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PSYCHOLOGY (PAPER-I)
I Time Allowed : Three Hours I Maximum Marks : 250 I

QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS
(Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions)
There are EIGHT questions divided in two Sections and printed both in HINDI and
in ENGLISH.
Candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.
Question Nos. 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, THREE are to be attempted
choosing at least ONE question from each Section.
The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must
be stated clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet in the space
provided. No marks will be given for answers written in medium other than the authorized
one.
Word limit in questions, wherever specified, should be adhered to and if answered in much
longer or shorter than the prescribed length, marks may be deducted.
Attempts of questions shall be counted in chronological order. Unless struck off, attempt of a
question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank
in the Question-cum-Answer Booklet must be clearly struck off.
I IP.T.O.
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~A
I SECTION-A
1. f.t"'1f<1fulo ~ m q;r "3<11: WT'I'T 150 ~ il- :

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10x5=50
(a) \i141~i.f> 3lftrr4' (~ .) 3fu: ~ (~~IR'I) if;~~ ~I
Distinguish between 'social learning' and 'conditioning'.
(b) ~ ~ <Iii \'ii.t><"1'11 <Iii "''TG''T ~ 3fu: ~ '>fm iJ ~ "3'1'iW 'R ~~I
Explain the concept of 'sensory adaptation' and discuss its uses in day-to-day
life.
(c) Rl'hH11<*t> 'lfturr41 q;j ~ ORf.l if; ~. ~ ~ ;rulJ'! (~1'1~R<1 ~) if; ~ i!,
~~<li\~~~1
Present an outline of the ecological perspective as an innovative approach
to facilitate developmental outcomes.
(d) 41~~~1f.'ti.f> ~~<R il <!>R'Ii Rl~<il~1 if; m'triT q;r 'f1lR ~ 3fu: ~ ~ ~ m
if;~
(WIR) <liT 'f1lR ~I
Describe the uses of factor analysis in psychological research and indicate
different types of rotations used in it.
In what ways 'within factorial design' differs from 'between factorial design'?
2. (a) 31<"1i.f>lf<'li.f> ~ ('mi-Clt itmtl) <Iii ~-ml>'! ~ 3fu: ~-ml>'! ~if;~~~~
Distinguish between single-process theory and dual-process theory of
short-term memory. 20
(b) t~lci<>~f.ti.!> wRI 'R ~~if;~ 'ihT.!-<ft 41i~~lf.'ti.!> ~ q;r ~ fif;<rr "''T "<l"i.f>ill ~?
What psychological techniques can be used to enhance cleanliness in
public places? 15
(c) 41i~~lf.'ti.f> ~I<R il 'ihT.!-<ft ~ ~ ~ ~ %? ~ m'triT q;j ~I
What are the multivariate techniques used in psychological research? Indicate
their uses.
3. (a) ~~~'I!Tii.f> ~I<R <Iii ~ (~RifM) if; ~ 'ihT.!-"i\ ~ m if; N<R %? ~ <Iii ~
"i\ 31'RT "3<11: "f'f2 ~ I
What are the various kinds of threats to the validity of experimental research?
15
Illustrate your answer with the help of examples. 20
{b) ~IPli.f>dl 3lfuTT4 if; 'l'lT ~ ~a'[U[ %? <11f<lf<li.f> '>fm iJ ~ f<l><R1
What are the distinctive features of probability learning? How useful is it in
real life? 15
'3'!<Wft ~?
2
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(c) 'flrl >lt'l13"1 (~)
3li<!<RT i!; ~
1% ('<HI rlli\i %f;ln ~? \Pi\
3ffi ~ (~ 3ffi i!iT'{~'{Bl) 'R foR '11;
i'\ O>ffi9'lT ~I
Is perception a constructive process? Explain in the light m studies on illusions

and constancies. IS
4. (a) 'flrl 3ll'! V:m ~% Fl; ~l'fRii!i ~, ll1'1&~1Ri!i 3li<!<RT i!; full, 1% ~ ~
m i\i\i\ %?
wR "3<1\ ofi't ~ ij <r<f; ~ I

Do you think that natural sciences provide a good model for psychological
studies? Give arguments in favour of your answer. 20
(b) f<t>~n<I<H-m i!; trrR <i~l~lrlli!i ~ ~ i!; ~ 'la:il 'R ~ ~~
Discuss the main aspects of cognitive and moral development during
adolescence. IS
(c) l1T'fil ~ i\ ('q~lrlli\i wn !_fl('q'llrlli\i %f;ln3l) ofi't 'flrl ~ ~? O>ffi9'lT ~I
What is the role of constructive and reconstructive processes in human
memory? Explain.
I SECTION-B
s. f.lqR\fulo ~ m i!i1 "3<1\ Wl'l'T 150 ~ i'\ ~ :
~B
IS
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : JOxS=SO
(a) t;lffi (~Q;l~H) i!; ~-"B ~ ~ %? \i~Hirlli\i %f;ln3l) 'R ~ >r'1T'i\ i\i1 quf;j ~I
What are the main types of meditation? Describe their effects on cognitive
functioning.
fb J f<!ful! :>~l<mi!io 1->il ~ -.rail ofi't ~ i!; 3lTi!i<'R il J.TR "iiT<'fi <'ll'Wllm
i\i1
quf.! ~ 1
Describe the problems in the assessment of intelligence of children with

special needs.
(c) \i~ 1 11r4i\i 3J:!'l'il i\ f<&:r;! ~ 3ffi ~1{\<f?Mirll'h %f;ln3l) ofi't ~ i\i1 ~ ~I
Discuss the role of various neural and physiological processes in emotional
experiences.
{d) ~ ofi't (UH-1Ri<i1 3ffi ~-3lltm i!; 'fit ij JI"I.Wil IDU 'flrl "'Hi\il{\ >!TH ~~?~~I
What has been learned through experiments about the strategies and
knowledge base of experts? Discuss.
(e) 'flrl !f'll04"1 m (~~"'i,<H "Siliffi) i\ 3ll<ll-"ii<ft ~ *iol0414i\i ~? flaluft ~I
Is self-serving bias universal in attribution process? Comment.
3 (P.T.O.
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~ >l<!iR ~ "B ~ ~? 31f('l:l-~ (~-~) 3ft<: O!lffi><11~t11'

i_~'lidl<11~ 1R ~ 1J11; 3'1urRT if; >!'lim -q ~~I
How is self related to culture? Discuss in the light of studies on self-construal
and individualism-collectivism. 20
(b) lffi<ft<! ~1{ -q froffirr 3ft<: <!S~ 1R W:quft "ifif<t Sl( ~ (~) "B JlT@rq; '1T'!
T-;f\f<r
<lit~~~~
Commenting on bilingualism and multilingualism in the Indian context,
outline a language policy relevant to schooling. 15
(c) ~ ~ 3ft<: ljf.lq ~ >rsfiJ!1ll "ffir <lit <frqr31'\ <lit WRT ~I ljf.lq ~ if; fu1( ~
6. (a) 31f('l:l (~)
'lfturrtiT q;r ~ ~I
Compare the limits of artificial intelligence and human information processing
system. Discuss their implications for human performance. 15
7. (a) Jli'il!,. ~ ~ Wfu ~ if; q;r<if -q ~fdf.l~o HI~~<!iqo1 firi'ttl if; 3<;f<1<1ilt1 q;r
Bfu1l
~~I
Briefly discuss the evolution of psychoanalytic theory as reflected in the works

of Fromm, Erikson and Sudhir Kakar. 20
(bJ WI<! ~ (~ ~) "B '!<IT <!Ti'1"! ~? ~ ~$ii1~f f.t<r<il q;r quf.! ~ 3ft<: ~ WI<!
"B
~ fi<li<"l~lm q;r $ ~~
What is meant by rule learning? Describe some important rules along with
description of the concepts related to each rule. 15
(c) ~~if;
f.ltffiuT -q fi~IM'Ii ~<lit '!<IT~~?~ ~I
What is the role of cognitive factors in determining emotional functioning?

Discuss.
8. (a) ~~if;~ 'W!i '1>'\;!--B ~? ~ "'R <lf<il ~ -q ~~<it~ 'l'!f.t -q lffill-f'rnl
3ft<: fu~ ~ >r'llR ~ it ~ ~?

What are the key components of emotional intelligence? How can parents
15
and teachers help facilitate its development in school-going children? 20
-q iWT B '.
~ <lit ~ q;r ~ ~I 'ffl ~ 31f'tjq; ~ 'f'il ~?

Discuss the roots of gender-related prejudice in the Indian society. Why is it
so resistant?
(c) . 3l1H IDU ~ TJ1l; ~ ~ ~ 1R f<Rm: "ifif<l Sl( ~ f'li '~>'\;! -"B ~ '1i"T% "ti<m: <lit
(b) lffi<f1<l ~
~~
-q ~ q;>; ~~I
Considering some successful advertisements witnessed by you, describe the

15
key factors that enhance the effectiveness of communication. 15
***
4 588-600
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'f.mfftrr ?11l'l : rft;r <it
CS (Main) Exam : ,2014

iiOi'iR:l#iH/ PSYCHOLOGY
~-'Q:if
II I Paper II
Time allowed : Three Hours

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~m: 25o
Maximum Marks: 250
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Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions:
There are EIGHT questions divided in TWO SECTIONS and printed both in HINDI and
in
ENGLISH.
Questions no. 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, THREE are to be
attempted
choosing at least ONE from each section.
The number of marks carried by a question/ part is indicated against it.
Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which
must be
stated clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet in the space
provided. No
marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
Word limit in questions, wherever specified, should be adhered to.
Attempts of questions shall be counted in chronological order. Unless struck off, attempt
of a
question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left
blank in the
Question-cum-Answer Booklet must be clearly struck off
f
'i
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~A
SECTION A
Ql. f.lqfB:1f7g(1
m if it~
Cl>T ~ WlWT 15o ~if~:
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10X5=50

(a) ~4Rh'f> fmrr3if ~ ~ 3ll'f>~'H if Cf>t.f-it "i.f>R<l> mm ~ .~ ~ ?
~qr;:r .
m~~~if"W~~ 1
What factors can impede. fair assessment of individual differences ?
Examine in the light of research evidence.
(b) f.r.rr
W l:l'f>Rkli'f> ~ (ftllri) it <fm ~ t ?
What is meant by unconditional positive regard ?

