‫ ام ا ا

ارا ‪2008/2007‬‬ ‫"!  ا او‬ ‫ا)(‪'%‬ن ا‪#$%‬‬

‫(دة اء وا‪+‬ء‬
‫ا‪"#1+‬ء )‪6‬ن(‬

‫ا‪-1-F+‬‬

‫ها اول 
 ددات 
 ا  ت ا
‪.‬‬
‫‪ 4' – A‬ا‪:3!+‬‬
‫‪ *+‬ا)ا ا
( ' &‪ $%‬ن‪  ! ،‬ا ر ‪ *+ -  K‬ا
‪.1 ,‬‬
‫‪ *=6& :6 u AB‬ا
( )&> ‪ ( Y1‬و ا  ‪E‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬أ‪ /‬ا‪ (1) (%‬و ‪ 89 :6‬آ‪ 7‬ر‪ 56‬آ ‪ 3‬ا‪6‬ب 
;  ا ‬
‫)&> ‪ 0,5) .( Y2‬ن(‬
‫‪ (2‬او‪ -‬ا
; د ا‪ (B) , 7‬ا* ‪ ?$‬ا  ) ‪ 0,5) . u AB (t‬ن(‬
‫‪ −t ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ @$ (3‬أن ‪ ;
 A u AB (t ) = E 1 − e  RC  ‬د ا‪ 0,5) .(B) , 7‬ن(‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ & (4‬ذا 
 ‪ :$% )C 6 τ = RC‬ا
( ؟ أ‪ 59‬ا
? ‪A HE‬د &;
ا ‪ ;& G9‬د ا‪ ;6F‬د و‪ 0,75) . ?A‬ن(‬
‫‪ 
 (5‬ا‪J (2) (%‬ات ) ‪ L6 u AB (t‬ا‪A ،:&K‬د &) ‪ τ 
! /‬؟ )‪ 0,25‬ن(‬
‫‪ ; 3!+( <#= -B‬دارة ‪: RL‬‬
‫‪ 9‬ا‪N/ t=0 M$‬ر‪  ! O-‬ا ر إ‪ G‬ا
‪ ،2 ,‬ا‪J 
 (3) (%‬ات ) ‪ *=6& :6 u AB (t‬ا
( ‪ L6‬ا‪.:&K‬‬
‫‪ M/ & (6‬م ا‪ 66‬ت ؟ ا‪3‬ح 
ذا و ا  ) ‪ & T u AB (t‬ا‪ 0,5) .:&K‬ن(‬
‫‪ (7‬او‪ -‬ا
; د ا‪ , 7‬ا* ‪ ?$‬ا  ) ‪A HE u AB (t‬د ا
ار ا
‪NC‬ول ‪
> :9‬د ا‪ 66‬ت‪ 0,5) .‬ن(‬
‫‪ (8‬ا! ا‪ &U‬أن ه‪ W‬اارة ‪ :(
 L‬ا;
? ‪ $‬ا  ‪
 ، La‬ذا؟ ا!ح  ) ‪ 9 C‬ا‪G9 &U‬‬
‫‪ 0,25) .H?(%& A‬ن(‬
‫‪ AB – C‬ا@? ا>‪.‬‬
‫ا‪ MAL ،&U‬ا ا‪ :& 8/‬ا

(‪ :‬إ‪ ?- + ,‬ز ارة ا

‪ / X 
;C‬ا‪ 66‬ت‪.‬‬
‫‪ (9‬ا‪3‬ح دور ها ا? ز &‪ :‬ا ‪ A‬ا= !؟ )‪ 0,25‬ن(‬
‫‪ Z7/ );/ (10‬ا
 د ا
‪ *+ 
;C‬اارة‪J & ،‬ات ) ‪ L6 u AB (t‬ا‪ / [ ;6 :&K‬ا‪ 66‬ت‪ 0,25) .‬ن(‬
‫‪ (11‬أ‪ ); 59‬اور ا ص ‪ T0‬و ادد ا ص ‪ 025) . N 0‬ن(‬
‫‪ (12‬اارة ا
‪ )(
6 =)& 66‬ا‪ X‬ت اي ‪ $‬ل ا
‪ -‬ا(?‪ ] 6‬إ‪  [ - & G‬ذات دد ‪ 0,25) . N 0‬ن(‬
‫أ ‪ -‬ا‪ ، N 0 `CA‬ه  ا‪ @+‬ها ادد ا  ‪ 0,5) L= 0.1H *=;/ .La‬ن(‬
‫ب‪ & -‬ا
آ) ا‪(a‬و‪ /‬ا* 
(‪ X$ ?
! 5), :‬ل ‪ G9‬ا  ‪La‬؟ ‪ - 9‬ا‪ 0,25) .b6‬ن(‬
‫ج ‪ 9 L 5)d/ -‬ا
 ‪ & ، 232mH‬ا  ا
 ا‪ X‬درة ‪ :9‬ا? ز‪ 0,5) .‬ن(‬
‫('‪ E‬ا‪4#%‬‬
 (‫ن‬4) ‫ت‬H‫ا‬
I ‫اه‬#KL 4‫ د‬4+ I λ = 768nm 1%H( ‫از ?ل‬%( ‫د ان‬P‫ أ‬B (P AR ‫زر‬N ‫ز‬1H K‫ "ا‬-
1>T‫ ا‬I FS'@; D >>a2 ، D>>a1 VP 4+R‫ ا‬4( D=2,5m ;R( I  WX .a 1>a2 VP a2‫ و‬a1 ‫ا‬%‫ا‬

