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cal ambiguity.
Therefore, in this paper a new algorithm on monitor
positioning is developed. The coverage matrix is constructed
and the principles of monitor positioning are suggested.
Following these principles, the weighting factors of each
component are defined. Finally, this method newly defined
ambiguity indices. At the end of this paper, the overall
algorithm for monitor positioning is developed.
I. INTRODUCTION
13
Equivalent
source
(1)
Transformer
(n) Bus
(2)
2
6
(3)
(4)
7
Line
Load
(5)
10
(6)
12
9
11
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B. Tree Representation
(1)
1
(2)
(4)
(3)
Node
Element
13
(n)
8 (5) 10 (6)
11
12
(0)
Fig. 2 Graph representation of example system
L4
L3
e\n
1
2
3
4
Element node
incidence =
matrix
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1 1
0 1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 0 0 0
1
0 0 0
1
0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 1
0 0
0 1 1 0
0 0 1
0
0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(1)
Bus incidence
matrix
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Parent of
L4 & L5
L5
L6
L7
L8
L9
L10
L10
L4
L5
L7
L8
L12
L9
Descendants of L6
L11
L12
L11
(a)
(b)
0 1 1 0 0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0 0 1
0 0
0
0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0
0 1
0
0 1 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 1
1
0
0
0 0 1
L3
Children of L3
L2
1
2
3
L6
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
Parent of
L2 , L3 & L6
Child of L1
L2
Internal system
L1
L1
Child of L1
(2)
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which are the descendants of L1 are all set to +1, that is, a21 ~
a12 1 are all +1. For M2 is installed at L3, a32 is +1. Because L4
and L5 are the descendants of L3, a42 and a52 are also +1.
Similarly, other elements of matrix are determined.
c \ m M1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5 M 6 M 7
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
Direction of
Power flow
Coverage matrix = L6
L7
L8
Monitor
L9
L10
Down Area
L3
L2
Internal system
L1
M2 M3
M4
L4
Ln : Line
Mn : Monitor
L6
M5
L5
L7
L10
L8
M6 L9
L12
M7 L11
L11
L12
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ 1 1 + 1 1 1 1
+ 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 + 1 1 1 1 1
1 + 1 1 + 1 1 1
1 + 1 1 1 1 1
1 + 1 1 1 + 1 1
1 + 1 1 1 1 1
1 + 1 1 1 1 + 1
1 + 1 1 1 1 1
(3)
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Load
Main feeder
L2
(C21 , Lo)
Lateral line
L3
(C22 , La)
L4
(C31 , Lo)
L5
(C32 , Lo)
L6
(C23 , Mf)
L7
(C41 , Lo)
Component Property
L8
(C42 , Mf)
L9
(C51 , Lo)
L10
(C52 , Mf)
Mf : Main feeder
La : Lateral line
Lo : Load
L11
(C61 , Lo)
L12
(C62 , Lo)
Principle 1 & 3
M1
Principle 1
i =
L1
L3
L2
M2 M3
M4
L4
L6
M5
L5
L7
L10
L8
ij =
Principle
1&2
M6 L9
L12
M7 L11
Bi
A
Dij
(4)
(5)
Ci
1
B , if cij is not load and has minimum
i
ij =
weighting ( i ij ) among all cij of bus i
1 , others or if c = c
ij
11
(6)
(7)
A = Ni
i =1
Bi =
Nk
(8)
k = i & descendant
bus of ith bus
i
i
i
Ci = wMf N Mf
+ wLa N La
+ wLo N Lo
wMf ,
Dij = wLa ,
w
Lo ,
where,
i : bus number
j : child number at a bus
n : total number of bus
N i : total number of child at bus i
i : number of main feeder at bus i
N Mf
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(9)
(10)
5
i : number of lateral line at bus i
N La
STA =
k
ND
(11)
for k ,
all sections
n
N
i =1
k
max N ND
(12)
for k ,
all sections
n
SMA =
N
i =1
where,
k
: the number of components which cannot be
N ND
distinguished at section k
STA represents the ability to discriminate the location of
event source under the assumption that the event can happen
at all components. SMA represents the degree of how equally
the section is divided. Two indices are normalized by the total
number of components of the system. Using these two indices,
the System Average Ambiguity (SAA) can be calculated. SAA
has adopted the geometric mean to give smaller value when
the ambiguity is equally distributed all over the sections.
n
(13)
M1
Ambiguity happens! :
Violate (N-1) Criterion
L1
M2
L3
No
Its parent is ambiguous ?
No
Yes
M3
L6
L2
M4
L4
Yes
L5
L7
No
L10
L8
L9
L12
L11
No
End of section ?
Yes
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+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
Coverage matrix
=
of Fig .3.8
M1 M 2 M 3 M 4
L6
L7
L8
L9
L10
L11
L12
1 1 1
+ 1 1 1
1 + 1 1
1 + 1 1
1 + 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 + 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
(14)
12
k=k+1
NMmin = NMmax
No
No
= min
x ij
Ni
(
n
i =1
j =1
ij
ij xij )
Set SAAopt ,
NMopt , Xopt
Yes
Modify Xk
k>1
Yes
Equal Weight
Component?
(15)
No
No
NMk = NMmax
Yes
subject to
n
i =1 j =1
where,
i: bus number
j: component number
n: total number of bus
Ni: number of component at bus I
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7
799
L1
712 L
5
L2
L6
742
L7
L8
L4
705
L26
L32
728 L31 744
L29
L28
L30
732
L36
727
L38
775
L50
L52
736
L51
710
L11 L12
L13
L10 714
L25
L20
725
L17
718
L15
L14
731
L40
L47
737
L54
L55
738
L56
L57
L58
711
L60
741
L39
L46
734
L53
L48
740
L16
L44
733
L45
L59
L23
724
L
707 24
L18
L19
L9
L41
708
L42
722
L21
706
L35
730 713
L37
709
L27
L43
735
L49
704
702
703
729 L33
L34
701
L3
L22
720
L61
VII. REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
NM_opt
60
SAA and NM
opt
50
Optimum(10~20)
NMopt = 20
SAAopt = 8.7187
40
Optimum(20~61)
NMopt = 25
SAAopt = 0.0
[3]
[4]
30
20
[5]
10
[6]
0
1
11
16
21
26
NM max
[7]
[8]
VIII. BIOGRAPHIES
Dong-Jun Won (M 2005) received the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in
electrical engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea in 1998,
2000 and 2004 respectively. He is currently a post-doctoral fellow at APT
center, University of Washington..
Seon-Ju Ahn (S 2002) received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical
Engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea in 2002 and 2004,
respectively. He is currently Ph.D. student at Seoul National University.
Il-Yop Chung (S 2001) received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in
electrical engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea in 1999,
2001 and 2005 respectively. He is currently a post-doctoral fellow at Korea
University.
Seung-Il Moon (M 1993) received the B.S. degree in electrical
engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea in 1985. He
received the M.S. and Ph. D. degrees in electrical engineering from The Ohio
State University in 1989 and 1993, respectively. Currently, he is an associate
professor of school of electrical engineering and computer science at Seoul
National University.
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