumptions are applicable and thus
air can be assumed to have constant
specific heats at room temperature
(cp = 1.005 kJ/kg C and k = 1.4).
3 Kinetic and potential energies are
negligible, except at the diffuser inlet
and the nozzle exit.
4 The turbine work output is equal to
the compressor
work input.

C
1100

-40

260 m/s.

233 K +

(260 m/s)
(1.005 kJ/kg . K )

267 K
267K
233K
56.4 kPa)
267K

56.4 kPa

564 kPa
515 K

1125 K
281 kPa

1125 K

1007 m/s
(Compare this to the inlet velocity of 260 m/s)

8740 kW

= 38 803 kW
22.5 %

(or 8740 . 1000 / 745.7 = 11720 hp)