Math Type 5 Mac Manual

MathType
Mathematical
EquationEditor
USERMANUAL
Published By
DesignScience,Inc.
4028Broadway
LongBeach,CA90803
U.S.A.
Phone:
(562)4330685
Fax:
(562)4336969
Email:
info@dessci.com
TechnicalSupport:
support@dessci.com
Web:
www.dessci.com
Copyright19872004byDesignScience,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
MathType,MathPage,MathZoom,MathPlayer,MathFlowandThebestthingforwritingequationssincechalk!are
trademarksofDesignScience,Inc.
Macintosh,KeynoteandTrueTypearetrademarksofAppleComputerInc.
TimesandHelveticaareregisteredtrademarksofAlliedCorporation.
Adobe,AdobeTypeManager,FrameMaker,InDesign,PageMakerandPostScriptaretrademarksofAdobeSystems,Inc.
TEXisatrademarkoftheAmericanMathematicalSociety.
WindowsisatrademarkofMicrosoftCorporation.
IBMisaregisteredtrademarkofInternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation.
HP,LaserJet,DeskJet,andPCLaretrademarksofHewlettPackardCorporation.
QuarkXPressisaregisteredtrademarkofQuarkInc.
WordPerfectisaregisteredtrademarkofCorelCorporation.
Allothercompanyandproductnamesaretrademarksand/orregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.
PortionsofGIFtechnologyarelicensedfromUnisysCorp.underU.S.PatentNo.4,558,302andforeigncounterparts.
FirstPrinting:January2004
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction ..............................................................................1
About MathType............................................................................................1
Using this Manual .........................................................................................2
Additional MathType Documentation ............................................................4
Getting Help..................................................................................................4
Registering Your Copy of MathType .............................................................5
Chapter 2 Getting Started .........................................................................7
Overview.......................................................................................................7
System Requirements ..................................................................................7
Installing MathType.......................................................................................7
What to do Next ............................................................................................9
Notes for Users of Earlier Versions of MathType..........................................9
Notes for Microsoft Equation Editor Users..................................................10
Chapter 3 Basic Concepts ......................................................................11
Introduction .................................................................................................11
The MathType Window ...............................................................................12
Keyboard Notation in this Manual...............................................................14
Mouse Notation in this Manual ...................................................................14
Entering Text from the Keyboard ................................................................14
Inserting Symbols .......................................................................................15
Inserting Templates.....................................................................................16
Placing the Insertion Point ..........................................................................16
Moving the Insertion Point ..........................................................................17
Selecting Items in an Equation ...................................................................18
The RETURN Key........................................................................................18
Keyboard Shortcuts ....................................................................................19
Chapter 4 Tutorials ..................................................................................21
Before You Start..........................................................................................21
Tutorial 1: Fractions and Square Roots ......................................................22
Tutorial 2: Sums, Subscripts & Superscripts...............................................26
Tutorial 3: Editing Old Equations ................................................................29
Tutorial 4: Including Text in an Equation .....................................................31
Tutorial 5: Using MathTypes Toolbar..........................................................32
Tutorial 6: Spacing and Alignment ..............................................................36
i
MathType User Manual

Tutorial 7: A Simple Matrix ..........................................................................39
Tutorial 8: Fonts and Styles ........................................................................41
Tutorial 9: Equation Numbering in Microsoft Word .....................................45
Tutorial 10: Advanced Equation Numbering in Microsoft Word ..................49
Tutorial 11: Setting Up a Microsoft Word Document...................................51
Tutorial 12: Formatting with Tabs................................................................53
Tutorial 13: Inserting Unusual Symbols ......................................................55
Tutorial 14: Creating Web Pages with Microsoft Word ...............................58
Tutorial 15: Creating Web Pages with GIF Files.........................................60
Tutorial 16: Customizing the Keyboard.......................................................62
Tutorial 17: Working with TeX, LaTeX and MathML ....................................63
Tutorial 18: Export Equations from Microsoft Word ....................................66
What To Do Next.........................................................................................68
Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications .........................................69
Introduction .................................................................................................69
Inserting Equations into a Document..........................................................69
Moving and Resizing Equations in Documents ..........................................71
Inline Equations ..........................................................................................72
Equation Numbering ...................................................................................72
Working with Equation Files .......................................................................73
Working with Microsoft Word ......................................................................74
Working with Adobe Acrobat.......................................................................80
Working with AppleWorks ...........................................................................81
Using TeX, MathML and other Translators..................................................81
Working with Paint and Draw Applications..................................................82
Working with Presentation Applications......................................................83
Working with Desktop Publishing Applications ...........................................84
Working with non-Macintosh Computers ....................................................84
Chapter 6 Creating Web Pages Containing Equations ........................87
Introduction .................................................................................................87
MathPage ...................................................................................................87
The Export To MathPage Dialog.................................................................88
Tips for Better Web Pages..........................................................................90
Master Documents......................................................................................91
Copying Web Pages to a Web Server ........................................................92
Editing a MathPage-Generated Web Page ................................................92
Creating Web Pages with Other Authoring Programs ................................93
Creating Web Pages Using Adobe Acrobat ................................................93
ii
Table of Contents
Chapter 7 Fonts, Styles, Sizes and Spacing .........................................95
Introduction .................................................................................................95
Styles ..........................................................................................................95
Automatic Style Assignment .......................................................................97
Explicit Style Assignments ..........................................................................98
Typesizes....................................................................................................99
Automatic Size Assignments ....................................................................100
Explicit Size Assignments .........................................................................100
Spacing.....................................................................................................100
Equation Preferences ...............................................................................101
Using Preference Files .............................................................................101
Chapter 8 Advanced Formatting ..........................................................103
Introduction ...............................................................................................103
Overriding Automatic Spacing ..................................................................103
Nudging ....................................................................................................104
Fence Alignment .......................................................................................105
Changing the Font of Individual Characters .............................................106
Changing the Size of Individual Characters..............................................107
Choosing Fonts for Math Documents .......................................................107
Fonts as Sources of Additional Symbols ..................................................108
MathType's Font and Character Knowledge.............................................109
Tabs .......................................................................................................... 111
Appendix A MathType's Fonts..............................................................113
Index ........................................................................................................115
iii
iv
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction
About MathType
TM
MathType isanintelligentmathematicalequationeditordesignedforpersonal
computersrunningtheAppleMacOSorMicrosoftWindows.Itsanapplication
thatallowsyoutocreatecomplexequationsthroughsimplepointandclick
techniques,andthenusethemindocuments,Webpages,ormarkupbased
systemslike LATEXandMathML.UsingMathTypeinconjunctionwithaword
processing,pagelayout,orgraphicsapplication,youcaneasilycreatetestsand
classnotes,technicalreports,viewgraphs,researchpapers,dissertations,slides,
andevenentirebooks.MathTypeisalsotheprofessionalversionoftheEquation
EditorthatcomeswithMicrosoftOffice,AppleWorks,CorelWordPerfectand
manyotherpopularapplications,andprovidesaseamlessupgradetothe
capabilitiesfoundinEquationEditor.
MathTypes User Interface

MathTypesuserinterfaceisveryvisuallyorientedandintuitive.Foreachbasic
mathematicalconstructMathTypeprovidesatemplatecontainingsymbolsand
variousemptyslots.Therearearound175templatesinall,includingfractions,
radicals,sums,integrals,products,matrices,andvarioustypesofbracketsand
braces.Youcreateequationssimplybyinsertingtemplatesandfillingintheir
slots.Youcaninserttemplatesintotheslotsofothertemplates,socomplex
hierarchicalformulascanbebuiltupinanaturalway.
Inaddition,MathTypeprovidesonscreeniconsforover214special
mathematicalsymbols,manyofwhichareuniquetoMathTypeandarenot
availableinthestandardSymbolfont.Youcaninsertthesesymbolsintoan
equationsimplybyclickingonthemyoudontneedtorememberanything
aboutfontsandkeystrokecombinations.
YoucaneasilymodifyMathTypesuserinterfacetospeedupyourwork.It
providesasetofcustomizabletoolbarsonwhichyoucanplacetemplates,
commonequationfragments,oranycharacterfromanyfontonyourcomputer.
Thenyoucaninserttheseitemsintoyourequationswithjustasingleclick.
AnyofMathTypessymbolsandtemplates,andmostofitsothercommandsand
operations,canalsobeaccessedviathekeyboard,ratherthanthemouse.You
canevendesignacustomkeyboardlayouttofityourownwayofworking.
Intelligence
MathTypeisintelligentinthesensethatitunderstandsmathematicsandthe
establishedrulesofmathematicaltypesetting.Forexample,itautomatically

resizessquarerootsignsandparenthesestofittheircontents,inserts
appropriatelysizedspacesaroundmathematicaloperatorsandrelational
symbols,anddisplaysstandardmathematicalabbreviationslikelim,logandsin
inanappropriatestyle.
Thisbuiltinintelligencefreesyoufromhavingtoworryaboutmanyofthe
detailsofequationlayout;itimprovestheconsistencyofyourworkandsavesa
considerableamountoftime,bothintheinitialcreationofequationsandin
subsequentproofreadingandediting.
Cooperating with Other Applications

MathTypecanworkwithawiderangeofdocumentprocessingapplications.The
optimalmethodofincorporatingequationsintoyourdocumentsdependson
whatkindofdocumentyouneedtocreate.MathTypeequationscanbe
integratedintodocumentsinseveralways:
UsingstandardCutandPasteorDragandDroptechniques.
UsinganapplicationsInsertObjectcommand(ObjectLinkingand
Embedding,alsoknownasOLE).
UsinganapplicationsInsertEquationcommand(alsoknownasEGO).
EquationscanbeconvertedintoTEX, LATEX,MathML,orothertextual
languagesusingacustomizabletranslationmechanism.
Equationscanbesavedinavarietyoffileformats;MacintoshPICTfiles,
EncapsulatedPostScript(EPS)files,orGIFfiles,readytobeimportedinto
documents.
TM
UsingMathTypesMathPage technology,MicrosoftWorddocuments
containingequationscanbeconvertedintoWebpagesthatanybrowsercan
display,withnopluginsrequired!Theequationscanevenbemagnifiedwith
TM
MathPagesMathZoom optionforeasierviewing.
Chapter5providesmoredetailedadviceaboutthevariousmethodsfor
importingequationsintodocuments.Chapter6describeshowtogenerateWeb
pagesfromWorddocuments.
Equationsthatyouhavetransferredintodocumentscanbebroughtbackinto
MathTypeforeditingorreuse.YoucandothisusingCutandPastecommands,
orinapplicationsthatsupportOLE(Office)orEGO(AppleWorks),double
clickinganequationopensitinMathTypeautomatically.
Using this Manual

Thismanualwaswrittenassumingthatyouunderstandthebasicoperationof
yourcomputer.Youshouldbefamiliarwithconceptssuchasmouseclicking,
dragging,scrolling,andsoon.Pleaserefertoyourcomputersmanualoronline
Helpifyouneedtorefreshyourmemory.
MathTypehasaveryintuitiveuserinterface,andyoucanprobablylearnits
basiccapabilitiesjustbyexperimentingwithit.However,readingthismanual
cancutdownonthelearningtimeneededtobecomeproductive.Someof
MathTypesmostpowerfulfeaturesarebestdiscoveredandunderstoodby
readingaboutthemfirst.Wevealsoprovidedmanyhintsandshortcutsthatwill
enableyoutogetthemostbenefitfromMathTypeintheshortestpossibletime.
IfyouwanttogainasoundunderstandingofMathTypeandgetthemostoutof
it,youshouldconsiderreadingmostofthematerialinthenextfourchaptersof
thismanual.Thepurposeofeachchapterisasfollows:
Chapter 2: Getting Started

TellsyouhowtoinstallMathType.Youshouldreadthischapter.
Chapter 3: Basic Concepts

DescribesthefundamentalideasandtechniquesusedinMathTypeandthe
tutorialexamples.Youshouldatleastglancethroughthischapter.
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Providesstepbystepinstructionsforworkingthroughsomesimpleexamples.
Someofthetutorialscoverbasicconceptsandaretheeasiestwaytolearn
MathTypewehighlyrecommendthatyoutakeafewminutestowork
throughthem.Othertutorialsaremoreadvancedandareusefulwheneveryou
needastepbystepintroductiontooneofMathTypesmorepowerfulfeatures.
Chapter 5: Working with Other Applications

ThischapterrecommendstechniquesforusingMathTypewithother
applications.Youshouldreadthischaptertolearnaboutthedifferentwaysof
incorporatingMathTypeequationsintoyourdocuments.
Chapter 6: Creating Web Pages Containing Equations

DescribesMathTypesExporttoMathPagecommand,whichistheeasiestwayto
generateWebpagescontainingequations.Thischapteralsocoversotherwaysof
addingequationstoWebpages.
Chapters 7: Fonts, Styles, Sizes, and Spacing

ThischaptercoversMathTypesautomaticformattinganditssystemofstyles,
sizes,andspacing.YoushouldreadthischaptertolearnhowtouseMathTypes
preferencefilestogiveyourequationsaconsistentlook.
Chapters 8: Advanced Formatting

Readthischaptertolearnthefinerpointsofmathematicaltypesettingin
MathType.YouwillalsolearnhowtooverrideMathTypesautomatic
formatting,ifnecessary.

Appendix A: Font Charts
ThisappendixlistsallthefontsthatMathTypeinstalls.
Additional MathType Documentation

Likemostmodernprograms,MathTypehasonlinehelpdocumentationthatcan
beviewedusingthecommandsontheHelpmenu.MathTypesonlinehelpis
notasubstituteforthismanual,butprovidesspecificinformationregarding
menucommandsanddialogitems,andcontainstroubleshootingassistancefor
commonproblems.
To Get the Latest Info
Visit our Web site at
www.dessci.com for the
latest information.
Whilewehavetriedtomakethismanualcompleteandaccurate,theremaybe
newinformationthatwasnotavailabletouswhenthismanualwaswrittenand
printed.OpentheMathTypeReadMefilelocatedintheMathTypefoldertosee
importantlastminuteinformationandrevisionstothismanual.Inaddition,the
MathTypeWebsiteatwww.dessci.comcontainsaTechnicalSupportsectionwith
articleson:
Workingwithspecificapplicationsthatarenotcoveredinthismanual,
especiallythosethatwerereleasedorupdatedafterthismanualwaswritten.
Troubleshootingproblemsthatwerediscoveredafterthismanualwaswritten.
HowtoextendMathTypesknowledgeoffonts,symbols,andmathlanguages.
WorkingwithmathematicsontheWorldWideWeb.
Getting Help
Wehopethatthismanualtellsyoueverythingthatyouneedtoknowabout
MathType,butitisdifficulttoforeseeeverypossibility.Ifyouhavequestions,
werequestthatyoufirstrefertothismanualandtheonlinehelp.Ifyoufailto
findtheinformationyouneed,oryouwouldliketosuggestimprovementsor
newfeatures,pleasefeelfreetocontactus.
Contact us by E-mail
E-mail is usually the
best way to contact us
and get your questions
answered.
Althoughweofferfreetelephonesupport,emailisusuallythebestwaytoget
yourquestionsanswered.Youcanreachusbymail,byphone(Mondaythrough
Friday,8a.m.to5p.m.,Pacifictime),fax,orelectronically,asfollows:
Design Science, Inc.

4028 Broadway
Long Beach, CA 90803
Phone:
(562) 433-0685
Fax:
(562) 433-6969
Technical Support:
support@dessci.com
General information: info@dessci.com
www.dessci.com
Web site:
PleaseincludeyourMathTyperegistrationnumberinanycommunication.You
canfindthisinMathTypesAboutBox.
Registering Your Copy of MathType

Registering MathType
Please register your
copy of MathType, so
that we can inform you
of complementary
products and upgrades.
IfyouareanewMathTypeuser,pleaseusetheRegisterMathTypecommandon
MathTypesHelpmenu(orsendintheregistrationcardthatcomesinthe
MathTypepackage),sothatwecaninformyouaboutupgrades,complementary
products,andotherimportantinformation.
Chapter 2
Getting Started
Overview
ThischapterdescribesthestepsyouneedtogothroughtogetMathTypeupand
runningandprovideshelpfulinformationifyouareupgradingfromour
EquationEditorproductorapreviousversionofMathType.
MathTypessystemrequirementsandinstallationinstructionsarelistedbelow.
AlthoughinstallingMathTypeissimplyamatterofrunningitsInstallerand
followingafewsimpleinstructions,youmaywanttoreadthischapterfirstso
youhaveabetterunderstandingofMathTypeanditscomponents.
System Requirements
InordertoinstallandrunMathType,yourMacintoshcomputermusthave:
OS9.0orlater,orOSX10.1orlater.
Aharddiskdrivewithatleast20megabytesoffreespace.
CDROMdrive,oranInternetconnectionfordownloadingtheprogram.
Enoughmemoryfora4MBpartitioninOS9.
Installing MathType
InstallingMathTypeisverysimplejustruntheMathTypeInstallerprogram
andfollowitsinstructions.
If You Purchased MathType Online

IfyoupurchasedMathTypefromourWebsite,youhaveprobablyalreadyrun
theMathTypeInstaller.Incaseyouhavenot,doubleclickthefileyou
downloadedandfollowtheinstructions.
If You Purchased MathType on CD-ROM

IfyouareinstallingMathTypefromaCDROM,justopentheMathType
Installerandfollowtheinstructions.

PostScript Users
MathTypes Installer
copies the PostScript
version of MathTypes
fonts into the MathType
folder. Theyre in the
Fonts folder, inside the
MathType folder. If you
have Adobe Type
Manager Deluxe you
can use it to make the
PostScript fonts
available.
MathType Installer
OnceyouhavestartedtheMathTypeInstaller,justfollowtheinstructions
presentedtoyou.TheInstallerwillinstallthefollowingcomponents:
TheMathTypeapplication.
MathTypesfonts,inTrueTypeformat.
MathTypecommandsforMicrosoftWord98,2001andX
MathTypecommandsforMicrosoftPowerPoint98,2001andX.
YoumaynoticeaslightdelayastheInstallersearchesyourharddisk(s)forall
installedversionsofMicrosoftOffice.InstallingunderOSXinstallsthe
commandsforOfficeX,installingunderOS9(orClassic)installsthecommands
forOffice98andOffice2001.SeeChapter5formoredetails.
MathType Lite
YoucaninstallMathTypeintwodifferentways:infull,unlockedmode,orin30
dayevaluationmode.After30daystheevaluationmodechangestoMathType
Litemode,whichoffersreducedfunctionalityalongthelinesofEquationEditor.
AtanytimeyoumayunlockMathTypebyenteringyourregistrationnumber.
YoucanpurchasearegistrationnumberatanytimefromourWebsiteat
www.dessci.com,orbycallingourSalesphonenumber(seeChapter1).
Installing under Classic in OS X

IfyouareonlyusingOS9.xyoucanignoretherestofthissection.Ifyouare
usingOSXonlywithOSXapplications(OfficeX,AppleWorksforOSX,etc.),
thenyoucanignoretherestofthissectiontoo.
IfyourMacintoshrunsOSXornewer,andyouintendtouseMathTypewithan
olderversionofMicrosoftWord,e.g.Word98orWord2001,oranotherOS9
application,thenyouneedtoinstallMathTypeunderClassicaswellasunder
OSX.ThisisrequiredevenifyoualsouseMathTypewithOSXapplications.
Thetwoinstallationsarenecessarybecausesomeofthefiles(fontsetc.)are
installedintosystemspecificlocations.TheClassicandOSXinstallationsare
quiteseparate,andwerecommendyouinstallthemintoseparatefolders.
WerecommendyoufirstinstallMathTypeunderOSX,andthenunderClassic.
ToinstallMathTypeunderClassic,selecttheMathTypeInstallericoninthe
FinderandchoosetheGetInfocommandontheFilemenu.IntheInfowindow
thatopens,checktheOpenintheClassicEnvironmentcheckboxandclosethe
window.TheninstallMathType,choosingadifferentlocationtypicallyinthe
Applications(MacOS9)folder.Youllneedtoreenteryourregistrationnumber;
theseareeffectivelytwoseparateinstallations.Finally,youshouldselectthe
MathTypeiconintheMathTypefolder(theInstalleropensthisforyou),and
checkitsOpenintheClassicEnvironmentcheckboxinthesamewayasbefore.