.Y"‫ا‬H F ‫ء؟‬X >%R‫ر ا‬%[‫ (أ ا‬E>'% F‫ن أ( ه‬0,75 (1

.Y F+ E;‫ اا‬F+‫ )أ(و)ب(ا‬4+‫ ا‬4" 4( ‫د‬P ‫] ؟‬P^‫ة ا‬#‫ن ب( ( ه ا]ه‬0,75

.‫ آ‬، L = 20mm 1B# B >" ‫ ا‬I ‫ ;@ه‬a1 `#KL ‫ي‬b‫ ا‬YR" c%'‫ و‬a2 ‫وي‬R `#KL ‫ي‬b‫ ا‬YR‫ ا‬F (2
.2 >T‫ ا‬d@=

. ‫ه‬#= A ‫ أ‬T ، θ ‫ف‬# (‫ ن أ‬0,5

. ‫( ب‬1 :‫ال‬fR‫ ا‬$% 4( ‫آ‬g= T D ‫ و‬λ ، L [" a1 #= ‫د‬P ، ‫ة‬#hi θ ‫ر‬% " (‫ب‬ ‫ن‬1
. a1 L k%@%‫ج( ا‬ ‫ن‬1

(‫ )ن‬3‫اء ا@و‬

. Pb ‫ص‬i#‫ ة ا‬I‫ إ‬Po ‫'ل ة ام‬%= (1
206
82
210
84

. n%%‫ (د ا‬o%‫ن أ( اآ‬0,5

:K . n%%‫ ا‬4 $=@‫ ا‬LK‫ ا‬MeV :‫ ب‬T ‫ل‬$" oRP‫ ن ب( ا‬0,5
، m( Po) = 210,04824u ، 1u = 1,66 × 10 −27 Kg ، c = 3 × 10 8 m / s ، e = 1,6 × 10 −19 C
. m( Pb) = 206,0385u ، m(α ) = 4,00394u
. ln a = f (t ) ‫ اا‬oRP 210
84 Po ‫ @ة‬a  )‫ ا@ط ا‬#h% (2

. e ln a = a : K. a #= ( ‫د‬P (‫ ن أ‬0,5

. dRP‫ ا‬T t1 / 2 3S@‫ ا‬# ‫ف‬# (‫ ن ب‬0,5
. mo = 10 g :‫ ه‬t = 0 ]'‫ @ ا‬1%%‫ آ‬210 84 Po ‫ ة ان‬4( @ #% (3