(c) WJo;:IT
if ~-~ it ~ ~ ~. 3"1<lfl:1"1 <fit Cf>t.f-m {UJ;f)Ri<tl tl>T ~
~~~t?
Which rehabilitative strategies can be employed by the organisations to
10
10
handle the workplace violence ? 10
(d) l:ili$ll~l( fcn ~-~ ('~ <fit ~ fcnl:1 >IOflR l:llliiNJCf> ~ q;) <:1$ll~
l:lt'!I4Cf> ~ ~
if
tI
Explain how the creation of superordinate goals can help in resolving

social conflicts.
(e) 'lffi(1 if "1"1<8Mi f.l<i;toJ
"i.f>RCl> ~ ~
Cf>f.t if Cf>t.f-it l:llliiNJCf> Cf lOJ.i)~:j'IIRCf>
~?
What social and psychological factors come in the way of population
10
control in India? 10
Q2. (a) 'lffi(1 if ~fdlil<:'l
Cf>f.t ~ ~ l:lllil"""' liHHl'f> ~ "W~ ~ Ri'f>ll:l if "l(Cf)

>~il~:~uf.!Cf> "'f>l f<fM fcrfmf >IOflR ~ "I1R"Cf>l "'f>l Ri'f>m(j
Cf>f.t <fit 3l1Cl:t4'f>(11 WIT ?
What different types of norms will a psychologist need to develop a test
of general mental ability for use in India ? 15
(b) 'lnfi<r <Hif1>Ri'f> ~if ~it~: l:R l:li!O@Cf> f.lof4"1 ~ ~
>f<l'm
if; ~2il <fit fci~"''"ll ~ I

Discuss the implications of employing group decision-making in issues
involving development in the Indian cultural context. 15
(c) fcnm
m "3Wfi ~ liil~:~uf.!Cf> ~a.:fUff "'f>l ~ ~ I
Explain psychological characteristics of a successful entrepreneur. 20

.
'
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Q3. (a) fct~=<Ht
<hlRlll!> fcl; Sllil~dt ~ m q.;)a~tPicti ii~'6'Rft 3fu:
~ <it "lNTfcrn
"C!ift~l
Discuss how happiness may influence psychological well-being and
health. 15
(b) f.W-1
<it etA-~ qofla~tPicti ~ lilt'IIMC!id: ~ ~ .q \W<ft ~ ?
What psychological conditions keep the poor in a socially disadvantaged

state? 15
(c) ~ q.;1a~tPi'*'1 ~ ~.
<tA-B '11ia~~Pi"' ~ (ii'IR:Olil) ~ '11m! -ij
~ fctctitlil <it ~ Cfi\ ~ ~ ? ~ <hlRlll!> 1

What psychological motives have retarded economic development in
India, according to some psychologists ? Discuss. 20
Q4. (a) <tA-B '11ia~1Picti "C!iRC!i 3ltdcti<lt~-~ <it ~~_,"' ~ ~ ~ ?
What psychological factors keep the group of terrorists cohesive? 15
(b) ctii.'ifCtia
m-m (fRit<::t~::rs) ~ liii'IIMC!i lil'li~~H ~ ~ 3Wl ~
'11'1a~~Pi"'
~ "C!il ~ <! ?
What psychological knowledge will you put to use for social inclusion of
the stigmatized? 15
(c) ~ ~311 <it ~ fcfim ;;rr BC!iffi ~ ? Qlfcl<.1 C!i<:filtfl:<ll ~ ~ ~
>ifu&'fUT
C!it4*'q ~ 3l~t<iHltC!i ~ ~ ~ ?
Can leaders be trained ? What will be the essential components of a
leadership training programme for the civil servants ? 20
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't.Sf1JS B
SECTIONB
Q5. f.i"'""W!Rila ~if~ ~ CfiT ~ WTWT 150 ~ if~ :
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10X5=50
How will you distinguish between anxiety and mood disorders ?
(b) ~ fcRm: if f<m ~ ([Cp <lil'ElWten l<ito-1l -it ~ ~ >rrn ~ TT11;
>TOPtR
-it Rl<&t~l 'fiT m\0 if ~ J<ilo;jj <fit ent4ic-101endl ~ ~ %"g ~Bl1011(1

if~"'T~~?
To what extent, do you think that the principl~s of management derived
from the study of industrial organisations can be applied to improve the

functioning of bureaucratic organisations in India?
Enumerate the factors that can impact upon the teaching-learning
process in rural India.
(d) ~ 101-1'1 ~ ;~11 f.\ en -it ~ if, ~ -qftcm: -it l1f.j<f; -it ~ if, ~ q fl;ct
ct"' %g,
~ eni4M fclenma ~ 1
As a psychologist, develop a programme to bring about attitudinal
10
10
10
change in favour of small family norm. 10
(e) f{g ("'I f?;;4l "it f.\"'' I e:'\ <fit 'f.& if, 1011"1 Rl en f.t 141 I ct 1:1~1 (
~) <fit ~ ~
B"<:fi(fi ~ ? ~ ~ I
What role can mental imagery play in enhancing the performance of
sportspersons ? Discuss.
Q6. (a) ~-m "C>!!fu; -it~
if Cl>t.!-m Rlfcn<:BI ~qq; ~lctenttl Wft?
3N-t ~
"it tm2f.l if "d"Cf; ~ I
What therapy will be most efficacious in case of someone who is
10
suffering from depression? Give reasons in support of your answer. 15
(b) ~
-it ::J>"' q i'Et"' if 101-il ~ :ft I RCf> l ciT m 1"il Rt4l .Cfil m q;f.t
<fit BlJTCRl
B"<:fi(fi
t ~~~I
State the challenges the psychologists are likely . to face in the

rehabilitation of criminals. 15
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'
(cJ ~ 3l;lm4'i %g
M t.t>I4Sil"' '<.f)) i<lt.t>rua "t.flf.t if, ~-"B q.;)~~uf.lt.t>
~ q:;r
~ fcf;<rr 'ill ~
t?
Q7. (a)
What psychological knowledge can be used to develop a programme for
women entrepreneurs ?
3l'a!Nt.fl ~.tt.~.tt.'
~ ~ B~l'!lt.fl
"B m:a M <m'lt.fl <t ~ 311CI~'!It.fldlaif <t ~ if
-m ~ ~ ?
How can teachers help in meeting the educational needs of a child

20
suffering from ADHD? 15
(b) Bl"'l~t.fl ~if:> ~IRt.t>l{l qfl:ou4'i Cf>T 3q~l"'"l ~ ~ fcf;<rr 'ill~
t?
How can the adverse consequences of social disadvantage be alleviated ? 15
f<l~z'lttol Cf>T ~ Sl4i"'"l ? 3lf1:r&111T-lltt&lUT if:>~ 3lTtf

~liT (i"''II:"H ~
~~?
What is the purpose of item analysis ? How would you car:ry it out for a
test of aptitude ? 20
QS. (a) "1-liRJfet>,BI (~tctf) if:> O<lCI~RCII~ 3q114'i if:> ~;&IRlt.fl
(c) lR
3lJlnU cfiT fc!Cl"''"ll

~I
Discuss the theoretical bases of behaviouristic approaches of
psychotherapy. 15
What are gender stereotypes in India ? How do they feed into gender
discrimination ?
(c) t.fla.Wf ~ <t AT. if~ Sil~'ifflcfl (~.it.) <t ~ "fclmaif
if~ ~ if; q;fj~~IRt.t>
mZ ~ ~ ?
What are the psychological disadvantages of learning in the distant

mode through IT compared to classroom learning ?
15
20
l
,.
~
-- __. - ~-....1
www.examrace.comTim e Allowed : Three Hours
q'ij fcl#i H
"SrR-lf?r-1
PSYCHOLOGY
Paper- 1
"B ~
~ ~ "3"ffi ~
-B-
m f.!! '""if?! Rot a ~ ~ Ul 1'1~ crq; ~ ,
IA-BRL-M-QTZAI
~ 3fcF>: 250
Maximum Marks: 250
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W!ffiqT eN ~ -q-fq -gv;:ff cf; ~ ~~ ~ I
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P lease read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting quest ions.
The re are E IGHT questions divided in Two Sections and printed both in HINDI a nd in ENGLISH.
Question no. 1 a nd 5 are compulsory and out of the remain in g, THREE are to be attempted choosing
at least ONE from each section.
The numbe r of marks carried by a question /part is indi cated aga inst it.
Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission certificate which must be stated
clearly
on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided. No marks will be
given
for answers written in medium other than the authorized one .
Word li mit in questions, wherever specified, s hould be adhered to and if answered in much longer or
shorter
than the prescribed lengt h, marks may be deducted.

Attempts or" question s shall be counted in chronological order. Unless struck off, attempt of a
question shall
be counted even if attempt ed patily. A ny page or portion of the page left blank in the answer book
must
be c learly struck off.
1
SECTION-A
Q. 1. frlHffiRold ~ ~ ~ \5{T ~ 150 ~ ~ 3lftrcfi "<l if
Answer the following, each in not more than 150 words : }0X5=50
Q . l(a) li .. t'l~ii11f.1Cfl -qftcrc:~ cfi 3lvr:rl it tl~l11cJO!Cf'l ~ Cl)1 3l lcihl'ikl1Cfl t<:lliCfl'i ~I
Critically evaluate the cognitive approach to the study of psychological phenomena.
10
Q. I(b) 1~ cf; .. ~q~~ -?!- cp:rr ~ ~ 7 11=iiCl:$JIACF ~fl'ur-1 il' ~ fcRr m crrm ~
~?
What is ethnocentrism ? How is it reflected in psychological research ? 10
What factors contribute to the encoding of information into LTM ? 10
How do genes affect development ? 10
Q. 1 (e) :!~1 of; ~ Cfli!i~JOil. CfiT cruf1 ~ Cf2-TT 3TlWri ctf ~ lf{ ~ ~'~Wfi ~
mer
~I
Describe different reinforcement schedules and indicate their effects on the strength of
learning. 10
Answer the following, each in not more than 250 words : 15+20+15=50
What do you understand by 'effect size' and 'statistical power' ? Explain their si gnificance.
15
Q. 2(b) 611\3~41 3TI\ ~zf cfi 311,fl'm1l' tfi %NT il', rqCfll{"ilcJOJCfl qftoiiJOil- cf; ~ ~
~m
if;~ ctf ~~I
Discuss the importance of early rel ationship for developmental outcomes in the light of
researches by Bowlby and Anisworth. 20
Compare template matching and feature detection accounts of pattern recognition. 15
2
Answer the following, each in not more than 400 word s : 25X2=50
Q. 3(a) 1=!'-r'if?t~ l1 cf; 3F'fvrffi~ cR "ft~ 3Th" ~ ~ <i'f m cR ~ if; ~ ~ ~ ~3fT
"" c. ~
ffi1T ~ % ~ ~ fct; 11~~ g I 't R1 Cfl f<ffiT~ tR 3fT[j I R d "ir1T ~

o?;JT c: ~1{ ~ R-~ 3T~W( 0ii BIJOJ 1N Cfl ~ if; stR1~11 Cfi1 ~m Cf1"f41 ~ 1 ~ ciT ~
~ : "C!,Cfl ill ~
"" ~
"li\TI if ~ 3fTl1 ~ Lfg:f tiT fcrqg:r if ~ ? 3iTI CftiT ? ~ "Jm ~ I

The discipline of psychology has grown and developed through debate between those
who held that it should be modelled on natural science and those who subscribed to the
view that it has to follow the model of social science. What arguments you envision for
or against these views ? What position you would like to endorse and why ? 25
Q. 3 (b) B- ~ 111 , J:j Cfl -o:cr B, '91 N1
Cfl ~
-B Fct> ~n ?r cr1 fct>~-fct>~ ~ ~~ "CflT
"IDl11T ~ "Cf0IT
Bring out the key developmental challenges fac ed by adolescents in the cognitive and
social domaips. 25
Q. 4(a) ~ -m=m: ~m PmJ ~ ~ qftfJJJl CftiT r:nff iRrr 7
Why our representations of the external world are not entirely accurate ? 15
Q. 4(b) ~ ~ i<;J~0Cf1"1 S1ffi~11 Cf>T cruf1" "o:cf ~1" ~I
Describe and evaluate the modal model of short-term memory. 20
Q. 4(c) -?r~ if; ~~ ~ "CflT cruf~ ~ ~ -?f~oi~0Cfl 3T1,~UT"1" if 3hr~ if; 3JqiC\1'1l.
tR 1JCflNT
~I
Describe the basic elements of observation and bring out the implications of the dimension
of participation in observational research. 15
SECTION- B
Q. 5. f.1"'"1f<1Rold "<fi ~ ~ \ill ~ 150 ~ "ft ~ "4 if
Answer the following, each in not more than 150 words : 10X5=50
Q. 5 (a) fCl ~ ISJ Cfl '9 'll F2l ~ 11 ~ ftt1 R1 q {Cfl +fr:rtm err 1JCflNT ~ 1
What is the situationalist critique of trait psychology ? 10
3
Explicate Sternberg's view of intelligence and bring out its implications for schooling.
10
Q. 5(c) "GfRf- ~ if ~ ~ ciT iSfR
mw ~ wR ciT ("lll41Ntct1
ttl{ LR,
ti\4Qctld, c~fcl:dl ld
..., n " ~ Lf""{ I "-dJ I ll \fCP I

\3 41<tc:~
~~ CfiT ~ ~ ~ ~ vt~ ~ ~u
it m ~ ~2:ffc1 CfiT f.1 q''-q"'
~I
' 'Every function in the child's development appears twice : first on social level and later,
on the individual level. "-Vygotsky
Discuss the above statement and indicate your own position on this proposition. 10
Q. 5(d) ~-Rl1iur it <Ft""'"
m 51ffii~1ct m-ar ~ ?
What are the processes of language production ? 10

Q. 5 (e) fCI ~ Gi ~1 U rfl fu itfp:!> fcf>fr 3T~ if ~ ~ ~ ?
How do novices differ from experts ? 10
Q. 6( a) '~"l!C1 "' 1\11 Cf1 311, 'l"f2f q -arret 3-ih" ~ rflc;n-Uf ctfr ~
Bring out the role of left and right hemispheres in emotional experience. 15
Q. 6(b) 3l l ... dRCf1 ~
Lf""{ ~
u CflTI ~ ~ ? m -Rr:r CfiT1f eFt- rn -cF ~ ~ ~ ~ :Htd
fcl:>m \ifT(ff ~, ~ ~ ~ Cfil1 ~ -m- \ilTcfT ~ ?

What is intrinsic motivation ? Why it gets reduced if the person gets external reward for
undertaking a task that he or she loves ? 20
Q. 6(c) ~ ~ eFT ~ ~I CflTI 'l:fg mcf'lfn:r men ~ 3Tttcff ("littRI"f1 m
Lf""{ ~
Explain correspondence bias. Is it universal or culturally variable ? 15

Answer the following, each in not more than 400 words : 25x2=50
Q. 7(a) ~ cf; Rlifur
if ("I I JOJI~Cf1 f{cpff<f1(U I efT CfllT ~ ~ ~ ? ~ Cf)1"f rn cF ~
wncr
~ ~fcl:a tt'i CfiT

~I
What is the ro l e of social categorization in the formation of prejudice ? Suggest some
strategies to reduce prejudice. 25
4
Q. 7(b) BfG1 ~ ~'4 if tj1"1f?l~(9tsjOII<:tjCfi ~~ !11fl{f#>Lfl <:tjCfi 3T21CIT fl:$1111

<:Acn ~ ~ ~ ~
M=r ~ ?
How the psychoanalytic view differs from physiological or cognitive view of dream ?
25
Q . 8. f.iP=tRlRotct ~ ~ ~ \1iT ~ 250 ~ " ~ -ij- .,.

Answer the following, each in not more than 250 words : 15+20+15= 50
Q . 8(a) Ai'I~:$1IF'i Cfi RlifuTI cf; qft~og: ~ \34tfl lft ~ ~
m cf fc';ru; LJ..fl~'i'!
lf.ict> ~'1
\34Cfi{O rr
* fffi1:
<Ft~-Cf'l~
m 3l!C1!1L!Cfidi3IT ctr ~ tn-;ft ~ ?
What are t he requirements to be met by psychological assessment tools for offering

accurate and useful measure of psychological constructs ? 15
Q. 8(b) 9 {OII<:ACfi 1nlm ~ 1J'~Wfi 1ffirr ~ 7 ~ ~I
What makes a persuasive attempt effect ive ? Discuss. 20
Q. 8(c) f3r:rT fBOE:Ird if Slfd 41Rd cLffcl:d\q cfi fcrlsn:r "if ~ ~ "CfiT qof~ ~I
Describe the Indian approach to personality as reflected in the principle of three Gunas.
15
5
I~=<IR~I
~-~~~~
(~ ~ ~ ~ f.lhlfB:ifui(i ~ en) ~ "ffi"Cf~l41'lcfcti ~)

GT "&Uit 11 ~ 3110 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W<ft \fci ~ c:t.iT
3Wil~ql{
11 ~~I
cnT ~~~~~~~ I
A-BR~M-QTZB
~3{q:;: 250
U&n 1 3fu: 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ >lT-it il"B ~ ~ "B q)ll-"B-q)ll ~~~(fA~~~ ~I
f.'!<Rf ~~~~~~I
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ +rfv:p:{ 11 fa@ ~ ~. ~ $ ~ ~ -'Cf;f -q fcf;m Tflfl ~. ~ ~ +rfv:p:f CfiT ~
$ ~-~-~ (~o ~o 'll;o) ~ ~ ~ 'R ~ ~ 'R fcf;"lrr ~~I~ +rfv:p:f ~ ~ ~
~ ~/mrl ~ ~
+rrv:m -q fu'@ ~ ~ 'R Cfi){ ~ ~ ~I
~ cf;t ~ ~.~~~ . en) l1Rl ~ ~ ~
"Cfilf
<:rR "3m: cf;t ~ ~ lf"P1 ~ B ~ ~ 3l~
m, -m ~ -q Cflfuft ~ ~ ~ ~~
"B ~ fcn<:rr ~~I
cf;t lJURT Shtlli*!l{ ~ ~ 1 31TfuCfi ~ B ~ ~ ~ ~ "3m: en) ,:ft llf.<fill <ft ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~tm"OTT ~ ~. "3B"Cfi) ~
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PSYCHOLOGY (PAPER-II)
I Time Allowed : Three Hours I Maximum Marks : 250 I

(Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions)
There are EIGHT questions divided in two Sections and printed both in HINDI and
in ENGLISH.
Question Nos. 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, THREE are to be attempted
choosing at least ONE question from each Section.
The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must
be stated clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet in the space
provided. No marks will be given for answers written in medium other than the authorized
I one.
Word limit in questioqs, wherever specified, should be adhered to and if answere d in much
longer or shorter than the prescribed length, marks may be deducted.
Wherever any assumptions are made for answering a question, they must be clearly
indicated.
Attempts of questions shall be counted in chronological order. Unless struck off, attempt of a
question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank
in the Question-cum-Answer Booklet must be clearly struck off.
1 [P.T.O.
~A
I SECTION-A
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10x5=50

(a) 3n11 ~ tJJf.t ~ o ~. fcfi ~ ~ q;r 1% ~ W8JUT ~ ~ l1rl Cf>@T %, ~ '3WflT m~ ~
3fn: ~ q;r ~ cn?.R Cf>@T i, ~ ~ cnBr ~ i?
~~
How will you ensure that a newly constructed personnel selection test
measures that it purports to measure and predicts what it intends to predict?
Explain.
(b) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1l ~ ~ 3fu ~ 'G\ ~ ~~ ~ ~lliiMCfi ~ ~
"fiG~
ll -:q:qf ~I
Reflect on the major issues and contradictions related to the understanding

of well-being. Discuss with reference to current social trends.
(c) 3TI'1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
}fCf)f{ ~?~~~~~I
How would you identify gifted children? Explain with examples.

(d) ~ ~ 'f.tuf<l >ffio<n ~~~~~~~\liT~~. ~~~I
Discuss the steps that can be taken to improve the quality of group decisionmaking.
.q 'lffiO ~ ~
~ fcf;<;rr \liT ~ ~?
(e) ~ ~
i I 'lffiO .q ~ ~ cfi't liDff cplf Cfif.t .q lii'i ~~I RCfi ~ q;r <FIT
rates very high on carbon emission. What use can be made of

psychological knowledge to reduce the level of carbon emission in India?
Answer the following questions in about 200 words each
Ind~a
.q ~<FIT~ i? ~ Wr<RT .q, ~ C:'M<:tllt\ 'G\ mmfur t

~ en) fcfiB ~ ~ 'Cfift i, ~ ~I
(a) ~'lo'1t(liCfi ~ ~ ~
What is your understanding of organizational politics? Discuss how it impacts

decision-making processes in bureaucratic organizations.
(b) 1% ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ '{ftln' ~'1[q ~ liii~~IRCfi
f.lt%m'm 'G\ -:q:qf ~I
Discuss the psychological implications of the 'glass ceiling' effect from the
perspective of an administrator.
(c) m\0 ll Wlffi ~ ~ 'G\ ~ q;'@ ~ ~ ~ fcfi <Fn ~ '3B ~en) cplf enG 1l
~ ~ ~ ~. ~ Bllil~th :mfllW <fi CfiRUT ~ ~ '5ffifT WI ~I
Reflecting on the status of education in India, state whether it can help in
f.tuf<l
15
15
reducing the gap which has been experienced due to social inequality. 20
71-!7J~'}J[-27Z2J /39 2
Answer the following questions in about 200 words each :
(a) ~ ~ -B 3l8:1l{ ~ ~ ~ -il lR1 {li41MCfl ~ ~-31Ttllfuf ~ ~ ~ cf;1
~~ "51"\llc()~IC:Cfldl
efi't ~~I
Discuss the relative efficacy of psycho-social and community-based

rehabilitation models in case of the physically challenged. 15
fbJ 3Ta'=~ am~=~~~~~ <'f>l ~ ~ ~ -wro ~""!Cfli'hl efi't ~ ~~ ~

~~iRlCfl ~ efi't ~ 'B ~ tn: ~ ~I
Identify relevant indices for understanding the emergence of ingroup and
outgroup processes. Discuss with the help of a suitable theoretical framework. 20
(c) mf -il ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
efi't ~~I {li(fRlCfl ~ ~ ~ "Sl"mfcf ~ ~?
Discuss the key determinants of consumer behaviour in India. How do cultural

values influence it?
(a) ~
-m ;"B q.j)~~ I RCfl m /~ "CflT m
31 'ffizi1
Cf>l ~ "Cfl\"A ~ ~ fcn<.n ~
B"Cfl"dl ~' ~
~ ~ 31Tm\ tR qftcm: ~ "CflT fcffiq ~ ~?
What psychological approach/ approaches can be used to persuade those who

15 .
oppose family planning on religious grounds? 15
(b) {llt!C:If"ll'h ~
Cf>l ffi -il ~ efi't ~ m~ --t1 -m~ 'ffi<l -il ~ ~ ~ fcrotr 3ll~i'i("Ht Cf>l ~
ll 00 ~ {li41MCfl WWTI~ 'B ~ cfrr (OI;ftf<141 efi't m
~~I
Identify the factors in arousal of community consciousness and also the

strategies for handling social problems keeping in view some of the recent
protest movements in India.
(c) ~-~ Rlfct>ct=11 (clientcentred therapy) ~ ~ ~ <FIT ~? ~ f.rf%o
Rlfct>Rfl4 m efi't ~ ~ 1
What are the necessary conditions required in client-centred therapy? Discuss
20
the therapeutic process involved in it. 15
3 (P.T.O.
~B
I SECTION-B
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each 10x5=50

(a) ~ ~ fcfi futftl[%lll CfiT ft<n \lfR qrc;n !Hf~~IRCh >rfua:M ~ m, itlf ~
~
3fu: ~
t m-,f -it, >P<II~<hl t ~ ~ ~ mT ~ I
Discuss how the psychological training given to sports persons can be useful
for administrators with reference to maintaining team spirit and group morale.
(b) \~ ifi ~ cfi't ~"i~~~IIRCh ~'t.TR-W (resilience} ~ ~ ~ ~ ~? ~
~I
How can psychological resilience of the personnel of . the armed forces be
enhanced? Discuss.
(c) ~ ~ fcfi fi~HI,~Ch ~ ~~{OII,~Ch 'F.lZCh 3~:M<Rf!C11-~ CfiT ~ >!~ Cfi\ ~~I
Discuss how cognitive and motivational factors influence entrepreneurial
behaviour.
How can psychological principles be used to conserve water? Develop a plan.
(e) '~:WT"h ~fclt>.,.i)Rh' cfi't W'@IT ~~ cp.n ~ ~ CfliT it; ~ t ~ ~ >rmcr ~
~~?
Define 'self-fulfilling prQphecy'. Can it affect the students' performance

belonging to special categories?
(a) ~
t ~ cfi't OlfT&lT em-
-it~~ &lRhfClq{Ch ~
t ~eyen ~ cfi't ~
~I
Discuss the relative significance of group factors versus personality factors in
explaining the behaviour of terrorists.
(b) Rl~~ih{ OllRti11d .qm

~
~~~~~~~
cn1 l1l1R cm1 ~.fl~~IRih ~&fliT it ~ ~ ~ ~ cfit
Identify the ethical and non-ethical uses of psychological tests especially