Memory
InOS9,MathTypesmemorypartitionissetto4MB.Ifyoutypicallycreatelarge
equations,orliketokeepseveralequationwindowsopensimultaneously,you
maywanttoincreasethissize.Inaddition,werecommendyouincreasethesize
ofMicrosoftWordspartitionbyatleast7MBfromitsdefaultsize.Thischange
onlyneedstobemadeifyourerunningMathTypeunderOS9,orunderClassic
inOSX.
What to do Next
Registering MathType
Please register your
copy of MathType, so
that we can inform you
of complementary
products and upgrades.
NowthatyouveinstalledMathType,youreprobablyreadytostartcreating
equations.But,ifyouhaveafewminutes,youmightwanttolookovertherest
ofthischapter,especiallyifyouareupgradingfromEquationEditororanearlier
versionofMathType.
Onceyouhavefinishedwiththischapter,youhavetwochoicesastowhattodo
next.IfyouwanttounderstandthebasicideasbehindMathType,read
Chapter3.ThevariouselementsshownintheMathTypewindowareall
describedthere.Ontheotherhand,ifyoureanexperiencedMacintoshuser,and
yourefeelingimpatientandimpetuous,youcanturntoChapter4andstart
workingthroughthequickandeasytutorials.MathTypeisverysimpleand
intuitive,andadherescloselytouserinterfacestandards,soyouwillprobably
getthehangofitfairlyquickly.Intheunlikelyeventthatsomethingseemsa
littlestrangeorconfusing,youcanalwaysgobackandreadChapter3orconsult
MathTypesonlinehelp.
Notes for Users of Earlier Versions of MathType

MathType5effectivelyreplacesearlierversionsofMathTypeastheapplication
usedforeditingequations.AlthoughMathType5andMathType3.xcancoexist
onacomputer,wedonotrecommendit.YoullbeabletouseMathType3
directly,butequationsindocumentsandotherapplicationslikeWordwillopen
foreditinginMathType5.Inparticular,ifyoureusingAppleWorkswesuggest
youremoveMathType3.x,becausetheversionofMathTypethatgetslaunched
canbeunpredictable.MathType5sInstallerdoesnotdeleteolderversionsof
MathType,youmustdothisbyrunningtheolderversionsMathTypeInstaller
andchoosingRemove.IftheoldInstallerisnotavailablewerecommendyou
deletetheMathType3folderbeforeinstallingMathType5.
Notes for Microsoft Equation Editor Users

MathType with Word
The Using MathType
with Microsoft Word
section in Chapter 5
contains additional
information for Equation
Editor users. It
describes the
commands and toolbars
MathType adds to Word
that automate equation
insertion, updating, and
numbering in Word
documents.
10
OnceMathTypeisinstalled,iteffectivelyreplacesEquationEditorasthe
applicationusedforeditingequations.However,MathTypesinstallation
programdoesnotdeletetheEquationEditorapplication,butsimplyregisters
itselfastheeditorforequationsyouhavealreadycreatedwithEquationEditor
(andearlierversionsofMathType).Ifyouwanttochangethisbehaviororfine
tuneit,choosetheObjectEditingPreferencescommandonMathTypes
Preferencesmenu.ThisallowsyoutochoosewhetherornottouseMathTypeto
editequationscreatedbyEquationEditor.
Chapter 3
Basic Concepts
Introduction
ThischapteroutlinesthebasicconceptsusedinMathType.Ifyouarean
experiencedMacintoshuseryouwillbefamiliarwithsomeofthemalready,
sincetheyarecommontomanyapplications.Ontheotherhand,thesymboland
templateideasareuniquetoMathType,soyoumaywanttoreadalittleabout
them.
ThebasicpurposeofMathTypeistoallowyoutocreateandeditmathematical
equations.Inthismanual,weusethetermequationtorefertoany
combinationofmathematicalsymbols.Theapproachtoequationcreationisvery
intuitiveandvisuallyoriented.Foreachbasicmathematicalconstruct,likea
fractionoranintegral,MathTypeprovidesatemplatecontainingvarious
symbolsandemptyslots.Youbuildequationssimplybyinsertingtemplatesand
thenfillingintheirslots.Chapter4explainsthetechniquesindetail.
YouwillgenerallybeplacingMathTypeequationsintoadocumentyoure
creatingwithawordprocessor(orapagelayoutapplication,orasimilar
program).YoullwanttorunMathTypeandyourwordprocessor
simultaneously,andtransferequationsintoandoutofyourdocument.Chapter5
explainsseveralwaystodothis.
YoucanstartMathTypelikeanyotherapplication,byclickingontheMathType
icon.AnemptyMathTypewindowwillappear.
11
The MathType Window

ThepicturebelowshowsMathTypewithallpartsofitstoolbarvisible:
Symbol pale tte s

Te mplate pale tte s
Small bar
Tabs
Large tabbe d bar
Pale tte
Small tabbe d bar

Rule r
Empty slot
Inse rtion point
Se le ction
Status bar
Withintheequationareaitself,therearefouritemsofinterest:
Empty Slot
Aslotcontainingnotextisdisplayedwithadottedoutline.
Insertion Point
Ablinkingmarkerconsistingofahorizontallineandaverticallinethatindicates
wheretextortemplateswillbeinsertednext.
Selection
Thepartoftheequationthatwillbeaffectedbyanysubsequentediting
commandsishighlighted.
Status Bar
TheStatusBarcontainsfourareasthattellyouyourcurrentsettingsforStyle,
Size,Zoom,andColor.Youcanchangethesesettingsusingmenucommandsor
simplyControlclickonanareatoshowamenuforthatsetting.Whilemoving
themouseinthetoolbarorinthemenus,thefourStatusBarentriesare
temporarilyreplacedbyamessagethatdescribestheitemthemousepointeris
over.Atothertimes,themessagetellsyouwhatoperationMathTypehasjust
performedorwhatitisexpectingyoutodonext.
12

MathType Toolbar
TheMathTypetoolbarcontainsfiveseparateareas:theSymbolandTemplate
Palettes,theSmallBar,andtheLargeandSmallTabbedBars.Youcanhideor
showthetoolbarusingtheToolbarcommandontheViewmenu.
Symbol Palettes
Ifyoupressorclickononeofthesebuttons,apalettecontainingvarioussymbols
willappear.Ifyouchooseoneofthesymbols,itwillbeaddedtoyourequation
attheinsertionpoint.
Template Palettes
Ifyoupressorclickononeofthesebuttons,apalettecontainingvarious
templateswillappear.Ifyouchooseoneofthetemplates,itwillbeaddedto
yourequationattheinsertionpointor,ifsomethingisselected,itwillwrap
aroundit.
The Bars
Organizing Tip
The Tabs allow you to
organize your symbols,
expressions, and
templates into named
collections. Tutorial 5 in
Chapter 4 shows you
how to rename Tabs.
TheSmallBarandtheLargeandSmallTabbedBarsarecontainersinwhichyou
canstorefrequentlyusedsymbols,templates,andexpressions(wholeequations
orpartsofequations).
Adjusting Toolbar Size and Content

Youwillprobablynotneedalloftheitemsdescribedabove,soweprovide
commandsontheViewmenuforshowingthemorhidingthemasyouwish.For
example,ifyouhaveasmallscreen,youmightwanttokeepsomeofthebars
hiddenwhileyouaretyping.YoucanthenuseoneofMathTypeskeyboard
shortcutstoshowthebaryouneed,andthenusetheshortcutagaintohidethe
barwhenyouredone.SeeTutorial5inChapter4formoreadviceonusingthe
toolbar.
Changing the Size of the Toolbar Buttons

YoumayfindMathTypesdefaultsizeoftoolbariconstoosmalltoread.Youcan
changetheirsizeusingtheWorkspacePreferencescommandonthePreferences
menu.ThepictureoftheMathTypewindowshownpreviouslydisplaysthe
smallbuttonsize.Herearethethreeavailablesizesofbuttonsforcomparison:
Small
Medium
Large
Ruler
Showsyouhowlargeyourequationis,andallowsyoutosettabstopsthat
controlformatting.
13

TheMathTypewindowalsocontainsotherelements,whichwehavenotlabeled
sincetheyarecommontomostapplications.Refertoyourcomputermanualor
onlineHelpifanyoftheseitemsareunfamiliar.
Keyboard Notation in this Manual

Yourcomputerskeyboardhasanumberofspecialkeysthatwewillbereferring
tofrequentlyinthismanual.Wewillwritethenamesofthesekeys(and
combinationsofthesekeys)insmallcapitals:COMMAND,SHIFTA,OPTION,
DELETE,COMMANDTAB,andsoon.
Youwillhaveasetoffourarrowkeys:theLEFTARROW,RIGHTARROW,UP
ARROW,andDOWNARROWkeys(,,,).Thesekeysaregroupedtogether
onmostkeyboards,andyoushouldhavenotroubleidentifyingthemasthe
arrowkeys,althoughyourTAB,DELETE,RETURNandSHIFTkeysmayalsohave
arrowsprintedonthem.
Note:COMMANDreferstothekeylabeled ,DELETEreferstothekeyusedto
backspace(typicallylocatednexttothe=).WeusethetermDELtorefertothe
keylabeledDELorDELETE,sometimesalsowith,locatednexttotheENDkey
typicallyabovethearrowkeys.
Mouse Notation in this Manual

WeusethetermCONTROLCLICKtomeanpressingtheCONTROLkeyandclicking
withthemouse.Ifyouhavea2buttonmouseandrightclickingisenabled,you
canjustclicktherightmousebuttoninstead(i.e.youdontneedtoholddown
theCONTROLkey).
Entering Text from the Keyboard

WhentheMathTypewindowfirstappearsonthescreen,asingleemptyslotis
displayedasasmalldottedboxcontainingtheblinkinginsertionpoint.
Whenevertheinsertionpointisdisplayed,MathTypeisreadytoaccepttext.
Typingwillcausethecorrespondingcharacterstobeinsertedintotheslot
containingtheinsertionpoint.PressingtheDELETEkeywillerasethecharacteror
symboltotheleftoftheinsertionpoint.PressingtheDELkeyerasesthecharacter
orsymboltotherightoftheinsertionpoint.Whenitemsareselectedinthe
equation,eithertheDELETEkeyortheDELkeycanbeusedtodeletetheselection.
PressingtheRETURNkeywillstartanewlinebelowtheoriginalline.
Immediatelyaftertyping,youcanchoosetheUndoTypingcommandonthe
Editmenutoeraseeverythingthatyoutypedsincethelastnontyping
operation.
14

Why the Spacebar Doesnt Work
TheSPACEkeyusuallyhasnoeffect,sinceMathTypeperformsspacingof
mathematicalequationsautomatically.Professionalqualitymathematical
formattinginvolvessixdifferentspacewidths,noneofwhichisthesamewidth
asthespacecharacterinmostfonts,soitwouldbeundesirabletoinsertthe
standardspacecharacterintoyourequations.Manypeoplefindthisabit
confusingatfirst,butyouwillgetusedtoitquickly.However,sometimesyou
mightwanttoinsertanonmathematicalphraseintoyourequationsand,here,
thestandardspaceisexactlywhatyouwant.Todothis,justchangethecurrent
styletoTextandstarttyping.SeeTutorial4inChapter4fordetails.
SometimesyoumayfinditnecessarytooverrideMathTypesautomaticspacing.
MathTypedefinesseveralkeyboardshortcutsforenteringvariouswidthsof
space;forinstance,CONTROLSPACEinsertsathinspace.SeeTutorial6in
Chapter4formoreinformation.
Inserting Symbols
Keyboard Shortcuts
MathType also provides
keyboard shortcuts for
inserting almost all
symbols on the palettes.
These are shown in the
Status Bar when the
mouse is over each
symbol. You can also
assign your own
keyboard shortcut to any
symbol. See Tutorial 16
in Chapter 4 for more
information.
Toinsertasymbol,youclickonitinoneofthebars,orchooseitfromoneofthe
SymbolPalettes,asshowninthepicturebelow.TheSymbolPalettesworklike
standardmenusjustpressorclickthemousebuttontodisplaythepalettes
contents,thenchoosethedesiredsymbol.Thesymbolwillbeinserted
immediatelytotherightoftheinsertionpointor,ifsomethingisselected,the
symbolwillreplaceit.
15
Inserting Templates
Keyboard Shortcuts
MathType also provides
keyboard shortcuts for
inserting almost all
templates. These are
shown in the Status Bar
when the mouse is over
each template. You can
also assign your own
keyboard shortcut to any
template. See
Tutorial 16 in Chapter 4
for more information.
Toinsertatemplate,youclickonitinoneofthebars,orchooseitfromoneof
theTemplatePalettes.TheTemplatePalettesalsoworklikestandardmenus
justpressorclickthemousebuttontodisplaythepalettescontents,thenchoose
thedesiredtemplate.Thetemplatewillbeinsertedimmediatelytotherightof
theinsertionpointor,ifsomethingisselected,thetemplatewillwrapitself
aroundit.
Atemplateisaformattedcollectionofsymbolsandemptyslots.Youbuild
expressionsbyinsertingtemplatesandthenfillingintheirslots.Youcaninsert
templatesintotheslotsofothertemplates,socomplexhierarchicalformulascan
bebuiltupinanaturalway.Slotsareintelligentinthesensethattheycontrol
thepropertiesofanycharactersinsertedintothem.Forexample,anytextthat
youinsertintotheupperlimitslotinasummationtemplateisautomatically
reducedinsizeandiscenteredabovethesummationsign.
Placing the Insertion Point

Equation Structure
To better understand the
structure of your
equation, cycle the
insertion point through
the slots, and watch how
its size and shape
change. Alternatively,
use the Show Nesting
command on the View
menu. See Tutorial 1 in
Chapter 4 for an
example.
Youcanplacetheinsertionpointwithinthetextofanyslotbyclickinginthe
desiredlocation,justlikeinawordprocessor.PressingtheTABkeywillmove
theinsertionpointtotheendofthenextslotintheequation.Byrepeatedly
pressingtheTABkey,youcanmaketheinsertionpointcyclethrougheveryslot
intheequation.(SincetheTABkeyisusedtocycletheinsertionpoint,youmay
bewonderinghowtoentertabcharacters.ThisisdonewithCONTROLTAB.)
IfyouholddowntheSHIFTkeywhilepressingtheTABkey,theinsertionpoint
willmovearoundtheequationinthereversedirection.Youcanalsomovethe
insertionpointbyusingthearrowkeys;thisisdescribedinmoredetailinthe
followingsection.
Youcantellwhichslotcontainstheinsertionpointfromitssizeandshape.The
horizontallineoftheinsertionpointrunsalongthebottomedgeoftheslot,and
theverticallineoftheinsertionpointrunsfromthetoptothebottomoftheslot.
IfyouveturnedonnestingwiththeShowNestingcommand,youcantellwhich
slotcontainstheinsertionpointbyitsbackgroundcolor.
16

Theequationsinthefirstrowbelowshowfourdifferentinsertionpoint
positions,andthefourpicturesinthesecondrowshowtheresultoftypinganm
intotheexpressionineachcase:
Moving the Insertion Point

Asdescribedpreviously,youcanusetheTABkeytomovetheinsertionpoint
throughallofanequationsslots.HoldingdowntheSHIFTkeymovesthe
insertionpointinthereversedirection.Youcanalsousethearrowkeysfor
movingtheinsertionpointmoreprecisely.
Therulesforusingthearrowkeysaresomewhattedioustodescribe(andto
read,nodoubt)itseasiertoexperimentwithacoupleofequationsto
understandthebehavior.Heresaquickguidetohowtheywork.
Roughlyspeaking,pressingtheLEFTARROWkeymovestheinsertionpointone
charactertotheleft,andRIGHTARROWmovesonecharactertotheright.Ifthe
nextcharacterisatemplate,theinsertionpointmovesintothetemplatesfirst
slot.Iftherearenomorecharactersinatemplateslottomoveover,theinsertion
pointwillmoveoutofthetemplate.
IfyouholddowntheCOMMANDSHIFTkeycombinationwhilepressingthearrow
keys,theinsertionpointwilljumpovertemplates;i.e.itwillnotmoveintoa
templatesfirstslot.
TheUPARROWandDOWNARROWkeysmovetheinsertionpointupanddown
betweenlinesortemplateslots.Theupanddowndirectionsaregenerally
determinedbythephysicallocationofeachslot,butwhentemplatesarenested
withintemplates,thetemplatehierarchymaytakeprecedence,andnotevery
slotmaybepassedthrough.
TheHOMEkeymovestheinsertionpointtothebeginningofthecurrentslot,the
ENDkeymovesittotheend.ThePAGEUPandPAGEDOWNkeysscrollthe
MathTypewindowupanddownrespectively,butdonotactuallymovethe
insertionpoint.
17
Selecting Items in an Equation

Selecting Entire Slots
You can select an entire
slot by double-clicking
anywhere in the slot.
This is analogous to the
way many word
processors allow you to
select a word by doubleclicking on it.
Asinotherapplications,youhavetoselecttheitemsthatyouwanttooperate
uponbeforeyouchoosethecommandthatistobeappliedtothem.In
MathType,theselectedpartoftheequationwillbeaffectedbyasubsequent
editingcommandsuchasCut,Copy,orNudge.Toselectpartofanequation,
youpositionthemousepointeroveroneendoftheitemstobeselected,andthen
pressandholddownthemousebuttonwhiledraggingthepointeroverthe
equation.Theselecteditemswillbehighlighted.
Selecting with the Arrow Keys

Youcanmakeaselection(orextendapreviousselection)byholdingdownthe
SHIFTkeyandpressingtheLEFTARROWorRIGHTARROWkey.Pressingthearrow
keymovestheinsertionpointthroughyourequation,intheusualway,and
holdingdowntheSHIFTkeywillcauseittoselectalltheitemsitpassesthrough.
Selecting Embellishments and Parts of Templates

HoldingdowntheOPTIONkeyallowsyoutoselectacharacterembellishment,
suchasahatoroverbar,oranitemthatispartofatemplate(asopposedtoan
itemwithinoneoftheslotsinatemplate),suchastheinthepicturebelow.If
youholddowntheOPTIONkey,thenthemousepointerchangesfromanarrow
intoahand.Youcanthenselectthetemplatecomponentbyclickingonit.Thisis
usefulifyouwanttochangethesizeofasummationsignornudgeaprimetoa
newposition,forexample.
The RETURN Key

