Name:

SULIT
964/2
BIOLOGY
2014
1 Hour 30 minutes

Class:

SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN BATU LAPAN,

JALAN PUCHONG, 47100 PUCHONG,
SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN STPM PENGGAL 2 TAHUN 2014

BIOLOGY
PRA UNIVERSITI 2
One and a half hours

Instructions to candidates:
Answer all the questions in Section A, Section B and any two questions
from Section C. For Section A and Section B write your answers in the
spaces provided.
For Section C write your answers on the answer sheets provided. Begin
each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answer in
numerical order. Tie your answer sheets to this question paper.
Read the instructions on each question carefully.

For examiners use

Section A
1-15
Section B
16
17
Section C
18
19
20
Total

______________________________________________________________________________
This question paper consists of 7 printed pages.

SECTION A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section
1. Which of the following reactions is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase?
A Combination of carbon dioxide and phosphoenolpyruvate.
B Combination of carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid.
C Dissociation of carbonic acid to produce hydrogen ion and hydrogen carbonate ion.
D Eliminate of carbon dioxide from pyruvate.
2. The reversible dissociation reaction of oxyhaemoglobin during cellular respiration is
represented by
the following equation.
Hb(O2)4
Oxyhaemoglobin

Hb
haemoglobin

+
4O2
oxygen

What will happen to the above reaction if carbon dioxide concentration in blood
increases?
A The reaction shifts to the right.
B The reaction shifts to the left.
C Carboxyhaemoglobin complex is formed.
D Oxyhaemoglobin CO2 complex is formed.
3. What is able to trigger the contraction of cardiac muscles?
A Purkinje fibres B Sinoatrial node C Autonomous nerve

D Atrioventricular node

4. Which statement is true of transpirational pull?

A It is an active process.
B It causes the girth of the tree trunk to expand.
C It is not affected by the morphology of the leaf.
D Its mechanism depends on the negative pressure generated in the leaf.
5. The role of calcium ions during muscle contraction is to
A form tropomyosin troponin complex.
B bind myosin to actin forming cross bridges.
C bind with tropomyosin to expose the myosin head.
D bind with troponin to allow the formation of cross bridges.
6. Which of the following occurs in the myofibrils when a muscle contracts?
Sarcomere
H zone
A band
I band
A
Shortens
Shortens
Does not change in length
Shortens
B
Lengthens
Shortens
Does not change in length
Shortens
C
Shortens
Lengthens
Shortens
Lengthens
D
Shortens
Does not change in
Shortens
Shortens
length

7. Early in pregnancy, a hormone HCG is produced. What is the role of this hormone?
A. To stimulate the production of FSH and luteinizing hormone
B. To cause the pelvic ligaments and pubic symphsis to relax
C. To increase the sensitivity of the uterine muscle to oxytocin
D. To maintain the corpus luteum as an endocrine gland for the first 12 weeks of the
pregnancy
8. Which of the following are true about the mechanism for a steroid hormone?
I
The hormone crosses the plasma membrane
II
The hormone acts on DNA
III
Transcription and translation occurs
IV
The hormone combines with its receptor at the plasma membrane
V
ATP changes to cyclic AMP
A I, II and III

B I, IV and V

C II, III and IV

D III, IV and V

9. The table below shows several plant hormones and their roles
Hormone
Role of hormone
I.
Gibberellic (a) To stimulate the transportation of nutrients from leaves to other
acid
parts of the plants
II
Cytokinine
(b) To stimulate the closing of stomata under stress
III
Auxin
(c) To stop the growth of the adventitious root
IV
Abscisic
(d) As a fruit ripening agent
acid
V
Ethene
(e) To stimulate cell division of the lateral cambium during
secondary growth
Which of the following is correct for the hormones and their roles?
I
II
III
IV
A
(c)
(a)
(e)
(b)
B
(a)
(c)
(e)
(b)
C
(b)
(c)
(a)
(e)
D
(b)
(a)
(c)
(e)

V
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)

