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Liquefied gas (sometimes referred to as liquid gas) is a gas that has been turned into a liquid by cooling or
compressing it. Examples of liquefied gases include liquid air, liquefied natural gas, and liquefied petroleum
gas.
Liquid nitrogen:
Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen in a liquid state at an extremely low
temperature. It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of
liquid air. Liquid nitrogen is a colorless clear liquid with density of
0.807 g/ml at its boiling point and a dielectric constant of 1.43.
Liquid nitrogen is often referred to by the abbreviation, LN2 or
"LIN" or "LN" and has the UN number 1977. Liquid nitrogen is a
diatomic liquid meaning the diatomic character of the covalent N
bonding in N2 gas is retained even after liquefaction.
Gas In Liquid:
The solubility of a gas in a liquid depends on temperature, the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid, the
nature of the solvent and the nature of the gas. The most common solvent is water. Carbonated beverages are an
example of Henry's law in everyday life. The dissolved carbon dioxide stays in solution in a closed pop bottle or
can where the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was set at a high value during bottling. When the can or bottle
is opened the partial pressure of CO2 is much lower and the dissolved carbon dioxide will gradually escape from
the pop. When the new low partial pressure equilibrium is established the soda will be "flat" . This loss of
dissolved carbon dioxide will happen faster for warm soda than for cold.
Gas solubility is always limited by the equilibrium between the gas and a saturated solution of the gas. The
dissolved gas will always follow Henry's law.
The concentration of dissolved gas depends on the partial pressure of the gas. The partial pressure controls the
number of gas molecule collisions with the surface of the solution. If the partial pressure is doubled the number
of collisions with the surface will double. The increased number of collisions produce more dissolved gas
Gaseous solutions:
If the solvent is a gas, only gases are dissolved under a given set of conditions. An example of a gaseous
solution is air (oxygen and other gases dissolved in nitrogen). Since interactions between molecules play almost
no role, dilute gases form rather trivial solutions. In part of the literature, they are not even classified as
solutions, but addressed as mixtures.
Gas in solids:
Hydrogen dissolves rather well in metals, especially in palladium; this is studied as a means of hydrogen
storage.
Gas In Gas:
Sometimes gas dissolves in gas or sometimes gas mixed with other gas.
The best example of gas mixture is Air because its consist of Different gases. The main
component of Air is Nitrogen.
Solid In Liquid:
Solid in liquid is simplest solution because we generally see or use Water and Sugar solution Water and Salt
Solution in our daily life.
Solid In Solid:
Solid in Solid solution is called Solder. The example is Tin in Lead.
Solid In Gas:
The example of Solid in Gas is Sulfur Vapors in Air.