Aligning Lines in Piles
You can align the lines
in a pile in various ways
using the commands on
the Format menu.
18
PressingtheRETURNkeywillcreateanewlinewithasingleemptyslot
immediatelybeneaththeslotcontainingtheinsertionpoint.Aseriesoflines
createdinthisway,oneaboveanother,iscalledapile.Youcanusepilesto
representmatricesandcolumnvectors,ifyoupreferthemtoMathTypesbuiltin
matrices.PressingtheDELETEkeywiththeinsertionpointatthebeginningofa
linewilljoinitbacktothelineabove.
Keyboard Shortcuts
Watch the Status Bar
When the mouse is over
a symbol or template in
the Toolbar, the Status
Bar shows its keyboard
shortcut. You can list all
shortcuts by using the
Customize Keyboard
command or by looking
in the online help. See
for more information.
YoucanexecutealmostallMathTypeoperationsdirectlyfromthekeyboardby
enteringkeystrokeswhileholdingdowntheCOMMAND( )key.Forexample,
youcaninsertafractiontemplateusingCOMMANDF,i.e.bytypinganFwhile
holdingdowntheCOMMANDkey.Shortcutsofthissortareusefulforadvanced
users,especiallyexperttouchtypistswholiketokeeptheirhandsonthe
keyboard.
Someshortcutsrequireyoutotypetwokeystrokecombinationsconsecutively.
Forexample,COMMANDSHIFTI,2isashortcutthatinsertsadoubleintegral
template.Totypethis,youmustfirsttypeCOMMANDSHIFTIbypressingall
threekeysatthesametime,releasethem,thentypea2.
Inthismanual,whenashortcutmustbeenteredwiththeSHIFTkeyhelddown,
theSHIFTkeywillalwaysbementionedexplicitly(asintheexampleabove).
However,manyofMathTypesshortcutsusenonalphabeticcharacters;theyve
beenchosenfortheirmnemonicvalue.Forexample,typingCOMMAND{inserts
the template.Insomecases,togeneratethemnemoniccharacteryoumust
alsoholddownSHIFT.Whendocumentingthesekindsofshortcutsinthis
manual(andinMathTypeitself)wedonotexplicitlystatethattheSHIFTkey
needstobehelddown.However,whenyouentertheshortcutyouneedtobe
awareofthis.So,forexample,thekeyboardshortcutforinsertinga template
iswrittenasCOMMAND{,notCOMMANDSHIFT[orCOMMANDSHIFT{.
19
20
Chapter 4
Tutorials
Before You Start
Thischaptercontainsseveraltutorialexamplesillustratingvariouswaystouse
MathType.Weprovidestepbystepinstructionsforeachexample,soyou
shouldfinditeasytoworkthroughthem.Eachtutorialshouldtakeyounomore
than10minutes,andtheyarebyfarthebestwaytolearnMathType.Dont
worryifthelevelofthemathinthetutorialsisnotwhatyouuseinyourjob.The
techniquesyoulllearnarethesame,regardlessofthelevelofthemath.Before
youstart,however,thereareafewthingstobearinmind.
First,recallthatyoucanfindsymbolsandtemplateseitherinthepalettesatthe
verytopoftheMathTypewindow,orinthebarslowerdown.Youhavetopull
downthepalettestofindtheitemsyouneed,butyoucanjustclickontheones
inthebars.Forthemostpart,thetutorialswillrequireverycommonsymbols
andtemplatesthatweplacedinthebarsforyoubeforeweshippedMathType.
Youcanchangethecontentsofthesebarsatanytime;weexplainhowin
Tutorial5.
Undo and Redo
You can also correct
mistakes by using the
Undo command on
MathTypes Edit menu.
In MathType 5 you can
Undo and Redo an
unlimited number of
times.
Also,youdonothavetoworryaboutmakingmistakes.Ifyoutypesomething
wrong,orchoosethewrongsymbolfromoneofthepalettes,youcancorrect
yourmistakebypressingtheDELETEkey.
Fonts and the Appearance of Your Equations

Thetutorialswilloftentellyouthatyourequationshouldnowlooklikethis.
Infact,theappearanceofyourequationwillbedeterminedbythefontsyouare
using,soyoushouldnttakethisstatementtooliterally.MathTypesdefaultfonts
areTimes,SymbolandMTExtra.Thesefontswillprobablybeacceptable,at
leastforthepurposesofworkingthroughthetutorial,andwerecommendthat
youstickwiththemuntilyouvegainedsomeexperienceworkingwith
MathType.
Forthetimebeing,pleasedonotchangefontsbyusingtheOthercommandon
theStylemenuasyoullseeinTutorial8,theresamuchbetterwayofdoing
thisinMathType,andwedontwantyoutogetintoanybadhabits.
Some Final Advice

Inthefirstfewtutorialexamples,weregoingtoassumethatyoureusing
MathTypealongwithMicrosoftWordtocreateadocument.MathTypeworks
withawidevarietyofwordprocessing,publishing,Webeditingandgraphics
programs,butWordisbyfaritsmostcommoncompanion.Ifyouwanttowork
throughthetutorialsusingsomeotherwordprocessingapplication,itshouldbe
21

easytoadapttheinstructionsthatfollow.Also,detailedinstructionsforusing
MathTypewithotherapplicationsareavailableinChapter5.
Inthetutorials,welloftentellyoutotypecertaincharactersintoyourequations.
Thecharactersyouhavetotypewillbeshowninboldtype.
Tutorial 1: Fractions and Square Roots

Inourfirsttutorial,wewillcreatetheequation
y=
3
16
sin x c 2 tan x
Thisisaverysimpleequationtocreate,butyoulllearnaboutfractionsand
squareroottemplates,andwellexplorethepropertiesoftheinsertionpoint,and
illustrateMathTypesfunctionrecognitionandautomaticspacingcapabilities.
Tocreatetheequation,justfollowthestepslistedbelow.Rememberthatthe
charactersyouhavetotypeintotheequationareshowninboldtype.
1. OpenanewWorddocument,andtypeafewlinesoftext,justtomakethe
situationabitmorerealistic.
Word Toolbar
You can insert a display
equation using the
button on Words
MathType toolbar. You
can see what each
toolbar button does by
holding the mouse
pointer over the button
for a couple of seconds.
A tooltip will appear
containing the name of
the buttons command.
2. NowwerereadytoinsertaMathTypeequation.IfyouinstalledMathType
correctly,thereshouldbeaMathTypemenutowardstherighthandendofthe
Wordmenubar,asshownbelow.
FromtheMathTypemenuchoosetheInsertDisplayEquationcommand.This
willopenaMathTypewindow,readyforyoutostartcreatingtheequation.Iffor
somereasonneithertheMathTypemenunortheMathTypetoolbarisavailable
inWord,youcanuseWordsInsertObjectcommandfornow(chooseObjecton
theInsertmenu),andchooseMathType5.0Equationfromthelistofobjecttypes
displayed.SeeChapter5tolearnaboutotherwaystoinsertanequation,either
inWordorotherapplications.
3. IntheMathTypewindow,typey=.Youdonthavetotypeaspacebetween
theyandthe=,becauseMathTypetakescareofthespacingautomatically.To
helpyoubreakthehabitoftypingspaces,thespacebarisdisabledmostofthe
22
timeinMathType,sopressingitwillhavenoeffect(otherthanproducingan
annoyingbeep!).Chapter7discusseswhereandhowyoushouldenterspacesin
MathType,butyouwonthavetodothisveryoften.
Also,noticethattheyhasbeenmadeitalic,butthe=signhasnot.Mathematical
variablesarealmostalwaysprintedinitalics,sothisisthedefaultinMathType.
YoucanchangethisbyredefiningtheVariablestyleusingtheDefinecommand
onMathTypesStylemenu.SeeChapter7fordetails.
4. Nowweneedtoenterasquarerootsign.Todothis,clickonthe iconin
palette,butwevealso
theSmallBar.The templateshomeisinthe
includeditintheSmallBartomakeiteasierforyoutofind.Yourequation
shouldnowlooklikethis:
Thecharactersintheequationmightbelargerthanyouexpect,butthisisjusta
resultoftheviewingscaleyoureusing.YoucanusethecommandsontheView
menutochangetheviewingscaletoanythingbetween25%and800%.The
blinkinginsertionpointshouldbeintheslotunderthesquarerootsign,
indicatingthatwhateveryouenternextwillappearthere.
Fraction Template
As you hold the mouse
pointer over the palette
items their name is
displayed in the status
bar at the bottom of the
MathType window. This
will help you make sure
you pick the correct
template.
5. Next,weenterafractiontemplate.Todothis,openthe
paletteand
choosethe templateitstheoneontherightinthetoprow.Thistemplate
producesreducedsizefractions,sometimesknownascasefractionsinthe
typesettingworld.Casefractionsaregenerallyusedtosavespacewhenthe
numeratoranddenominatorofthefractionarejustplainnumbers.Becarefulnot
tochoosethelarger templatethiswouldcreateafullsizefraction,which
wouldbetoobigforthissituation.NoticehowMathTypeautomaticallyexpands
thesizeofthesquarerootsigntoaccommodatethefraction.Yourequation
Theinsertionpointshouldbeinthenumerator(upper)slotofthefraction
template.
6. Toenterthenumeratorofthefraction,justtype3.
7. Nowweneedtomovetheinsertionpointdownintothedenominatorslotof
thefraction.YoucandothisbypressingtheTABkeyorbyclickinginsidethe
denominatorslotinyourequation.
8. Enterthedenominatorbytyping16.
9. Nextweneedtoaddthesinxoutsideofthesquarerootsign,andtodothis
wehavetogettheinsertionpointintothecorrectpositioninthehierarchyof
slotsthatmakeuptheequation.IfyourepeatedlypresstheTABkey,youcan
23

maketheinsertionpointcyclethroughalltheslotsintheformula.Ifyouhold
downtheSHIFTkeywhileyoudothis,theinsertionpointwillcyclethroughthe
slotsinthereversedirection.Trythisouttoseehowitworks.Threeofthe
positionsthattheinsertionpointwillassumeduringthecourseofthiscycling
areshownbelow.Useaviewingscaleof400%or800%,sothatyoucansee
whatshappeningalittlebetter:
IfyouusetheShowNestingcommandontheViewmenu,youcangetaneven
betterpictureofthehierarchicalarrangementofslotsinyourequation:
Wehavetodecidewhichoftheseinsertionpointpositionsistherightonefor
addingthesinx.Thepositionontheleftisclearlywrongwedontwantthe
sinxtogointhedenominatorofthefraction.Inthepositionshowninthecenter,
theinsertionpointisinthemainslotunderthesquarerootsign,soifwetypein
sinxtheresultwillbethefollowingformula:
Thisisnotwhatwewanteither.Theinsertionpointpositionshownonthefar
rightisthecorrectone;theinsertionpointisoutsidethesquareroot,whichis
wherewewantthesinxtogo.
Functions
You can customize the
list of functions that
MathType automatically
recognizes. Tutorial 4
contains an example.
24
10. KeeppressingtheTabkeyuntiltheinsertionpointarrivesinthecorrect
position,andthentypeintheletterssinx.Typeslowly,sothatyoucanwatch
whathappens.Whenyouinitiallytypethem,thesandtheiwillbeitalic,
becauseMathTypeassumesthattheyarevariables.However,assoonasyou
typethen,MathTyperecognizesthatsinisanabbreviationforthesinefunction.
Followingstandardtypesettingrules,MathTypeusesplainRoman(nonitalic)
formatforthesin,andinsertsathinspace(onesixthofanem)betweenthesin
andthex.
11. Typec.Rememberyoudonthavetotypethespaces.Youinserttheminus
signbypressingthe(minus/hyphen)keyonyourkeyboard.Inaword
processor,pressingthiskeyinsertsahyphen,whichistypicallyshorterthana
minussign.However,sincehyphensareveryuncommoninmathematics,
MathTypereplacesthemwithminussignsforyou(whentheMathstyleisin
effect).Yourequationshouldnowlooklikethis:
Keyboard Shortcuts
You can also create a
superscript slot by
typing COMMAND E.
COMMAND L inserts a
subscript slot.
12. Nextweneedtoattachthesuperscript(orexponent)tothec.Todothis,
clickonthe iconintheSmallBar.Thiswillcreateasuperscriptslotnexttothe
c,asshownbelow:
13. Type2,andthenpressTABtomovetheinsertionpointoutofthesuperscript
slot,intothepositionshownbelow:
14. ClickontheintheSmallBar.MathTypeknowsthatthesymbolis
supposedtohavespacesarounditinthissituation,so,asusual,youdonthave
totypethem.
Greek Characters
You can enter a Greek
character using
COMMAND G and its
eqivalent, e.g. m for , P
for .
15. Choosethe fromthe

paletteitsthesecondonefromtherightin
therowofSymbolPalettes.Alternatively,astheGreeklettercorrespondsto
theletterm,youcanpressCOMMANDG,followedbym.Yourequationshould
looklikethis:
16. Finishtheformulabytypingtanx.Again,noticethatMathTypeusesplain
(insteadofitalic)typeforthetanfunctionandputsthinspacesoneithersideof
it.Yourfinishedequationshouldlooklikethis:
Keyboard Shortcut
The quickest way to
close the MathType
window is by pressing
COMMAND W.
17.ClosetheMathTypewindow,andchooseYesinresponsetothedialogthat
asksifyouwanttosavechanges.ThiswillinsertyourequationintotheWord
documentindisplayequationform(onalinebyitself),likethis:
y=
3
16
sin x c 2 tan x
25

18. Inothersituations,youmightwanttoembedanequationwithinalineof
text,forexample y = 163 sin x c2 tan x , ratherthandisplayingitonalineby
itself.Todothis,usetheInsertInlineEquationcommandfromWords
MathTypemenuorMathTypetoolbar.
Tutorial 2: Sums, Subscripts & Superscripts

Inthistutorialwellcreatetheformulathatisoftenusedtocalculateastatistical
quantityknownasvariance.Theformulais:
1 n
n i =1
X2 = X i2 nX 2
Thisformulaillustratestheuseofsubscripts,superscripts,andsummation
templates.Integralandproducttemplatesbehavemuchthesameassummation
templates,sowhatyoulearninthistutorialwillbeusefulinavarietyofother
situations.Thestepsrequiredtocreatetheformulaareasfollows:
1. OpenanewWorddocument,andtypeafewlinesoftext.
2. ChoosetheInsertDisplayEquationcommandfromWordsMathTypemenu
orMathTypetoolbar.ThiswillopenaMathTypewindow,readyforyoutostart
creatingtheequation.
3. Entera. Onewaytodothisistochooseitfromthe
palette.
Alternatively,youcoulduseitskeyboardshortcut.Thekeyboardshortcutsfor
toolbaritemsaredisplayedinthestatusbarasyoumovethemouseoverthem.
InthiscaseyoucanpressCOMMANDGfollowedbys.
Zoom Levels
A quick way to change
zoom level is to
CONTROL-CLICK in the
Zoom panel on the
status bar.
Or, you can type:
COMMAND 1 for 100%,
COMMAND 2 for 200%,
COMMAND 4 for 400%,
COMMAND 8 for 800%.
4. Next,createslotsforthesubscriptandsuperscriptonthebyclickingon
the iconintheSmallBar.Subscriptsandsuperscriptsarerathersmall.In
ordertobetterseewhatshappening,makesureyouvechosenatleast200%
viewingscaleintheZoomsubmenuoftheViewmenu.
5. Theinsertionpointwillbelocatedinthenewlycreatedsubscriptslot.Type
thesubscript,X.
6. Movetheinsertionpointupintothesuperscriptsloteitherbyclickinginit
orbypressingtheTABkey.Thentypethenumber2intothesuperscriptslot.
7. Now lets movetheinsertionpointtothelocationshownbelow:
EitherpresstheTABkey,orclicksomewhereouttotherightoftheequation,as
showninthepicture.Becarefulnottoplacethepointertooclosetothesubscript
orsuperscriptslots,orelsetheinsertionpointmayjumpintooneofthemwhen
youclick.
26
8. Typeinthe=sign.Remembernottotypeanyspaces.
Inserting Fractions
You can also insert the
full-size fraction
template by pressing
COMMAND F.
9. Constructthefractionbyusingthefullsize template,whichisavailable
intheSmallBarandinthe
palette.Becarefulitsnotthesame
templateasthe fractiontemplatethatweusedinTutorial1.
10. Theinsertionpointwillbelocatedinthenewlycreatednumeratorslot;type
thenumber1intothisslot.
11. Movetheinsertionpointdownintothedenominatorsloteitherbyclicking
initorbypressingtheTABkey.Thentypeinthedenominator,n,andpressthe
TABkeyagaintomovetheinsertionpointoutofthedenominatorslot.Your
equationshouldnowlooklikethis:
12. Nextweneedtoinsertapairofbraces(curlybrackets).Youcandothis
eitherbyclickingonthe iconinthepalette,orbyusingtheCOMMAND{
keyboardshortcut.Rememberthat{isashiftedcharacteronstandard
keyboards,soyoullactuallyneedtoholddowntheCOMMANDandSHIFTkeys
whilepressingthekeythatbearsthe[and{characters.
13. Clickonthe
icontoenterasummationtemplateinsidethebraces.This
palette,andalsointheSmallBar.Noticehow
templateislocatedinthe
thebracesexpandautomatically.Yourequationshouldnowlooklikethis:
14. TypetheletterXintothesummandslot(thelargeslotontheright).
15. AttachasubscriptandsuperscripttotheX,usingthe
subscriptandsuperscriptslotswithiand2,respectively.
Spacing
Chapter 7 includes a
discussion of
MathTypes spacing
rules and how you can
customize them.
template.Fillinthe
16. Movetheinsertionpointintothelowerlimitslotofthesummationtemplate
(byclickinginsidetheslot,orusingtheTABkey),andtypei=1.Asusual,donot
typeanyspaces.MathTypewillautomaticallyreducethesizeofthetext,and
willcenteritbelowthesummationsign.Inthiscase,MathTypewillnotinsert
anyspacesaroundthe=sign,sinceitisinthelimitofasummation.Again,thisis
astandardtypesettingconventionthatyoucanoverrideifyouwantto.
17. Movetheinsertionpointintotheupperlimitslotofthesummation
template,andtypeintheupperlimit,n.
27

18. Movetheinsertionpointintothepositionshownbelow:
Iftheinsertionpointisintheupperlimitslotofthesummationtemplate,
pressingtheTABkeywilldothetrick.Infact,aswesawinTutorial1,ifyoukeep
pressingtheTABkey,theinsertionpointwillcyclethroughalltheslotsinthe
equationandwilleventuallyreachthepositionshown,regardlessofwhereit
startedout.Ifyouwanttomovetheinsertionpointbyclicking,clicksomewhere
nearthepointindicatedbythearrowinthepictureabove.Youmightwantto
usetheShowNestingcommandontheViewmenutomakethiseasier.
19. TypenX.
20. PlaceanoverbarontheXbyclickingonthe iconinthe
palette.In
MathType,embellishmentsofthistypearealwaysaddedtothecharactertothe
leftoftheinsertionpoint.Youcanevenaddseveralembellishmentstothesame
character.Formoredetails,lookforEmbellishmentsinMathTypesonlinehelp.
21. Enterthesuperscript2byusingthe template.Itworksjustthesameway
asthe templatethatweusedearlier.Theequationisnowcomplete(well,
maybeitisseethenextstepbelow).
22. WehopeyourehappywiththewayMathTypeformatsyourequation,but
ifyourenot,weveprovidedawayforyoutomakesomefineadjustmentsof
yourown.Youcanselectanyitemorgroupofitems,intheusualway,and
nudgethemeitherhorizontallyorverticallyinstepsofonepixel(screendot).If
youviewyourequationat800%scaleyoucanmakeadjustmentsassmallasan
eighthofapoint.
Tonudgeitems,usethefollowingkeystrokes:
Selecting an
Embellishment
You can select an
embellishment by
holding down the
OPTION key and then
clicking on the
embellishment.
28
COMMAND
COMMAND
COMMAND
COMMAND
nudgestheselecteditemstotheleftbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemsupwardbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemstotherightbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemsdownwardbyonepixel
Youmightwanttotrymovingasubscriptorasuperscript,movingthelimitsof
thesummation,orevenmovingthebarembellishment.
Keepinmind,however,thatnudgingisreallyintendedformakingsmall
adjustmentsthatcannotbeachievedotherwise.Thepreferredmethodfor
adjustingspacingisusingtheDefineSpacingdialog,describedinChapter7.
Thisapproachhastheadvantagethatthespacingrulesyoudefineaffectall
equations.
23. ClosetheMathTypewindow,whichwillinserttheequationintoyourWord
document.Savethedocument,becauseweregoingtouseitinthenexttutorial.
Tutorial 3: Editing Old Equations