20
measuring individual differences. Provide suitable examples. 15
4
(c) WT&iT il ~ ~311 "ID\1 ~ ~ fcf;;{ 3lTmit q)T

wnq ~ ~ ~
~~I
What bases of power are used by successful leaders to exercise influence
within organizations? Discuss.
fcn<n ~ i?
il fWr-~ ct>l "3Wf Cfi8 t! ~ fu~ mtf ~ i?

What lessons can be drawn from psychological research to promote gender
15
equality in the workplace? 15
(a) Ji{l~~lf.iCfi m~ ~ ~
(b) ~'"il~~IRCfl ~
~?
lftWn WU ~H11~1~Cfi ~ cnl ~ Cfi8 ~ ~ il
~~
m "Cfi"W
What explanations are offered by psychological theories about the manner in

which media influences antisocial behaviour? 20
(c) J311 ~ ~ ~~ "Cfll ~qiafta 'cti8 il, ~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ~ 5ildif?l41\
~
>rmcn "Q\ ~ ~~
Discuss the influences of information technology in modifying the career

perspectives of young adults with special reference to the values of life. 15
Answer the following questions in about 200 words each
(a) Bif<tiRicti tTfWn ~ m~-~ ~ RlfcfKB I311 ~ TfTUllf ~ BCfil(lr4Cfi lfR'"ffiCfi ~
ffil~d
ct>l si'l
Cfi8 ct lf~ "Q\ fcFm ~ I

Reflect on the poss ibility of fostering positive mental health through indigenous
therapies along with cultural practices. 20
(b) ~ ~ il ~ {1141~Cfi
~ "Q\ -:q:cri ~ I
rit ct ~ il i? ~ rit ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "Cfll ~ ~ 3fR
Is religion in India at the root of social conflicts? Discuss and provide suitable
ways to deal with such conflicts. 15
{c) "f.tt.f.:rcrr 4:_-i~ICfl(OI ~
fcr:qffi ~ ~
ll "dcfi W ct~ I
t!311 ~ m~ m:flful ~ ~ i I" <f<n 3l]'q ~ mTI ~ ~ ~? ;wA
"Poverty alleviation is a dream spread with ulterior motives." Do you agree?

Justify your views. 15
***
5 BS4- 570St. No.
F-DTN-M-QTZA
PSYCHOLOGY
Paper I
I Time Allowed : Three Hours II Maximum Marks : 300,

INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English.
Answers must be written in the medium specified in
the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must
be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in
the space provided for the purpose. No marks will be
given for the answers written in a medium other than
that specified in the Admission Certificate.
Candidates should attempt Question Nos. 1 and 5
which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining
questions selecting at least one question from
each Section.
The number of marks carried by each question is
indicated at the end of the question.
Important : Whenever a Question is being
attempted, all its parts I sub-parts must be attempted
contiguously. This means that before moving on to
the next Question to be attempted, candidates must
finish attempting all parts/sub-parts of the previous
Question attempted. This is to be strictly followed.
Pages left blank in the answer-book are to be clearly
struck out in ink. Any answers that follow pages left
blank may not be given credit.
~ ~ : ~if iN ~ <MI"il< ~ ~'if-'ff it' fiteffl 'fF!
'1'0971' ~I
www.examrace.com
Section 'A'
1. Answer the following, each in not more than
!50 words : 12x5=60
(a) Elucidate the contributions of Sir Francis
Galton in shaping psychology.
(b) Discuss the criteria of question-writing in a
survey research.
(c) Bring out the difference between 'sampling
error' and 'error in sampling'. How 'sampling
error' is reduced ?
(d) Describe the role of epigenetic model in
determining human behaviour.
(e) Discuss the 'pay-off matrix' in relation to the

signal detection theory.
2. Answer the following, each m not more than
250 words. 20x3=60
(a) Discuss the three basic conditions for using
't' -test of significance. Describe at least five
different uses of 't'-test with examples.
F-DTN-M-QTZA 2 (Contd.)
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m. lit i'
t. f.11<1fiolfi:~C1 ~ :m<: ~. ;;IT ~ tso ~'fiiif ~
3ffuq; il 'f ~ : 12x5=60
( q;) 11 '11 M'l t\'1 q;r f.rt1fu ~ il m: g; IP i"' ITTWf ~
~q;r~~l
(l[) ~~1;1UT ~mriflr.Ffm~ 1114/lO.st <fiT~
~I
( tr) 'g Rl"'lll'1 ~ aft\ 'g Rl"'lll'1 il ~ il ~ ~
~I 'gfdoqll'1 ~ ~ ~ ;;rr ~ ~?
('~") ~ ~ ~
f.r<.ffi:ur il ~"'l"''1H<i> ~eft
~ <fiT 'f1lf;r ~ I
(s:)m~~~~il~~
(tr-31N ~)<fiT~~ I
2. f4141fiolR~C1 ~ :m<: ~. ;;IT ~
2so ~'fiiif ~
3ffuq; il Of~ : 20x3=60
(<i>) ~ ~ 'iT'-~ ~ '1li\lr ~ ~
m.r
~~<fiT~~1'iT'-~~
~ ~ ~ ~ 311;9<ili'i <fiT 'dili\)(01 ~ 'f1lf;r
~I
www.examrace.com
(b) Compare Sperling's experiments with that of

Neisser's experiments in the study of sensory
memory. What did these two experiments
prove?
(c) With suitable examples, critically evaluate
both primary and secondary reinforcements
and bring out their role in establishing
conditioning.
3. Answer the following. each Ill not more than
400 words. 30x2=60
(a) In which way IRT is an improvement over
classical test theory ? Compare the two
approaches and critically evaluate Rasch's
model of IRT.
(b) Describe Broadbent's filter theory of attention.

Why this elegant theory turned out to be
inadequate ? Comment upon the alternate
approaches.
4. Answer the following; each tn not more than
250 words. 20x3=60
(a) What is McCrary-Hunter 'invariance hypothesis'
? Discuss the shape and characteristics
of serial position error curve in tenus of
'in variance hypothesis'.
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("f) ~ ~fu ~ 31~ if~~~ <liT \'fi'IT

'1WR" ~ ~ it ~ I ~ GlriT ~ i't '!<IT
fu;[f<rnr7
am 1iT1lf '!'1_;-Wtf
q;r 311<'11-q*llCf> 'i"'~ict>'1 ~ am ~
(rr) H'!Rld di;l!$(0[( ~ 914fi"lct>
?ll'Rif~~~~l
3. f.rl"1f~ ~ ~
3lfuq; if
'1"
<ftRw,, ;;IT 400 ~l<iif it
m : 30x2=60
m- ~it om am: it~~ rn'ltl'*' 'R

1:(Cf> wm- ~ 7 GlriT d q 11111 <liT W'RT ~ am
(ct>)
om am: it ~ ~~r ~ ~ Cf>T 31 1<'1Joq'11t+lifi

'i~~l
("f) d!'lm'i" ~ 'lii:SGloc: if> H<~ifi (filter) ffl41"ft Cf>T
'fUf.1 ~ I ~ ~ ffiOG:I"ft %?f 3f11"llfu 'lTliT
l"fi.IT 7 ~ifiMifi ;:;q1111i. <R ~ ~ 1
4. ~~ ~ ~ <ftRw., ;;IT 250 ~l<iif it
m : 20x3=60
(ct>) ~'{'ili~l am~ <liT 'm'Rdl g 1#><1'11 '!<IT~ ?
'ffi'Rdl 91#><1'11' <fi't f<rliiTI": qGI'lJl if Sliflrq;
w.mr #: ~ 3fTCf>R ~ m~ Cf>T ~
3!fuq; if '1"
<fSF;
~I
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(b) Evaluate 'duplicity theory' of vision. Cite

experimental evidences in support of this
theory.
(c) Examine the impact of cultural factors on

socialization process among children.
Section 'B'
!50 words: 12x5=60
(a) Discuss various dimensions of thought
processes in relation to concept.
(b) Is facial expression of emotion innate or
acquired ? Support your answer with suitable
evidence.
(c) Discuss the modifications of Chomsky's
'transformational generative grammar'.
(d) Compare LISREL programme with that of
SPSS in the analysis of multivariate data.
(c) Evaluate various factors which influence
intrinsic motivation.
F-DTN-M-Q1ZA 6 (Contd.)
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(lif) ~it
~
'M!r fu-.rRr' lfiT lf~ ~I W
it ~ if '1Tlllflrq; ~ lfiT ~
~I
('f) ~if l;liH>ii'h(Oi 9Sf;lf 'R <;Jj~fflq; ~it
~
<ii't 'l"fu:rr ~ I
. ' n 1!f
s. f.l...,f.ifi:-1a 1t ~ ~. ;;IT 9('itq; 1so ~l""OG1 ~
3lfucn if <r ~ : 12x5=60
(q;) Ml(ii!l 1t ~if~ mit f~ ammiT
q;r~~l
( lif) ~ <iiT "!<'ll'fRi'h ~ "'""' "'id ~ m

3!f;fu ? 3f'f.t ~ "'hl ~ m~ ~ ~ ~ 1
('f) ~ 1t \'i1'1i"d(Oj ~ 04i'h(Oi'1t ~ lfiT
~~I
(tr) ~ 9<fflt 1t fu~ if ~ am~ am: ~ ~
9'rnn1 <iiT ~ ~ G't ~ ~ 1t mll ~ 1
(s-) 3ti"df<q; ~ q;l gmffir ~ <m't f<!Mr
~ lfiT lf_<'<liq;'1 ~I
F-DTN-M-Q1ZA 7 (Contd.)
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250 words. 20x3=60
(a) Compare multi-factor' theory of intelligence
with that of theory of 'multiple intelligences'.
(b) Enumerate different stages of sleep. Discuss
the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive

performance.
(c) Enumerate various methods of problem
solving. Critically evaluate their advantages
and limitations also.
400 words. 30x2=60
(a) What is the essence of a projective technique ?
Critically evaluate perceptive, apperceptive
and productive projective tests in the
measurement of personality.
(b) Discuss A-B-C components of attitude.
Describe the procedure of development of a
tool for measurement of attitude.
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6. f~~ if; ~ ~. ;;iT 9(itq; 250 ~wi't' ~

~iT rr ~ : 20x3=60
(or.) ~ if; 'GIS-~' fB41"<"1 <liT "'T ~
~ if; m.;l'f1 ~ ~ 1
("f) f.'P.T
<ft ~ ~ <ft "WrURl ~ I

fi 'li I '11<1l'li f.jisq I <.; ~ 'R f.'P.T ffi if; 9'm'iT 'liT
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250 words. 20x3=60
(a) What is meant by effective communication ?
Evaluate various sources of effective communication.
(b) Critically evaluate the relationship between
intelligence and creativity. Cite experimental
evidences in support of your answer.
(c) How would you measure emotion of an
individual ? Discuss the effect of emotion on
behaviour.
F-DTN-M-QTZA 10
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s. AiimR~a ~ '3w. ~. :it ~ 2so ~TilU it