10. Which of the following are the effects of insulin in the human body?
I
Increases the uptake of glucose into body cells
II
Increases the rate of conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver and muscle cells
III
Increases the conversion of glucose into fat in liver cells
IV
Increases the conversion of glucose into amino acids in the liver
A I, II and III

B I, II and IV

C I, III and IV

D I, II, II and IV

11. After excessive exercise, a person usually feels thirsty. The corrective mechanism
occurring in the persons body is an
A increase in the secretion of ADH
B increase in the secretion of aldosterone
C increase in the secretion of thyroxine
3

D increase in the secretion of adrenaline

12. A person infected by HIV will develop AIDS and die. The immune system fails to
eradicate the virus
because
I
the body fails to produce anti-HIV antibodies
II
the double-stranded viral DNA becomes incorporated as provirus into the DNA of
the infected cell
and remains dormant
III
the unusually high mutation rates give rise to variation in viral antigens
IV
the increase in the T-helper cell level results in the loss of humoral and cellmediated immunity.
A I and II
B I, II and III
C II and III
D II, III and IV
13. The following statements describe the humoral response to a T-dependent antigen.
I
Macrophage becomes the antigen-presenting cell (APC)
II
Macrophage engulfs and partially digests the microbe antigen
III
T helper cell binds to the antigen-presenting cell (APC)
IV
B cells divide rapidly to produce a large number of daughter cells which develop
into plasma cells
and secrete antibodies.
V
T helper cell interacts with B cell.
Arrange the statements in the correct sequence.
A I, II, III, IV and V

B II, I, III, V, IV

C III, I, II, V, IV

D IV, V, III, I, II

14. The vector for dengue is Aedes aegypti. Which of the following is not true of this
vector?
A It lives mostly in urban and semi-urban habitats.
B It is a night time feeder, with peak biting time being after dusk.
C It breeds mainly in man-made water containers.
D The female Aedes aegypti bites multiple people during each feed.
15. Which drug is used to treat tuberculosis?
A Antibiotic streptomysin
B BCG vaccination
C Preventive drug, chloroquine
D Antibiotic penicillin
Write the answer for objective questions inside this table below.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

11
.

12
.

13
.

14
.

15
.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10
.

SECTION B (15 MARKS)

Answer all questions
16. Figure illustrates the mode of action of hormone A which involves gene activation.

(a) State the type of hormone A.

[1 mark]

..

(b) Give ONE example of hormone A.

[1 mark]

..
(c) State the characteristics of the hormone A and how it enters a cell.
mark]
5

[2


..

..
(d) What are molecules B and C?

[2 mark]

Molecule B:

.
Molecule C:

.
(e) What is the function of C, and state its product?

[2 mark]

Function:

..
Product:

17. Figure below shows how a hypothesis of translocation of organic substances occurs
in a plant.

(a) What is the substance labeled X?

[1 mark]

(b) Explain how X get into the sieve tube elements from the source.

[2 marks]

(c) Explain what happen when X enter the sieve tube.

[2 marks]

(d) Name another sink other than the root.

[1 mark]

..

(e) Name the hypothesis involved to describe the mechanism involved. [1 mark]

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

Answer any two questions
18. (a) Explain what is meant by the Bohr effect.
[5 marks]
(b) Explain the regulation of breathing in humans.
[10 marks]

19. (a)Describe clearly the sequence of events which occurs when a resting skeletal
muscle is stimulated,
contracts and relaxes.
[8 marks]
(b) Explain how plant hormones (plant growth substances) promote, inhibit or
otherwise modify
growth of plants.
[7
marks]
20. (a) Describe how the kidney regulates the water content of the body fluids.
[8 marks]
(b) Explain Cori Cycle and state its physiological importance.
marks]

Disediakan oleh:
.
Pn Then moli
Wahab

Disemak oleh:

[7

Disahkan oleh:

.
Pn Lourett
8

...
Pn Siti Khadijah Bt Abd

Guru Biologi

Ketua Unit Sains

Penolong Kanan Pra-U

Answers for STPM Penggal 2 Trial questions.

Section A
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

11
.

12
.

13
.

14
.

15
.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10
.