Thistutorialteachesyousomespecialeditingtechniquesthatareusefulwhen
youremodifyinganexistingequation.Youwilloftenneedtocorrectamistake
inanoldequation,ormakeanewonethatisaslightvariationofonethatyou
havemadeinthepast.Insteadofstartingfromscratch,youcanbringacopyof
theoldequationbackintoMathTypeandmodifyitasneeded.Inthisway,all
yourolddocumentsserveassourcesofmaterialfornewdocuments.Youcan
storecommonlyusedequations(orfragmentsofequations)inwordprocessing
documentsorasexpressionswithinMathTypeitself.
LetssupposethattheequationwecreatedinTutorial2isthewrongone,andwe
wanttousethefollowingrelatedformulainourdocumentinstead:
sX =
1 n 2
2
X i nX
n 1 i =1
Thestepsrequiredareasfollows:
1. OpentheWorddocumentcontainingtheequationyoucreatedinTutorial2
above.WewanttobringthisequationbackintoMathTypeforediting.Thereare
severalwaystodothis,asexplainedinChapter5,butthesimplestistodouble
clickonit.Thiswillopentheequationforediting,inanewMathTypewindow.
2. Selectthetermonthelefthandsideoftheequationbydraggingthearrow
pointeracrossitwhileholdingdownthemousebutton.Theselecteditemswill
behighlightedintheusualmanner.Itshouldlooksomethinglikethis:
3. DeletetheselecteditemsbyusingtheClearcommandontheEditmenu,or
bypressingtheDELETEkeyortheDELkey.
4. Theinsertionpointisinthecorrectplace,immediatelytotheleftofthe=
sign,soyoucannowenterthenewlefthandside.Typeinthelettersandattach
theXsubscripttoitbyusingthe template,intheusualway.
29

5. Next,weregoingtoenclosetherighthandsideinasquarerootsign.Were
goingtowrapa templatearoundtheexistingtermspreviouslywehave
alwaysinsertedtemplatesfirst,andthenfilledintheirslotsafterwards.Select
theentirerighthandsideoftheequation,watchingthehighlightingcarefullyto
seethatyourselectioniscorrect.Itshouldlooklikethis:
MathType 3 Users
MathType 3 required
you to hold down the
COMMAND key to wrap a
template around the
selection. This is no
longer necessary.
Nowclickonthe iconintheSmallBar.The templatewillbeinsertedinto

yourequationandautomaticallywrappedaroundtheselecteditems.Whenyou
insertatemplate,MathTypealwayswrapsitaroundanyselecteditems.
6. Youmightbewonderinghowyouwoulddothereverseoftheoperationwe
performedinstep5supposeyouhadanexpressionenclosedinasquareroot
sign(orsomeothertemplate)andyouwantedtoremovethesquarerootsignbut
keeptheexpression.Todothis,youfirstselecttheexpressionunderthesquare
rootsignandchooseCuttotransferittotheClipboard.Next,selectthe(now
empty)squarerootsign,andpressDELETEorDELtoremoveit.Finally,choose
PastetobringtheexpressionbackfromtheClipboard.
7. Finally,wehavetochangetheninthedenominatorofthefractionton1.
Positiontheinsertionpointinthedenominatorslot,totherightofthen,by
clickingnearthepointindicatedbythearrowpointerinthepicturebelow:
Then,simplytype1tochangethedenominator.
Color
Color menu using the
Edit Color Menu
command in the Color
submenu.
30
8. Letsnowsupposewewanttochangethecoloroftheterm sX fromblackto
red.Selectthetermusingthemouse,andthenchoosetheColorcommandonthe
Formatmenu.Asubmenuappearscontainingalistofcolors.ChooseRedand
releasethemouse.Theselectedtermwillbecomered.
9. Werefinishededitingtheequation,soclosetheMathTypewindow.Ifa
dialogappearsaskingifyouwanttosaveyourchanges,clickSave.Oncethe
MathTypewindowhasclosed,yourwordprocessorwillbecomeactiveand
youllseethatyourdocumentnowcontainsthemodifiedequation.
Tutorial 4: Including Text in an Equation

Inournexttutorialweshowyouhowtoenterwordsandphrasesinanequation,
andalsohowtohandlefunctionnameabbreviationsthatMathTypedoesnot
recognize.Wearegoingtocreatethefollowingequation:
Prob( A | B) =
Prob( A B)
Probability that both A and B occur
=
Prob( B)
Probability that B occurs
1. First,openanewMathTypewindowusingoneofthemethodsyouve
alreadylearned.ThentypeProb(A|B).Theresultwillbe
Controlling Italics
To assign regular (nonitalic) style to function
names, use Function on
the Style menu, rather
than just removing the
italics.
Usingitsbuiltintableoffunctionnames,MathTypehasrecognizedPrasan
abbreviationforprobabilityandsetitintheFunctionstyle,whileoandbare
regardedasvariables.InthistutorialwewanttouseProb,ratherthanjustPr,as
ourabbreviationforprobability.Youmightthinkthatyoucanfixtheproblem
byjustmakingtheoandbnonitalic,butwedontrecommendthis.Ifyou
simplyremovetheitalicization,MathTypewillstillregardoandbasvariables,
whichisnotwhatweintend.TherightapproachistoselectProbandchoose
FunctionfromtheStylemenu.Thiswillremovetheitalics,butitalsotells
MathTypethatProbisthenameofafunction,whichwillaffectspacingand
translationintolanguagessuchas LATEXandMathML.
Copying and Dragging

To re-use part of an
existing equation, select
the part and then use
the Copy and Paste
commands, or drag and
drop. Hold down the
Option key when
dragging to copy the
selection.
2. Createthefractioninthemiddletermoftheequation.Youcancopyand
pasteProb(A|B),andmodifyitforreuseinthenumeratoranddenominator.
palette.Yourequation
Youcanfind,thesetintersectionsymbol,onthe
shouldnowlooklike
3. Constructthefractionontherighthandsideoftheequationbyusingthe
templateagain.Theinsertionpointwillbepositionedinthenumerator,readyto
typethetext.
Typing Text
Before typing normal
words and phrases,
choose Text from the
Style menu.
4. IfyoujuststarttypingcharactersintothenumeratorslotMathTypewill
assumethattheyarevariables,sotheywillbeitalicized,andanyspacesyoutype
willbeignored.Totypeordinarywordsandphrases,youshouldfirstchoose
TextfromtheStylemenu.ThentypeProbabilitythatbothAandBoccur.The
numeratorofourfractionwilllooklikethis:
Thisiswhatwewant,exceptthatthewordbothshouldbebold,andtheAand
Bshouldbeitalic.
31

5. Selectthewordboth,andchooseOtherfromtheStylemenu.TheOther
Styledialogwillappear,whichletsyoudirectlychangethefontandstyle(bold
&italic)ofselectedcharacters.ClickonBold,andthenchooseOK.
6. NextwewanttomakethevariablesAandBitalic.Wecoulddothisdirectly
byusingOtherfromtheStylemenuagain,butthiswouldnotreallyconveythe
correctmeaning.AbetterapproachistoselectthevariableAandchooseMath
fromtheStylemenu,andthenrepeatforthevariableB.ThismakestheAandB
italic,butalsotellsMathTypetotreatthemasmathematicalvariables.
7. Enterthedenominatorofthefraction(ProbabilitythatBoccurs)usingthe
sametechniqueweusedforthenumerator.
Thiscompletestheequation,butwecanuseittoillustrateafewmoreof
MathTypescapabilities.
New Function Names
list of functions that
MathType automatically
recognizes.
IfyouusetheabbreviationProbforprobabilityonaregularbasis,youllget
tiredofmanuallychangingittoFunctionstyleallthetime,andyoullwant
MathTypetodothisforyouautomatically.FromthePreferencesmenu,choose
FunctionsRecognized.TypeProbasthenameofanewfunction,andclickonthe
Addbutton.Also,ifyoudontwantMathTypetorecognizePrasan
abbreviationforprobability,youcanselectPrinthelistofrecognized
functionsandclickontheRemovebutton.
Nowtryrecreatingthissameequation,toseehowmucheasieritis.
Tutorial 5: Using MathTypes Toolbar

Intheprevioustutorialswesawtwoformulasthatwereverysimilar,inthe
sensethattheyhadmanytermsincommon.Thisistypicalofmanybranchesof
mathematics.Forexample,considertheseformulasfromelementarystatistics:
1
k
{ X
2 =
XY
r =
=
XY
2
i
k2 =
1
1
2
X i
k
k
( X )
2
X Y k ( X )( Y )
1
i i
2
X i
k
( X )
i
2
Yi
k
Yi
Manystatisticalformulaeusethesymbolsand,andtheyofteninvolve
variouscombinationsoftermslike X i , X i2 , 1k . Whendealingwithrepetitive
formulaeliketheseyoucansaveyourselfagreatdealoftimebycustomizing
MathType.Tosavetimecreatingstatisticalformulae,weregoingtoplacein
theSmallBar.Wellalsomakeexpressionsfor X i and 1k ,andplacetheminthe
tabbedbars.Thenwellusethemtocreatethesecondoftheequationsshown
above.Thestepsareasfollows:
32
Toolbar Icon Sizes
Using the Workspace
Preferences command
on the Preferences
menu you can alter the
size of the toolbar icons.
1. Beforewestart,makesurethatMathTypestoolbarisvisibleandthatthe
SmallBarandtheSmallandLargeTabbedBarsarevisible.Usethecommandsin
theViewmenutomakethemvisibleifnecessary.
2. Clickonthe
palettewillappear.
symbolpalette,andthenreleasethemousebutton.The
3. NowholddowntheCOMMANDkey,pressontheand,keepingthemouse
buttondown,dragitovertheSmallBar.Youllseethemousepointerchange
shapeasitpassesoverdifferentareasofthetoolbar.Whenthepointerlookslike
,thedraggeditemcannotbedroppedatthislocationandreleasingthe
this
mousebuttonwillhavenoeffect.Whenthepointerlookssomethinglikethis
itisoveravalidtargetareaandreleasingthemousebuttonwillinserttheobject
atthislocation.ReleasethemousebuttonovertheSmallBar,asshownbelow.
Adding New Symbols
You can add any
symbol from any font on
your computer to the
toolbar. Enter it into the
equation area, select it,
and drag it to the
toolbar. Use the Insert
Symbol dialog (on the
Edit menu see
Tutorial 13 for details) to
locate the symbol, hold
down the COMMAND key
and drag the symbol to
the toolbar. As a result,
MathType has access to
a virtually limitless
supply of symbols.
Thesymbolwillbeaddedtotheendofthebar.Now,toinsertthissymbolinto
anequationyouonlyneedclickonitintheSmallBarinsteadofhuntingforitin
thepalettes.TheSmallBarisagoodlocationforfrequentlyusedsymbolsasitis
alwaysavailableandcancontainmanyitems.
4. Next,weregoingtoadda X i expressiontotheLargeTabbedBar.The
tabbedbarsaresimilartotheSmallBarinhowtheyoperate,howevertheyre
dividedintocategories,whichallowsforamuchlargernumberofitems.Click
ontheStatisticstabtodisplayMathTypesdefaultitemsforstatisticalequations.
ThereshouldberoomforonemoreitemintheLargeTabbedBar(thebarhas
roomfor8items).Ifthereisnt,selectanothertabthatdoeshaveroom.
5. DeletethecurrentcontentsoftheMathTypewindow,andcreatethe
expression X i intheusualway.Youllneedtousethe template(notthe
template)todothis.
33

Editing Toolbar
Expressions
You can edit a toolbar
expression by Control
(right)-clicking in the
expression and
choosing Edit. You can
also Control-click in the
expression. A new
MathType window will
open containing the
expression. Make your
changes, close the
window and the toolbar
will be updated.
7. Toaddthisexpressiontothetoolbar,selectitanddragittotheLarge
TabbedBar.Whenyoureleasethemouseyoullseetheexpressionappearinthe
bar.
8. Createanexpressionfor 1k ,inexactlythesameway.Placethisexpressionin
theSmallTabbedBar.Youcanmakethefractionfullsize,usingthe template,
oryoucanmakeacasefractionusingthe template.Whenyouredone,were
readytocreatetheformula
r=
XY
=
XY
X Y 1k ( X )( Y )
i i
1
X k
2
i
( X )
i
1
2
Yi k
Yi
9. Creatingthisformuladoesntrequireanynewtechniquesthatyoudont
alreadyknow,sowerenotgoingtogiveyoutheusualstepbystepinstructions.
Hereareafewusefulhintsandreminders:
Youcaninsert byclickingonitintheSmallBar,whichismuchfasterthan
usingthe
palette.
Youcaninserttheterm X i byclickingonitintheLargeTabbedBar.
Afastwaytocreate Yi istoinsert X i , dragacrosstheXtoselectit,and
typeYtoreplaceit.
Youcancreate X i2 byinserting X i andreplacingthesubscripttemplate
withasub/superscripttemplate.Todothis,selectthesubscriptslotasshown
below,andholddowntheOPTIONkeyasyouinsertthe template.The
OPTIONkeycausesthenewtemplatetoreplacetheselectedoneinsteadof
wrappingaroundit.Thentype2inthesuperscriptslot.
Notethatthetwotermsinsidecurlybracketsonthebottomlineoftheformula
areidenticalexceptthatoneinvolvesXandtheotherinvolvesY.Tocreate
thesecondterm,justduplicatethefirstoneandreplacetheXswithYs.
Youcanduplicateatermbyselectingit,holdingdowntheOPTIONkeyand
draggingittothedesiredlocation(withouttheOPTIONkeythetermismoved).
Rearranging the Toolbar

MathTypestoolbarisinitiallyfilledwithexpressionsusefulformanyofthe
variousfieldsinmathematics.Youcan,however,renametheexistingtabnames,
aswellasrearrangeorremoveanyofthesymbolsandexpressionsthatareinthe
defaulttoolbar.Youcanalsomodifyanyoftheexpressionsiftheyrenotquite
rightforyourparticularuse.
34
Tomoveasymbolorexpressionwithinthetoolbar,holddowntheCOMMAND
keyanddragtheitemtoitsnewlocation.Youcaninsertanitembetweentwo
othersbydroppingitbetweenthem.
10. TrythisbydraggingthesymbolweaddedtotheSmallBarinStep3tothe
SmallTabbedBar.Thechoiceofwheretoplaceanitemisentirelyuptoyou;a
symbolorexpressioncanbeplacedinanyofthebars.
NowletsdeletethefromtheSmallTabbedBar.
Deleting Toolbar Items
Another way to delete
an item is to Commanddrag it from the bar and
release the mouse over
the Trash icon.
11. CONTROLCLICK(rightclick)ontheandselectDeletefromthecontext
menuthatappears.Youmayalsowanttodeletetheotherexpressionsyou
addedtothetabbedbars.
Youcanalsochangethenamesofthetabstosuityourparticularsituation.
12. DoubleclickontheStatisticstabtoopentheTabPropertiesdialog,where
youcaneditthetabsnameandchangeitskeyboardshortcut.
Ifyouprefertypingtousingthemouse,youmaywanttousethetoolbars
keyboardinterface.Youcangivethekeyboardfocustoatoolbarcomponent
usingthefollowingkeyboardcommands:
SymbolPalette
COMMANDF5
TemplatePalette
COMMANDF6
SmallBar
COMMANDF7
LargeTabbedBar
COMMANDF8
SmallTabbedBar
COMMANDF9
Onceabarhasthefocus,youcanusetheleftandrightarrowstomovethe
selection,andRETURNtoinserttheselecteditem(oropenitscorresponding
menu).TheESCkeyclosesamenu,orreturnsthefocustotheequationarea.You
canswitchtabsbytypingCOMMANDF10,nwherenisthenumberofthetabto
activate.Forexample,typingCOMMANDF10,2activatesthesecondtab.
Deciding What to Place in the Toolbar

Keyboard Shortcuts
Keyboard shortcuts are
covered in more detail in
Tutorial 16.
Somesymbolsandtemplatesareusedsofrequentlythatyoumaynotneedto
placetheminthetoolbar.Youprobablywillhavememorizedthekeyboard
shortcutsforinsertingthem,sotheresnotmuchtobegainedbyhavingthem
occupyvaluablespaceinthetoolbar.Greeksymbolsinparticularfallintothis
category;onceyouvelearnedthatyoucaninsertabypressingCOMMANDG
followedbyb(referredtoasCOMMANDG,B),youprobablywontneedtoadd
thesecharacterstothetoolbar.
35

Insert Symbol Dialog
Using this dialog is
Tutorial 13.
Itmaymakesense,however,toaddcharactersfromanyspecialfontsyoumay
havetothetoolbar.TheeasiestmethodistousetheInsertSymboldialog(choose
theInsertSymbolcommandontheEditmenu),whichisanextremelypowerful
toolforviewingthecharactersinafont.YoucanalsoCOMMANDdragcharacters
fromthisdialogtothetoolbar.Youcanaddasmanycharactersfromyourfonts
tothetoolbarascanfit.Thenyoucanenterthesecharactersatanytimeintoyour
equations,regardlessofyourcurrentstyledefinitions.
ThatdoesitforTutorial5,sochooseSelectAll(COMMANDA)fromtheEdit
menuandpressDELETEorDELtoclearthewindowforthenexttutorial.
Tutorial 6: Spacing and Alignment