3l'fuq; if '1" ~ : 20x3=60
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F-DTN-M-Q1ZA II
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I F-DTN-M-QTZA I
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Note : English version of the lnstmctions is primed on
tile front cover of this question papa

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v.
F-DTN-M-QMHB
PSYCHOLOGY
Paper-11
I Time Allowed Three Hours I I Maximum Marks 300 I

INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English.
Answers must be written in the medium specified in the
Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated
clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space
provided for the purpose. No marks will be given for the
answers written in a medium other than that specified in
the Admission Certificate.
Candidates should attempt Question Nos. 1 and 5, which
are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions
selecting at least one question from each Section.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated
at the end of the question.
Wherever any assumptions are made for answering a
question, these must be indicated clearly.
Important Note : Whenever a question is being attempted,
all its parts/ sub-parts must be attempted contiguously. This
means that before moving on to the next question to be
attempted, candidates must finish attempting all parts/
sub-parts of the previous question attempted. This is to be
strictly followed.
Pages left blank in the answer-book are to be clearly struck
out in ink. Any answers that follow pages left blank may not
be giuen credit.
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Section-A
1. Answer the following in about 150 words
each : 12x5~60
(a) What do you understand by 'personality
disorders? Distinguish between
schizoid personality disorder and
schizophrenia.
(b) Comment on the present practices
related to educational guidance and
counseling programs in Indian schools
and colleges. Highlight the problems in
implementing and strengthening these
programs in Indian context.
(c) Critically evaluate the strengths and
limitations of psychodynamic therapies
in the treatment of mental disorders.
(d) Discuss how the major role of
rehabilitation psychologists is primarily
as a 'facilitator of adjustive behavior'
rather than as a 'symptom eradicator'.
(e) Discuss the merits of the role of small
groups in social actions and community
handling of social problems.
2. (a) Explain the characteristics of standardized

psychological tests. Discuss the
major steps in developing self-report
personality inventory. Illustrate your
answer with a suitable example. 30
F-DTN-M-QMHB/18 2
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1. f'1"1f<iifbo ~ 3m ~. :oD ;;rritq; WT"fll ISO ~
ii ir
: 12x5~60
(<!i) ~ ~ <'\ :mq 'f"'T ~ ~7 ~

~ fqq;p: 31'\1: A-1lf'<~C1dl ( ~A,i'lil>f.1'll) ~ <fF.r
fo!ifo;r~l
(<0) 'lffi(j ~ ~ 31'\1: ~ ii
-:ilf"if'!> f.!fur 1('i
Nill>R ~ <'\ ~'f.Td ~ ffinii '!1:

Rulufl ~ 1 'lffi(! ili ~ ii ~ i.hl>hne'i ili
'hl'lYO'l'l 1('i ll'f<'R ii
m311 'lit ~ ~ 1
(TT) A-1lH'h1\i i\i ~ if A-1i1Ri'h f<lf'hc\1131'\ ;f;'\

a11idl3il 31'\1: 1lfufn:n31'1 "'iT \1AI<:1i"l'llcA'h ~
~I
(>:!) ~ ~ fi:f; ~""I'M A<11fqjjiR41 ;f;'\1llf3
=B
ili ~
ii if.! ili ~ 'Bel~1"''1 ~ ili "!'fi\'hi\Y ili
~ fi:f;(1
]l'lT'I(L '<1l\1UT
~iiir<ftil
(so) mrrrfm> fshm31l -i! 31'\1: Blelf"''h m311 ili

B I 'i~ I P" 'h f.'rm;j if W! ~ ;f;'\ ~ iJi
"TJT'!rrD '!1: ,n ~ I
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~~ 31Tfi!-fJ,q'li ~-~ 'lit mfuo 'fi-1
ii 1l1f3 .,-;:ui\ '!1: ,n ~ I ~ =o<"T ~ &ro
~3m'lil~~~l 30
F-DTN-M-QMHB/18 3 I P.T.O.
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(b) Discuss different learning disabilities
and their educational and psychological

consequences. Suggest relevant
remedial measures in this context. 30
each : 2Qx3=60
(a) Explain the assumptions underly~ng
cognitive therapy. Critically comment on
its utility in the treatment of mental
disorders.
(b) Identity the physical and psychosocial
consequences of being a victim of
violence. Explain the nature of
counseling and rehabilitation services
a psychologist can render to the victims
of violence.
(c) Define the notion of environmental
pollution. How would you explain the
impact of scientific and technological
innovation on environmental degradation
from a psychological perspective?
4. Answer the following in about 250 .words
each : 20x3=60
(a) Define 'learned helplessness'. How can
this concept be used to explain
depressive disorders?
(b) Explain the models of sensitivity
training. Relate them to organizational
development.
F-DTN-M-QMHB/18 4
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(a) fuf'l'! 'llfwm Jffiffi(IT31'\ 3fT\ "3'li\; ~ l.l;'i
q{I~~IR'h ~ 'R ~~I ., ~
il
3. R"1f'<:1f@(l if; 3m ~. ;;i't ~ WTWT 250 ~

30
ii it :
2Qx3~60
("'h) fi~HirA'h f'<1f'hi"fll ~

Bn! ~I A-<'if<l'hld if;~
cft (!(: i\ 'llf~ it
i\ ~ Jq'1ifi'ldl
'R l.1A I<:Jli'H IrA 'I> <"'! B ~ 'li~ I
fum 'liT fu'liTl. tiR if; 'ITTM'Ii 3fT\ lR : \"II q I M"'

~ cft 'WIR ~I fum ifi fu'liTl. it Rt.<ft
""'R<~1oft IDD m "'T ~ 'ITffl 'N'i\'1'! l.l;'i
( l'1 )
:F f'm'R "i\'!Tm ctt ~ ~ 1

(TJ) ~ ~ cft '-lR'JTT cft '1ft'1T'!T ~I ~
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~ >f'liTl.
q;'lj\7
4. R"1fi1fisd if; TrR ~. ;;i't ~ WTWT 250 ~
i\ it : 2Qx3~60
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~ it Bn! 'fil i\ ., fi'hi''FH 'liT ~ >f'liTl.
~ ~ "'T B'hi!T i?
(a) fi~""~liC1(11 Jrfu~ if; ~ it

n'h1 fi>l6'11rA'h fu'lirn
~1
ifi BT>l ~t! .I
F-DTN-M-QMHB/18 5 I P.T.O.
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(c) Explain Vroom's expectancy theory of
work motivation and link this theory
with variable-pay programs.

Section-B
each : 12x5~60
(a} Can achievement motivation be
included as a base of training for
economic growth and development of a
country? Discuss the contribution of
McClelland and his team in this context.
(b) Justify with examples how the insights
derived from studies on 'intergroup
contact hypothesis' would be useful in
promoting harmonious relations among
different castes and in maintaining
social order.
(c) What are the causes of domestic
violence? How is 'belief in a just world'
used to rationalize this violence?
(d) Explain the concept of 'teamcohesiveness'
in the context of sports.
How can teamwork be tmproved
through the application of sports
psychology?
(e) Discuss the components of gendersensitivity
training. Indicate its
importance in the context of
management of workforce diversity.
F-DTN-M-QMHB/18 6
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( lj ) q.;j<f ;,TI~ it 1!:1 it l!<'mTT fir.&RI cf.t <'ll!
~ 3fu ~
Bl'll~l
fir.&RI cf.t ~-i\<R 'hl<fS!>ql it
s. f.11=1Roifi<JR if; ~ ~. oit ~ ('f!T'llJ 150 ~

il i\ : 12x5=60
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it '<'h 3Tim\ it ~ il 'l'l1 ~'!

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~I ~ fufutlnr it 1!'!"''!'1 it ~ il ~
~~.1
F-DTN-M-QMHB/18 7 [ PT.O.
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6. (a} What are the psychosocial components

of advertising and marketing? Identify
and discuss the relevant ethical
considerations.
(b) Explain the consequences of short-term
and long-term exposure to noise. How
does noise affect our social behavior?
Cite the impact of crowding in this
context.
7. Answer the following m about 250 words
30
30
each : 20x3~60
(a} Explain the psychosocial consequences
of being a part of socially disadvantaged
groups especially with reference to
self-concept, identity, motivation and
achievement. Give examples from
Indian context.
(b) Distinguish between prejudice and
discrimination. Explain the variables
moderating the manifestation of
prejudice into overt behavior.
(c) What is glass-ceiling effect? Explain
the causal factors underlying it. What
remedial steps can be taken by the
employing organizations to minimize
the glass-ceiling effect?
each : 20x3~60
(a} Discuss critically the utility of IT and
mass media in the context of distance
learning. Throw light on the strengths
and limitations of distance learning.
F-DTN-M-QMHB/ 18 8
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6. (<li) ~ ~ fuquj-;j if; <mT- <mT rf.!o 10 I A I f"f'h 'Rih
%? WR~ ~ W"'-mm <lit ~ ~ ~

T-1 'l': ~~I 30
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"1'1\i~eH (~)if; Jl'll'l 'liT~ ~I 30
7. f.1<=1fc;!l'il<1 "' "3n( ~.
m ~ WT'I'T 2so ~
it ti\ : 20x3=60
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~~
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mwm if; ~ ii, :;mo ilo ~ <:il4"1f'1'h

rf\fu!n <ft 3q41fi1<1 I 'l': lOA 1(1-lil'llcA'h <ilJ iJ ~
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ll'!iT-IT ~ I
F-DTN-M-QMHB/18 9 I P.TO.
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(b) Explain the psychosocial factors and
myths that demotivate people from

following small family norms. Suggest
relevant motivational strategies in this
context.
(c) What is man-machine system in the
context of human engineering?
Highlight the applications of human
engineering in defence with reference to
equipment design.
F-DTN-M-QMHB/18 10
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(1:9) i!j\ tR \11~1f"''h ~ ""' ~ "it ~ ~.
m cWi\ "it Wl 'litm ~
q;j ~
q;8
i\ fu- 31fl1ilftl 'fifrt %I ~ ~ i\, Wrn

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%? ~ ~ it ~ it m>~. (1\11 i\
~"'IR~i'l it~ "it~~~
***
F-DTN-M-QMHB/18 11 JS3-2200
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F-DTN-M-QMHB
;rri/q; w-1 ~ Jik :R#/ ir.if if fro ~I
rr.Rf ~ JTI< :WI=<'[ il fi'f& "ff.t ~ ~ 3Wit; wm-rn
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w-~ ti"&n 1 Jik s J1f.!qp;f g 1 'fT'iit rr.Rf il it ;rri/q; ~ it em -it-em
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Note : English version of the Instructions is printed
on the front cover of this question paper.

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Section-A Answer the following, each in not more than 100 words: 10 6 =
60 Describe the key assumptions on which psychology claims to be a science.
Suggest a plan of an experimental study to evaluate the effect of
compensatory education on academic achievement of school-going students
from low income group. On what grounds are STM and LTM distinguished?
How the principles of encoding help enhancing the use of mnemonic devices?
Distinguish between negative reinforcement and punishment. Indicate the
limitations of punishment in the context of learning. What do illusions tell
about the nature of perception? Answer the following questions What is social
constructionism? How does it challenge the mainstream psychology? 20
Discuss the consequences of learned helplessness as demonstrated in classic
experiment on dogs. Find out its parallels in real life. 20 How does the brain
mediate between the genotype and the phenotype for psychological
characteristics? 10 Contrast bottom-up and top-down theories of perception.
10 Answer the following questions How does signal-detection theory envisage
the decision process? In what other areas of psychology can it be applied? 30
How does level of processing model differ from multistore and working
memory models? Explain. 30 Answer the following questions Critically
evaluate the role of parenting style, peer group and media in identity
formation during adolescence. 30 Examine the concerns for control,
measurement and artifacts, and also indicate the threats they pose to the
development of scientific psychology. 30 Section B Answer the following, each
in not more than 100 words: 10 6 = 60 Differentiate between inductive and
deductive reasoning, and give reasons for the preference of scientist towards
inductive reasoning. How does arousal theory explain human motivation?
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? Explain
with the help of examples. How is the information we hold about ourselves
organized and interpreted? Compare the model of fluid and crystallized
intelligence with the two factor theory of Spearman. What are the functions of
emotions? Answer the following questions What are the criteria to identify
creativity? How can a teacher promote creativity in the classroom setting? 30
Describe and evaluate the model of intelligence proposed by J. P. Das. 30
Answer the following questions How does language differ from other forms of
communication? Referring to relevant studies, document children's progress
from non verbal communication to the use of language. 30 Compare the
Indian and western constructions of Self with reference to cross-cultural
studies and bring out their implication for well-being. 30 Answer the following
questions Elaborate upon the salient developments in consciousness studies
and indicate the effect of meditation on psychological functions. 30 Describe
different psychological measures of values and outline a programme for
fostering values. Among school-going children. 30
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Section-A Answer the following questions, Each answer must not exceed 200
words: 20 3 = 60 Discuss the process of selection of gifted children on the
basis of psychological tests. Make recommendations for their proper
schooling. Critically evaluate internal consistency and stability coefficients as
indices of reliability. Explain delusional disorders and highlight their
distinguishing features. Answer the following questions Discuss the various
aspects subjective well-being as propounded by positive psychology
movement. 30 Critically evaluate the effectiveness of Beck's cognitive
behaviour therapy in treatment of different types of depressions. 30 Answer
the following questions Explain paranoid and schizoid personality disorders.
30 Compare procedural and distributive justice, and present their effect on
employees motivation. 30 Answer the following questions Explain person-
centred therapy and state its limitation with suitable examples. 30

Differentiate between-managerial effectiveness. And efficiency, and discuss
the factors influencing them. 30 Section B Answer the following question.
Each answer should not exceed 200 words. 20 3 = 60 Provide comparison
between transformational and transactional leadership for their relevance to
Indian organizations. Discuss the efficacy of biofeedback therapy in the.
Management of mental health. Bring out the need of value education in
personality development of students during schooling. Answer the following
questions What are the techniques and devices used in improving memory to
ensure better academic achievements? Discuss. 30 Clarify the relationship
between stereotypes and prejudices, and examine their impact on social
integration. 30 Answer the following questions Detail out the relationship
between information technology, mass media and their psychological
consequences with suitable examples. 30 Can deprivation be a source of
motivation? Discuss the psychological measures relevant to deal with the
negative consequences of prolonged deprivation. 30 Answer the following
questions Examine the role of mental-plus-muscle practices in training of
athletes. 30 Discuss the challenges of managing gender biases in Indian
society. 30
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Copyright www.www.examrace.comSection-A

100 words :
(a) Under what conditions would a
researcher prefer to use focused group
discussion over interviewing?
(b) In what ways does
an experimental
design differ from a quasi-experimental