Section B
16
(a)
(b
)
(c)

Answer
Steroid hormone
Testosterone,
aldosterone,cortisol,progesterone,hydrocortisone,androgen,
1. Lipid soluble and is derived from cholesterol
2. It diffuses across the cell membrane and enters the cell and binds
to the receptor in the cytoplasm or nucleus to form a hormonereceptor complex
(d Molecule B: receptor
)
Molecule C: Hormone-receptor complex
(e) Function: activation of genes//binds to the DNA to trigger the
transcription of genes
on the DNA
Product: mRNA strand
Total

Mark
1
1

17
(a)
(b
)

Mark
1
1
1

Answer
Sucrose molecules
P1- The loading of X into the sieve-tube elements is by active transport.
P2-Which requires ATP energy that is generated by the companion cell
next to the sieve tube elements.
(c) P1-The concentration of X in the sieve tube increases thus lowering the
water potential inside the sieve tube of the phloem.
P2-Thus, water in the xylem which contains higher water potential
diffuses into sieve tube via osmosis.
P3- This causes an increase in hydrostatic pressure of the sieve tube
near the source.
(d Shoot
9

1
1
1
1
1
1
8

1
1
any 2
points
1

)
(e) Pressure Flow Hypothesis
Total

1
7

Section C
18 Answer
(a) P1-dissociation of carbonic acid in the erythrocytes causes an increase
in the concentration of hydrogen ions resulting in reduction of the pH
P2-this results in the oxyhaemoglobin dissociating to release
haemoglobin which combines with the excess hydrogen ions to form
haemoglobinic acid (HHb),as a buffering effect.
P3- increasing the carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate of
oxyhaemoglobin dissociation.
P4-thus increasing the carbon dioxide concentration reduces the affinity
of haemoglobin towards oxygen, a process called Bohrs effect.
P5-Bohrs effect results in a shift of the oxygen dissociation curve of
haemoglobin to the right.

Mark
1

(b
)

P1-the breathing cycle is controlled by the breathing centre located in

the medulla oblongata.
P2-this breathing centre consist of the inspiratory centre and the
expiratory centre.
P3-the inspiratory centre sends impulses to the outer intercostal
muscles and the diaphragm bringing about contraction while the inner
intercostal muscle relaxes.
P4-this results in an increase in the thoracic cavity volume, bringing
about inspiration
P5- alveolus and bronchioles expands during inspiration stimulating the
stretch receptors within the walls of the alveoli and bronchioles to send
impulses to the expiratory centre.
P6- the expiratory centre sends inhibitory impulses to the inspiratory
centre
P7- the inspiratory centre then stops sending impulses to the diaphragm
and outer intercostals muscle causing them to relax.
P8-this brings about a decrease in thoracic cavity volume resulting in
expiration
P9-when the volume in the alveolus and bronchioles are reduced the
stretch receptors are no longer stimulated to fire inhibitory impulses to
the expiratory centre.
P10- inspiratory centre once again sends impulse to the diaphragm and
outer intercostal muscle bringing about contraction and inspiration.
P11-the cycle is repeated.

19 Answer
(a) P1- nervous impulse reaches the neuromuscular junction/end-plate
P2- synaptic vesicles fuse with the end-plate membrane and release a
10

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Mark
1
1

(b
)

neurotransmitter 9such as acetylcholine)

