Human Anatomy Biology 351

Final Exam
Note: Final exams are not returned! All exam copies will be shredded on the Monday of week #2 of winter
term. If you want to see your final exam you must stop into my office to see the exam. However, you cannot
keep your copy of the exam.
Please print your name clearly on the back of the last page of this exam. Please read the instructions preceding each
section carefully.

You must answer all questions on this exam. Statistics demonstrate that, on average, between 2-5 objective
questions on every exam are ambiguous enough to come out aberrant on an item analysis. Therefore, the total
number of points possible on this exam is 106. However, grades will be calculated out of a possible 100 points,
assuming that 2-3 objective questions on this exam are aberrant.
Section 1:

Muscle Identification. On the next page is a cross section of a middle portion of the thigh. If a
muscle on the following page is labeled place the proper letter in the appropriate space.
However, if a muscle is not labeled place XX in the space provided. (Note the labeling of medial
and anterior.) (2 points each)

_____

1. Vastus lateralis

_____

2. Vastus medialis

_____

3. Sartorius

_____

4. Gracilis

_____

5. Adductor longus

_____

6. Semimembranosus

_____

7. Semitendinosus

_____

8. Adductor brevis

Plate Number
475B

Thigh
Middle Cross Section

Copyright 1995 Ciba-Geigy Corporation All rights reserved.

Section 2:

_____

Muscle Identification. On the next page is a cross section of the leg. If a muscle on the
following page is labeled place the proper letter in the appropriate space. However, if a muscle is
not labeled place XX in the space provided. Note that anterior is labeled; medial and lateral are
determined by the bones of the leg, which you should know.) (2 points each)
9. Tibialis anterior

_____

10. Extensor digitorum longus

_____

11. Flexor hallucis longus

_____

12. Flexor digitorum longus

_____

13. Tibialis posterior

Plate Number
491B

Leg
Cross Section just above Middle of Left Leg

Copyright 1995 Ciba-Geigy Corporation All rights reserved.

Section 3:

Leg muscles: anterior and lateral compartments.

True-False Questions: If the following statements are true place a (+) in the space provided; if
the statements are false place a (O) in the space provided. (2 points each)

_____

14. The tibialis anterior originates on the lateral condyle of the femur and the upper half of the tibia.

_____

15. The tibialis anterior inserts onto the 1st and 2nd cuneiforms and the 1st metatarsal.

_____

16. The tibialis anterior dorsiflexes and everts the foot.

_____

17. The extensor hallicus longus inserts onto the big toe and extends the big toe, dorsiflexes the foot,
and inverts the foot.

_____

18. The fibularis longus inserts onto the 1st metatarsal and 1st and 2nd cuneiform bones.

_____

19. The fibularis brevis inserts onto the 5th metatarsal and the lateral cuneiform bones.

_____

20. The fibularis longus originates on the fibula, and the fibularis brevis originates on the fibula and
the interosseous membrane found between the tibia and fibula.

_____

21. The fibularis longus everts and plantar flexes the foot, which the fibularis brevis only everts the
foot.

_____

22. All of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg are innervated by the superficial fibular
nerve.

_____

23. All of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg are innervated by the deep fibular nerve.

_____

24. All of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are innervated by the tibial nerve
(tibial portion of the sciatic nerve).

_____

25. The extensor digitorum longus originates from the tibia, fibula, and the interosseous membrane
of the leg.

_____

26. The extensor digitorum longus extends the toes and dorsiflexes the foot.

Section 4:

Gluteal muscles of the thigh.

True-False Questions: If the following statements are true place a (+) in the space provided; if
the statements are false place a (O) in the space provided. (2 points each)

_____

27. The gluteus maximus originates from all of the following: ilium, pubis (inferior pubic ramus),
sacrum, coccyx, thoracolumbar fascia.

_____

28. The gluteus maximus inserts onto the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur.

_____

29. The gluteus maximus extends and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip, assists in abduction of the
thigh at the hip, and helps stabilize the knee. It is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.

_____

30. The gluteus medius originates from the ilium and inserts onto the greater trochanter of the femur.

_____

31. The gluteus medius abducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip. It is innervated by the
inferior gluteal nerve.

_____

32. The gluteus minimus abducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip. It is innervated by the
superior gluteal nerve.