InthenextexampleweintroducesomeofMathTypesfacilitiesforcontrolling
spacingandalignmentinequations.Wearegoingtocreatethefollowingpairof
equations:
a( x) dx lim sup n (a)

n
a ( x)b( x) dx lim sup n (a, b)
Notethattheseequationsarearrangedsothattheirsignsareverticallyaligned,
andtheybothcontainalimsupconstructionofatypethatwehavenotused
before.Youcancreatetheseequationsasfollows:
Expanding Integrals
Integral signs are
normally a constant
size. You can create an
expanding integral by
holding down the SHIFT
key while you choose an
integral template from
the integrals palette.
1. Insertadefiniteintegraltemplatebyclickingonthe iconorbypressing
COMMANDI,typeintheintegrand(thelargeslot),andfillinthe0and1asthe
limitsofintegration(thetwosmallslots).Youprobablywontwantthe
parenthesesintheintegrandtobeoftheexpandingvariety,soyoucanjust
typethemfromthekeyboard,ratherthanusingthe template.Yourequation
36
Parentheses Template
You may prefer to use
the template instead of
typing ( and ). Using the
template can give your
document a more
consistent look. The
template also includes
more space around it,
so you may not need to
add the thin space as
shown here. Were
trying to teach you the
different ways to create
equations; obviously the
final choice is up to you!
2. Toimprovetheappearanceofourequation,weshouldinsertathinspace
(onesixthofanem)inbetweenthea(x)andthedxintheintegrand.MathType
cannotdothisautomatically,soweprovideyouwithaconvenientwayof
manuallyenteringaspaceofthecorrectsize.The
paletteprovidesasetof
fiveiconsrepresentingcommonlyusedspaces,asshowninthefollowingtable.
Icon
Keystroke
SHIFTSPACE
CONTROLOPTIONSPACE
CONTROLSPACE
CONTROLSHIFTSPACE
None
Alt. Keystroke
COMMANDK,0
COMMANDK,1
COMMANDK,2
COMMANDK,3
COMMANDK,4
Description
Zerospace
Onepointspace
Thinspace(sixthofanem)
Thickspace(thirdofanem)
Emspace(quad)
Note:EarlierversionsofMathTypeusedtheCOMMANDkeyforthesespace
shortcuts,buttheseshortcutshavebeenreservedbyAppleforotheruses.Weve
changedtouseCONTROL,whichisconsistentwithMathTypeforWindows.
Placetheinsertionpointbetweenthe)andthedbyclickingthere,andinsert
athinspaceeitherbychoosingthe icon(itsontherightinthetoprowofthe
palette)orbypressingCONTROLSPACE.
Show Nesting
The Show Nesting
command on the View
menu shows the
different slots and can
help you avoid making
mistakes.
3. Movetheinsertionpointoutoftheintegrandslot,intothepositionshown
below.Youmustdothisforthealignmentcommandstoworkproperly.Dont
createtherestoftheequationwithintheintegrandslot.
4. ClickonthesignintheSmallBar.
5. Nowwewanttobuildthelimsupstructure.Webeginbyclickingonthe
palette.Thisiconrepresentstheunderscripttemplate:any
iconinthe
charactersenteredintheupperslotwillbefullsize,andthoseinthelowerslot
willbereducedtosubscriptsize.
6. Theinsertionpointispositionedintheupperslot,soyoucantypein
limsup.MathTypewilluseyourFunctionstyle(probablyaplainstyle)for
thesecharacters,andwillinsertathinspacebetweenthelimandthesup.
7. Movetheinsertionpointdownintothelowerslotbyclickinginitorby
pressingtheTABkey,andentern.Theandsymbolsareverycommon
inmathematics,sotheyvebeenaddedtoMathTypesdefaultSmallBar.Theyre
alsoavailableintheSymbolPalettes,ofcourse.Followingtypesetting
conventions(asalways),MathTypewillnotcreateanyspacingaroundthe
symbol,sinceitisinasubscript,butyoucaninsertspaces,ifyouwantto.
37

One-Shot Shortcuts
The shortcuts that affect
just the next character
typed are described in
more detail in Chapter 7.
8. PressTABtomovetheinsertionpointoutofthelowerslot,andtypeinthe
restofthisfirstequation.ThespeedywaytodothisistojusttypeCOMMANDGf
COMMANDLnTAB(a).IfyouliketheCOMMANDGshortcut,youmaybe
interestedtoknowthatthereareafewothersthatworkinasimilarfashion.If
youpressCOMMANDU,forexample,thenextcharacteryoutypewillbeassigned
theUser1stylethatyouhavedefinedwiththeDefinecommandontheStyle
menu.Inthisway,youcanaccessanycharacterinanyfontwithjusttwo
keystrokes,evenifitsnotpresentintheSymbolPalettes.
9. PresstheRETURNkey.Thiswillcreateanewlinedirectlybeneaththefirst
equation,sonowyouhaveapileconsistingoftwolines.Itshouldlooklike
this:
Selecting a Slot
You can double-click in
a slot to select its
contents, or type
COMMAND-SHIFT-S.
10. Tosavetime,weregoingtocreatethesecondequationbymodifyingacopy
ofthefirstone.Selecttheentirefirstequationbydoubleclickingsomewhere
nearitssign,copyittotheclipboard,andthenpasteitintothenewemptyslot.
Youshouldnowhavetwoidenticalcopiesofthefirstequation,onedirectly
beneaththeother.Nowjusteditthelowercopytoproducethesecondequation.
Tochangethetoa, justselectthe andpressCOMMANDGfollowedbyy.
11. Finally,weregoingtoexperimentwithsomedifferentwaysofaligningthe
twoequations.YoucancenterorrightjustifythembyusingtheAlignCenter
andAlignRightcommandsontheFormatmenu.Givethisatry,justtoseehow
itlooks.
12. Infact,youwillprobablywanttoalignthesetwoequationssothattheir
signsaredirectlyaboveoneanother.Todothis,wechoosetheAlignat=
commandfromtheFormatmenu.Itwillworkeventhoughwehavesigns
ratherthan=signs.Youcanaligntheequationsinotherwaysbyusing
alignmentsymbols.Yousimplyinsertanalignmentsymbolineachequationat
thetwopointsthatyoudliketohavealigned.(However,notethatalignment
symbolsinsertedintotemplateslotswillnotwork.)Placinganalignmentsymbol
totherightofeachofthetwosignswouldgivethesameresultsasusingthe
Alignat=command,forinstance.Thealignmentsymbolisrepresentedbythe
iconintheSymbolPalettesitslocatedinthe
palette.
13. Youmayalsowanttoadjustthelinespacing,orleading(pronounced
ledding),i.e.theamountofverticalspacebetweenthetwoequations.Youcan
38
dothisbyplacingtheinsertionpointsomewhereintheoutermostslotofthe
secondequation(notwithinatemplate),orbyselectingthesecondequation,and
choosingtheLineSpacingcommandfromtheFormatmenu.Whenyouve
arrangedthemtoyourliking,theequationsarecomplete.
Nowthatweredonewiththeseequations,itstimetochooseSelectAllfromthe
EditmenuandpressDELETEtoclearyourwindowforthenexttutorial.
Tutorial 7: A Simple Matrix

Inournexttutorial,weillustrateMathTypespowerfulcapabilitiesforlayingout
matrices.Wewillconstructthefollowingmatrixequation:
p( ) = det( I A ) =
a11
a12
a21
a22
Thematrixisafairlysimpleone,andwellbeabletocreateitveryeasilyby
usingamatrixtemplate.Ifyouneedmoreflexibleformattingcapabilitiesfor
matricesandtabularlayouts,youshouldusetabs,asillustratedinTutorial11.
1. Typethefirstfewtermsoftheequation,uptothesecondequalssign.
MathTypewillrecognizethatdetisanabbreviationforthedeterminant
function,andwillautomaticallysetitinplainromantype,soyoudonthaveto
fiddlewithit.ThequickwaytogetaistopressCOMMANDGfollowedbya
letterl(ell).Also,notethattheIandtheArepresentmatrices,sowehave
assignedthemtheVectorMatrixstyle,whichcausesthemtoappearinbold
type.TheCOMMANDBshortcutwillassigntheVectorMatrixstyletothenext
character,soyoucanpressCOMMANDBfollowedbyItogettheI,and
COMMANDBfollowedbyAfortheA.Alternatively,youcanjusttypeallthe
charactersfirst,andthenselectthemandchangetheirstylesusingthe
commandsontheStylemenu.Eitherway,yourequationshouldnowlooklike
this:
2. Typethesecond=signandinsertaverticalbartemplatebychoosingthe
icon.Itslocatedinthe
palette.
3. Inserta22matrixtemplateinsidetheverticalbarsbychoosingthe icon
fromthe
palette(orbytypingCONTROLM,2).Yourequationshouldnow
looklikethis:
39

4. Theinsertionpointwillbeinthetopleftslotofthe22matrix,soenterthe
expressiona11there.
5. Weregoingtocreatetheotherentriesinthematrixbycuttingandpasting.
Selectthea11bydoubleclickingonit,copyittotheClipboard,andpasteit
intotheotherthreeslotsinthematrix.Theresultshouldbeasshownbelow;its
notright,ofcourse,butweregoingtofixitupinafewmoments.
Drag and Drop

You can also drag the
term and drop it in the
other slots. Remember
you need to hold down
the OPTION key to copy
the term.
6. Next,weregoingtoputalittleextraspacebetweentheverticalbarsandthe
elementsofthematrix.Thisispurelyamatteroftaste,soyoucanskipthispartif
youdprefertokeepyourmatrixlookingthewayitdoesatpresent.Beforewe
enterthespaces,weneedtopositiontheinsertionpointsothatitsinsidethe
verticalbarsbuttotheleftofandoutsidethematrix.Youcandothisbyclicking
somewherenearthepositionindicatedbythearrowpointerinthepreceding
picture.ThenjustenteroneortwothinspacesbypressingCONTROLSPACE.Do
thesameontherighthandsideofthematrix.IfyouchoosetheShowAll
commandfromtheViewmenu,youllbeabletoseeyourspaces.Theyshould
looklikethis:
7. AfterthebriefdigressioninStep6,itsnowtimetocorrecttheentriesinour
matrix.First,deletethefromtheupperrightslot.Thequickestwaytodothisis
toplacetheinsertionpointtotherightofitandpressDELETE.Dothesamewith
theinthelowerleftslot.NoticethatMathTypeadjuststhespacingafterthe
minussignstoreflectthefactthattheyarenowunaryoperatorsratherthan
binaryoperators(negationratherthansubtraction).
8. Changeallthesubscriptsinthematrixtotheirdesiredvalues.The11in
theupperleftslotiscorrectalready,butweshouldhave12intheupperright
slot,21inthelowerleft,and22inthelowerright.Youcandoubleclickon
theexistingsubscriptstoselectthem,andthentypethecorrectvaluesoverthem,
justasyouwouldinawordprocessor.Yourequationshouldnowlooklikethis:
40
Modifying a Matrix
The Matrix submenu on
the Format menu
contains commands for
adding and deleting
rows and columns.
9. Theequationisnowessentiallycomplete,althoughthereareafewmore
formattingoptionsthatyoumaywanttotryout.First,youmightwanttoshift
theentirematrixdownsothatitstoprowisalignedwiththerestoftheequation.
Todothis,placetheinsertionpointinanycellinthematrixandchooseAlignat
TopfromtheFormatmenu.Also,itmightbenicetorightjustifytheentriesin
eachcolumn.Todothis,placetheinsertionpointinanycellinthematrix,
choosetheChangeMatrixcommandfromtheMatrixsubmenuontheFormat
menu,andclickonthebuttonlabeledRightinthedialogbox.
Finally,ifyouobjecttothefactthatMathTypetightenedthespacingafterthe
unaryminussigns,youcanputthespacesbackinagain,thoughthiswould
meandeviatingfromstandardtypesettingconventions.Theyshouldbethick
spaces(onethirdofanem).Thethickspaceisthemiddleoneinthesecondrow
ofthe
palette.Ifyouprefertousethekeyboard,youcaninsertathick
spacebypressingCONTROLSHIFTSPACE.Alternatively,sinceathickspaceisthe
samewidthastwothinspaces,youcangetthesameresultsbypressing
CONTROLSPACEtwice.
Ifyouelectedtomakeallofthemodificationssuggestedinthisstep,your
equationshouldlooksomethinglikethepicturebelow.
Ifyouregoingontothenexttutorial,pressCOMMANDAtoselecttheentire
equation,thenpressDELETEorDELtoclearyourscreen.
Tutorial 8: Fonts and Styles

ThistutorialprovidesanintroductiontoMathTypessystemofstyles.Wewill
demonstratehowtochangethefontsinyourequationsbychangingstyle
definitions.Usingstyleswillallowyoutoachievetheformattingyouwant
quicklyandeasily,andenableyoutocreateequationswithaconsistent
appearance.SeeChapter7formoreinformationaboutstyles,fontsandsizes.
Inthefollowingsteps,wewillcreatetheequation
u = exp { 12 ( x + y )}
andexperimentwithchangingthelookoftheequationbyusingdifferentstyle
definitions.
1. CheckthattheStatusBarsStylepaneldisplaysMath.Ifitdoesnt,choose
MathfromtheStylemenu.IftheMathstyleisnotchosen,MathTypesautomatic
styleassignmentwillnotbeineffect,andtherestofthistutorialwillnotmake
muchsense.
41

2. Createtheequation,usingthe templateforthefractionandinsertingthe
and bychoosingthemfromthelowercaseGreekpaletteorbyusing
COMMANDG,fandCOMMANDG,s.The (dot)operatorislocatedonthe
palette.TheequationintheMathTypewindowshouldnowlooklikethis:
Define Styles
You can also open this
dialog by double-clicking
in the Style panel of the
Status Bar.
3. FromtheStylemenu,chooseDefine.Ifnecessary,clicktheSimpleradio
buttontodisplaythedialogshownbelow.
The TEX Look

Weve included a
MathType preference
file called TeX Look.eqp
that contains font and
spacing settings that
make MathType
equations look like TEX.
Its in the Preferences
folder inside your
MathType folder. See
Chapter 7 for more
details on using
preference files.
ChangethePrimaryfonttoEuclid,changetheGreekandmathfontsto
EuclidSymbolandEuclidExtra,asshowninthedialogabove,andthenclick
Apply.Onscreen,yourequationwillnowlooklikethis:
andifprintedwilllooklikethis:
u = exp { 21 (x + y )}
TheEuclidfontssuppliedwithMathTypearebasedontheComputerModern
fontstypicallyusedwithTEX,sotheygiveyourdocumentsaTEXlike
appearancethatyoumightpreferforsometypesofwork.Anotherbenefitofthe
EuclidfontsisthattheirregularandGreekcharactershaveaconsistentsize,
whereasTimesandSymbolaresomewhatmismatched.Ofcourse,ifyouusethe
Euclidfontsinyourequations,youwillprobablywanttouseEuclidasthe
primarybodyfontinyourwordprocessingdocument,too.
4. IntheDefineStylesdialog(whichshouldstillbeopenfromstep3),click
ResettoreturntousingtheTimesandSymbolfonts.
5. ClickontheAdvancedbuttontodisplayamoreextensiveformofthe
DefineStylesdialog.Thisisshownbelow:
42
Tip
The changes you make
in this dialog apply to
the current equation.
Check Use for new
equations to use the
settings for new
equations as well.
Thenamesoftheelevenstylesarelistedinthedialogbox,togetherwiththefont
andcharacterstyleassignedtoeach.Theequationyouhavejustcreatedusesthe
Function,Variable,L.C.Greek,Number,andSymbolstyles.Thelettersexpare
recognizedastheabbreviationfortheexponentialfunction,andareassignedthe
Functionstyle;u,x,andyaretreatedasvariablesandassignedtheVariable
style;and,beinglowercaseGreekletters,areassignedtheL.C.(lowercase)
Greekstyle,andthenumbersinthefractionusetheNumberstyle.Thesymbols
=()+usetheSymbolstyle.(Theanglebracketsandfractionbarareinternalto
MathTypeanddonotuseastyle.)Thesestylesareappliedautomaticallyasyou
createtheequation,becauseyouareusingtheMathstylemode.Thisautomatic
styleassignmentistheadvantageyougainbyusingtheMathstylemodewhen
creatingequations.
More About Styles

The subject of
MathTypes styles is
Chapter 7.
Weregoingtochangesomeofthestylessoyouunderstandhowtheyaffectan
equationsappearance.Normallyyouwouldntworkthisway;youdchange
fontsusingtheSimpleversionofthisdialog.
6. ChooseanewfontfortheFunctionstyle.Thestyleisprobablydefinedas
Times.PressonthearrownexttothefontnameintheFunctionrowandchoose
adifferentfont.Youwillwanttochooseafontthatlooksnoticeablydifferent
fromTimes,sothattheeffectofthechangewillbeobvious.Agoodchoice
wouldbeasansseriffontsuchasHelvetica.
43

7. ChoosetheOKbutton.Yourequationwillberedisplayedusingthenew
Functionstyledefinition.Yourequationshouldnowlooklikethis:
Thefunctionabbreviation,exp,isdisplayedusingthenewfont.Ofcourse,you
probablywouldntwantyourequationtolooklikethisweresimply
demonstratingtheeffectofchangingtheFunctionstyledefinition.
TheVariablestyledefinitionisusedforallordinaryalphabeticcharactersexcept
fortheonesinfunctionabbreviations.Inthecurrentequation,thisincludesu,x,
andy.Veryoften,accordingtoconvention,theonlydifferenceyouwant
betweentheVariableandFunctionstylesisfortheVariablestyletobedefinedas
italic.LetsredefinetheVariablestylesothatitsconsistentwiththenew
Functionstyledefinition.
8. Again,chooseDefinefromtheStylemenu.IntheDefineStylesdialogbox,
pressonthearrownexttofontnameintheVariablerow,andchoosethesame
fontassignedtotheFunctionstyle.Checkthattheitaliccharacterstyleischecked
forVariable,butnotforFunction.
LetsalsochangetheNumberstylesothatitusesthesamefontasFunctionand
Variable.Youwillfindthatthismakestheequationlookbetter.Finally,turnoff
theitaliccharacterstylefortheL.C.Greekstylebyremovingthecheckinthe
CharacterStylecolumn.LowercaseGreeklettersareusuallyitalicized,butlets
experimentwiththis.NotethatforthetwoGreekstylesandtheSymbolstyle
youcanonlyassignfontswiththesameencoding(arrangementofcharacters)as
theSymbolfont.ThistypicallyrestrictsyourchoicetoSymbol,EuclidSymbol,
orsomeothersimilarsymbolicfont.
9. ChoosetheOKbutton.Yourequationwillberedisplayedusingthenew
styledefinitions.Ifyouareusingthefontsweverecommended,theequation
1
2
Thevariablesu,x,andy,andthenumbersinthefraction nowusethenew
fontdefinitions,andthelowercaseGreeklettersandarenolongeritalicized.
Youmaywanttousestyledefinitionssuchastheseforequationsinadocument
inwhichthetextiswritteninHelveticaorGaramond.Whenprinted,the
equationwilllooklikethis:
u = exp { 21 ( x + y )}
Toresetthestyledefinitions,opentheDefineStylesdialogandclickReset.
44
Tip
You can also CONTROLCLICK in the Style panel
of the Status Bar to
open the Style menu.
Whileworkingthroughthistutorial,youhaveprobablynoticedthateachofthe
stylesisalsolistedasacommandontheStylemenu.Thisallowsyouto
explicitlyassignaparticularstyletoselectedorsubsequentlytypedcharacters.
TheOthercommandontheStylemenucanbeusedtoassignanyfontavailable
onyourcomputertoselectedorsubsequentlytypedcharacters.Pleasesee
Chapter7forfurtherdetails.
Tutorial 9: Equation Numbering in Microsoft Word

ThistutorialdescribeshowtousetheMathTypecommandsfornumbering
equationsinMicrosoftWorddocuments.AlthoughWordhasitsownmethodfor
numberingequations(usingcaptions),Wordplacesthemaboveorbelowan
item,nottotheside,whichistypicallyhowequationsarenumbered.Usingthe
MathTypetoolbarinWord,youcanenterinline,displayandnumbereddisplay
equationswithjustoneclick.
Weregoingtocreatethefollowingportionofadocumenttoillustratethe
equationnumberingcommands.
We now have two basic equations:

cos 2 + sin2 = 1
(1.1)
cos 2 sin2 = cos 2
(1.2)
Adding these two together, we obtain

cos 2 = 12 (1 + cos 2)
(1.3)
Subtracting (1.2) from (1.1) gives

sin2 = 12 (1 cos 2)
(1.4)
Using (1.4) we can show that cos 2 = 1 2 sin2 .
However,weregoingtocreateitinaslightlyunrealisticsequence,inorderto
illustratethepowerandflexibilityofthenumberingcommands.
1. RunMicrosoftWordandcreateanewdocument.
2. Enterthefollowingtext:Wenowhavetwobasicequations:
3. Clickonthe buttononWordsMathTypetoolbar,orchoosetheInsert
RightNumberedDisplayEquationcommandontheMathTypemenu.
45

4. Adialogwillappearaskingifyouwanttocreateanewchapter/section
breakatthestartofthisdocument.Wellexplainthemeaningofthislaterinthe
tutorial.Fornow,justclickOK.
Word Styles Used
The line containing the
equation is formatted
with Words
MTDisplayEquation
style, which you can
modify to affect all
display equations in
your document.
5. IntheMathTypewindowthatopens,enterthefollowingequation:
cos 2 + sin2 = 1
thenclosetheMathTypewindow.InyourWorddocument,noticethatthe
equationiscenteredandtheequationnumberisalignedwiththerightmargin.
6. Repeatstep3andinsertthefollowingequationintoyourWorddocument:
cos 2 sin2 = cos 2
7. Enterthefollowingtext,followedbyaspacecharacter,atthestartofthe
nextline:Subtracting
Equation References
You can jump to an
equation in your
document quickly by
double-clicking on any
of its references. Then
press SHIFT+F5 to jump
back to the reference.
In large documents try
splitting your window
into two panes (search
for split in Words Help).
Insert the references in
one pane and scroll and
double-click on the
equation numbers in the
other.
You can place
equation number
references in footnotes
and endnotes.
8. Nowinsertareferencetotheseconddisplayequation.Clickthe button
ontheMathTypetoolbarorchoosetheInsertEquationReferencecommandon
theMathTypemenu.TheInsertEquationReferencedialogwillappear,
displayingbriefinstructionsaboutinsertinganequationnumberreference.Once
youarefamiliarwiththeprocessyoucanclickintheDontshowmethisagain
checkbox.Fornow,clickOK,thendoubleclickontheequationnumber(1.2).
Youllseethatthenumber(1.2)isinsertedintoyoursentence.
9. Typefromandthenenterareferencetoequation(1.1)usingthemethod
describedinstep8.Youmaywanttoenteraspacebeforeandafterthereference.
10. Thentypegivesandinsertthefollowingnumbereddisplayequation:
sin2 = 12 (1 cos 2)
11. Atthestartofthefollowingline,typeUsingandinsertareferenceto
equation(1.3).Completethelinebytypingwecanshowthat
12. Clickthe
buttononWordsMathTypetoolbar,orchoosetheInsertInline
EquationcommandontheMathTypemenu,andinsertthefollowingequation:
cos 2 = 1 2 sin2 .
Noticehowthisequationisinsertedinthelineoftext(hencethenameinline
equation).Wordalsoalignstheequationwiththebaselineofthetext.Your
documentshouldnowlooklikethis:
46
cos 2 + sin2 = 1
(1.1)
cos 2 sin2 = cos 2
(1.2)
Subtracting (1.2) from (1.1) gives

sin2 = 12 (1 cos 2)
(1.3)
Using (1.3) we can show that cos 2 = 1 2 sin2 .