P3-the neurotransmitter/acetylcholine depolarizes the sarcolemma
P4- the neurotransmitter/acetylcholine is then hydrolysed by
acetylcholinesterase
P5- provided/on condition that the threshold value is exceeded, an
action potential/wave of depolarization is generated/created in the
muscle fibre
P6-Calcium(Ca+ ) ions are released frm the T-system and sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
P7- Calcium ions bind to troponin molecule, altering its shape
P8-Troponin displaces tropomyosin (which has been blocking the binding
site on the actin molecule) and exposes the binding site on the actin
molecule.
P9-the myosin head now attaches to the actin filament.
P10- the myosin head changes position causing the actin filaments to
slide past the stationary myosin filaments/thick filaments.
P11-an ATP molecule becomes attached to the myosin head, causing it
to be released/becomes detached frm the actin.
P12-Hydrolysis of ATP provides energy for the myosin head to be
cocked
P13-the myosin head then reattches further along the actin filament.
P14- the muscle contracts by means of this ratchet mechanism.
P15- the following changes occur in the muscle fibres/myofibrils.
( I band shortens, Z lines move closer together/sarcomere shortens,H
zone shortens)
P16- calcium ions are actively absorbed back into the T-system
P17-Troponin reverts to its original shape, allowing tropomyosin to again
block the actin filament.
P18-phosphocreatine is used to regenerate ATP
P1- there are five groups of plant hormones:
auxins,gibberellins,cytokinins,abscisic acid and ethane(ethylene)
Compulsory
Auxins
P2- Apical dominance / inhibits growth of lateral buds
P3- Auxin inhibits abscission / maintenance of the cell wall structure
P4- Auxin may stimulate fruit development without
fertilization/parthenocarpy
P5- Auxin stimulate cell division, helps to maintain the structure of cell
walls, in high concentrations, inhibit growth
P6- the roots are more sensitive to auxin than stems, roots respond to
lower concentrations of auxin.
Giberellins
P7- Promote cell elongation and so increase growth// influence cell
division and differentiation.
P8- stimulate growth in dwarf varieties, restoring them to normal size//
cause bolting in dwarf plants
P9-breaks dormancy in seeds/stimulates seed germination
P10- mobilization of food reserves in readiness for germination by
stimulating the synthesisi of enzymes such as amylase
11

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
max 8

any 2
points

Any 1
point

Cytokinins
P11- Promotes cell division (in the presence of auxins)
P12- Involved in tRNA synthesis
P13- Delay senescence (ageing) in leaves
Abscisic acid
P14-Inhibits plant growth
P15- Promotes abscission/leaf fall/fruit fall

Any 1
point

Any 1
point

Ethene/Ethylene
P16-Produced as a metabolic by-product of most plant organs, especially
fruits
P17- Promotes fruit ripening
Any 1
P18- also influences many auxin-induced responses
point
max 7

20 Answer
(a) P1- antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is involved in water content regulation in
the kidney
P2-a decreased in the water content of the body fluids by excessive
sweating or reduced water intake increases the blood osmotic pressure.
P3-the increase is detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus and
impulses are transmitted to stimulate the posterior pituitary gland to
releases ADH.
P4-the presence of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) causes the walls of the
distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to be more permeable to
water and urea.
P5- this allows uptake of water to occur osmotically frm the glomerular
filtrate into the medulla and vasae rectae.
P6-in addition active uptake of sodium frm the ascending loop of Henle
coupled with movement of urea out frm the collecting duct creates a
hyperosmotic condition in the surrounding interstitial fluids.
P7-thus, urine that is hypertonic to the blood will be produces.
P8- an increase in water content of the body fluids because of little
sweating or excessive water intake reduces the blood osmotic pressure.
P9-thus,ADH production is inhibited. The distal convoluted tubule and
the collecting duct will remain impermeable to water and urea.
P10-less water will be drawn out frm the tubule and the collecting duct,
resulting in urine that is hypotonic to the blood.

Mark
1
1
1
1

(b
)

1
1
1
1
1

P1- in skeletal muscles, glycogen store is converted to glucose

P2- glucose is converted to pyruvate during glycolysis
P3- during anaerobic respiration, pyruvate is reduced to lactate by
NADH + H+
P4- lactate is transported by the blood frm the muscles to the liver
12

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max 8

P5- in the hepatocytes, lactate is oxidized to pyruvate using NAD+

P6- pyruvate is converted to glucose-6-phosphate and then to glucose.
P7- glucose is converted to glycogen & stored in the liver
P8- glucose can be transported back to the muscles & used for cellular
respiration
Importance;
P1- prevents an increase in lactic acid / H+ concentration in muscles
P2- Prevents a decrease in pH which will affect most metabolic reactions
that are catalysed by enzymes.
P3-reduces muscle fatigue
Maximum [ any 6 points on Cori Cycle + 1 point for importance]

13

1
1
1
any 6
points
1
1
1
Max 7