_____

33. The tensor fascia latae originates from the iliac crest and the anterior, inferior iliac spine. It then
inserts onto the iliotibial tract, and medially rotates and abducts the thigh at the hip; it also helps
to stabilize the knee. It is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

Section 4:

Anterior and adductor muscles of the thigh.

True-False Questions: If the following statements are true place a (+) in the space provided; if
the statements are false place a (O) in the space provided. (2 points each)

_____

34. The iliopsoas is the most important flexor of the thigh at the hip.

_____

35. The iliopsoas originates from T12 to L5 and inserts onto the greater trochanter of the femur. It
flexes the thigh at the hip, and is innervated by the femoral nerve.

_____

36. The sartorius originates from the anterior, inferior iliac spine, inserts onto the medial portion of
the tibia, flexes, laterally rotates and abducts the thigh at the hip, flexes the leg at the knee, and is
innervated by the femoral nerve.

_____

37. The adductor longus, adductor brevis and adductor magnus all have an origin on the inferior
pubic ramus.

_____

38. The adductor longus, adductor brevis and adductor magnus all have an insertion on the linea
aspera of the femur.

_____

39. The adductor magnus adducts, flexes and extends, and medially and laterally rotates the thigh at
the hip.

_____

40. The adductor magnus originates from the inferior pubic ramus and the ischial tuberosity.

_____

41. The anterior fibers of the adductor magnus are innervated by the sciatic nerve and the posterior
fibers are innervated by the obturator nerve.

_____

42. All of the adductor muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve.

_____

43. The gracilis originates from the pubic symphysis and the inferior pubic ramus.

_____

44. The gracilis flexes the leg and medially rotates the leg at the knee. It also adducts and medially
rotates the thigh at the hip.

_____

45. All of the rectus femoris muscles cross two joints: hip and knee.

_____

46. The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and the vastus intermedius muscles are innervated by the
femoral nerve; the vastus medialis is innervated by the femoral and obturator nerves.

Section 5:

Leg muscles: posterior compartment.

Multiple choice: Place the most correct letter in the space provided. (2 points each)

_____

47. The following statements apply to which of the muscles listed?

Origin: Supracondylar line of the femur
Insertion: Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Action: Assists gastrocnemius in plantar flexing the foot, assists in flexion of the leg at
the knee
Innervation: Tibial nerve
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. plantaris
d. popliteus
e. flexor hallucis longus
f. flexor digitorum longus
g. tibialis posterior

_____

48. The following statements apply to which of the muscles listed?

Origin: Lateral condyle of the femur
Insertion: Tibia
Action: Medial rotation of the leg at the knee and flexion of the leg at the knee
Innervation: Tibial nerve
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. plantaris
d. popliteus
e. flexor hallucis longus
f. flexor digitorum longus
g. tibialis posterior

_____

49. The following statements apply to which of the muscles listed?

Origin: Tibia and fibula
Insertion: Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Action: Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle
Innervation: Tibial nerve
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. plantaris
d. popliteus
e. flexor hallucis longus
f. flexor digitorum longus
g. tibialis posterior

_____

50. The following statements apply to which of the muscles listed?

Origin: Tibia
Insertion: 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th phalanges
Action: Flex toes; assist in plantar flexing the foot at the ankle
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. plantaris
d. popliteus
e. flexor hallucis longus
f. flexor digitorum longus
g. tibialis posterior

_____

51. The following statements apply to which of the muscles listed?

Origin: Medial and lateral condyles of the femur
Insertion: Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Action: Flexes the leg at the knee and plantar flexes the foot at the ankle
Innervation: Tibial nerve
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. plantaris
d. popliteus
e. flexor hallucis longus
f. flexor digitorum longus
g. tibialis posterior

_____

52. Which of the following muscles has an origin on the interosseous membrane of the leg?
a. gastrocnemius
b. soleus
c. plantaris
d. popliteus
e. flexor hallucis longus
f. flexor digitorum longus
g. tibialis posterior

_____

53. Which of the following is not an insertion of the tibialis posterior?

a. navicular
b. cuneiform #1
c. cuneiform #2
d. cuneiform #3
e. cuboid
f. metatarsal #1
g. metatarsal #2
h. metatarsal #3
i. metatarsal #4