10
design? 10
(c) What is REM sleep and how is it related
to dreaming?
(d) How would you process information for
10
maintaining it for long-term usage? 10
(e) What are the stages of cognitive
development according to Piaget? 10
(f) What is sensory adaptation? Explain
with examples.2. (a) Discuss the role of monocular and

binocular cues in depth perception. 20
(b) You are the head of an office in which
employees habitually come late and
leave early. Suggest a behaviour
modification plan for such employees. 20
(c) Briefly suggest how well-being of the
elderly can be pronwted.
(d) Comment on the impact of immediate
10
and delayed reinforcement on leaming. 10
3. (a) What are the problems a researcher
is likely to face in making causal
inferences if the researcher were to
use a single-group pre-test-post-test
design? 30
(b) How can biological aging be modified
with the help of environmental factors? 30
4. {a) How do task similarity and modality
influence dual-task performance?
{b) Discuss the levels of processing
framework of memory and the relevant
supporting research evidence.
C-DTN-K-QTA/48 4
30
30Section-B
100 words :
6.
(a) Discuss the constituents of emotional
intelligence. 10
(b) Discuss the stages of psychosexual
development according to Freud.
(c) Distinguish between IQ and deviation
10
IQ. 10
(d) Explain anterograde amnesia with
special reference to the classical case
of HM. 10
(e) Discuss the role of heuristics 1n
reasoning.
(f) What is likely to happen if a person is
asked to behave in a manner contrary to
the attitude the person holds? Explain
on the basis of a theory.
(a) What are
factors?
the 'big
Critically
conceptual basis.
five' personality
examine their
(b) Khap Panchayats have been in the news
lO
10
30
I
recently because of their opposition to I

same-'gotra' marriages. What psychological
constructs would explain their
behaviour?7.
8.
{a) Discuss
different
the concept of N Ach and
methods which have been
used to measure it.
{b) Compare Chomsky's innate mechanism
view with Skinner's view of language
30
development. 30
(a) Critically assess Gardner's theory of
multiple intelligence. 30
(b) Discuss the role of cognition in
experiencing emotion in the light of
experimental studiesPaper IISection 'A'
1. Answer any three of the following.
should not exceed 200 words) :

(Each answer
20x3=60
(a) Discuss the application of psychological tests
in the selection of creative students. Elucidate
their limitations.
(b) In which way, the "eastern traditional wisdom
has contributed to dealing with psychological
illnesses?
(c) Evaluate the applications of equity theory and
Porter-Lawler's theory in" modem organizations.
(d) Discuss the
rehabilitation
role of social agencies
of HIV I AIDS victims:
lJ1
2. (a) Enumerate the different types of phobias

encountered in clinical practice. Explain the
application of behaviour therapy in handling
these phobic disorders. 30
(b) Explain the role of case study in understanding
the learning . disabilities in school children.
Prepare a proforma for the case study of a
dyslexic child. 30
3. (a) Discuss critically the relevance of community
psychology in lndia for the eradication of
superstitions. 30
(b) Discuss the challenges encountered by the
guidance and counselling movement in India.4. 'In diagnosis.
treatment. and prognosts. it is more
important to know which person has the disease
rather than the disease he has'. Express your
agreement or otherwise with the statement with
justifications and discuss its implications for
Psychotherapy. , 60
Section 'B'
5. Answer any three of the following. (Each answer

should not exceed 200 words) : 20x3=60
(a) Analyse the motivational deficits m the
disadvantaged and the deprived . groups.
Suggest remedial measures for overcoming
these deficits.
(b) Is gender difference dichotomous or does it
constitute a continuum ? Explain in the light of
. research on masculinity-feminity.
(c) How can psychologists help sports persons in
enhancing their performance on the field ?
(d) Comment on the effectiveness of training
programs for developing entrepreneurship and
achievement motivation.
6. (a) What 1s 'Intergroup-contact' hypothesis ?
Discuss its implications and limitations m
reducing prejudices. 30
(b) Critically exar;une distance education m
the light of mass media and .information
technology. Comment on the role of
psychologists in this regard.7. (a) Discuss the psychological
consequences of
recent developments in Information Technology
with special reference to cognitive and
social development. 30
(b) 'Terrorism begins m the minds of young
people and .it IS m their mind that lasting
solutions to the problem IS to be sought'.
Comment on this statement and suggest the
remedial measures. 30
8. (a) 'f>rejudice is a consequence of socialisation
and learning'. Discuss this statement and
suggest measures to reduce prejudices m the
Indian context. 30
(b) State the salient featt,res of the Man-
Environment relationship. Discuss their

implica. tions for architects m designing builtenvironment.7. (a)
Discuss the psychological consequences of
recent developments in Information Technology
with special reference to cognitive and
social development. 30
(b) 'Terrorism begins m the minds of young
people and .it IS m their mind that lasting
solutions to the problem IS to be sought'.
Comment on this statement and suggest the
remedial measures. 30
8. (a) 'f>rejudice is a consequence of socialisation
and learning'. Discuss this statement and
suggest measures to reduce prejudices m the
Indian context. 30
(b) State the salient featt,res of the ManEnvironment relationship. Discuss their
implica. tions for architects m designing builtenvironment.
Paper-I Section A Answer any THREE of the following in not
more than 200 words each: 20 3 = 60 Perception of size is
explained from visual angle perspective. Evaluate its adequate. The
History of psychology show mind-body approach as one of the
popular ways of explaining behaviour. Discuss how this is being
revisited in modern psychology. With suitable examples
distinguish between exploratory type and confirmatory type factor
analysis. How do you examine the significance level of factors
loadings? Distinguish the application of signal detection theory In
the selection process of defense personal. How do you get and
interpret ROC Curve. Answer the following Distinguish between
intelligence and aptitude tests. Lists commonly measured
aptitudes and their tests. 30 Prepare an experimental design

following Sperling's technique to study iconic memory. What does
the experiment prove? 30 What is psychological well being?
Discuss various methods in promoting psychological well being
across major stages of the life span. 60 Discuss various
characteristics of probability learning. Prepare an experimental
design of probability learning following Bernoulli Sequence
When is the behaviour of the subject labeled as gambler's fallacy
60 Section B Answer any THREE of the following in not more
than 200 words each: 20 3 = 60 Comment on Chomsky's theory
of transformational Generative grammar and discuss its later
modifications. Discuss the use (s) of SPSS programme in
psychological testing. What is non directive thinking? Discuss
different dimensions of thoughts processes in relation to concept
and creativity? How is emotional competence assessed? Discuss
the efforts of emotion on behaviour. Cite experimental evidence.
What are the different stages of sleep? How are these stages
assessed experimentally? Citing relevant research studies discuss
the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive, affective and
behavioral dimensions. 60 Critically evaluate the relative merits
and demerits of psychometric measures of personality and
intelligence. 60 Discuss nature, formation and measurement of
attitude. Can attitude be changed? Substantiate your answer citing
research finding. 60 Paper II Section A Answer any THREE of the
following in not more than 200 words each: 20 3 = 60 You have
been asked to establish convergent and discriminant validity of the
Civil Service (Preliminary) Test. How would you do it? Compare
gender differences in prevalence of substance abuse in India.
Comment on the role of cognitive factors in the experience of
stress. What psychological priciples can be used to improve the
effectiveness of poverty eradication programmes? Answer the

following: What are the methodological differences between a
constructed and a standardized psychological test? 20 Comment
on the limits of psychotherapeutic methods. 20 What are the merits
of sensitivity training groups as a training progarmme in
organizations? 20 Answer the following: Should children with
learning disabilities be taught in mainstream schools? Critically
examine. 30 What, in your view, are the psychological problems
that physically challenge people are more prone to? 30 Discuss the
psychological significance of group decision How can this be
applied in fostering mental health in a Community? 60 Section B
Answer any THREE of the following in not more than 200 words
each: 20 3 = 60 What are the psychological consequence of
crowding? What psychological processes are associated with a self
fulfilling prophecy? As a Psychologist, How would you design a
Traning progamme for the defence personal for Operating in low
intensity conflicts areas? what psychological principles can be used
to protect our environment? Answer the following: Discuss the
psychological consequences of prolonged as well as relative
deprivation. 30 Evaluate the contribution of psychology in dealing
with the issue of gender discrimination. 30 What psychological
explanation would you offer for India's failure in reducing its
growth rate significantly? 60 What processes create out groups? To
What extent can developing super ordinate goals and norms
promote inter-group cooperation and reduce conflicts between
groups? 60
Read more at: http://www.examrace.com/IAS/IAS-MainsPapers/Psychology/IAS-Mains-Psychology-2009.html
AS Mains Psychology 2008 Paper I Section A Write Short Notes
on any Three of the following (Each one should not exceed 200
words) (20 3 = 60) Poverty and level of economic achievement
as a social problem can only be explained from the psychological
perspective Comment with relevant research studies. Bring out the
differences in the concepts of growth, maturation and development
in human behaviour. Use suitable example in your answers. The
level at which an information is processed has a bearing on recall
of that particular information. Discuss in the light of experimental
studies. Grounded theory takes a case rather than variable
perspective. Elaborate this statement. Explain Bandura's theory
using a suitable social learning task. Extend research support to
your answer (60). Can Item Response theory be called a latent
trade theory? Describe the mathematical functions that are used in
this theory and explain the various models related to the theory
(60). Using the procedure of programmed learning, how would you
conduct anger-reduction training for a group of individuals who
have been assessed high on anger? The training procedure needs to
be as per the instructional design model (60). Section B Write short
notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20
3 = 60) What is the meant by echoic memory How long does this
memory last? Discuss with experimental evidence. Describe the
PASS model of intelligence and show the grounds on which it has
challenged the g theory. Describe pattern of attribution that are
used by persons in supporting their interaction. Artificial
Intelligence and cognitive psychology have a symbolic
relationship. Elaborate this statement. Give a comparative account
of Self as conceived by Adler and Rogers (60). Describe the
phase of language acquisition and show how critical period
hypothesis explains the process of language acquisition (60).

Representational knowledge can be investigating neurocognitively
through the studies of amnesia Elaborate this statement (60). Paper
II Section A Write Short Notes on any Three of the following
(Each one should not exceed 200 words) (20 3 = 60) Enumerate
the methods of assessing validity of a personality inventory and
highlight their significance. Distinguish alcoholism from social
drinking and discuss the factors contributing to alcoholism.
Critically evaluate the research finding relating to the influence of
media on aggression and violence. Discuss the salient features of
behaviour therapy. Comment on its applicability to the Indian
Community. Describe the various techniques used in improving
memory. Discuss their merits and demerits for teaching students in
undergraduate courses (60). Explain the nature and advantages of
client centered therapy. Critically evaluate its utility in treating
various psychological problems (60). Discuss the psychological
and cognitive problems of AIDS patients. Explain the facilities
essential for their rehabilitation (60). Section B Write Short Notes
on any Three of the following (Each one should not exceed 200
words): (20 3 = 60) Describe various psychological factors
contributing to violence. Suggest strategies to be used for
rehabilitation of the victims. Discuss the psychological effects of
noise pollution. Support your answer with recent research finding.
Discuss various rights of consumers. Critically evaluate the effect
of consumer awareness on consumer behaviour. How can media
contribute to prosocial behaviour by applying principle of
psychology. Discuss the role of information technology in the
process of formal education. Critically evaluate its effectiveness
for motivating a learner (60). Discuss and critically evaluate the
contribution of military psychology in defence (60). Discuss the
contribution of David McCleland in the field of motivation.

Discuss the salient feature of conducive environment for
enhancement of achievement motivation (60).
IAS Mains Psychology 2007 Paper I Section A Answer any three
of the following in not more than 200 words each: How do
psychologists use case study and survey to describe behaviour?
Indicate their advantages and disadvantages. What is the impact of
multiculturalism and globalisation on psychological studies?
Discuss the question with the help of salient contemporary trends
in psychology. Discuss the role of repression and interference in
forgetting. What are the theoretical and practical implications of
research on signal detection and vigilance? Discuss in the light of
experimental studies. Define the scales used in psychological
measurement and distinguish between parametric and
nonparametric statistics. Illustrate the relative significance of these
statistics by citing relevant research problems. Critically evaluate
the efficacy of multi store and multi componential models of
memory in the light of relevant experimental evidence. What do
you mean by S-R and S-S conditioning? Discuss the question with
the help of relevant experimental evidences. Section B Answer any
three of the following in not more than 200 words each: How do
concepts help problem solving? Discuss the factors which
influence concept formation. Distinguish between aptitude and
interest and describe methods of their measurement. What are the
key assumptions of projective tests? Indicate the problems

encountered in determining their reliability and validity. In view of
increasing computer-human interface discuss its impact on human
behaviour. Do attitudes influence behaviour? If yes, when and
how? Give your answer in the light of relevant research studies.
What is effective communication? Discuss the role of message and
communicator variables in ensuring effective persuasive
communication. The scientific theories of traits have an intuitive
appeal because their basic unit of analysis, personality traits, are
very similar to simple nonscientific folk understandings of
personality. Critically evaluate this statement in the light of
theoretical developments in the trait approach of personality. Paper
II Section A Write short notes on any 3 of the following (each note
should not exceed 200 words): Role of community psychologist in
social change. Career counseling in the current scenario
Assumptions underlying client-centered therapy and their
evaluation Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims Explain the
characteristics and types of standardized psychological tests.
Critically comment on their utility and limitations. What are
substance abuse disorders? Explain etiological factors underlying
them. Indicate the strategies for rehabilitation of persons suffering
from substance abuse disorders. Evaluate the applications of any
two theories of Work Motivation in modern organizations. State
the importance of Participatory Management in Indian Industry.
Section B Write short notes on any 3 of the following (each note
should not exceed 200 words): Educating and motivating the
disadvantaged groups towards development Psychological
strategies for handling prejudice Fostering values through mass
media and information technology Applications of psychology in
combating terrorism Explain the characteristics of entrepreneurial
behaviour. How can people be motivated and trained for

entrepreneurship and economic development? Comment on the
utility of such programmes. Explain the psychological
consequences of population explosion and high population density.
How can we motivate people towards small family norms? Explain
the role of Military Psychologist in Defence. Discuss the
importance of Human Engineering in Defence.
of the following in not more than 200 words each: State the basic
differences between a field experiment and a laboratory
experiment especially with regard to the external-internal validity
of the findings. Explain the concept of perceptual organization.
What are the processes which influence it? Support your answer
with theoretical constructs. Show how self-efficacy and outcome
judgments influence the process of social learning. Answer with
relevant experimental studies Critically examine the notion of lifespan development. Determine the impact of cultural factors on
child rearing practices. Is there a conceptual continuity between
sensation and perception? Explain the role of contextual
constraints in the inferential nature of the psychological construct
of perception. Describe experimental designs as the strategy to
control variance. Present a classification of experimental designs
and specify problems associated with matched group designs. How
far is it correct to state that working memory presents the most
complete description of a multicomponent nature of the Short-term

memory? Describe the components of working memory with
suitable examples. Section B Answer any three of the following in
not more than 200 words each: Show how and to what extent
emotional intelligence is an amalgamation of emotional
orientation, regulation and control. Present an account of the
attributes of the creative thinking and explain the factors tat
impede creativity. Examine the notion of meditation. What are its
cognitive implications? Explain. Critically evaluate the
psychosocial theory of personality development. Present a critical
appraisal of the cognitive evaluation theory of intrinsic motivation
and describe those studies that bring out that achievement
responsibility, interest and competence are independent of extrinsic
motivators. The mand and the tact functions'of language
development proposed by Skinner are not powerful enough to
explain why particular utterances are produced at particular times.
Discuss in the context of Chomsky s rebuttal of Skinnerian theory
of language development. Also explain Chomsky's theory of
language development. Trace the common linkages between
interests and values. Describe the factor analytical studies of the
structure of interests and values. Also delineate upon those
strategies that ought to be adopted for fostering values in the
Indian socio-cultural milieu. Paper II Section A Write short notes
on any 3 of the following (each note should not exceed 200
words): Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse.
Role of Community Psychology in social change. Training for
improving memory and better academic achievement. Advertising
and marketing. What do you mean by personnel selection and
training? Explain the uses and importance of psychological tests in
the industry. What are the important psychological principles
responsible for effective teaching and learning processes? Discuss