Nowwellinsertanotherequationinthemiddleofthisexampletodemonstrate
automaticrenumbering.
13. PlacetheinsertionpointbeforethewordSubtracting,andenterthe
followingtext:Addingthesetwotogether,weobtain
Equation Numbers
You can insert just an
equation number using
the Insert Equation
Number command.
If Updating Is Slow
If updating takes too
long, uncheck Update
equation numbers
automatically in the
Format Equation
Numbers dialog. Then
use the Update
Equation Numbers
command to manually
update the numbers.
14. Insertthisrightnumbereddisplayequation:
cos 2 = 12 (1 + cos 2)
Youllseethatthenewequationisnumbered(1.3),andthefollowingequation
numberanditsreferencehavebeenrenumberedto(1.4).Yourdocumentshould
nowlookliketheexampleatthestartofthistutorial.
Wheneveryouinsertanequationnumberoranequationreference,allnumbers
inthedocumentareupdated.However,ifyoumoveordeleteanequation
number,youmustusetheUpdateEquationNumberscommandonthe
MathTypemenutoregeneratethenumbersequence.Also,beawarethat
deletinganequationnumberdoesnotautomaticallydeleteanyofitsreferences;
youllhavetodothisyourself.YoucanfindthembyusingtheUpdateEquation
Numberscommand,whichwillcauseWordtodisplayanerrormessageinplace
ofeachreference.Youcanthendeletethem.
Equation Number Formats

Youcanalsocontroltheformatofequationnumbers.
Whole Document
To change the format of
existing equation
numbers you must
check the Whole
Document checkbox.
Otherwise youre only
setting the format for the
next number(s) you
insert.
15. ChoosetheFormatEquationNumberscommandontheMathTypemenu
(theresnotoolbarbuttonforthiscommand).ChecktheWholeDocument
checkbox(tochangetheexistingnumbers)andchangetheEnclosureoptionto<>
(anglebrackets).Thepreviewshowsyoutheresultofyoursettings.ClickOK,
andyoullseetheequationnumbersandreferenceschangetothenewformat.
Youmaywanttoexperimentwithsomeofthesettingstherearemany
possiblecombinations.
47

Chapter/Section Breaks
Section Numbers
If you dont want section
numbers included, you
can turn them off in the
Format Equation
Numbers dialog.
Thedefaultequationnumberformatincludesasectionnumberandanequation
number,e.g.(1.1).Youcanalsoincludeachapternumberifneeded.Thechapter
andsectionnumbersaredeterminedbythenearestprecedingChapter/Section
Breakinyourdocument.Youinsertandmodifythesebreaksusingcommands
ontheMathTypemenu.Wealreadyinsertedoneatthestartofthisdocumentas
partofinsertingthefirstequationnumber.Nowwellchangeitsvalue.
Show Chapter/Section
Breaks
You can show and hide
chapter/section breaks
by clicking on the
Show/Hide ( ) button
in Words toolbar. This
shows and hides the
MTEquationSection
style, as well as other
hidden marks and
styles.
16. ChoosetheModifyChapter/SectionBreakcommandontheMathType
menu.ThelocationofthesectionbreakwillbehighlightedandtheModify
Chapter/SectionBreakdialogwillopen.LetsassumewereworkingonSection2
ofabook,sowewantthesectionnumbertobe2andtheequationnumbertobe
1.ChoosetheSectionnumber:buttonandenter2.TheNextoptioncanbe
usefulifyourdocumentcontainsseveralsectionsandyouwantthemnumbered
sequentially.(RememberthattheresnolinkbetweenWordssectionsand
MathTypeschapter/sectionbreaks;itsuptoyoutoassociatethembyplacing
thebreaksintheappropriateplacesinyourdocument).NowclickOK.The
chapter/sectionbreakwillbehidden,andtheequationnumbersinthedocument
willallstartwith2.
Ifyouvefollowedthesestepsyourdocumentshouldlooksomethinglikethis:

cos 2 + sin2 = 1
<2.1>
cos 2 sin2 = cos 2
<2.2>
Adding these two together, we obtain

cos 2 = 12 (1 + cos 2)
<2.3>
Subtracting <2.2> from <2.1> gives

sin2 = 12 (1 cos 2)
<2.4>
Using <2.4> we can show that cos 2 = 1 2 sin2 .
MathTypesequationnumberingcommandscansupportthreelevelsof
numbering,e.g.chapter,sectionandequationnumbers.Youcancontrolthe
formatofthenumbersandcreateyourowncustomformats.Thefollowing
tutorialshowsyouhowtodothis;wellusethedocumentwecreatedinthis
tutorialsodontdeleteit!
48
Tutorial 10: Advanced Equation Numbering in

Microsoft Word
Thesimpleequationnumberingexampleshownintheprevioustutorialis
sufficientformanydocuments,butsometimesyoumayneedtocreateathird
levelofnumbers.Forexampleyourdocumentmayrequirechapter,sectionand
equationnumbers.Or,youmayfindthatthebuiltinnumberformatsdont
matchyourneedsandyoudliketocreateacustomnumberformat.Thistutorial
showsyouhowtoaccomplishbothtasks.
1. Openthedocumentyoucreatedintheprevioustutorial.
2. OpentheFormatEquationNumbersdialogbychoosingtheFormat
EquationNumberscommandontheMathTypemenu.
3. Thesettingsshouldappearasshownabove.Thetopgroupofitemscontrols
thenumberformat.Wewanttoaddachapternumber,sochecktheChapter
Numbercheckbox.Noticehowthepreviewchangesto<1.1.1>).
49

4. ChecktheWholedocumentcheckboxsothatthechangeswemakewillbe
appliedtoallexistingequationnumbers.ThenclickOK.
Youllnoticethatthedocumenthaschanged,andtheequationnumbersnow
read<1.2.1>,<1.2.2>etc.Thisisbecausethechapter/sectionbreakatthestartof
thedocumentsetsthechapternumberto1.Thiswasaddedtothedocument
whenweinsertedthefirstequationnumber.Letspretendwewanttosetthisto
beChapter2.
5. ChoosetheModifyChapter/SectionBreakcommandontheMathTypemenu
andthefollowingdialogwillopen.Youllseethatthebreakitselfhasalsobeen
madevisibleintheWorddocument.
6. ChangetheChapternumbervalueto2andclickOK.Thenumbersinthe
documentshouldnowread<2.2.1>,<2.2.2>etc.
Nowletstrychangingtheformatofthenumbersmoredramatically.Wellset
theformatsothatthenumbersreadEquation2.2.1,Equation2.2.2etc.
7. ChoosetheFormatEquationNumberscommandontheMathTypemenu.
SelecttheAdvancedFormatradiobutton,andenterEquation#C1.#S1.#E1inthe
editbox.YoullseehowthePreviewchanges.
8. ChecktheWholedocumentcheckbox,andclickOK.Theequation
numbersinthedocumentshouldbeupdated.
Youcanexperimentwithdifferentcustomformatsinthismanner.The
languageusedfortheformatsisverysimple,allcharactersareusedliterally
exceptfortheconstructs#Cx,#Sxand#Ex,wherexindicatesthenumeric
representationandcanbeoneof1,a,A,iorI.
AfastwayoflearninghowtocontroltheformattingistoselecttheSimple
Formatbutton,andthenchangethevariousoptions.TheAdvancedFormattext
isstillvisible,anditupdateseverytimeyoumakeachangetothebuiltin
formats.FulldetailsareintheHelpforthisdialog.
50
Tutorial 11: Setting Up a Microsoft Word Document

WhencreatingaMicrosoftWorddocumentcontainingequationsthereare
severalconsiderationsyoushouldkeepinmind.Youllprobablywantthebody
texttomatchtheequationsintermsoffontsandsizes,andyoulltypicallywant
allequationsinthedocumenttouseconsistentformatting,i.e.thesamefontand
sizesettings,aswellasanyotherspecialsettingsyoumayhavemadein
MathType.
Thistutorialshowsyouhowtoachievethesegoals,andhowtoupdatethe
documentsequationsifyoudecidetochangeyourfontsand/orsizes.
Words Styles
If youre not familiar with
Words styles we urge
you to take a few
minutes to learn how to
use them. In Words
Help Contents, search
for styles.
AlthoughWordandMathTypeallowyoutoselecttextandchangeitsfontand
sizedirectly,westronglyrecommendthatyoumakeuseofstyles,instead.Both
programsusethisapproachbecauseitmakesmodifyingthelookofadocument
orequationveryeasy.Yousimplychangethedefinitionofastyle(e.g.from
TimestoHelvetica,orfrom12ptplainto10ptitalic),andyourdocumentor
equationisimmediatelyreformattedwiththenewsettings.
Letsassumethatyourerequiredtoproduceadocumentwherethebodyfontis
10ptTimes.ThefirststepistodefineMathTypessettingstomatchtheWord
document.
1. InMathTypeopentheDefineStylesdialogandsetthemainfonttoTimes
usingtheSimplepane.MakesuretheUsefornewequationsboxischecked,
andclickOK.
Reset
Click Reset to restore
the sizes to their default
values.
Equation Preferences
The definitions of all the
styles, sizes, and
spacing used in an
equation are referred to
collectively as equation
preferences. See
Chapter 7 for more
details.
2. OpentheDefineSizesdialogandsettheFullsizeto10pt.Astheother
dimensionsarebydefaultexpressedaspercentagesofFullsize,MathTypewill
calculatethemtheappropriatevaluesforyou.Again,checktheUsefornew
equationscheckbox,andclickOK.
3. BackinWord,choosetheSetEquationPreferencescommandonthe
MathTypemenu.MakesuretheMathTypesNewEquationpreferences
optionisselected.Thismeansthatwheneveryoucreateanewequationusing
thecommandsontheMathTypemenuorMathTypetoolbar,thesettings
MathTypeiscurrentlysettousefornewequationsaretheonesthatwillbeused.
ClickOKtoclosethisdialog.
Note:youmaynotalwayswanttorelyonMathTypesNewEquation
preferences.Ifyoutendtoworkwithseveraldifferentcombinationsof
MathTypessizeandstyledefinitions,youmaywanttocreateaMathType
preferencefile,andthenchoosethisfileintheSetEquationPreferencesdialog.
ThiswillcopythefilesstyleandsizesettingsintoyourWorddocument,sothat
nomatterwhatchangesyoumaketoMathType,equationscreatedinthis
documentwillalwaysusethesepreferences.
51

4. NowwellcreateaWordstyleforthebodyofthedocument.Choosethe
StylecommandonWordsFormatmenu,clickNewandnamethenewstyle
body.YoullprobablybaseitonWordsbuiltinnormalstyle.Setthenew
stylesfonttoTimes10ptbyclickingontheFormatbuttonandchoosingFont.
Setthesizeto10,thanclickOKtoclosetheFontdialog.
Line Spacing
For a more detailed
discussion of this issue
see Using MathType
with Microsoft Word in
Chapter 5.
5. ClickontheFormatbuttonagainandthistimechooseParagraph.Inthe
dialogsIndentsandSpacingpage,changetheLineSpacingoptiontoExactly,
andtype12ptintheaccompanyingtextbox.ThisforcesWordtousethisvalue
whenspacinglinesoftext,andpreventsWordapplyingextraspacingaround
linesthatcontaininlineequations.ClickOKtoclosethedialog.
6. ClickOKtoclosetheNewStyledialog,andthenclickApplytoclosethe
Styledialog.
YouvenowconfiguredWordandMathTypetousethesamefontandsize
definitions,whichwillmakeequationscloselymatchthelookoftherestofthe
document.Selectthebodystylefirst,thenenteralineortwooftextandinsert
asimpleequation.
Nowletssupposethat,assofrequentlyhappens,youhavetochangethe
documentsfonttoBookman.Tokeepthisexamplesimplewewontchangethe
pointsize,butyoudfollowthesamestepsifthiswerethecase.
Thesearethechangesweneedtomake:
ModifyWordsbodystyletouseBookmaninsteadofTimes.
ModifyMathTypesstylestouseBookmaninsteadofTimes.
Updatetheexistingequationsinthedocumenttousethenewfont.
Thefirsttwostepsareverysimilartohowweoriginallycreatedthestylesand
addedthemtotheWorddocument,sowewontgothroughthemindetail.The
firststepinvolvesusingWordsStyledialog,thesecondsteprequires
MathTypesDefineStylesdialog.
ThethirdstepinvolvestheFormatEquationscommandontheMathTypemenu.
7. ChoosetheFormatEquationscommand,andtheFormatEquationsdialog
willappear.Thisdialogallowsyoutoreformattheequationsinyourdocument,
andprovidesyouwithseveralwaystodeterminetheequationpreferencesthat
areapplied.Thechoicesare:
Theequationpreferencesalreadystoredinthisdocument.
MathTypescurrentequationpreferencesfornewequations.
TheequationpreferencescontainedinaMathTypeequationyouvecopiedto
theclipboard.
TheequationpreferencescontainedinaMathTypepreferencefile.
52
Tip
Click Help for more
details on the other
options.
ForthisexampleclicktheMathTypesNewEquationspreferencesbutton.
YoucanclickPreviewtogetalistoftheactualpreferences.
8. ClickOKandtheformattingprocesswillstart.Thiscantakeanywherefrom
afewsecondstoseveralminutesdependingonthespeedofyourcomputerand
thenumberofequationsinyourdocument.Thecommandsprogressisshown
inWordsstatusbar.Whentheoperationhasfinished,checkthattheequations
wereupdated.
Tutorial 12: Formatting with Tabs

InthisexampleweshowyouhowMathTypessystemoftabsprovidesextra
flexibilityforformattingequations.Weregoingtocreatetheequation:
1
+ 9.76 x
cn ( x) = k
14.3 x
when n is even
when n is odd
andthenformatitseveraldifferentways.Weproceedasfollows:
1. Createtheexpressiononthelefthandsideoftheequalssign.Asyouknow
bynow,youcanchoosethe templateorpressCOMMANDLtoattachthe
subscripttothec.
2. Choosethe templatefromthe
palettetoinsertanexpandingleft
brace.Youshouldnowhavethefollowing:
3. Enterthetopexpressioninthebrace,uptoandincludingthex,andthen
pressCONTROLTAB(presstheTABkeywhileholdingdowntheCONTROLkey).If
youpresstheTABkeyalone,thiswillmovetheinsertionpoint,ratherthaninsert
atabcharacter.
Choosing Styles
Another way to pick a
style is to CONTROL
CLICK in the Style panel
of the status bar and
select the style from the
menu that appears.
4. ChoosetheTextstylefromtheStylemenuandtypeinwhenniseven.
WhileyoureusingtheTextstyle,thespacebarisactiveandyouhavetotype
spaces,asyouwouldinawordprocessor.ChooseShowAllfromtheView
menu,ifitsnotalreadychecked,sothatyoucanseeyourtabcharacter,whichis
displayedasasmalldiamond.Also,chooseRulerfromtheViewmenuifitsnot
alreadychecked.Yourequationshouldlooklikethis:
Notethatthetabcharactercausesthephrasewhenniseventolineup
underneaththefirstdefaulttabstoptotherightofthex.Thedefaulttabstops
53

(indicatedbysmallinvertedTsalongtheRulerscale)arepositionedathalfinch
intervalsstartingatthelefthandsideofthecurrentslot.Sincewearecurrently
withinthemainslotofthe template,thehalfinchintervalsaremeasured
fromtheleftedgeofthisslot,i.e.justtotheleftof 1 .
k
5. PressRETURNtostartanewlineunderneaththefirstone,andtypeinits
contents.YoushouldswitchbacktotheMathstyletoenter14.3x,andswitch
backtoTextagaintotypewhennisodd.Insertatabcharacter(CONTROLTAB)
afterthex,asinthefirstline.Thisshouldgiveyou:
Again,thetextphrasealignswiththefirstdefaulttabstoptotherightofthex.
Notethatyouhavecreatedatwolinepilewithinthe template,andthateach
pileinMathTypehasitsowntabstops.
Changing Styles
You can also use the
keyboard shortcuts
listed on the Style menu,
or CONTROL-CLICK on
the Status Bars Style
panel.
6. SelecttheninthefirstlineandchooseMathfromtheStylemenu.This
makesMathTypeinterpretthenasamathematicalquantity,i.e.avariable,and
willthereforeapplytheVariablestyle(typicallyitalic).Dothesametothenin
thesecondline.
7. Placetheinsertionpointsomewherewithinoneofthetwolinesontheright
handsideoftheequation,clickonthe tabwell,andthenclickontheRuler
justbeforethe1inchmarktosetalefttabstop(clickbelowthelineinthe
Ruler).Thiswillremovealldefaulttabstopstotheleftofthenewtabstop.Your
equationshouldnowbealignedasshownbelow:
Ifthisishowwewanttheequationformatted,thenourworkisfinished.
However,thereareseveralotheroptionsthatareworthexploring.
8. First,weregoingtoalignthetwoxs.Insertatabcharacter(CONTROLTAB)
atthestartofeachofthetwolines.Thiswillcauseeachlinetobeshiftedsothat
itslefthandsidealignswiththelefttabstop.Thetextphraseineachline,sinceit
isseparatedbyanothertabcharacter,willalignwiththefirstavailabledefault
tabstoptotherightofthex.
54
9. Next,clickonthe tabwell,andthenclickontheRulerjusttotheleftof
theprevioustabstop.Thisshouldproducethefollowingresults:
Youcannowchangetheformattingeasilybyjustdraggingthetabstopsaround
ontheRuler.
10. Next,weregoingtoalignthetwodecimalpoints.Toprepareforthis,first
removethe tabbydraggingitdownwardsawayfromtheRulerandthen
releasingthemousebutton.Next,clickonthe tabwell,andthenclickonthe
Rulerattheoneinchmarktosetadecimaltabstop.Yourequationshouldend
uplookinglikethis:
Thatsitforthistutorial,sodeleteyourequationtobereadyforthenexttutorial.
Tutorial 13: Inserting Unusual Symbols