t = 1h ]'‫> @ ا‬%‫ ان ا‬%‫ آ‬oRP‫ ا‬، F%+ R@"  )‫ن ا@ط ا‬L ‫ل‬%" (‫ ن أ‬0,5
. t = 1h ]'‫> @ ا‬%‫ د ا@ى ا‬k%@%‫ ن ب(ا‬0,5
 ‫ا(
 ء )‪7‬ن(‪:‬‬
‫?ف ها ا
‪ :‬إ‪ G‬درا ‪ j
A 9 7‬ا‪ b / a‬وا‪ / &L‬ك & ا
ء و= ر >‪ j
A 5‬ا‪ b / a‬وا‪ / &F‬ك ‪*+‬‬
‫ا
ء‪.‬‬
‫‪ 
-‬ا  ت ‪ H‬ا‪ /‬زه ‪ 9‬در‪ -‬ا‪$‬ارة ‪. 25°C‬‬
‫‪ 6 E‬ا‪d
$‬‬ ‫ر&‪K‬ه ‬ ‫ا
‪K‬دو‪9 ! -‬ة‪j
A/‬‬
‫‪pK A = 4,7‬‬ ‫‪CH 3COOH / CH 3COO‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫أ ن ا‪ / a‬ات ‪ j
A/‬ا‪b / a‬‬
‫‪pK A = 9,2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪NH 4 / NH 3‬‬ ‫ا‪ / &F‬ك‪/‬أ ن ا‪ / &F‬م‬
‫‪pK A = 0‬‬ ‫‪H 3O + / H 2 O‬‬ ‫ا
ء‪/‬أ ن ا‪F‬آ‪ / C‬م‬
‫‪pK A = 1,4‬‬ ‫‪H 2 O / HO −‬‬ ‫أ ن ا?روآ‪/C‬ا
ء‬
‫‪-1‬ا‪$‬اء ا‪ r‬ء‪:‬‬
‫‪:1-1‬أ‪ ; 59‬ااء ا‪
 */ F‬ء‪ 0,25) .‬ن(‬
‫‪A:2-1‬د !
‪ 8‬ا‪ :& !U=/‬ا
;= ت ا‪ 0,25) .6 C‬ن(‬
‫‪ sP F = -2‬ا)!‪ W( Y‬اء‪.‬‬
‫‪ j
A d/ :1-2‬ا‪ b / a‬ا ‪ T‬إ‪ G‬ا
ء ‪ $& G9 X$+ ،‬ل ‪ V1 = 10ml 8
A S1‬وآ‪WK‬‬
‫‪ 0,25) . C1 = 2.10 −2 mol / l‬ن(‬
‫;=* ! س ‪ pH‬ا
‪ $‬ل ‪. pH 1 = 3,2 : S1‬‬
‫‪ :1-2‬اآ` &; د ‪ j
A 9 7‬ا‪ & b / a‬ا
ء‪ 0,25) .‬ن(‬
‫‪ (2-2‬ار‪ 5=& H‬ا?
 
‪K‬دو‪ -‬أ ن ا‪ / a‬ات‪ j
A/‬ا‪ b / a‬وا‪ n‬ا ع ا
?
‪ *+ :‬ا
‪ $‬ل ‪ 0,5) . S1‬ن(‬
‫‪A (3-2‬د ام ا? ]* ‪ j
A 9 7 x1 f‬ا‪ & b / a‬ا
ء‪ :(
) .‬ا‪6 / ;L‬ول ام(‪ 0,5) .‬ن(‬
‫‪ ! (4-2‬رن ‪ x1 f‬وام ا‪ x1 m GX!F‬إذا آ ن ا‪ $‬ل آ ‪ 0,25) .‬ن(‬
‫‪ (5-2‬ا‪ )C/ n‬ام ا? ]* ‪ 0,25) .9 7‬ن(‬
‫‪ (6-2‬ه ا & ا‪ / & +‬ا‪NC‬ال‪2-2‬؟ ‪ - 9‬ا‪ 0,25) .b6‬ن(‬
‫‪ F = (3‬ا‪(r‬ك (‪ W‬اء‪:‬‬
‫‪−2‬‬
‫‪r6 d$/‬ذا‪ ' 6‬ز ا‪ / &F‬ك ‪ *+‬ا
ء &‪ V2 = 10ml 8
A S 2 L $‬وآ‪ ! *=; . C 2 = 10 mol / l WK‬س ‪pH‬‬
‫ا
‪ $‬ل ‪ S 2‬ا
 ‪. pH 2 = 10,6‬‬
‫‪ :1-3‬اآ` &; د ‪ 9 7‬ا‪ / &F‬ك & ا
ء‪ 0,25) .‬ن(‬

‫‪ (2-3‬ار‪ 5=& H‬ا?