in detail as to how Gifted and Retarded can be trained. Describe
the concept of Community Psychology. Explain some of the
important factors responsible for arousing community
consciousness and action plan in handling social problems. Section
B Write short notes on any 3 of the following (each note should not
exceed 200 words): Role of military psychologists in defence.
Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation
of environment. Identify the effective measures for motivating and
training people for entrepreneurship and economic development.
Psychological consequences of population explosion and density.
What do you mean by psychology of terrorism? Explain some of
the important strategies to deal with terrorism and insurgency.
Describe the role of psychologists in the present scenario of
information technology and mass media boom. Suggest some of
the important techniques in making IT more popular in rural areas.
Are the concepts of disadvantage, deprivation and social
deprivation synonymous? Suggest some important strategies for
educating and motivating disadvantaged towards development.
IAS Mains Psychology 2005 Paper I Time Allowed: Three Hours
Maximum Marks: 300 Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and
5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining
questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section.
Section A Answer any three of the following in not more than 200
words each: 20 3 = 60 Discuss the factors that jeopardize

experimenter's power of scientifically evaluating the effect of
independent variable in carrying out any research. Amongst the
two statistical techniques ANOV A and regression, which statistical
method is superior? Discuss the advantages of regression statistical
technique. What is attention? Discuss factors influencing attention.
Citing relevant research study, discuss the significance of modeling
in social learning. Explain in detail the role of Bottom-up and Topdown process in recognition with the help of suitable examples. 60
What is perception? Discuss biological factors in perception. 60
Differentiate between applied and fundamental research. Discuss
major steps in psychological researches. 60 Section B Answer any
three of the following in not more-than 200 words each: 20 3 =
60 What is personality? Discuss Freudian approach to personality.
Discuss properties and structure of human language. Citing
relevant example, describe extra-sensory perception. Discuss
different methods for measuring intelligence. Explaining the nature
of problem solving, discuss its strategies with the help of suitable
examples. 60 Citing experimental studies, discuss cognitivedissonance theory of attitude change. 60 How are instinct, drive
and arousal theories of motivation different from incentive theory?
Describe incentive theory of motivation giving at least three
relevant examples. 60 Paper--II-- 2005 Time Allowed: Three Hours
5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining
questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section. All
questions carry equal marks. Section A Write short notes on any
three of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 20
3 = 60 Personality Disorder. Symptoms and etiology of
schizophrenia Psychodynamic therapies Career counselling
Discuss the different types of psychological tests. Describe ethical

issues involved in the use of psychological tests. 60 Highlight the
role of psychologists in rehabilitation of physically, mentally and
socially challenged persons. 60 What do you mean by positive
health? Suggest some of the important factors responsible for
positive health, well being, life style and quality of life. 60 Section
B Write short notes on any three of the following (each note should
not exceed 200 words): 20 3 = 60 Psychological strategies in
handling the conflicts and prejudices. Factors responsible for
improving performance of sports personnel Importance of
Environmental Psychology Human Engineering in Defence
Describe the concept of social integration. What are the major
problems of social integration? Explain in detail the measures to
achieve social integration. 60 What do you mean by women
entrepreneurs? What are the important characteristics of an
entrepreneurial behaviour? 60 What psychological disorders take
place due to war? Discuss the importance of Counseling in dealing
wit War victims. 60
Maximum Marks: 300 Candidates should attempt Questions I and
5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining questions
selecting at least one question from each Section. Section A
Answer any three of the following (in not more than 200 words
each) 20 3 = 60 Give an evaluative account of the behaviouristic,
psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives of psychology. Why

should psychology be called a science? Justify your answer with
the support of the methodology it adopts to study behaviour. How
could the knowledge of psychology be usedin developing a
national character? Answer with appropriate examples. Explain the
usefulness of interview as a methodof data collection. State the
precautions that you would take for its effective use. Discuss in
detail the critical periods in human development. Give the
suggestions to handle these critical periods effectively in Indian
settings. 60 How is attention different from perception? Describe
the role of various factors that influence attention. 60 Explain the
nature of operant conditioning Evaluate its various uses in
shaping human behaviour. 60 Section B Answer any three of the
following in not more than 200 words each: 20 3 = 60 What are
the determinants of intelligence? Support your answer with
research and observational evidences. Explain the use of
computers in psychologicalexperiments and tests. Illustrate with
examples. State the trait and type approaches to personality. Is
there a reconciliation in the two in Eysenckian approach? Explain
the role of language in communication. Give a brief theoretical
account of language development. Discuss the significance of
attitudes, interests and values in human life. Explain the usefulness
of different procedures of attitude measurement. 60 State the
various psychological explanations of human motivation. Explain
in detail the cognitive approach to motivation and emotion. 60
Discuss the nature of problems and problem solving. Illustrate the
process of problem-solving with appropriate examples. 60 PaperII-2004 Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are
compulsory and any three of the remaining questions selecting at
least one question from each Section. Section A Write notes on any
three of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 20
3 = 60 The role of. Small groups in social action Rehabilitation
of HIV/AIDS victims Any two indigenous therapies Factors
influencing positive health and well-being Discuss the managerial
implications of motivation theories. State the specific programmes
drawn from these theories giving examples of organizations in
which they are applied. 60 List the characteristics of psychological
tests. Explain the process of construction of a standardized
psychological test with an example of your choice. 60 Describe the
various learning styles. How are/can they be used in educational
guidance and counselling? 60 Section B Write notes on any three
of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 20 3 =
60 Measure to educate and motivate the disadvan-taged towards
development Human engineering in Defence Consumer rights and
Consumer courts-psycho-logical perspective Impact of rapid
scientific and technological growth on degradation of environment
Discuss the psychological consequences of recent developments in
I. T. 60 Explain psychological strategies for handling conflicts and
prejudices. Write about the measures to achieve integration. 60
Describe the application of psychological principles in enhancing
performance of sports personnel, with relevant exainples. 60
of the following in not more than 200 words each: In the present
modern age there is a wide range of application of Psychology and

consequently the present status of psychology is that of exporter of
knowledge/Discuss the statement highlighting your point of view.
Explain the basic processes involved in remembering and also
highlight the phenomenon which may occur when any one of the
basic processes fails to operate properly. Psychology is a science
Discuss the statement in the light of its historical development
What can be done to move from correlational inferences to causal
inferences? Differentiate between learning and training. Discuss
Pavlovian learning theory with the help of experimental evidence.
What is perceptual organization? Describe its various factors with
tine help of examples. Discuss in detail the influence of childrearing practices on the growth and development of an individual.
Section B Answer any three of the following in not. More than 200
words each: Is personality consistent? Give your answer with the
support of relevant studies. Motivation is a goal-directed
behaviouR'Discuss the statement highlighting the steps involved in
the process of motivation. What is communication? Describe the
processes involved in communication. Describe the meaning of
creativity and discuss the ways for fostering creative talents. Is
intelligence different from aptitude? Discuss Spearman's theory of
intelligence. How attitudes are formed? Discuss its various
components. Give a detailed description of computer applications
in psychological studies and research. Cite relevant examples in
support of your answer. Paper II Section A Answer any THREE of
the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): Leaders
in the organizational set up work with different kinds of strategies
than leaders in other fields. Comment Describe the salient tenets of
career counselling. Is it different from vocational guidance?
Examine the significance of indigenous therapies like Yoga and
meditation. How effective they are? How would you identify the
mentally and socially challenged individuals? Can they be brought
back to the main-stream of life? Discuss the salient features of a
psychological test. Identify the process involved in construction
and standardization of a psychological test. What are the ethical
issues involved in the use of a psychological test? Sustaining
positive and effective mental health is more dependent on
prevention than cure. Do you agree with this statement? Answer
with the help of a relevant model and highlight the role of quality
of life. Evaluate the role of a community psychologist in arousing
community consciousness and action for handling social problem.
Give suitable examples to substantiate your arguments. Section B
Answer any THREE of the following (Each answer should not
exceed 200 words): Examine the relevance of sports psychology
with reference to Indian scenario. Identify the true characteristics
of an entrepreneur Discuss with reference to McClellands
assumptions. Has the mass media especially the TV played a
significant role in affecting the psyche of people? Give examples
to support your answer. Environmental psychology is limited as far
as its application is concerned. Do you agree with this statement?
Cite examples to support your arguments. How does the military
psychology bring in a new perspective to the understanding of
human behaviour? What is the role of human engineering in
defence? Is it possible to achieve social integration with the help of
psychological principles? How can a psychologist deal effectively
with class and caste conflicts? Define relative deprivation. Draw a.
Programme which will facilitate the motivation and education of
the deprived Discuss with some theoretical assumptions.
of the following in not more than 200 words each: Attention
develops from unfocussed scanning to focussed planfulness.
Discuss giving illustrative examples. Is subliminal perception a
myth or a reality? Answer citing relevant experimental evidence.
Psychology is called a science not because of its subject matter
but because of the scientific method used in studying its subject
matter. Write a detailed explanatory note. Evaluate questionnaire
as a tool for collecting data for psychological research. Offer
suggestions for increasing its utility as a research tool. What is
observational learning? How does it differ from other forms of
learning? Give three examples to explain its nature. Can human
memory be improved? If yes, what techniques would you
recommend? Explain how each technique proposed by you can
bring about improvement in memory. Discuss fully the relative
roles of genetic and environmental factors in determining human
behaviour. Cite findings of related studies in support of your
answer. Section B Answer any three of the following in not more
than 200 words each: Explain and evaluate the view that hypnosis
represents dissociated experience and dissociated control. Is
aggression an innate tendency or an externally elicited behaviour?
Answer with suitable examples to substantiate your view. State and
critically evaluate Slobin's cognitive theory of language
development. Describe in detail the Thurstone's method of scaleconstruction. What is emotional intelligence? Has it revolutionized
our knowledge of human abilities? Describe the method of
measuring it. Human behaviour is elicited by expectations of
desirable outcomes. Discuss this statement to bring out the

cognitive aspects of human motivation. Elucidate Rogers concept
of a fully functioning person Indicate the importance of selfconcept and anxiety in his account of human personality. Paper II
Section A Answer any three of the following (Each answer should
not exceed 200 words): Elucidate the nature of individual
differences. Describe the methods of validity and reliability.
Describing the important features of client centered therapy,
present the similarities and differences between psychoanalytic
therapy and client centered therapy. Discuss the various conditions
under which the teaching-learning process occurs. Defining
learning styles indicate how knowledge of learning style of student
would contribute to more effective teaching-learning process.
Enumerate the importance of Personnel Selection and Training in
Industries. Describe the more commonly used psychological tests
in personnel selection and evaluation of training effects. Discuss
critically the ethical issues involved in the construction and use of
psychological tests. Compare Cognitive Therapies and Behaviour
Therapies. Present behaviour therapy as a method of treatment for
anxiety disorders. Discussing the various programme towards
prevention of mental disorders in the society, present in detail the
role of psychologists in rehabilitating the mentally ill persons.
Section B Answer any three of the following: (Each answer should
not exceed 200 words) Elucidate the concept of Social Integration.
How would you use this concept in bringing about unity amongst
people of different castes, religion, language and class in India?
Trace the developments in the emerging field of sports psychology.
Enumerate the important characteristics of entrepreneurial
behaviour. Describe the test you would use to identify the
entrepreneurial qualities in a person. What are the important
indicators of environmental degradation? What measures would

you suggest to prevent and arrest this degradation? Discuss
critically the benefits of distance learning. How would you use
Information Technology and Mass Media for bringing about 100%
literacy in India through distance learning? Critically enunciate the
use of psychological counselling in assisting personnel to adjust to
the military life. What are the consequences of population
explosions? How can psychologists help in motivating the public
to adopt small family norm?
AS Mains Psychology 2001 Paper I Section A Answer any three of
the following in not more than 200 words each: Describe the basic
assumptions of regression analysis and explain what happens when
these assumptions are violated. Describe the decision rules
employed by an individual for maximizing his gains. Also explain
the uses of ROC curves. Explain why is the humanistic perspective
called the third force in psychology. Discuss the role of vicarious
reinforcement in social learning and modelling. Describe the
process of emergence of self-concept during late childhood. Citing
suitable illustrations from Indian social milieu explain the impact
of child rearing practices on the emergence of selfconcept. Discuss
the characteristic features of perception and bring out the
significance of redundancy and feature detectors in it. Present a
critical appraisal of stage versus process models of memory and
citing suitable studies show how elaborative processing and self-
generation improve memory. Section B Answer any three of the

following in not more than 200 words each: Explain the concept of
problem space and describe the methods in solving multi-step
problems. Erikson's theory of psycho-social development parallels
Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Elaborate. Is it correct to
state that the theoretical conceptualization of achievement
motivation is not adequate enough to describe the economic
development of India? Contemporary research has done much to
inform us about the dark kingdom of sleepwakefulness. Comment
Describe the three-level hierarchical model of cognitive ability as
followed in the fourth revision of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence
Scale. Is it necessary to administer all subtests of the fourth
revision of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale on any one subject?
Discuss. Elaborate the statement that James's theory of emotion,
followed by its criticism by Cannon, stimulated a great deal of
empirical research while Lange's theory of emotion influenced the
activation theories of emotion. Citing experimental evidences
discuss how social learning, social comparison and genetic factors
influence formation of attitudes. Also explain how trivialisation
reduces cognitive dissonance. Paper II Section A Answer any three
of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words):
Mention different types of psychological tests and discuss their
uses, misuses and limitations. Discuss the special features of
schizophrenia and describe the clinical picture in schizophrenia.
Explain the concept of personality and character development
Discuss the role of value education for personality and character
development. Discuss the significance of social support programs.
Mention the role of community psychologist in social change.
Describe the nature and vital role of behaviour therapy in modern
clinical treatment of mental disorder. Critically evaluate its
effectiveness. Human Resource Development is a continuous

process to develop human capabilities and potentialities to achieve
personal and organizational goals. Give your comments. Explain
the need of prevention in mental health system. Describe Caplan's
three-fold model of prevention. Section B Answer any three of the
following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words). Discuss
some psychological characteristics of socially deprived people and
mention steps to be taken for the upliftment of socially deprived.
What is prejudice? Describe the methods for reducing prejudice
and facilitating social integration. Evaluate critically the relative
effectiveness of mass media for distance learning. Describe
traumatic reactions to military combat and discuss in detail
psychological factors contributing to stress. Critically evaluate
McClefland's achievement motivation theory with reference to
Indian women entrepreneurs. Differentiate the environmental
features of single and multiple dwellings. Describe how residential
environment affects social behaviour of people. Discuss the
psycho-social factors contributing to terrorism in India. Suggest
strategies to eliminate terrorism.
ection A Answer any three of the following in not more than 200
words each: What is the basic difference between the experimental
and correlational methods of psychology? How do models help in
the process of socialization? How can the contributions of heredity
and environment be isolated in the study of human behaviour. How
can the phenomenon of perceptual defence be demonstrated

experimentally? Explain how operant conditioning be used to
establish behaviour which is not spontaneously emitted by an
organism. Giving an account of Piagets's theory of cognitive
development bring out the difference in the modes of thinking at
different stages of development. What is the theoretical and
utilitarian justification of the concepts of aptitude and intelligence
Section B Answer any three of the following in not more than
200 words each: How is perception of inanimate objects different
from the person perception? What is the importance of
discrimination and generalization in learning? Is national character
a valid concept? How experimenter effects and demand
characteristics influence the findings of an experimental study?
Illustrate and discuss the salient features of motivated behaviour.
Critically examine the optimistic conclusions of humanistic
theories regarding human nature and existence. Discuss the
problems encountered in the use of verbal statements as the items
of attitude scales. Psychology-2000 (Main) (Paper-II) Time
Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300 Instructions Each
question is printed both in Hindi and in English. The answers must
be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate
issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the
answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will
be given for the answers written in a medium other than that
specified in the Admission Certificate. Candidates should attempt
questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the
remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each
Section. All questions carry equal marks. Section A Answer any
three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words):
Briefly describe the classification of psychological discorders.
Show your acquaintance with atleast am one theory of group

