Chapter 12 Review

1. List the 4 general components of blood and their general functions.

Red blood cells – transports gases (mainly oxygen) throughout the body
White blood cells – protect against diseases
Plasma – transports nutrients, gases, vitamins; regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
Platelets – close breaks in damaged blood vessels and initiate blood clots
2. List 3 things transported by blood.
Oxygen, nutrients, waste, and hormones
3. What is the liquid portion of blood called?
Plasma
4. How much blood does the average human have?
10 pints
5. What is another term for Red Blood Cell?
Erythrocytes
6. Why do RBCs lose their nucleus?
To provide more space for hemoglobin
7. What kind of genetic disorder is Sickle Cell Anemia and why is it such a dangerous disease?
Autonomic recessive disorder
The sickle cell shape (banana) of the red blood cell blocks circulation in small blood vessels which
causes joint pain and damages many organs and can lead to infection.
8. Where are RBCs made after birth?
the red bone marrow
9. What is another name for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
10. List the 5 types of white blood cells. What are the functions of eosinophils?
neurophiles
Eosinophils - help control inflammation and allergic reactions by removing biochemicals associated
with these reactions
Basophils
Monocytes
lymphocytes
11. What is a normal WBC?
5,000
12. What may a high WBC count indicate?
Infection
13. What is another name for platelets? What is the function of platelets?
Thrombocytes; initiate formation of blood clots and close breaks in damaged blood vessels
14. Differentiate a Thrombus from an Embolus.
Thrombus - a blood forming in a vessel
Embolus - a clot that dislodges or a fragment of a clot that breaks loose and is carried away by the
blood flow
15. What are the genotypes for people with type A, B, O and AB blood?
Type A - AA, AO
Type B - BB, BO
Type O - OO
Type AB - AB
16. What kind of blood can people with each of the 4 blood types receive?
Blood type A - preferably A; O acceptable
Blood type B - preferably B; O acceptable
Blood type AB - preferably AC; A, B, O acceptable
Blood type O - just O

17. Show on a punnett square the possible blood types of the offspring of the following
AXO
 A A

O AO AO

O AO AO

A X AB

A A

A AA AA

B AB AB

AXB

A A

B AB AB

B AB AB

AB X O

A B

O AO BO

O AO BO

18. In which category of blood disorder would you find each of the following disorders?
Sickle Cell Anemia - anemia
Sperocytosis - anemia
Von Willebrand disease - clotting
Leukemia - cancer
Hemophilia - clotting