 
‪K‬دو‪ -‬ا‪ / &F‬ك‪/‬أ ن ا‪ / &F‬م ‪ .‬وا‪ n‬ا ع ا
?
‪ *+ :‬ا
‪ $‬ل ‪ 0,5) . S 2‬ن(‬
‫‪A (3-3‬د ام ا? ]* ‪ j
A 9 7 x 2 f‬ا‪ & b / a‬ا
ء‪ :(
) .‬ا‪6 / ;L‬ول ام(‪ 0,5) .‬ن(‬
‫ه ا & ا‪ / & +‬ا‪NC‬ال‪2-3‬؟ ‪ - 9‬ا‪.b6‬‬
‫‪K= (4‬ر ‪ sP Au‬ا)!‪ Y‬وا‪(r‬ك ; اء‪:‬‬
 ،‫ ك‬/ &F‫ ا‬:& 10 −4 mol ‫ و‬b / a‫ ا‬j
A :& 2.10 −4 mol / l ‫ ا
ء‬G‫ إ‬+ ,r6 V = 20ml 8
A S L $& d$/
:‫ ذي ا
; د‬9 7 6 [ $‫ ل ا‬$‫
ج ا‬/
+
CH 3 COOH + NH 3 CH 3 COO − + NH 4
( aq ) ( aq ) ( aq ) ( aq )

(‫ ن‬0,25) .])‫  ا‬$‫* ا‬+ 9


 Qr ,i 9 7‫` > رج ا‬CA‫ ا‬:1- 4
(‫ ن‬0,5) ‫؟‬nC ‫& ذا‬، Qr ,eq ‫ و‬Qr ,i ‫ ! رن‬:2-4
(‫ ن‬0,5) .(‫ول ام‬6 / ;L‫ ا‬:(
) .9 7 x3 f *] ?‫ ام ا‬L6 Qr ,eq :9 )9 :3-4
:-‫دو‬K
‫ ا‬:& ( )C 6 ] ?‫  ا‬$‫* ا‬+ ‫ ا
دة‬XA :& !U=/‫ ا‬:9‫ آ ؟‬9

‫ ل ا‬$ ‫) ر‬9‫ ا‬:(
 ‫ ه‬:4-4
+
S ‫ ل‬$
‫ ا‬pH >s ‫ 
ذا‬C+. S ‫ ل‬$
‫* ا‬+ 
?
‫ اع ا(
 ] ا‬/F‫ا‬، NH 4 / NH 3 ‫ و‬CH 3COOH / CH 3COO −
(‫ ن‬0,5) . ‫ ا ازن‬9 pH = 4,7 
‫ا‬
: >‫ ا‬X'‫ة ا‬#‫( ا‬5
=‫ ا‬6 ‫ ر‬d/ . C a = 10m.mol / l WK‫ آ‬b / a‫ ا‬j
A ‫ ل‬$& :& Va = 20ml
A ‫س‬s‫* آ‬+ d/
‫ ل‬$
‫ ا‬pH ، & - pH =‫ ا‬6 Z/‫ و‬Cb = 20m.mol / l WK‫ د م آ‬X‫ ا‬C‫ هروآ‬:& Vb
A A $
.+ ,‫; آ إ‬6 89 X$
‫ا‬
(‫ ن‬0,25) .9 ‫ ا‬d
$‫ ز ا
; ة ا‬/L 
;C
‫ & ا? ز ا)* ا‬:1-5
(‫ ن‬0,25) . ‫ ا
; ة‬9 7 ‫ اآ` &; د‬:2-5
(‫ ن‬0,25) .N+ (‫ ا‬G9 ‫ ل‬X$ 8+ ,‫ ا
 ! إ‬VbE H$‫` ا‬CA‫ ا‬:3-5
. pH = 4,8 G9 X$/ ‫ د م‬X‫ ا‬C‫ ل هروآ‬$& :& Vb = 5ml + ,‫ إ‬9 & - pH ‫? ز‬- ‫ ;
ل‬6 :4-5
(‫ ن‬0,5) . pKe = 14 :*=;/ . ‫ة‬9 !-j
A ‫ ا
; ة‬9 7 *] ?‫) ام ا‬C/ *‫ & ه‬-

.‫ = اة‬Yb"‫ و‬WL‫@ء ا‬v‫ إ‬FH‫ أ‬4( #$%‫'ن ا‬%([‫ ا‬WB‫ أن !ا (ا‬b(^%‫ة وا‬b=r‫ ا‬4( H# : ‫اء‬

SBIRO ABDELKRIM E-MAIL sbiabdou@yahoo.fr msn : sbiabdou@hotmail.fr

Correction

E= K>@‫ا‬ ‫ب‬$‫ا‬ L‫ر‬

‫ال‬fR‫ا‬
0.5 (1

Y2

Y1

0.5 E = u AB + u R : ‫ات‬#=%‫; ا‬B‫ن إ‬L (2

dq q
i= ‫ و‬u AB = ، u R = R.i :‫ أن‬
dt C
du AB 1 E
+ u AB = :(B) B%‫إذن اد ا‬
dt RC RC
0.5 t   −t 
 
