Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presentandome
williamyf@mailcity.com
1G
2G
Viendo el exito de AMPS en USA, los europeos deciden usar una sola
tecnologia en todo el continente, e incorporan a elladesde el principio
facilidades para la internacionalizacion y el Roaming.
Other Requirements
Pan European
Advantages of GSM
GSM uses radio frequencies efficiently, and, due to the digital radio path, the
system tolerates more inter cell disturbances.
The large market toughens the competition and lowers the prices both for
investments and usage.
Base Station
Controller
Database Server
Data
Communication
Network
Base
Transceiver
Stations
Workstations
Communications
Server
Network
Planning
System
Network
Measurement
System
Digital Cross
Connect
Transcoder
Submultiplexer
PSTN/ISDN
Voice
mail
Short Message
Service Centre
A-Interface
Air Interface
X.25 Interface
Abis Interface
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications
GSM uses 124 frequency channels, each of which uses an
eight-slot TDM system
GSM (2)
A portion of the GSM framing structure.
GSM databases
Home Location register (HLR)
Permanent data
HLR
Temporary data
VLR
Location Areas
Reception Restaurant
Bar
Pool
LA
5
LA 1
LA
4
MSC
LA
3
VLR
LA
2
Location update
The Mobile Station stores the current location area identity in the SIM card.
If the location area identity being broadcast by the network is other than the one
stored in SIM, the Mobile Station starts the location update procedure.
VLR
VLR
MS
C
(old)
Location
Update
Mobile moves
SIM
MSC
(new
)
GMSC
HLR
MSC
VLR
BSS
MS
1. channel assignment
2. security procedures
3. call setup
4. check services etc.
5. all ok
6. call is proceeding
7. traffic channel allocated
8. set up the call
9. call set up complete
10. alert
11. B answers
Handovers
When capacity of cell nears maximum, Mobile stations in the periphery of the cell maybe
handed over to neighbouring cell with lower traffic load.
MSC starts the procedure
When a Mobile subscriber is moving during a call, he may travel from one cell to another.
Frequency resources of previous cells can not be used any more.
The mobile Station is handed over to the new cell.
BSC controlling the current cell makes the decision to perform a handover.
There are four types of these hand overs
GSM networks need non call related signalling which is possible with SS7.
The SS7 used in PSTN networks is not sufficient to fulfil the signalling
requirements of GSM networks, thus new protocols specific to GSM were
developed.
TUP/ISUP are the user parts of MTP which handle call control.
SCCP is needed for virtual connections and connectionless signalling
BSSAP is used for signalling between MSC-BSC and MSC-MS
MAP is needed for signalling between NSS elements
BSC
LAPDm
BTS
LAPD
PSTN / HLRs /
other MSCs
MSC
SS#
7
SS#
7
2,5G
En el caso de GSM, esto nos lleva a una red con desorden disociatvo
de personalidad (personalidades multiples).
Fuente: http://misnt.indstate.edu/harper/Students/GPRS/GPRS.html
GPRS
CS-1 8Kbps
CS-2 12Kbps
CS-3 14.4Kbps
CS-4 20Kbps
PCU SGSN
GGSN
Punto de ancla.
Cobro.
GPRS - Modulacin
EDGE - Modulacin
http://www.lnt.ei.tum.de/mitarbeiter/zangl/htmldocs/bachelor_ohlendorf/St
andards.htm
3G
WCDMA
CDMA
Code
Division
Multiple
Access AST
(a) Secuencias de Chirps binarios para 4 estaciones
(b) Secuencias Bipolares
(c) Seis ejemplos de Transmisin
(d) Recuperacin de la transimisn de la estacin C
4G (de mentirita)
http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Studies/Tik-110.300/1999/Wireless/modulation_3.html)
4G WiMAX - 811.16e
WiMAX
http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Studies/Tik110.300/1999/Wireless/modulation_3.html
Arquitectura de LTE
PCCS
Preguntas
Comentarios
Chistes
Sugerencias