Inthistutorial,youlllearnhowtouseMathTypesInsertSymboldialogtolocate
andusesymbolsthatarenotreadilyavailableinthebuiltinpalettes.Suppose,
forexample,thatyouaregoingtobewritingadocumentaboutsomenewly
inventedoperationsonsetsthatareanalogoustoconventionalunionand
intersection.Youwillwanttofindsymbolstorepresentyournewsetoperations,
anditwouldbeniceiftheseweresimilartotheconventionalandsymbols.
Yourfirstattemptmightbetouseboldversionsoftheconventionalsymbolsto
representyournewoperations,likethis:
A B = A B
A B = A B
Unfortunately,theboldsymbolslooktoomuchliketheregularones,sowelltry
tofindabettersolution.
1. Usingtheoverbartemplate,createtheequationsasshownabove.
2. FromMathTypesEditmenu,chooseInsertSymbol.Thefollowingdialog
willappear:
55
ThisdialogissomewhatsimilartotheoneinMicrosoftWordwhichyoumay
alreadyknowhowtouse.
Getting Detailed Help
To get detailed
information about the
Insert Symbol dialog,
click on the Help button
near its upper right-hand
corner.
YoucanusetheInsertSymboldialogtobrowseallthefontsavailableonyour
computer,andinvestigateMathTypesknowledgeofthem.Specifically,youcan:
Insertaspecificcharacterormathematicalsymbolintoyourequation.
Addafrequentlyusedsymboltothetoolbar.
Addakeyboardshortcutforafrequentlyusedsymbol.
Findasymbolbymatchingwordsinitsdescription.
3. ThefirstplacetolookforusablesymbolsistheSymbolfont,soselect
SymbolfromthelistoffontsnearthetopoftheInsertSymboldialog.Oncethe
fontisselectedyoucanscrollthroughthelargegridofcharactersinthecenterof
thedialog,lookingforlikelyprospects.
56
Larger Symbol Display
To enlarge the
characters in the Insert
Symbol dialog, choose
Workspace Preferences
from MathType's
Preferences menu, and
set Toolbar size to
Medium or Large.
4. YoumightalsolookintheEuclidSymbolfont.NotethattheInsertSymbol
dialogtellsyouthatSymbolandEuclidSymbolhavethesameencoding
(arrangementofcharacters).So,ifyoudontfindthecharacter(s)youneedinone
ofthesefontsyouwontfindthemintheotheroneeither.
5. TheInsertSymboldialogactuallyprovidesamoreintelligentwaytosearch
forthecharactersyouneed,ratherjustbrowsingthroughfonts.IntheViewby
field,chooseDescription.ClickontheNewSearchbutton,typethewordunion,
andchooseOK.Thegridofcharacterswillnowshowyouseveralunionlike
symbols.
6. IntheInsertSymboldialog,uncheckShowoneofeachtoseeallthe
charactersonyourcomputerthatMathTypeknowsabout,andwhichhavethe
wordunionintheirnames.Dependingonwhichfontsyouhaveinstalled,
theremaybeafewdozensuchcharacters.Ifyouareoverwhelmedbythevast
arrayofcharactersshown,clickonShowoneofeachtoreducethenumber.
Thiscausesthedialogtodisplayonlyonecharacter(fromthefirstfontthat
containsit)foreachdescriptionmatchedbythesearchcriteria.
7. Clickonafewofthepromisinglookingunioncharacters,toseewhat
MathTypecantellyouaboutthem.Amongotherthings,MathTypewillgiveyou
adescriptionofthecharacter,thefontinwhichitwasfound,andthe
correspondingkeystroke.
8. Oneofthecharactersyoushouldseeisadoubleunionsymbol fromthe
EuclidMathTwofont.Letsassumethatwewanttousethis,providedwecan
findacorrespondingsymbolforintersection.
9. Usingthetechniquesoutlinedabove,searchforsymbolswithintersection
intheirnames.Youshouldfindadoubleintersectionsymbol ,againinthe
EuclidMathTwofont.
10. IntheViewbylistchooseFont,andselectEuclidMathTwofromthelist
offontsnearthetopoftheInsertSymboldialog.Scrolldowntonearthebottom
ofthecharactergriduntilyouseethe and symbols.Nearbyinthecharacter
grid,youwillseethesquareshapedunionandintersectionsymbols, and .
OursearchdidnotfindthesebecausetheirnamesarederivedfromtheUnicode
standard,whichcallsthemsquarecupandsquarecaprespectively.
Keyboard Shortcuts
The Insert Symbol
dialog allows you to
assign a keyboard
shortcut to any
character in any font.
11. YoucanclickonInserttoinsertsymbolsdirectlyfromtheInsertSymbol
dialog.However,ifyouregoingtobeusingthemrepeatedly,youllwantto
placethemononeofMathTypesbarsforeasieraccess.Press(andholddown)
theCOMMANDkeyanddragthe characterfromthegridintheInsertSymbol
dialogtotheSmallBar.Thendothesameforthe symbol.SeeTutorial5for
moreinformationaboutworkingwithMathTypestoolbars.
57

12. Edityourequationstousethenewsymbols:
As B = A B
At B = A B
MathTypeknowsallabouttheEuclidMathTwofont,soitrealizesthatthe
and symbolsarebinaryoperators,justlikeand,anditputsthecorrect
spacingaroundthemautomatically.Ifyouusecharactersfrommoreobscure
fonts,youllhavetotakeafewextrastepstogetthisautomaticspacingtowork.
TolearnmoreaboutMathTypesknowledgeoffonts,andhowyoucanextendit,
seeChapter8.
Tutorial 14: Creating Web Pages with

Microsoft Word
TheExporttoMathPagecommandprovidestheeasiestwaytoconvertMicrosoft
WorddocumentscontainingequationsintoWebpages.ItsbasedonWords
SaveasWebPagecommand,butsolvestheproblemsthiscommandhas
handlingequations.Chapter6containsmoredetailsonthebackgroundbehind
thisprocess;thistutorialwillshowyouhoweasyitistoproducegreatlooking
technicalWebpages.
1. OpenMicrosoftWordandcreateanewdocumentcontainingthefollowing:
We know that an equation of the form y = ax 2 + bx + c has two roots,

but the roots are not always distinct. Take, for example, the equation
y = x 2 + 4x + 4
(1.1)
= ( x + 2 )( x + 2 ) .
From equation (1.1), we can see that x = 2 when y = 0.
CreatetheequationsusingtheMathTypecommandsInsertInlineEquationand
InsertRightNumberedDisplayEquation.CreatethereferenceusingtheInsert
EquationReferencecommand.UseMathTypesAlignat=commandtoalignthe
twolinesoftheequation.RefertoTutorial6ifyoudontrememberhowtodo
this.
58
Save As Web Page vs.
Exporting
Words Save as Web
Page command saves
the current document as
a Web page and keeps
it open for editing. You
have a document that
can be viewed in a Web
browser and opened in
Word.
MathPage exports a
Web page, which means
that you end up with two
documents; the original
Word document, and the
Web page itself (which
is not editable in Word).
2. SavetheWorddocument,namingitMathPageTutorial.doc.Thenchoosethe
ExporttoMathPagecommandonWordsMathTypemenu(youcanalsoclickon
the buttonontheMathTypetoolbar).Thefollowingdialogwillappear:
YoullseetheTitlehasalreadybeenfilledinwiththedocumentsTitleproperty.
Youcanmodifythisifyouwish;thetextwillbedisplayedinthebrowser
windowstitlebar,andsavedintheWorddocumentsTitleproperty.
3. Makesuretheothersettingsinthedialogareasshownabove.Ifyouand/or
youraudiencearentusingInternetExplorer5exclusively,clicktheAll
browsersradiobutton.
4. ClickOK.Youllnoticesomeactivityonthescreen,andaprogressdialog
thatindicatesthestatusoftheexportingprocess.Itshouldnttakemorethana
fewsecondsforasmalldocumentlikethis.
Yourdefaultbrowserwillopen,displayingapagewhichshouldlookalmost
identicaltoyouroriginalWorddocument.Ifitdidntopen,oryoudidnthave
thisoptionchecked,startyourbrowserandopenthefileyoujustgenerated
(mostbrowsershaveanOpencommandforthispurpose).
Discovering
MathZoom
You may want to add a
note to your Web site
explaining how
MathZoom works so that
your audience will know
to click on the equations
to zoom them.
5. Inyourbrowser,noticehowtheinlineequationsareperfectlyalignedwith
thesurroundingtext.NowletstrytheMathZoomfeature.Movethemouse
pointeroveroneoftheequationsandclick.Youllseeamagnifiedversionofthe
equationappear.Thisallowsyoutoclearlyseesmallitemssuchassubscripts,
superscriptsandembellishments,evenwhenthetextissmall.Youcanzoomin
onasmanyequationsasyoulike.Clickagainonanequationtorevertbacktoits
normalsize.YoucancloseallzoomedequationsbyholdingdowntheSHIFTkey
andclickinginoneofthezoomedequations.
59

ThisfeatureiscontrolledbytheMathZoomcheckboxintheMathPagedialog.
Youmaywanttodisableitfordocumentswherethezoomfeatureisntuseful,
forexamplewhentheequationsarealreadylarge.Also,documentscontaininga
largenumber(>100)ofequationsmaydownloadslightlyfasterwithMathZoom
turnedoff.Otherwise,wesuggestyoualwaysleaveMathZoomon.
6. PrinttheWebpageusingthebrowsersPrintcommand.Noticehownicely
theequationsappear,andthattheymatchthequalityofthedocumentstext.
EventhoughMathPageisusingGIFimagestheequationsprintwithlaser
printerquality.
Copying Equations
The ability to drag an
equation to MathType
can be very useful, but
you cannot use it to
modify the Web page!
MathPage generates
multiple versions of
each equation, and
youd have to edit all of
them identically for this
to work. To modify the
equations you should
edit the original Word
document and run the
MathPage command
again.
7. WithmostbrowsersyoucanclickinanequationanddragittoaMathType
window.AnewMathTypewindowopenscontainingtheequation.Thisgreat
featuremeansthatyouandpeoplewhoviewyourpagescanmakeuseofthe
equationswithouthavingtorecreatethem.
Youllseethattheequationnumberandreferencedisplayproperlytoo.Equation
referencesalsoactashyperlinkstotheequationnumbertheyreference,although
youllneedalargerdocumentthanthistoseethisinaction.
Ifyouwanttoexperimentsomemore,youcanmodifytheWorddocumentand
runtheExporttoMathPagecommandagain.Althoughitspossibletodirectly
edittheWebpage,westronglyrecommendthatyouperformyoureditingin
Word.ThegeneratedWebpagecontainsalotofscriptblocksandiftheyre
incorrectlymodifiedthepagemaynotdisplayproperlyinabrowser.Tryadding
somemoreequationstothetext,andperhapssomeequationnumberreferences.
YoucouldalsotryaddingatabletoseehowitappearsinaWebpage;ingeneral
tablesshouldbeusedforalignmentandlayoutratherthanusingtabs.
FormoreinformationaboutMathPageseeChapter6ofthismanual,MathTypes
onlinehelpandtheMathTypeWebsiteatwww.dessci.com.
Tutorial 15: Creating Web Pages with GIF Files

Export to MathPage
The easiest way to
create technical Web
pages is to use
MathTypes Export to
MathPage command in
Word. See Tutorial 14
and Chapter 6 for more
information.
ThistutorialteachesyouanotherwaytocreateWebpagescontainingequations.
ThisapproachshouldonlybeusedwhenconvertingaWorddocumentintoa
WebpageusingMathPageisnotappropriate.ItinvolvescreatingGIFequation
filesandinsertingthemintoyourWebpages.AsMathTypecanproduceGIF
files,itisanexcellenttoolforthispurpose.MathTypewillevengeneratethe
HTMLneededtolinkyourWebpagetothenewlygeneratedMathTypeGIFfile.
MathTypegeneratedGIFfileshaveseveraladvantagesoverGIFfilesproduced
inotherways:
Theycanbeantialiasedtoproducebetterlookingsmoothededges.
Theyaresmall(typicallybeingmonochrome),allowingforfasterdownloads.
TheycanbeeditedatalaterdateinMathType.
60
PeoplecansavetheGIFfilefromtheWebpage,openitwithMathTypeand
thenplacetheequationintootherdocumentsinanyofMathTypessupported
formats.
Adobe Acrobat
Another approach for
creating Web
documents is to use
Adobe Acrobats PDF
file format. Chapter 5
contains information
about this approach.
Inserting a GIF File Into a Document

1. RunMathTypeandyourHTMLeditingprogram.
2. InMathType,choosetheWebandGIFPreferencescommandfromthe
Preferencesmenu.ThisdialogcontainsoptionsforsettingtheGIFfiles
resolution(dotsperinch),theimagesbackground,andtheHTMLcodeto
generatewhentheGIFfileissaved.Fornow,checktheCopyHTML/Textto
clipboardonGIFfilesaveitem.
3. CreateasimpleequationinMathTypeandchooseSaveAsontheFile
Menu.
Automatic File
Numbering
If you are creating lots of
equation files MathType
can number them for
you. Chapter 5 contains
more details.
4. SelectGIFFileFormat,typeinthefilenameyoudesire,andsavethe
equationinthesamefolderasyourHTMLdocument.MathTypewillgenerate
HTMLcodeforthisequationandcopyittotheclipboard.
5. UsingyourHTMLeditor,bringtheHTMLdocumenttothefront.
6. Placetheinsertionpointwhereyouwanttheequationtobeinserted.Ifyou
areusingatexteditoryoucanpastetheHTMLintoyourdocument.Ifyouare
usingaWYSIWYGHTMLeditoryouwillhavetouseitsmethodforinserting
plainHTMLcode(lookforanInsertHTMLorViewSourcecommand).
7. SaveyourHTMLdocumentandopenitinyourWebbrowser.Youwillsee
theequationembeddedinyourWebpage.
YoucanantialiasMathTypeequationstoimprovetheirappearanceinWeb
pages.Thistechniquesmoothestheiredgesandmakesthemlooklessjagged.
8. SwitchbacktoMathType,opentheWebandGIFPreferencesdialog,check
Smoothedges(antialiasing)andthenclosethedialog.
Background Color
The Web and GIF
Preferences dialog lets
you control the
background color of the
equation, including
making it transparent.
Setting GIF Resolution

You can set the
resolution of GIF files in
the Web and GIF
Preferences dialog.
9. SavetheMathTypeequation,thenswitchbacktoyourbrowserandrefresh
thecurrentpage.Youllseetheappearanceoftheequationchange.Antialiasing
worksbetterforsomeequationsthanothers(ingeneralitsbetteronlarge
equationsthansmallones).
ThedefaultHTMLcodegeneratedbyMathTypeincludestheGIFfilenameand
itsdimensions,andissufficientformostcases.Youcanmodifythiscodeinthe
WebandGIFPreferencesdialog;consultthisdialogsHelpformoredetails.
SavinganequationasascreenresolutionGIFimageprovidesforfast
downloads,butitwillnotprintwithlaserprinterquality.Forbetterprinting,
createtheGIFatahigherresolution,atthecostofincreaseddownloadtime.For
mostuses300dpiissufficient;higherresolutionsarentnoticeablybetterunless
youreprintingonaveryhighresolutiondevice.
61

TouseahighresolutionGIF,firstgenerateitatalowerresolution,either96or
120dpi.PastetheHTMLthatMathTypegeneratesintoyourdocument,this
containstheappropriatescreensizefortheequationinthebrowser.Nowresave
thesamefile,usingthesamenamebutatahigherresolution.Whendisplayed
onthescreenthebrowserwillscaledowntheGIF.Whenprinted,itwillusethe
fullresolutionoftheGIF.Thescreendisplaymaynotbeascleanastheoriginal
lowresolutionGIF,asthescalingcanintroducejaggededges.Youmayneedto
experimentwithafewdifferentresolutions.
YoucanalsousetheHTMLIMGtagsmediaattributetodisplaydifferentGIFs
onscreenandwhenprinting,e.g.alowresolutionGIFonscreen,andahigh
resolutionGIFforprinting.SeeyourHTMLreferenceformoredetailsaboutthis
attribute.
Gettinganequationtoalignwiththebaselineofthesurroundingtextcanbean
artuntoitself.IttypicallyinvolvesusingCascadingStyleSheets(CSS)and
manualformatting.AsstandardsevolveandWebbrowsersconstantlychange,
itsdifficulttorecommendasolutionthatworksinallbrowsers.MathMLisa
newstandardforexpressingmathinWebpages.MathTypecangenerate
MathMLseeTutorial17andChapter6formoredetails.VisittheDesign
Sciencewebsiteatwww.dessci.comforourlatestrecommendations.
Tutorial 16: Customizing the Keyboard

Watch the Status Bar
As you move the mouse
over items in the
palettes, MathTypes
status bar displays a
brief description of the
current item, including
its keyboard shortcut if
one has been defined.
MathTypehasbuiltinkeyboardshortcutsformanyofitscommands,andthe
mostcommonlyusedsymbolsandtemplates.However,youcanchangeanyof
MathTypesshortcuts,andyoucanalsoassignyourownshortcutsforanyitems
youplaceonthetoolbar.SeeMathTypesonlinehelpforacompletelistofthe
builtinshortcuts.
Wellstartbydefiningashortcutforatemplatethatdoesntalreadyhaveone.
1. Letsassumethatyouhavetocreateseveralequationsthatincludethe
template(openbrackets).MathTypedoesnotdefineashortcutforthistemplate.
Toassignone,firstchoosetheCustomizeKeyboardcommandonthePreferences
menu.
2. TheCustomizeKeyboarddialogwillappear.ThepaneltitledCommand:
containsahierarchicallistofalltheMathTypecommandsthatcanbeassigned
keyboardshortcuts.Wewanttoassignonetoatoolbaritem,soclickonthe
nexttotheToolbarCommandscategory.Anindentedlistwillappear
underneathToolbarCommands.Clickonthe nexttoTemplatesinthislist,and
thenonthe nexttoFenceTemplates.
3. SelecttheOpenBracketsitem(youmayhavetoscrollthelistdownalittle
forthisitemtoappear).Thetemplate
willappearinthepanelnexttothe
descriptionsoyoucanconfirmyouveselectedthecorrecttemplate.
62
4. ClickintheeditboxlabeledEnternewshortcutkey(s).
5. TypeCOMMANDT,followedby[.Noticethatamessageappearsbelowthe
boxindicatingthatthisshortcutisalreadyassignedtotheLeftBracket
command.IfweweretoassignthiscombinationtotheOpenBracketstemplate,
itwouldberemovedfromtheLeftBracketcommand.Whenassigningnew
shortcutsalwayscheckthatyoudontaccidentallyoverwriteanexisting
shortcut.
Multiple Shortcuts
You can assign more
than one shortcut for the
same command.
6. PressDELETEonce,andthentypeOPTION[.Thistimetheresnocurrent
assignment.NowclicktheAssignbutton,andyoullseetheshortcutappearin
theCurrentKeyslist,aswellasbeingappendedtotheOpenBracketsiteminthe
listofcommands.
7. ClickClosetoclosethedialog,thentypeCOMMANDTfollowedbyOPTION[.
templateappearintheequationwindow.
Youllseethe
Customize Keyboard
The Customize
Keyboard dialog lets you
reset a commands
shortcut to its default
setting by selecting it
and clicking Reset
Selection. Click Reset
All to reset every
commands shortcuts
back to their original
settings.
AstherearesomanycommandsavailableinMathType,bothonekeyandtwo
keyshortcutsaresupported.MathTypedefinesshortcutsformanytemplates
usingtheformCOMMANDTfollowedbyanothercharacter,whichiswhywe
usedthisparticularcombination.Ofcourse,yourefreetodefineyourown
schemesasyouseefit.
Assigning a Shortcut to a Toolbar Expression