(3
E ( − RC )
‫ و‬u AB (t ) = E 1 − e  RC   @
du AB 
= e
dt RC  
 
du AB
(B) ‫; اد‬ ‫ و‬u AB (t ) ‫و ض‬
dt
0.75 (4
 ‫=‪τ‬‬
‫و ] ‪[I ][T ] [U ] = [T‬‬ ‫=‪R‬‬
‫] ‪ C = [I ][T‬و ] ‪[U‬‬ ‫@ ‪ τ = RC‬و‬
‫] ‪[U ] [I‬‬ ‫] ‪[I‬‬ ‫] ‪[U‬‬
‫إذن ا>ار ‪ " d τ‬ز(@‪.‬‬
‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫) ‪u AB (V‬‬ ‫‪(5‬‬

‫)‪t(ms‬‬
‫‪τ‬‬
‫( ‪τ = 0.001ms : $‬‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫]م ا‪"b"b‬ت ‪ d‬دوري‪.‬‬ ‫‪(6‬‬
‫@>‪ y‬و‪ W‬ا‪"b"b‬ت "‪ oR‬و‪H‬د ا>و( ‪. R‬‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪L‬ن إ‪ ;B‬ا‪#=%‬ات ‪u AB = u R + u L :‬‬ ‫‪(7‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪d u AB R du AB u AB‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫اد ا‪: B%‬‬
‫‪dt 2‬‬ ‫‪L dt‬‬ ‫‪LC‬‬
‫‪du AB‬‬
‫أي‬ ‫ا‪ 4( L^K‬اد ا‪ o$ H #== I FS' + ، B%‬أن ‪+‬ن ((‪F‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪ . L ≠ 0 V'" R=0‬و"‪z; %‬ن ا>و( ‪ R‬ه ا‪fR‬و ‪u 4‬د ا‪"b"b‬ت‪.‬‬
‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫ا‪ K"#( 4" #=%‬ا‪S' H #v 3!+‬ل ‪#= I‬دد (‪ 4‬ا;‪ E‬ا@? ا>‪.‬‬ ‫‪(8‬‬
‫ا[‪#%L‬اح ا‪1H : #$%‬ز ا‪) S‬ا]‪ #‬ارس(‬
‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫دور ا‪1$‬ز ‪ s= ; 4+‬ا‪ LK‬ادة "ل ‪H‬ل ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(9‬‬
‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪(10‬‬

‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬

‫= ‪N0‬‬ ‫‪T0 = 2π LC‬‬
‫‪T0‬‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪La‬‬ ‫‪ N 0 = 502.8 Hz‬وه [ ا;‪#= E‬دد ا@?‬ ‫أ‪-‬‬
‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫" أن )‪; N 0 = f(L ,C‬ن ا‪#‬آ ا‪ 1KB 4+ %‬ه ((‪ s#'= F‬ا  أو‬ ‫ب‪-‬‬
‫ ا‪.3!+‬‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪ L=232mH‬و‪ dz; N 0 =330Hz‬ا;‪ E‬ا@? ا> ‪.Mi‬‬ ‫ج‪-‬‬

