ADVANCE N 1

PACKING MACHINE

YARITH PAOLA LPEZ RUIZ

DANIEL FELIPE PARALES CAMACHO
FABIO ANDRES FELIPE VILLAMIL MORA
OSCAR ALBERTO VELASQUEZ CARO

TEACHER:
JOSE LUIS RUBIANO

UNIVERSITY OF THE SALLE

ELECTROMECHANICAL MACHINES
2015

INTRODUCTION:
Currently, potato production is an important means of profit for all kinds of
companies, from the macro as frito-lay, to micro-enterprises, as small marks. In the
market its elaboration and its preparation is a problem that must be addressed in
small Colombian industry. The obligation to design, develop and manufacture
different types of packaging machines with large production capacity of packaging
to the specific industry and the rules governing the packaging of food has been due
to the need to preserve them in good condition for long periods and the constant
increase in both supply and demand.
Companies how they pack their products, it is inefficient and uneconomic since the
majority of small-scale balers are empirical; made to operate manually, without
adequate safety standards. In addition it does not offer enough information about
the machine. What it sought to solve through new alternatives raised, as well as
design, innovation and cost-cutting.
The project is just one stage of the machine processing of potato chip and will
constitute an essential part of the process, generating more quickly in the process
and giving a contribution of additional technology to the process improving the
quality, marketing machine and toilet products, quality.
The packing machine consists of a mechanical part and electronic part, where the
use of electric motors is the most important thing and with their respective
transmission systems. Is electronically controlled the level of temperature
resistance sealing of bags; additional sensors that we allow one to detect the
product for its packaged cash.
Packing in general machines them are equipped with a flexible material such as
paper or film of polyethylene and polypropylene, which are transformed through a
neck or tube trainer to tubular shape, which is sealed and packed in regular
periods.
Having as main objective the design, manufacture and implementation of stage of
packaged in one machine processing of potato Chip, we find specific objectives
such as:

Inquire about designs of packaging machines and get to a criterion of

selection.

Understand the criteria for selection of engines for the selection of these
with the characteristics necessary for the design of the machine.

Design stage of packaging, taking into account the parameters and the
constraint of space imposed.

Combining, in a single unit, packing materials and product packing.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Electric motor
The electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy by means of the action of magnetic fields generated in the coils.
They are electrical machines Rotary composed by a stator and . rotor
Electric motors are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical
energy. The middle of this transformation of energy in electric motors is the
magnetic field. There are different types of electric motors and each type
has different components whose structure determines the interaction of
electric and magnetic flows originating force or torque of the motor.
The fundamental principle that describes how it is that it originates a force
by the interaction of an electric charge point q in electric and magnetic fields
is the law of lorentz:

Where:
Point electrical load
Electric field
Speed of the particle
Density of magnetic field
In the case of a purely electric field expression of the equation boils a:

Force in this case is determined only by the load and by the electrical field.
It is the force of Coulomb acting along the driver causing the electrical flow,
for example in the windings of the stator of induction machines or in the rotor
of the DC motors.
In the case of a purely magnetic field:

The force is determined by the load, the density of magnetic field and the
load speed . This force is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the
direction of the load speed. Normally there are many loads in movement for
what they should rewrite the expression in terms of charge density and
then gets force density (force per unit volume):

To the product
meter):

It is known as current density (amperes per square

Then the resulting expression describes the force produced by the

interaction of the current with a magnetic field:
This is a basic principle that explains how the forces originating in
electromechanical systems such as electric motors. However, the full
description for each type of electric motor depends on its construction
and its components.

Transmission system

Is called a mechanical transmission to a mechanism responsible for

transmitting power between two or more elements in one machine.
In the majority of cases, these transmissions are made via rotating
elements, since the transmission of energy by rotation occupies much less
space than that by translation.
A mechanical transmission is a form of Exchange mechanical energy
different transmissions pneumatic or hydraulic, since to exercise its function
it uses the motion of solid bodies, such as gears and drive belts.

The most common forms of transmission include:

o
o

o
o
o
o
o
o

Bars in articulated mechanisms as the mathematical or the

mechanism of crank.
Cables most only work to traction , although there are special cables
to transmit other kinds of efforts such as the torque wires or towpath
Gears.
Friction wheels , which transmits movement perimeter, as the wheels
a vehicle.
Friction discs , transmitting axial movement, as a disk of clutch.
Cotter pins and spline shaft
Joints gimbal and CV joints
Camshaft
Pulleys

Mechanical variators

Drive controller of step adjustable: this device employs pulleys and

belts in which the diameter of one or more pulleys can be modified.
o Converter of traction: transmits power through metal rollers.
Input/output speed ratio is adjusted by moving the rollers to change
the areas of contact between them and the gear ratio as well.