behaviour. Show conceptual relationship between social change
and organizational change. How can cognitive therapy help a
person develop his cognition? There have been various leadership
and management theories and styles. Which one of them do you
consider to be the most suitable in the Indian condition? Give
reasons. Discuss Maslow's theory of need-hierarchy. Can Maslow's
theory be applied-to industries? What is stress? Can you suggest
some Indian techniques for stress management? Elaborate. Section
B Answer any three of the following (each answer should not
exceed 200 words): Describe the concept of deprivation. Give your
idea about nosological systems of metal disorders. How can you
motivate people to achieve? Discuss the impact of television in
opinion formation. Highlight the problems of alcoholism and drug
addiction. Suggest measures to fight them. Discuss the
psychological theories and contributions of psychology in effective
advertising. What is organizational communication? What will be
the form of organizational communication in the 21st century
because of the advent of information technology?
5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining questions
selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions
carry equal marks. Section A Answer any three of the following in
not more than 200 words each: What is Reminiscene? Discuss this
phenomenon in terms of interference processes. Is it necessary to
conceptualize self as a determinant of behaviour besides heredity
and environment? Give real life examples to support your
contention. Explain the scanning and the focusing strategies in
attainment of concepts. Give your arguments in support of
claiming psychology a science. Why is psychological experiment
described as observation under controlled conditions? Explain,
with illustration, the difference between control-groups and withinsubjects designs of experiment. What are perceptual styles?
Evaluate attempts to conceptualise them as personality variables.
Describe, in brief, the typical classical and operant conditioning
experiments. Comment on the nature of reinforcement in the two.
Are they basically different? Section B Answer any three of the
following in not more than 200 words each: Which model of man
is most suited and relevant to behaviour modification? State and
evaluate the Drive-reduction theory of motivation. Has it any
relevance to homeostasis? Discuss the importance of military
psychology highlighting the functions of psychologists in the
aviation sphere. Can attitudes be changed? Discuss the factors to
be considered in changing attitudes. Explain the concept of
intelligence quotient. Has it outlived its utility for explaining
individual differences? Is the concept of emotional quotient (EQ)
more useful in this regard? Elucidate Freud's conceptualization of
human personality. Discuss its implications for counselling
therapy. Elucidate the main features of Skinner's and Chomsky's
theory of language development and indicate their application.
Paper II Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are
compulsory and any three of the remaining questions selecting at
least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal
marks. Section A Answer any three of the following each answer

should not exceed 200 words: Describe the steps and procedures
involved in construction of psychological tests. Discuss the
common characteristics of psychopathic personality. Discuss the
techniques of motivating industrial employees with particular
reference to Herzberg's theory of work motivation. Briefly discuss
the major theoretical explanations for group formation in the
organization set-up: Describe Beck's cognitive behaviour therapy
for the treatment of depression. What is social change? Describe
the relevant psychological factors that need to be considered while
planning for social change. Discuss the relevance of traditional and
modern participative management techniques in the Indian
industry. Section B Answer any three of the following in not more
than 200 words each: Describe the characteristics of a learner,
which make learning effective. Discuss the socio-cultural
approaches for understanding the origins of ethnic prejudice and
discrimination. Enumerate the methods for improving the
effectiveness of upward communication in the organization.
Mention the physical, psychological and behavioural consequences
of stress. Describe the specific socio-cultural deprivation of Tribals
of India as a socially and culturally disadvantage group. Critically
evaluate McClelland's achievement motivation theory and discuss
its relevance in the Indian context. Discuss the relative
effectiveness of mass media in creating social awareness and social
change
IAS Mains Psychology 1998 Psychology 1998 Mains Paper I Time

Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300 Candidates should
attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of
the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each
three of the following in not more than 200 words each: Analyse
the salient features of a laboratory experimental design. Is person
perceiption a critical variable in human interaction? Illustrate your
answer. Delineate the principles involved in programmed learning.
Is it feasible to programme higher form of learning. How do
convergent and divergent thinking differ? Nan it be integrated in
higher form of creative thinking? Analyse the relative contributions
of heredity and environment in the development of human
behaviour. Illustrate your answer from real life situations. Do the
principles of perceptual organisation point to their inborn nature?
Cite experimental evidences in this context. Can We sustain the
statement that much of our behaviour is the result of classical and
operant cnditioning? Section B Answer any three of the following
in not more than 200 words each: What specific role does social
intelligence play in the management of people? How do one's
values motivate his behaviour? Illustrate your answer. Detail the
correlates of Rapid Eye Movements (REM) in sleep. Specify the
human problems associat3> ed with space flight. Give
experimental evidences. Highlight with examples the strategies of
concept formation in children. Do the projective techniques of
personality assessment have an edge over psychometric tests? Cite
experimental evidences in this context. Discuss the view that the
mechanistic model of man is an oversimplification of the facts of
behaviour. Examine the concept of integrated model with a view to
present a balanced picture. Paper II Candidates should attempt
Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the

remaining questions selecting at least one question from each
three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words):
Highlight the basic principles of psychodynamic approach in
handling behaviour disorders. Show your acquaintance with the
components of leadership training. Discuss the uses of
psychological testing in selection. Discuss the types of
psychosomatic diseases. Discuss the salient features of clientcentered therapy. What do you understand by work motivation?
Discuss the Maslow's theory of need hierarchy. How can Maslow's
theory be applied in industrial situations? Discuss the types of
group at work situations. How can group work be measured?
Section B Answer any three of the following (each answer should
not exceed 200 words): Distinguish between juvenile delinquency
and crime. Discuss the problems of educating the disadvantaged
groups. What are the nature and manifestations of social
prejudices? What is achievement motivation? What are the
characteristics of an Indian with high achievement motivation?
What is organizational communication? Discuss the various factors
of effective communication in industries. What is stress? Discuss
certain methods of stress management. Discuss the social, cultural
and economic consequences of the disadvantaged. How can
Psychology help them?
Paper I Section A Explain any three of the following in not more

than 200 words each: What are the drawbacks of Ex-Post-Facto
design of research? Why do Figural-After-Effects take place? What
is the relation between Discrimination learning and
Generalization? What role does extinction play in long-termmemory? What would be the major methodological orientation for
doing research in Physiological psychology, Social Psychology and
Counselling Psychology? Is there any relation between process of
socialization and the social learning theories of personality? In
order to have effective communication how far should one learn
the body language and relate it to verbal communication? Section
B Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words
each: What is the relation of creativity, artistic aptitude and
intelligence? Can you relate the Guna theory of personality with
any Western model of personality? What is the difference in the
altered state of consciousness through meditation and hyonotic
trance? Can the Cybernetic model of behaviour explain problem
solving behaviour? In terms of motivational properties how would
you rank attitudes and values? Dose the organizational man lead to
the alienation in comparison to the Humanistic man? How does
sleep and sensory deprivation affect behaviour of individuals who
go for aviation and space flights? Psychology-1997 (Main) (PaperII) Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300 Candidates
should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any
three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question
from each Section. All questions carry equal marks. Section A
Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed
200 words): Briefly describe the origin of the measurement of
individual differences and comment on the present status of
psychological testing in India. What is group cohesiveness?
Discuss the factors affecting group cohesiveness. Is aptitude testing

sufficient for determining the suitability of a person for a particular
job? If not, mention the other tests that should be applied? Define
achievement motivation. Discuss the basic factors on which the
success of a programme of increasing individual motivation
depends. Describe the prominent symptoms of psychosis and
discuss the main points of difference between psychotic and
neurotic reactions. It is said that Indian society is resistant to
change. Is it true? If so discuss the factors responsible for this and
suggest measures to combat the same. What is the aim of
psychoanalytic therapy? Discuss the significance of free
association and dream analysis in the process of psychoanalytic
therapy. Section B Answer any three of the following (each answer
should not exceed 200 words): Explain the concept of deprivation.
How is it different from disadvantage? Can stress be totally
eliminated? Discuss the main sources of stress in our society.
Describe the verbal and non-verbal modes of communication and
mention their significance. Juvenile delinquency is the outcome of
broken homes. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for
your answer. Discuss the different sources of development of
prejudice in India, What steps do you suggest for minimizing the
effects of prejudice. Mention some of the techniques used in
behaviour therapy and comment or its applicability. What is meant
by socialization? Comment on the view that school is the best
agent of socialization.
AS Mains Psychology 1996 Paper I Section A Explain any three of

the following in not more than 200 words each: Maturation and
learning as determinants of behaviour. Give suitable examples
Nature of and theory underlying programmed learning and its
implications for teaching. Relationship between emotions and
perception with special reference to perceptual defence. Theorytesting vs Theory-developing research. How is psychological
measurement different from measurement in physical sciences?
Giving appropriate Illustrations, distinguish clearly between
psycho-physical and psychometric measures. Explain the rationale
in using perception as a medium for studying personality. Cite
major findings of research in this area. Discuss the informationprocessing approach to the study of memory. How does it differ
from other approaches? Describe the three interacting systems of
memory implied in the approach. Section B Answer any three of
the following in about 200 words each: How do values motivate
human beings? Answer giving suitable examples from research.
Can computer ever acquire human-like ability to think, remember
and solve problems? Discuss fully with illustrations. How are
intelligence and creativity interrelated? Between brain-maturation
and reinforcement, which one offers a more satisfactory
explanation of language acquisition? Give a complete
psychoanalytic account of human motivation. Is it adequate, in
your opinion? Briefly, describe various projective measures of
personality. Evaluate each of them. What do you mean by altered
states of consciousness? Describe the ways in which they can be
acquired. Paper II Section A Answer any three questions of the
following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): Describe
the chief features of group therapy and also mention the neurotic
behaviour on which it can be used. How can personality affect the
formation of prejudices? When does a group become a crowd? Any

why? Is work culture an essential component of effective work
motivation? Discuss its operation in public and private industrial
set-up in India. Discuss the different types of psychological tests.
Are the results obtained in different areas of testing equally
scientific and dependable? Suggest measures for ensuring their
reliability and accuracy. What are the typical psychophysiologic
disorders caused by anxiety and stress? Give your reasons for the
same. Why is social change necessary? Keeping the present state
of affairs in India, What steps would you take to plan social
change? Section B Answer any three of the following (Each
answer should not exceed 200 words): Can a normal school handle
gifted as well as retarded children with equal justice? Discuss the
role of mass media with a special reference to television in
spreading the idea of consumerism in India How would you
differentiate psychological consequences of disadvantage and
deprivation? Discuss the psychological and social factors behind
effective communication. What are the major components of
prejudice? Discuss the factors which generate and strengthen
prejudice with special reference to the Indian scene. Discuss the
effect of rapid technological advances on psychological and social
behaviour of Indian youth from rural and urban areas. Discuss how
alcoholism, drug addiction and various kinds of crime are the
symptoms of basic social disorganisation. Suggest ameliorative
and rehabilitation measures

of the following in about 200 words each: What do you mean by
the S-O-R paradigm? What is culturally conditioned behaviour?
Give examples. Is reminiscence a fact or a misnomer? Answer with
relevant findings in support Explain covergent and divergent
thinking. Describe the essential features of an experiment in
psychology giving suitable examples. Discuss the limitations of the
experimental method. Evaluate critically the contribution of the
Gestalt school to the development of psychology as a science with
special reference to the study of perception. Give an adequate
description of the classical and the operant conditioning situations
and compare them with respect to the nature of reinforcement and
the kind of responses that are learned. Section B Explain any three
of the following in not more than 200 words each: Factorial
approach to the study of personality Stages in language
development Sensory deprivation and its effects on behaviour Man
as viewed from the standpoint of humanistic psychology Explain
the G and the S factors in intelligence. Describe one test each
known to you for measuring the G factor and the S factor. Discuss
the need-hierarchy theory and comment on its relevance and utility
today in understanding human behaviour. What are attitudes? Can
they be changed? Explain the characteristics of the source of
message which strongly affect one's response to any attempt at
changing attitudes. Paper II Section A Answer any three questions
of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words):
What is the basic principle of psycho-dynamic approach in
handling behaviour disorder? Does it equally qualify as other kinds
of therapeutic techniques? What are the components of leadership
training? Discuss the limiting and facilitative factors in leadership
training for a public sector industrial set-up in India. Describe the
chief characteristics of a small group with a special reference to the

quality of interpersonal interactions and relations. Discuss the
various psycho-social process of socialisation. Indicate the
importance of home in this process. What is the rationale behind
use of psychological tests? Critically examine reliability and
validity, of such tests, and their interdependence. Evaluate the
psychological and behaviouristic theories of neurosis. Do you
think, the therapies suggested by both the groups are inclusive of
each other? Examine the phenomenon of resistance of change.
Explain the factors involved therein affecting social change in
relation to productive processes of a community and suggest
possible remedies. Section B Answer any three of the following
(Each answer should not exceed 200 words): Do you think, ail low
achievers in school are mentally retarded? How are the low
achievers actually identified? Suggest training programme for the
mentally retarded. Discuss how achievement motivation is an
essential component of entrepreneur syndrome. Draw up a
programme of creating achievement motivation in rural people. Do
you agree with the view that urbanisation creates greater problems
for the aged? Give reasons. Suggest measures to handle their
psycho-social problems. What do you understand by information
overload? Discuss the psychological factors involved in
information management. Discuss the various psychological and
pedagogical factors which cause cognitive deficiency in early
childhood period. Do Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe
children come under this category? Draw up a compensatory
educational programme for such children with a view to bring
them to the mainstream. What are the various components of
dynamic social integration? Describe the various psycho-social
factors which hamper proper social integration in India. Suggest
remedial measures. Describe the various psycho-social factors

which contribute to communication gap. Illustrate your answer
from a public sector industrial organisation as well as a Govt.
Department. How would you overcome communication gap?
of the following in about 200 words each: Cognitive psychology is
the scientific study of cognition that explains how mental
processes are organised and function. Explain. Examine the scope
of application of psychology in different fields. Give suitable
examples. Explain that endopsychic conflicts, even though they do
not become conscious, draw a great deal of nervous energy which
could otherwise be used for creative activities. Explain the concept
of economic motive and discuss its influence on behaviour. What
difference would it make in our educational procedure if there
were little or-no transfer of learning? Discuss the scope of
programmed learning in curriculum of certain courses for students.
How is national character developed? Explain its need and
importance in present day political situation. Explain the causes of
forgetting. Is it a necessary aspect of learning process? Justify your
answer with examples. Section B Answer any three of the
following in about 200 words each: Discuss the effectiveness of
projective technique in the measurement of personality. Give
suitable examples. Dream is the guardian of sleep. Explain. What
is conflict resolution? How best can it be attained? Give suitable
examples. Describe an integrated model of man acceptable to the

modern society. Distinguish between physical and environmental
stress and state the generalised responses. Is it possible to
overcome this? People tend to conform to group norms of thought
and behaviour. Conformity pressures can create situations in which
the information obtained from personal modes conflicts with
information obtained from social modes. Explain. Describe the
physical and psychological problems of man in aviation and space
flight. Paper II Section A Answer any three questions of the
following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): What is
behaviour therapy? Can it handle alone all kinds of behaviour
disorder? Give reason. Describe the chief features of participatory
management system. Does it help creating better work culture?
Examine the characteristics of various types of work motivation.
What is the role of social prestige and security in this context?
What is interaction process analysis? How does it measure group
behaviour? Does quantitative measurement of psychological traits
cover all aspects of personality? Suggest measures to overcome its
limitation. Describe the various kinds of psycho-physiological
disorders. Are they in any way related to psychopathic personality?
Indicate the line of treatment in this respect. Examine the view that
the psychological resistances to change are dynamically related to
social change proneness prevalent in the society. Suggest measures
to alter this syndrome. Section B Answer any three of the
following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): Does the
Indian school serve as a true agent of socialisation. Discuss this
problem keeping in view the social objectives of modern Indian
society. Elucidate the concept of cognitive deprivation. Describe
the psychological measures to eliminate it. Describe the
psychological components of prejudices. Give suitable examples
from Indian context and suggest possible remedies. What are the
chief features of achievement motivation? How does, can it be
assessed? What is information management system? Explain the
problem of information overload. Describe the psychological
factors which make it more effective in operation. Distinguish
between White Collar and Blue Collar Stress. Discuss some of the
coping strategies with each type of stress. Give suitable examples.
Examine the role of mass media in the Indian social change
process. Critically evaluate the role of Doordarshan with a special
reference to its advertisement display programme in this context.
of the following in about 200 words each: Is it possible to apply
psychological principles to help in solving human problems for
developing a fair, peaceful and satisfying society? How are rules
useful in solving problems? How do people make decisions about
an uncertain situation? Define perception. Differentiate between
different types of perceptual distortions. Describe the case history
method and its importance in clinical diagnosis. What is cognitive
approach to learning? How do latent learning, insight and imitation
differ from each other? Illustrate cognitive approach to learning.
Explain the various stages of the information processing models of
memory. What are the characteristics of each stage and how each
stage is related to one another? Discuss in detail the contribution of
nature and nurture in the development of human behaviour giving
suitable examples. Give your views in this regard. Section B

Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: State
the contributions of Francis Galton to mental testing. How did the
Neo-Freudians improve upon the orthodox Freudian analysis of
personality? Computer programme is the artificial intelligence.
Explain. Explain the role of dissonance arousal in prejudice. State
the various types of social motives the individual develops. How
social motives are important in helping us to understand the
behavioural differences among people? What is communication?
Discuss the importance of language and other effective modes of
communication. Explain the different models of man and their
implications for behavioural change. Paper II Section A Answer
any three questions of the following (Each answer should not
exceed 200 words): Examine the methods of reliability and validity
of psychological tests. Does one guarantee the other? Critically
examine the relative efficacy of different leadership styles in
management. Offer your own views in the matter. What are
essential social and psychological characteristics of change
proneness? Illustrate your answer with a special reference to a
certain personality syndrome What are the components of work
motivation? Does it mainly depend on financial incentives?
Discuss the basic differences between psychotic and neurotic
behaviour disorders. Can the same line of treatment be used in
treating both types of cases? Discuss the psychological
characteristics of a group. How does interactional process analysis
measure group dynamics? What are the psychological and social
factors behind the resistances of change? Draw up an action
programme to remove the resistances in changing common
stereotypes. Section B Answer any three of the following (Each
answer should not exceed 200 words): How would you
differentiate mentally retarded children from the normal in a

classroom situation? Suggest measures both at home and school
for successful training of such children. Do you agree with the
view that prejudice is an essential element of a certain personality
syndrome? How does it develop in home situation? Discuss the
psychological and social problems of the Aged. Draw up a
rehabilitation and counselling programme for them. Describe the
motivational problems of the disadvantaged children. What
ameliorative steps need be taken both at home and school to meet
this deficiency? Criticality examine the view that adolescent period
is marked by greater emotional instability and social protest
syndrome. Describe the remedial measures to handle this
programme. Describe the factors both at home and outside which
create and strengthen achievement motivation. Is it in any way
related to entrepreneur syndrome? Is drug addiction basically a
deviant coping mechanism? State the psychological and social
factors which have to be tackled for the successful rehabilitation of
drug addicts.
of the following in about 200 words each: Compare & contrastarmchair theorising and experiment, armchair theorising and
naturalistic observation. Give everyday example of instrumental
reward conditioning and instrumental eversive conditioning. Why
is it incorrect to say that homeostasis is a single motivational
factor? How many separate factors are included in it? Describe the
effective methods of communication giving suitable examples.
What does the reliability coefficient of a test indicate? Describe the
approaches to the estimation of reliability. Citing relevant
experiments elucidate facilitative as well as fixating effects of set
in problem-solving. Attempt a description of the characteristics of
the gifted and indicate how those could be identified and
developed. Section B Answer any three of the following in about
200 words each: What is national character? Explain the role of
heredity in developing national character. Describe the
implications of the different models for behavioural changes.
Explain meditation and how far it is useful today for therapeutic
purpose. Critically evaluate Tolman's views on reward expectancy,
place learning and latent learning. Describe the cognitive, the
effective and the behavioural components of attitudes and state
their effect on behaviour. Write briefly on the nature and
development of intelligence and on the factors that influence the
development of intelligence. What are the strengths and
weaknesses of a type approach to the study of personality?
Illustrate with reference to Jung's theory and to Sheldon's. Paper II
Section A Answer any three questions of the following (Each
answer should not exceed 200 words): What do you understand by
retarded solution? Suggest measures for their relevant training.
What is meant by communication? Suggest suitable measures to
bring about effective communication. Examine the nature of
achievement motivation and discuss how people are to be
motivated. Examine the actiology and symptoms of the socially
deviant and suggest ways for their rehabilitation. Examine the
characteristics of good psychological test and discuss its limitation
as raised by the critics. Victims of anxieties and depressions do
present a common sight to everyday life. Point out the difference in

them and elucidate their actiology and the remedial measures to be
adopted to treat these two maladies. Whom would you label as the
disadvantaged groups? Examine with illustrations the
psychological consequences of disadvantages and suggest in brief,
measures to educate them. Section B Answer any three of the
following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): What do
you understand by psychological tests? Examine the principle of
their classification under different heads. State with examples how
neurotic cases can be differentiated from psychoneurotic cases.
Examine the complexity inherent in the change process and discuss
how resistance to change can be reduced. What is meant by
interaction process analysis? State how it helps in classifying
major categories of communication. Render a psychological
definition of juvenile delinquency and discuss in what way it
differs from crime. Cite some common stresses in our daily life
and examine the effects of psychological efforts to contain them,
ending either in success or failure. Examine the nature and source
of prejudice, and also the different ways of their manifestation.
Give relevant illustrations.
of the following in about 200 words each: Examine the status of
Psychology in the family of Social Sciences. What are the salient
features of a laboratory experiment? Illustrate how you would plan
to conduct a laboratory experiment to ascertain the effect of a

narcotic on student's academic performance. Briefly discuss the
environmental factors affecting vigilance. Elucidate the concept of
approval motive and discuss its influence on behaviour. Citing
experimental evidence describe how values determine one's social
perception. What methods would you employ to study
discrimination learning? Explain the phenomena of transposition.
And how is it explained by relational theory? Within the
framework of operant conditioning experiments discuss major
types of schedules of reinforcement and their impact on the
modification of behaviour. Section B Answer any three of the
following in about 200 words each: Bring out the difference
between surface and source traits of personality. How has Cattell
identified the latter empirically? Critically examine the
significance and difficulties involved in the measurement of social
attitudes. On what basis can it be asserted that there are two
systems of memory? Discuss their importance to retention. Outline
the necessary steps for developing a test for the measurement of
scientific aptitude or intelligence. Murray's theory possesses the
unique feature of a simultaneous emphasis upon the importance of
the past of the organism and the present context within which
behaviour takes place. Discuss. Analyse the process of
communication. Highlight the importance of effective
communication between students and teachers in the university setup: Discuss the implications of the Humanistic Man Model for
behaviour change. Will this model be suitable in the present-day
world? Paper II Section A Answer any three questions of the
following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): Elucidate
the technique of personnel selection and state its importance. What
is meant by social and cultural deprivation? Examine the major
consequences of social deprivation. In the light of psychological

characteristics of the adolescents, discuss the specific problems
they face in learning situation. State in brief the important
symptoms of psychopathic personality. Point out the fundamental
difference between these symptoms and those of neuroses and
psychoses. Examine the basic principles in the construction of
psychological tests. What steps are to be taken to get assured of
their dependability? Examine the major characteristics of clientcentred therapy and group-therapy and state their respective merits
and limitations. Elucidate the psycho-social factors that are
contributory to resistance to changes of any social system. Suggest
a concrete plan to improve or eradicate the same. Section B Write
answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed
200 words): Discuss the major steps to achieve social integration.
What do you understand by work motivation? Discuss how its
functional role may contribute profit to industry. Drug addiction is
acclaimed as a threat to our country. State its cause and remedy.
Elucidate the causes and consequences of deprivation. Suggest
corrective measures. Explain Entrepreneur Syndrome, and the
steps that you will suggest corrective measures. What are the
psychological barriers of effective communication? Discuss with
particular reference to the mass media. How do you propose to
overcome the barriers? The multifarious problems of aged persons
have posed a great challenge to the society and our country.
Suggest a programme for their all round rehabilitation.

of the following in about 200 words each: What are the essential
criteria for conducting a true experiment? Explain by giving a
suitable example. Operational definitions of learning facilitate
scientist's activity. Discuss. How does signal detection theory
differ, classical psychophysics? Discuss Point out the main
differences in the approaches of Western and Vedantic theories of
personality. Though the model of Hebb has many shortcomings in
the field of perception and certainty cannot be called a satisfactory
general theory, it probably goes further in suggesting the way
towards such a theory than do other conceptions that lack its
denotational clarity and boldness of design? Discuss. As you
observe people about you, are you able to determine differences in
their ability to do abstract, mechanical and social tasks? How
would you investigate mechanical and social intelligence? How
would the knowledge of these factors serve as an encouragement to
children who do not possess high abstraction ability? Tendency to
succeed is a multiplicative function of motive to achieve success,
probability of success and incentive value of the goal. Discuss.
Section B Differentiate any three of the following in about 200
words each: Field experiment and field study. Thurstone and Likert
attitude scales. Roger's concept of the fully functioning person and
Maslow's notion of self actualization. Convergent and Divergent
thinking. Explain the characteristics of pre-existing attitudes as
factors in attitude modification. The human infants of different
societies are biologically similar and born a social. It is the culture
that makes them different and social. Elucidate with reference to
the process of socialization. Give suitable examples. Critically
examine the human problems in aviation and space flight. Paper II
Section A Answer any three of the following (Each answer should
not exceed 200 words): Critically examine the view that

Intelligence scores very depending on various socio cultural
differences of the subjects tested. Evaluate the status of reliability
and validity of these tests as predictive instruments. The same fire
which melts butter hardens steel! Explain this phenomenon in the
Context of frustration and stress resolution in personality
development with examples. What are the characteristics of
neurotic and psychotic depressions? Do you think the lines of
treatment should be similar in both? What are the different forms
of group therapy? Does it exclude behaviour therapy from its
process of insight development? Discuss the motivational
determinants of effective job performance. Do individual
differences in respect of job satisfaction play a significant role in
job performance? How do socio-economic disadvantages adversely
affect the cognitive development of children in early years of
growth? Suggest ameliorative and compensatory educational
measures to modify these deficiencies. Indicate the critical period
concept in this context. Examine the various ethnic and communal
prejudices which operate against the forces of national integration
in India. How do you plan a programme of education and
propaganda media leading to healthy national integration? Section
B Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not
exceed 200 words): Different leadership styles determine the
nature and quality of group management. Discuss. What are the
motivational and attitudinal components of change proneness?
Draw up a programme of change to enhance and strengthen this
property in people. What is Entrepreneur syndrome? How do
environmental and family set-up determine the emergence of this
syndrome? Discuss how achievement motivation depends on
socioeconomic and personality factors. Can achievement
motivation be improved & strengthened? What is mental

retardation? Discuss the genesis of different types of mental
retardation. Suggest measures for this rehabilitation. Discuss how
information management, with a view to facilitate effective
communication in a democratic set-up is primarily the
responsibility of various mass media. What should be the role of
Government and leadership in this process? Examine the view that
alchoholism and drug addiction is basically a part of disorganised
personality syndrome established in home setting. Suggest
measures to arrest this process of personality disorganisation.
of the following in about 200 words each: Distinguish between
Classical and Instrumental conditioning on operational and
theoretical grounds. Discuss the role of extraneous variables in
social research. How can they be controlled? Critically examine
the role of non-cognitive factors in perception. What do you
understand by term National Character Critically examine the
present Indian National Character according to your perception.
On the basis of experimental evidence discuss whether the
phenomenon of perceptual defence is an experimental artifact and
indicate the kind of mechanism that the phenomenon presupposes.
Discuss, with reference to suitable experimental studies, the role of
positive and negative instances in concept formation, and explain
the strategies of concept learning. What are the various stages
involved in the processing and storage of information in human

memory? Discuss. Section B Answer any three of the following in
about 200 words each: Discuss the utility of psychometric vs.
Protective tests in personality assessment. Examine the implication
of Expectancy Value theory of motivation in the light of
experimental evidence concerning achievement oriented behaviour
in man. Briefly discuss either Balance or Cognitive Dissonance
theory of attitude change. Define intelligence and discuss critically
Spearman's two-factor theory. What are the latest views on the
structure of human abilities. Briefly describe the main factors
responsible for effective communication. What kind of relationship
exists between culture and personality? Examine critically the
concept of personality in Indian thought. Which model of man do
you consider to be most appropriate in the present social context?
Give your reasons. Paper II Section A Answer any three of the
following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): Critically
examine the effect of television on the people of rural India.
Suggest suitable measures to bring about socio-cultural change
through this mass media. Discuss how certain persons are
predisposed to develop neurotic behaviour under stress. What are
the adaptive functions of neurotic symptoms? Describe the major
barriers of effective communication in a public sector industrial
set-up in India. Psychological properties of a small group
determine its cohesion as well as its quality of decision making
process. Illustrate your answer. Critically examine the various
terms of reliability and validity of psychological tests. Does
reliability guarantee validity? Cite some tests of questionable
validity. What are the basic experimental findings which have
contributed to behaviour therapy? Can it be the sole therapeutic
method to handle all types of behaviour disorders? What are the
psychological resistances to social change? Draw up a programme

of change in favour of family planning in India, emphasising the
successful removal of resistances existing in this area. Section B
Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed
200 words). What are the Psycho-Social factors behind drug
addiction? Suggest a rehabilitation programme for the drug
addicts. What are the basic psychological problems of the
adolescents in the home and school situations? Suggest measures
for the proper adjustment of the adolescents both in homes and
schools What is appropriate technology? How does technological
change influence human behaviour and interaction? Point out its
psychosocial implications in rural India, citing case studies. What
is prejudice? Do you think it is a part of personality syndrome
which develops through socialization? How would you intervene
in this process to arrest its development? Authoritative decision
making on the part of a leader does not rule out participatory
management processes. Discuss. How does it operate in Indian
industrial organizations? Incentives do play a major role in work
performance but they do not guarantee to maximize it. Discuss this
by citing examples from different work situations. What are the
psychological and cognitive deficiencies of socially disadvantaged
children? Draw up an effective educational training programme to
remove these deficiencies and bring them to the main stream of
school children.

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