‫ا‪B‬ع ا! ; اء‪:‬ا‪H‬ت‬

‫‪(1‬أ( [ ‪( E>'%‬أ ا[‪%‬ر ا‪X >%R‬ء ‪r،‬ن " ا‪%H‬ز` ا‪ #%@ YR‬ا‪X‬ء ; ‪ WH‬ا[=‪$‬هت ;@'‪ I FS‬ا>‪0,75 W‬‬
‫اهة ; ا‪.1 %>T‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ب(ه‪ `b‬ا]ه‪#‬ة =‪ : IR‬ه‪#‬ة ا'د‪.‬‬
‫آ آن ‪ #KL‬ا‪#hi YR‬ا آ ‪+‬ن ‪#‬ض ا> ا‪#‬آ أآ‪.#‬‬
‫وا‪) F+‬ب( ا;‪ E‬ا‪ YR‬ا‪b‬ي ‪R `#KL‬وي ‪. 0,75 a1‬‬ ‫و"‪ :%‬ا‪ )F+‬أ( ا;‪ E‬ا‪ YR‬ا‪b‬ي ‪R `#KL‬وي ‪. a 2‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ (2‬أ( ‪ : θ‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺯﺍﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﺒﻘﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻭل ﺒﻘﻌﺔ ﻤﻅﻠﻤﺔ ‪.‬ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل‪.‬‬
 ‫‪λ‬‬
‫‪0,5‬‬ ‫= ‪ θ‬وو‪ 1=P‬ا‪#‬ادن ‪rad‬‬ ‫و=‪#‬ه ه‪:‬‬
‫‪a1‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪2λ D‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪λ‬‬ ‫‪L/2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪a1‬‬ ‫و(@‪: d‬‬ ‫= ‪tgθ ≈ θ‬‬ ‫= ‪ R@" tgθ‬وا ا‪#hS‬ة =‬ ‫ب( (‪^u 4‬ل ا‪ F+‬ا‪: E"R‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪2 D a1‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫^‪ cP‬أن ‪ #KL‬ا‪# W( R+ o@% YR‬ض ا> ) آ آن ‪#‬ض ا> ا‪#‬آ آ‪#‬ا آ آن ‪ #KL‬ا‪#hi YR‬ا(‪.‬‬
‫‪ L1 > L2‬و"‪ %‬ا‪ )F+‬أ( اا;‪r E‬آ‪# #‬ض > ا;‪ E‬ا‪ YR‬ذو أ‪ #KL #hi‬أي ‪ . a 2‬وا‪ ) F+‬ب( ا;‪. a1 E‬‬
‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪2λD 2. × 768.10 −9‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪a1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−3‬‬
‫ج( ت‪.‬ع‪× 2,5 = 192.10 − 6 m .‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪20.10‬‬
‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ا‪B‬ع ا!‪ ; V‬اء‪:‬اء ا@و‪:‬‬

‫‪210‬‬
‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪Po→ 206‬‬
‫‪82 Pb + Z x‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪( (1‬د ا‪: n%%‬‬
‫‪A=4‬‬ ‫⇐‬ ‫@ ‪ :‬ا'ظ د ا'@‪210 = 206 + A :‬‬
‫‪Z =2‬‬ ‫⇐‬ ‫ا‪ 7$/‬ظ ‪9‬د ا(‪84 = 82 + Z :‬‬
‫إذن ا! ا
); ه* د! ‪ α‬وه* ‪ /‬اة ا? م ‪. 2 He :‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫&; د ا‪82 Pb + 2 He : u7‬‬

‫‪Po→ 206‬‬
‫‪210‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪84‬‬

‫‪-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪ $ )C 6 (2‬ل‪:‬‬
‫‪210‬‬
‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪Po→ 206‬‬
‫‪82 Pb + 2 He‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫@ ‪:‬‬
‫‪E = ∆m.c = [(m( Pb) + m( He) − m( Po)].c = [(206,0385 + 4,0039 − 210,0482)]u × c ≈ −5,8 × 10 u × c 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬

‫‪= −5,8 × 10 −3 × 1,66 × 10 −27 Kg × [3.10 8 m / s ] ≈ 8,67 × 10 −13 J‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪(3‬ﺍﳌﻨﺤﲎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺗﻐﲑﺍﺕ ‪ ln a‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ t‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻻ ﳝﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ ‪).‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ(‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺗﻮﺏ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺻﻞ ‪.6,9‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪ln a = k .t + 6,9 :‬‬

‫‪(ln a) B − (ln a) A‬‬ ‫‪6,9 − 5,9‬‬

‫=‪k‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= −5 × 10 −3 Jours −1‬‬
‫‪tB − t A‬‬ ‫‪(0 − 200) J‬‬

‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪e ln a = e ( −5.10‬‬ ‫)‪t +6,9‬‬
‫"‪z‬د‪u‬ل دا ا‪v‬ر‪ %‬ا‪#‬ي ‪ ;#? I‬ه‪ `b‬ا‪R%‬و =‪: S‬‬ ‫‪ln a = −5.10 −3.t + 6,9‬‬
 −3
e a +b = e a × e b : ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ‬ a = e ( −5.10 t +6,9 )
:‫ﺃﻱ‬
−3
a = 992 × e − 5 .10
−3
a = e 6,9 × e −5.10 :‫إذن‬
.t .t
:‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬

λ = 5.10 −3 Jours −1 : ‫ ﳒﺪ‬، ‫ﺇﺫﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ a = ao.e−λ.t : ‫( ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬4
ln 2 ln 2
t1 / 2 = = s ≈ 138 Jours : ‫ م‬/  )‫  اة ا‬X‫
 ا‬9
=
λ 5.10 Jours −1 −3