Electric-electronics variable: There are four categories of variable electricelectronics speed:

o Inverters for DC engines.
o Eddy current drives.
o Sliding variable.
o Drives for AC motors (also known as variable frequency drives).

Drives for DC motors

These drives enable you to control the speed of motors of DC series, shunt,
compound and permanent magnets. The variable speed drives are devices that
allow you to vary the speed of a motor electrically controlled. In the case of any of
the above machines the following expression is true:

Donde
Es el Voltaje terminal (V).
Es la constante de la mquina.
Flujo magntico producido por el campo (Wb)
Velocidad mecnica (rpm).
Despejando la velocidad mecnica, se obtiene:

Then, it can be seen that the mechanical speed of a DC motor is directly

proportional to the terminal voltage (VT) and inversely proportional to the magnetic
flux (FM), which in turn depends on the current (IF) field. Taking advantage of this
situation is that this type of drives can control the speed of a DC motor: controlling
its terminal voltage, either by manipulating the value of the current field.

Eddy current drives

A variable speed Eddy-current drive consists of a fixed speed motor and a clutch of
Eddy currents. The clutch contains a fixed speed rotor (coupled with the engine)
and a variable speed rotor, separated by a small air gap. It boasts, in addition, a
field coil, whose current can be regulated, which produces a magnetic field that will
determine the transmitted mechanical pair of input to output rotor rotor. In this way,
greater intensity of magnetic field, greater torque and speed transmitted, and a
lower magnetic field under will be the torque and speed on the output rotor. The
output of this type of variable speed control is usually performed through closed
loop, using an AC tachometer as feedback element.

Inverters for AC motors

Variable frequency drives (AFD acronyms, English Adjustable Frequency Drive,

VFD Variable Frequency or Drive) provide speed control of motors induction
(asynchronous squirrel cage and wound rotor), and synchronous motors by
adjusting supply frequency of the motor.
These drives maintain the ratio voltage / frequency (V / Hz) constant between the
minimum and maximum frequency of operation, in order to avoid magnetic
saturation of the core engine and because the fact operate a motor at a voltage
constant above a given frequency (reducing the V / Hz) of the engine torque
decreases and the ability thereof to provide constant output power.

Power
Electrical power is the pitch ratio of energy flow per unit time; ie, the amount of
energy delivered or absorbed by an element within a given time. The unit in the
International System of Units is the watt (watt).
In direct current (DC)
When a direct current (DC) electric power output at a certain instant by a twoterminal device, is the product of the potential difference between said terminals
and the intensity of current passing through the device. For this reason the power
is proportional to the current and voltage.

In alternating current (AC)

In the case of sinusoidal alternating current (AC), the average electrical power
developed by a two-terminal device is a function of the effective values or mean
square values of the potential difference between the terminals and the current that
passes through the device.
A circuit if a sinusoidal voltage v (t) is applied with angular velocity w peak value so
V_0

BIBLIOGRAFIA
1.

Fitzgerald, A.E., Kinglsley, C., Umans, S., Electric Machinery, sexta Edicin, Mc.Graw Hill,
International Edition 2003, ISBN 0-07-112193-5.

2. Cowie, Charles J. (2001). Adjustable Frequency Drive Application Training. Powerpoint

presentation. Excerpts donated to Wikipedia by the author.
3. Phipps, Clarance A. (1997). Variable Speed Drive Fundamentals. The Fairmont Press,
Inc. ISBN 0-88173-258-3.
4. Spitzer, David W. (1990). Variable Speed Drives. Instrument Society of America. ISBN
1-55617-242-7.
5. Campbell, Sylvester J. (1987). Solid-State AC Motor Controls. New York: Marcel
Dekker, Inc.. ISBN 0-8247-7728-X.
6. Jaeschke, Ralph L. (1978). Controlling Power Transmission Systems. Cleveland, OH:
Penton/IPC.
7. Siskind, Charles S. (1963). Electrical Control Systems in Industry. New York: McGrawHill, Inc.. ISBN 0-07-057746-3.