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Liquefied Gas: (Liquid in Gas)

Liquefied gas (sometimes referred to as liquid gas) is a gas that has been turned into a liquid by cooling or
compressing it. Examples of liquefied gases include liquid air, liquefied natural gas, and liquefied petroleum
gas.

Liquefied natural gas:


Liquefied natural gas is natural gas that has been liquefied for the purpose of storage or transport. Since
transportation of natural gas requires a large network of pipeline that crosses through various terrains and
oceans, a huge investment and long term planning are required. Before transport, natural gas is liquefied by
pressurization. The liquefied gas is then transported through tankers with special airtight compartments. When
the tanks are opened and the liquid exposed to atmospheric pressure, the liquid boils off from the latent heat of
the air or its container

Liquid nitrogen:
Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen in a liquid state at an extremely low
temperature. It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of
liquid air. Liquid nitrogen is a colorless clear liquid with density of
0.807 g/ml at its boiling point and a dielectric constant of 1.43.
Liquid nitrogen is often referred to by the abbreviation, LN2 or
"LIN" or "LN" and has the UN number 1977. Liquid nitrogen is a
diatomic liquid meaning the diatomic character of the covalent N
bonding in N2 gas is retained even after liquefaction.

Liquidliquid extraction: (Liquid in Liquid)


Liquidliquid extraction (LLE) consists in transferring one (or more) solute(s) contained in a feed solution to
another immiscible liquid (solvent). The solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is called extract. The feed solution
that is depleted in solute(s) is called raffinate
Liquidliquid extraction also known as solvent extraction and
partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their
relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually
water and an organic solvent. It is an extraction of a substance
from one liquid into another liquid phase. Liquidliquid extraction
is a basic technique in chemical laboratories, where it is performed
using a variety of apparatus, from separatory funnels to
countercurrent distribution equipment. This type of process is
commonly performed after a chemical reaction as part of the
work-up.

Solid solution: (Liquid In Solid)

A solid solution is a solid-state solution of one or more solutes in a


solvent. Such a mixture is considered a solution rather than a
compound when the crystal structure of the solvent remains
unchanged by addition of the solutes, and when the mixture
remains in a single homogeneous phase. This often happens when
the two elements (generally metals) involved are close together on
the periodic table; conversely, a chemical compound generally
results when two metals involved are not near each other on the
periodic table.
The solid solution needs to be distinguished from a mechanical mixture of powdered solids like two salts, sugar
and salt, etc. The mechanical mixtures have total or partial miscibility gap in solid state. Examples of solid
solutions include crystallized salts from their liquid mixture, metal alloys, moist solids. In the case of metal
alloys intermetallic compounds occur frequently.

Gas In Liquid:
The solubility of a gas in a liquid depends on temperature, the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid, the
nature of the solvent and the nature of the gas. The most common solvent is water. Carbonated beverages are an
example of Henry's law in everyday life. The dissolved carbon dioxide stays in solution in a closed pop bottle or
can where the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was set at a high value during bottling. When the can or bottle
is opened the partial pressure of CO2 is much lower and the dissolved carbon dioxide will gradually escape from
the pop. When the new low partial pressure equilibrium is established the soda will be "flat" . This loss of

dissolved carbon dioxide will happen faster for warm soda than for cold.
Gas solubility is always limited by the equilibrium between the gas and a saturated solution of the gas. The
dissolved gas will always follow Henry's law.
The concentration of dissolved gas depends on the partial pressure of the gas. The partial pressure controls the
number of gas molecule collisions with the surface of the solution. If the partial pressure is doubled the number
of collisions with the surface will double. The increased number of collisions produce more dissolved gas

Gaseous solutions:
If the solvent is a gas, only gases are dissolved under a given set of conditions. An example of a gaseous
solution is air (oxygen and other gases dissolved in nitrogen). Since interactions between molecules play almost
no role, dilute gases form rather trivial solutions. In part of the literature, they are not even classified as
solutions, but addressed as mixtures.

Gas in solids:
Hydrogen dissolves rather well in metals, especially in palladium; this is studied as a means of hydrogen
storage.

Gas In Gas:
Sometimes gas dissolves in gas or sometimes gas mixed with other gas.
The best example of gas mixture is Air because its consist of Different gases. The main
component of Air is Nitrogen.

Solid In Liquid:
Solid in liquid is simplest solution because we generally see or use Water and Sugar solution Water and Salt
Solution in our daily life.

Solid In Solid:
Solid in Solid solution is called Solder. The example is Tin in Lead.

Solid In Gas:
The example of Solid in Gas is Sulfur Vapors in Air.

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