---------------------------------------------------------------------
N = N O e − λ .t : ‫ ﻫﻮ‬t ]' @ >%‫( " أن د ى ا@ ا‬5
mo
NO = .N A : ‫ ﻫﻮ‬mo 1%%‫د ا@ى ; @ آ‬
M
m
N= .N A : ‫ ﻫﻮ‬m 1%%‫و د ا@ى ; @ آ‬
M
ln 2 m m
λ= : ‫ ﻣﻊ‬m = mo e − λ .t :‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺰﺍﻝ‬ .N A = o .N A .e −λ .t :I‫و‬r‫ ا‬L^‫ ; ا‬s%"
t1 / 2 M M
:  ‫ور‬#( " >%‫ ا@ ا‬%‫آ‬
ln 2 ln 2
− ×t − ×1
m = mo e = 10 g × e ≈ 9,95 g t1 / 2 138

( 140 ‫ رب‬ 210

84 Po ‫ م‬/  ) X‫
 ا‬9 ‫ن &د‬F 50mg ‫ أي‬0,05 g ‫  ى‬:&K‫ ا‬:& 9  ;6 u7 H 8/‫أي أ‬

:‫ء‬+‫ع ا‬B(

[ ][
k = H 3O . HO − (1-1 (1
+
]
............ ..............................................................................................................................................................
+
H 2 O + H 2 O → H 3 O + HO − : H 2 O / HO − :H‫ دو‬R@" (2-1


(l ) (l ) ( aq ) ( aq )

k = k A = ke = 10 −14

............ ..............................................................................................................................................................

CH 3COOH + H 2 O CH 3 COO − + H 3O + :1-2 (2

............ ..............................................................................................................................................................
. CH 3COOH s'‫ ا‬41 ، PH < PK A ⇐ pK A = 4,7 ‫و‬ pH = 3,2 : @ (2-2
.............................................................................................................................................................................
: ‫>م‬%‫ول ا‬H (3-2
CH 3 COOH + H 2 O CH 3 COO + H 3O − + ‫اد‬
C1V1 ‫ة‬#;" 0 0 ‫ا' ا‬
C1V1 − x1 ‫ة‬#;" x1 x1 ‫'ل‬%‫@ء ا‬T‫أ‬
− PH
(C1 − 10 ).V1 ‫ة‬#;" −
10 .V1PH −
10 .V1PH 1@‫ا' ا‬

x1 f = 10 − pH = 6,3.10 −6 mol
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.‫ آ‬#v ‫'ل‬%‫ ا‬x1 < x1 max : ‫ و" أن‬x1. max = C1 .V1 = 2.10 −4 mol. : 4-2
.............................................................................................................................................................................
x1 f
τ1 = = 0,03 = 3% : 5-2
x1 max
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.Y!)‫ ا‬sP ‫ ه‬41‫ إذن ا@ع ا‬، Y!)‫ ا‬sP 4( 3% A>; n = :6-2
.............................................................................................................................................................................
(3
 +
NH 3 + H 2 O NH 4 + HO − (1-3
.............................................................................................................................................................................
. NH 3 ‫ ا> ة‬41= ، PH > PK A ⇐ pK A = 9,2 ‫و‬ pH = 10,6 :@:2-3
.............................................................................................................................................................................
:3-3
NH 3 + H 2 O
+
NH 4 + HO − ‫اد‬
C 2V2 ‫ة‬#;" 0 0 ‫ا' ا‬
C 2V2 − x 2 ‫ة‬#;" x2
x 1
x2 ‫'ل‬%‫@ء ا‬T‫أ‬
Ke ‫ة‬#;" Ke.V2 Ke.V2 1@‫ا' ا‬
(C 2 − − pH ).V2
10 10 − pH 10 − pH
ke.V2
− pH ke
τ 2 = 10 = − pH = 0,04 = 4%
C 2 .V2 10 .C 2
.............................................................................................................................................................................
+
CH 3 COOH + NH 3 NH 4 + CH 3 COO − (4
( aq ) ( aq ) ( aq ) ( aq )

