Systematic

Management
An approach to management
that
focuses
on
the
1890
management process
than the final outcome.

rather

Scientific Management
1900

An approach to management
that focuses on the improving
effieciency and output through
scientific studies of workers
processes.

Frederick
Taylor

Father
of
Scientific
Adam Smith Father of Economics.
Management. Application of the principle of
Application of principle of specialization of
specialization of workers was the best way to
workers was the best way to increase
productivity. Believed that tasks should
productivity.
Henri Fayol was acknowledged as the founder ofincrease
the
classical management schoolnot because he wasbe
thestudied and to develop precise procedure.
Robert
Owens

strongly
believed
that
there
Educate
and develop skills of the worker. Also, he
first to investigate managerial behavior, but because he
iswas
a the
need
for
personal
practices.
The
established
a fair and acceptable pay system.
first to systematize it. He believed that sound
responsibility
for
training
workers
would
help
management practice falls into certain patterns that can
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth made their
to
a management
system.
behave
identified
and analyzed.
contribution to the scientific management
Charles Babbage Father of the Computer.
movement as a husbandandwife team. Lillian
He was considered as the Father of modern
He pointed out the available advantage for
and Frank collaborated on fatigue and motion
management theory and he developed the 14 Principles
division of labor.
studies and focused on ways of promoting the
of Management. These Principles were: Division of labor,
worker's welfare. To them, the ultimate
Authority,
Discipline,
of Command,
Unityindividual
of
Henry
Towne
ScienceUnity
Management.
He
aim
of
scientific
management was to help
Direction,the
Subordination
Interests to the
proposed
developmentofofIndividual
management
workers
reach
their
full potential as human
General Interest,
techniques
in everyRemuneration,
field of study. Centralization, Scalar
beings.
The
Gilbreths
argued
that motion study
Chain, Order, Equity, Stability of Tenure of Personnel,
would raise worker morale because of its obvious
Initiative
and Esprit
de Corps.
Henri
Fayol
Father
of the School of
physical benefits and because it demonstrated
Systematic management. Developed a
management's concern for the worker.
Fayol also
divided business
operations into six activities,
theory
of management
that analyzed
these
were: the
(1)roleTechnical

producing Henry
and L. Gantt Gantt began to reconsider
and
synthesized
of management
products;
CommercialHe
buyingTaylor's
raw
inmanufacturing
organizations
called(2) Fayolism.
incentive system. Gantt originated a
materials and
products;
(3) Financial
proposed
fiveselling
primary
functions
of acquiring
charting system for production scheduling. His
and using capital;
Securityprinciples
protecting
management
and (4)
fourteen
of employees
approach to labor is humanistic & believed it is
and
property;
(5)
Accounting

recording
and taking
management.
the managements responsibility for the training
stock of costs, profits and liabilities, keeping balance
of workers.
sheets, and compiling statistics; and (6) Managerial
He defined managing in Six functions: Forecasting,
Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating and
An approach to management
Controlling.

Bureaucratic
Management
An approach to management
1910

that focuses on the ideal form of

organization.

Max Weber was a German intellectual

whose life and work were paralleled to
those of Taylor and Fayol. He believed
that manager using proper organizational
structures will achieve productivity.
Weber defined that bureaucracy could be
an ideal intentionally rational and very
efficient form of organization founded on
principles of logic, order and legitimate
authority. It is a system that relies on
rules and regulations, hierarchy, division
of labor and procedures. He also believed
that technical competence should be
emphasized
and
that
performance
evaluations should be made entirely on
the basis of merit.
Weber believed that all bureaucracies
have the following characteristics:
(1) A well-defined hierarchy
(2) Division of labor and specialization
(3) Rules and regulations
(4) Impersonal relationships between
managers and employees
(5) Competence
(6) Records

EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT

that focuses on the management

process
and
principles
of
Administrative
management.
1920

Human
1930 Relations