[CH 3COOH ]i .[NH 4 + ]i

= =0 :1-4
Q r ,i
[CH 3COO − ].[NH 3 ]i
Qr ,i = 0 : ‫إذن‬.‫(م وأت ا)!ات ; ا'ل ; ا' ا‬r‫ ات ا‬H= [
.............................................................................................................................................................................
:2-4
K A1
.(1) ‫ أي‬#‫ ا‬I'@‫  ; ا‬$‫ر ا‬K%= Qr , éq = K = = 3,2.10 4 > Qr ,i
KA2
.............................................................................................................................................................................
:3-4
CH 3 COOH + NH 3
+
NH 4 + CH 3COO − ‫اد‬
2.10 −4 10 −4 0 0 ‫ا' ا‬
−4
2.10 − x3 −4
10 − x3 x
x3 1
x3 ‫'ل‬%‫@ء ا‬T‫أ‬
2.10 −4
− x3 f 10 −4
− x3 f x3 f x3 f 1@‫ا' ا‬

2
x3 f
Qr ,éq = −4
= 3,2.10 4
(2.10 − x3 f )(10
4
− x3 f )
.o #v‫ ( و‬x ≤ 10 −4 ) ‫>م‬%‫ن ا‬+ ‫ أن‬o$ E;‫ اا‬F'‫ ا‬4+. 4P 1 !‫ ا‬H‫ ار‬4( ‫ (د‬I FS'
. x3 f = 10 −4 mol : I FS'
.............................................................................................................................................................................
. ‫ آ‬F %‫ ا‬τ 3 = 1 ⇐ NH 3 ‫ ا' ه‬F %‫ن ا‬r x3 f = 10 −4 mol = x max :4-4
‚@" ‫ان‬H‫ا‬% Y!)‫ ا‬sP ‫ƒت‬H‫ "@ أت ا)!ات و‬.‫ آ‬#>= I%u‫ن ا[(ك ا‬r ‫(م ; ا'ل‬r‫ أت ا‬41=
PH = pK A1 = 4,7 Yb ‫ ; ا'ل‬+‫ا‬
.............................................................................................................................................................................
: >‫ ا‬X'‫ة ا‬#‫( ا‬5
.‫ ارس‬#]‫ ا‬:1-5
.............................................................................................................................................................................
:‫ة‬#‫ ا‬F = :2-5
CH 3COOH + HO − → CH 3COO − + H 2 O

.............................................................................................................................................................................
:@ f;+%‫ @ ا‬:3-5
 C A .V A
VBE = = 10ml ⇐ C AV A = C B .V BE
CB

.............................................................................................................................................................................
:I FS'. ‫>م‬%‫ول ا‬$" %[‫ ا‬4+ :4-5
ni (CH 3COOH ) = C A .V A = 10.10 −3.20.10 −3 = 2.10 −4 mol / l
n( HO − ) = C B .VB = 20.10 −3.5.10 −3 = 10 −4 mol / l
CH 3 COOH + HO −
CH 3COO − + H 2 O ‫اد‬
2.10 −4 10 −4 0 0 ‫ا' ا‬
2.10 −4 − x 10 −4 − x x 1
x x ‫'ل‬%‫@ء ا‬T‫أ‬
2.10 −4
−x 10 −4
− xf xf xf 1@‫ا' ا‬
f

. HO − ‫ ا' ه‬F %‫⇐ ا‬ ni ( HO − ) < ni (CH 3COOH )

. x max = ni ( HO − ) = 10 −4 mol :%"‫و‬

[HO ] = [H10 O ] = 10
−14 −14
− 10
+ − 4 ,8
= 6,31.10 −10 mol / l ⇐ pH = 4,8 : F %‫ ا‬1 @
3
−4
− xf
xf = [HO ].(V + V ) + x
−
= 10 −4 mol / l : d@(‫و‬ [HO ] = 10V
−
:‫ول‬$‫^ل ا‬u 4(‫و‬
+ VB
A B f
A

xf 10 −4
. ‫ة آ‬#‫ ا‬F = %"‫ و‬τ = = =1
x max 10 − 4
:‫م‬%„‫و; ا‬

'S%" ‫ ا>م‬I 1‫ =و‬I Yb‫ع وآ‬B‫ا ا‬b‫ ها ; إ اد ه‬4b‫  ا او ا‬T ; ‫ة اء‬b=‫ أ‬#+
. $‫ا‬
.‫ = اة‬Yb"‫ و‬WL‫@ء ا‬v‫ إ‬FH‫ أ‬4( #$%‫'ن ا‬%([‫ ا‬WB‫ أن !ا (ا‬b(^%‫ة وا‬b=r‫ ا‬4( H# : ‫اء‬

SBIRO ABDELKRIM E-MAIL sbiabdou@yahoo.fr msn : sbiabdou@hotmail.fr