8. MakesuretheSmallTabbedBarisvisibleandclickontheAlgebratab.
Weregoingtoassignashortcuttothe 2 expression,whichshouldbethelast
iteminthebarunlessyouvemodifiedthecontents.
9. CONTROLCLICKonthe 2 expressionandchoosethePropertiescommand
fromthecontextmenuthatappears.IntheExpressionPropertiesdialogyoull
seethesamekeyboardshortcutitemswesawintheCustomizeKeyboarddialog.
10. EntertheshortcutOPTIONRforthisexpressionandclosethedialog.
11. TypeOPTIONR,and 2 willbeinsertedintotheequationwindow.
WecouldhaveassignedashortcutforthisexpressionusingtheCustomize
Keyboarddialog,butlocatingthecommandwouldhaveinvolvedclickingon
ToolbarCommands,Tabs,Algebra,SmallBar,Expression14.Usingthe
expressionsPropertiesdialogisalotfaster!
Tutorial 17: Working with TEX, LATEX & MathML

ThistutorialteachesyouhowtoconvertMathTypeequationsintotextual
markuplanguages,suchasTEX, LATEX,andMathML.Ourmainfocuswillbeon
LATEX,buttechniquesforotherlanguagesareverysimilar.
Increatingyour LATEXdocument,weassumeyouwillberunningMathTypeat
thesametimeasyourusualTEXsystem.
63

Supposeyouwanttocreatethefollowingparagraphinyour LATEXdocument:
In the quadratic formula
x=
b b 2 4ac
2a
2
the discriminant b 4ac is the most important term
Thestepsareasfollows:
1. TypeInthequadraticformulainyourtexteditor.
2. RunMathType.
3. FromMathTypesPreferencesmenu,chooseTranslators.Inthedialogthat
appears,settheoptionsasshownbelow,andthenchooseOK.
4. CreatetheequationinMathType.Notethattherighthandsideofthe
equationisonthetoolbarsAlgebratab.
5. FromMathTypesEditmenu,chooseSelectAllandthenCopy(ortype
COMMANDA,thenCOMMANDC).
6. Switchbacktoyourtexteditor,andchoosePaste.Thiswillinsertthe
followingtextintoyourdocument:
\[
x = \frac{{ - b\pm \sqrt {b^{2} - 4ac} }}{{2a}}
\]
64
Ifyouarefamiliarwith LATEX,youwillrecognizethisasthe LATEXsourcecode
forthequadraticformula.
7. Continuetypingthediscriminant,andthenswitchbacktoMathType.
8. Createthediscriminantterm b 2 4ac .
9. InMathTypesFormatmenu,chooseInlineEquation.ThismakesMathType
generatetheappropriate LATEXcodeforaninlineequation.
10. Copytheequationandpasteitintoyourtextdocument,andthentypeisthe
mostimportantterm.Yourdocumentshouldnowlooksomethinglikethis
In the quadratic formula
\[
x = \frac{{ - b\pm \sqrt {b^2 - 4ac} }}{{2a}}
\]
the discriminant $ {b^{2} - 4ac} $ is the most important
term.
Translator Options
Converting Equations
If you want MathTypes
Convert Equations
command in Word to
work with your
equations, you must turn
on the Include
MathType data in
translation and Include
translator name in
translation options.
InmanysituationsitisusefultobeabletotransferoldequationsfromaTEX
documentbackintoMathTypeforeditingorreuse.Thisispossible,provided
theequationswereoriginallycreatedinMathTypewithsuitabletranslator
optionsset.Tounderstandtheapproach,chooseTranslatorsfromMathTypes
Preferencesmenu,andchecktheboxlabeledIncludeMathTypedatain
translation.NowcreatethequadraticformulaagainandCopyandPasteitinto
yourtextdocument.Thistime,theresultingtextwillbe
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr
% 4rNCHbGeaGqiFu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9
% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x
% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacq
% GHsislcaWGIbGaeyySae7aaOaaaeaacaWGIbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaI
% YaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGinaiaadggacaWGJbaaleqaaaGcbaGaaGOmai
% aadggaaaaaaa!40C9!
\[
x = \frac{{ - b\pm \sqrt {b^2 - 4ac} }}{{2a}}
\]
Thefirstfewlinesoftextstartingwitha%signareaTEXcommentcontaining
MathTypesownprivaterepresentationofyourequation.Youmustincludethis
commentwhenyoupastetheequationbackintoMathTypesoitwillbe
convertedbackintoanormalMathTypeequation.Ifyouomitthecomment,or
changeitinanyway,thetransferbacktoMathTypewillnotwork.TEX
65

commentsareignoredduringthetypesettingprocess,sotheywillhavenoeffect
onyourfinaloutput.
MathTypesTranslatorsdialogalsoprovidestheIncludetranslatornamein
translationoption,whichhelpstodelineateandidentifyequationsinyour
documents.Thismightbeusefulifyouwanttowriteprogramsthatsearchyour
TEXsourcefileslookingforequationsandprocessingtheminsomeway.
Other Translators
MathTypeincludestranslatorsforseveraldialectsofTEX(PlainTEX,AMSTEX,
LATEX,andAMS LATEX).ThesedialectscorrespondtovariouspackagesofTEX
macros,whichyoumustloadbeforeyoutypesetyourdocument.Forexample,to
typesetAMS LATEXcode,youmustincludethecommands
\documentclass{amsart}or\usepackage{amsmath},orsomeequivalent
somewhereinthepreambleofyourdocument.PleaseconsultyourTEXor LATEX
documentationformoredetails.
MathML
See www.w3.org/math
for more information on
MathML.
WealsosupplytranslatorsforMathML,amarkuplanguagebasedonXML
(eXtensibleMarkupLanguage)forencodingmathematics.Asofthiswriting
MathML2.0isthelatestversion.MathTypecomeswiththreeMathML2.0
translatorsthatonlydifferinthenamespaceinwhichtheMathMLisplaced.
WhichoneyoushouldpickisdeterminedbytheMathMLrendereryouuse;
eitherabrowserplugin(WebEQ,MathPlayer,etc.),orabrowserwithbuiltin
MathMLsupport(Netscape7,MozillaorAmaya).AfourthMathMLtranslator
generatesMathML1.0.SeeMathTypesonlinehelporvisitourWebsite,
www.dessci.com,forfurtherdescriptionofourMathMLtranslators.
Creating and Modifying Translators

Ifourstandardtranslatorsdonotmeetyourneeds,youmaywanttomodifyone
ofthemorwriteoneofyourown.Eachtranslatorisdrivenbyatranslationfile
writteninourTranslatorDefinitionLanguage(TDL).YouwillfindseveralTDL
filesinMathTypesTranslatorsfolder,andyoucaneditthesetosuityourneeds,
orwritecompletelynewones.Toobtaindetaileddocumentationonwriting
translatorsvisittheDesignSciencewebsite,www.dessci.com.
Tutorial 18: Export Equations from Microsoft Word

InthistutorialweshowyouhowtoexporttheequationsinaWorddocumentto
individualgraphicsfiles.YoucanexportthemasGIF,PICTorEPSfiles,andyou
cancontrolthelocationandnamingofthefiles.Youalsohavetheoptionto
replaceeachexportedequationinthedocumentwiththenameofits
correspondingfile.ThisfeaturecanbeusefulwhenimportingWorddocuments
intodesktoppublishingprograms.Manydontimportembeddedequationsvery
well,preferringindividualequationfiles.TheExportEquationscommandmakes
thisprocessmucheasier.
66
1. LaunchWordandcreateadocumentcontainingacoupleofequations.
2. ChoosetheExportEquationscommandontheMathTypemenu.TheExport
Equationsdialogwillappear.
3. EnteralocationintheFolderfield.Youcaneithertypethenameofafolder
orclicktheBrowsebuttonandselectafolder.Ifyouenterthenameofafolder
thatdoesntexistyouwillbeaskedifyouwanttocreateit.ChecktheDeleteall
filesofsametypeinfoldercheckboxifyouwantallfileswiththesame
extensiondeletedfromthisfolderbeforeexporting.Becarefulifyouselectthis
option;ifyouexportasGIFfilestoacommonfolderthenevery.giffileinthis
folderwillbedeleted!Itsusuallysafesttocreateanewfolderforeachsetof
exportedequationfiles.
GIF Settings
You can set the
resolution, background
color and other
attributes of GIF files in
MathTypes Web and
GIF Preferences dialog.
4. Selecttheformatoftheexportedequationfiles.Youcanalsosetthefilename
patternandthestartingnumber.Theaboveexamplewillcreatethefiles
Eqn001.eps,Eqn002.epsetc.SettingthepatterntoPhysIntro####andthefirst
numberto50willcreatethefilesPhysIntro0050,PhysIntro0051etc.Youmay
wanttoexperimentwithdifferentpatternsandnumbers.
5. ChecktheReplaceequationwithfilenamecheckboxifyouwantto
replaceeachexportedequationwiththecorrespondingfilename.Forexample,
theabovesettingswouldinsertthetext<<Eqn001.eps>>inplaceofthefirst
exportedequation.Clearthischeckboxifyouwanttoleavetheequationsinthe
documentunmodified.
6. ChoosetheWholedocumentoptionifyouwanttoexportallequationsin
thedocument.TheCurrentselectionoptionisenabledonlywhenyouselecta
portionofthedocumentbeforerunningtheExportEquationscommand.
7. ClickOKtostarttheexportingprocess.Whentheprocesshasfinisheda
dialogappearsindicatinghowmanyequationswereexported.
67
What To Do Next
Thisconcludesthelastofourtutorials.Wecertainlyhaventcoveredeverything
thatMathTypecando,butifallwentwellthenyouvegraspedthebasic
principles.Chapter5containsadditionalinformationaboutusingMathType
withotherapplications.Chapter6introducesMathTypesMathPagetechnology,
andshowshowyoucangenerategreatlookingWebpagesfromWord
documents.
Chapters7and8coverMathTypestylesandadvancedformatting.Itsnot
necessarytoreadthemimmediately,butonceyouveprogressedbeyond
creatingsimpleequationsyoullfindthemworthreading.Theindexisvery
complete,soitshouldbequiteeasyforyoutofindtheinformationyouneed.If
yougetstuck,pleasegetintouchwithusourcontactinformationislistedat
theveryendofChapter1.
68
Chapter 5
Working with Other Applications
Introduction
ThischapterdescribestheuseofMathTypewithotherapplications.Wediscuss
generalmethodsforimportingandeditingequations,andalsodiscussspecific
techniquesforusingMathTypewithMicrosoftWordandTEX.Ifyouarean
experienceduserandyourefamiliarwiththemethodsusedtoimportdifferent
typesofgraphicsintoyourwordprocessingorpagelayoutdocuments,youmay
notneedtoreadthegeneralinformationinthischapteratall.Ifyoureindoubt,
youshouldreadtheintroductorycommentsinthefirstfewsectionsofthis
chaptertomakesureyouunderstandalltheissuesinvolved.
YoucanplaceMathTypeequationsintodocumentscreatedwithawidevariety
ofapplications,mostofwhicharenotdiscussedexplicitlyinthischapter.In
general,youcaneasilyinsertMathTypeequationsintoanyapplicationthatuses
OLE(e.g.MicrosoftOfficeapplications)orEGO(e.g.AppleWorks),thatallows
youtopastegraphicsfromtheClipboard,orthatwillimportgraphicsinPICT,
EncapsulatedPostScript(EPS),orGraphicInterchangeFormat(GIF)fileformat.
Becausewewantyoutohavethelatestinformationonnewsoftwareasitis
released,therearedocumentsontheMathTypewebsitethatdiscussusing
MathTypewithmanyofthelatestsoftwareproducts.Youcanfindthese
documentsintheSupportareaoftheMathTypesiteatwww.dessci.com.Youcan
alsofindinformationonsomespecificproductsinMathTypesonlinehelp.
Inserting Equations into a Document

Thereareseveralwaysyoucaninsertequationsintodocumentscreatedbyyour
wordprocessororotherapplication.Themethodyouchoosedependsonthe
capabilitiesoftheapplicationyoureusing.ApplicationsthatsupportOLE
(ObjectLinkingandEmbedding)orEGO(EditGraphicObject)aretypicallythe
easiesttouse.
OLEisaMicrosofttechnologythatallowsapplicationstosharedata.Although
verycommononWindows,itsmoreorlessrestrictedtoMicrosoftOffice
applicationsandcomponentsontheMacintosh.EGOisasimilartechnology,
andisusedbyAppleWorks,DeltaGraphandseveralotherapplications.Using
OLEorEGOyoucaninsertobjects(e.g.equations)createdbyanother
applicationdirectlyintoyourdocument.Theseobjectsaresaidtobeembeddedin
thedocument.Youcaneditthemusingtheoriginalapplication(e.g.MathType)
69

bydoubleclickingontheminyourdocument.Withbothtechnologies,
MathTypecanbeusedtoeditequationscreatedinEquationEditor.
Thefollowinglistdescribesthevariouswaystoinsertequations.Youcan:
UsetheInsertEquationmenucommandortoolbarbuttoninapplicationslike
MicrosoftWordorAppleWorks.
UsetheInsertObjectcommandavailableinapplicationsthatsupportOLE.
Cutandpasteusingtheclipboard.
Draganddropusingthemouse.
CreategraphicfilesusingMathTypesSaveAscommand,thenimportthem
intoyourdocument.
Insert Equation Toolbar Buttons and the Insert Object Command

Equation Editor Users
Once MathType has
been installed, most
applications that have a
toolbar button for using
Equation Editor will start
MathType instead.
Double-clicking existing
equations in your
document will open
MathType also.
Ifyourapplicationhasatoolbarbuttontoinsertanequation,thisisthesimplest
approach.Tutorial1inChapter4providesanexampleusingthismethod.
InMicrosoftOfficeprogramsthetoolbarbuttonisashortcutforusingtheInsert
Objectcommand.Ifyourapplicationdoesnthavesuchatoolbarbutton,you
mayfindanInsertObjectcommandontheInsertorEditmenus.TheInsert
Objectcommanddisplaysadialogthatlistsallthetypesofobjectsyoucaninsert
intoadocumentchooseMathType5.0EquationfromthelistandclickOK.
ThiswillopenanewMathTypewindowreadyforyoutoenteranewequation.
Youinsertanequationintoyourdocumentbyplacingtheinsertionpointwhere
youwanttheequationandclickingtheappropriatetoolbarbutton,orbyusing
theInsertObjectcommandasdescribedabove.Onceyouvecreatedyour
equation,closetheMathTypewindowandyourdocumentnowcontaining
yournewequationwillbecomeactiveagain.
Yousimplydoubleclickonanequationtoeditit.Makeyourchangesinthe
MathTypewindowthatappears,thenclosetheMathTypewindowtoupdate
yourdocument.
Cut, Copy and Paste using the Clipboard

YoucancopyallorpartofanequationtotheclipboardusingtheCutorCopy
commandsonMathTypesEditmenu,andthenPasteintoyourdocument.You
cancopyequationsthatarealreadyinyourdocumentseithertoanother
documentortoadifferentplaceinthesamedocument.
YoueditanequationusingCopyandPastebyselectingitinyourdocument,
copyingit,andpastingitintoaMathTypewindow.Aftereditingtheequation,
copyit,switchbacktoyourdocumentandpasteit,beingsuretodeletethe
original.YoucanseehowmucheasieritistouseOLEorEGO.
70

Drag and Drop
DragandDropisanalternativetousingtheclipboard.Youcanuseittomoveor
copydatawithinanapplicationaswellasbetweenapplications.Mostmodern
applicationssupportDragandDrop.
Copying vs. Moving
Hold down the OPTION
key to make a copy
when you drag. The
pointer will include a
small plus sign when
youre copying.
Otherwise the item
being dragged is moved
to the new location (i.e.
it is deleted from its old
location).
Beforeyoucandraganequationtoyourdocument,makesureyoucanseeyour
documentswindowbehindtheMathTypewindow.Selecttheequation,press
themousebuttoninsidetheselectionanddragtheselectionoveryour
document.Releasethemousewhentheinsertionpointisovertheplaceinyour
documentthatyouwanttheequationinserted.
ManypeoplefindDragandDropmostusefulwhileeditinganequation,i.e.
dragginganddroppingpiecesofanequationwithinaMathTypewindow.
Tutorial5inChapter4describeshowtodragequationsorpiecesofanequation
toMathTypestoolbar.
Saving Equations as Files

Equation Files
No matter what file
format you use to save
equations, MathType
can open them later for
making changes and for
use in creating new
equations.
YoucanuseMathTypesSaveAscommandtocreateequationfilesinseveral
populargraphicsformats:
MacintoshPICTfilesthestandardMacintoshgraphicsformat.
EncapsulatedPostScript(EPS)usedwithdesktoppublishingprogramslike
QuarkXPressandAdobesFrameMaker,PageMaker,andInDesign.
GraphicsInterchangeFormat(GIF)usedinWebpublishing.
Manyapplicationscanimportoneormoreofthesegraphicsfileformats.Which
willgivethebestresultsdependsonwhatyouaretryingtodo.Youwillfind
moreadviceonthissubjectintheothersectionsinthischapterthatdescribehow
touseMathTypewithspecifictypesofapplication,andintheWorkingwith
EquationFilessection.
Moving and Resizing Equations in Documents

Anequationthatyouhaveimportedintoadocumentistreatedasagraphic
pictureorobjectbyyourwordprocessing,presentationorpagelayout
application.Mostapplicationsprovidewaysofmovingandresizinggraphics,
andyoucanusethesesametechniquestomodifyMathTypeequations.Inmany
applications,youcanmoveequationshorizontallyeitherbyusingtabsorby
adjustingparagraphformatsandmargins.
71

Resizing an Equation Object
Selecting for Resizing
Many applications have
two distinct ways to
select an equation within
a document, but only
one of these ways will
allow you to modify the
equations size.
Right:
Wrong:
Youcanresizeanequationobjectbyclickingonittoselectit(seethetiptothe
left),andthendraggingoneofthehandles(smallblacksquares)onthebox
aroundtheselectedequation.Someapplications(suchasMicrosoftWord)
automaticallykeeptheaspectratio(ratioofheighttowidth)ofthegraphicas
youresizeit.Inotherapplications,youmayneedtoholddowntheSHIFTkey
whileresizingtopreserveaspectratio.
Ifyourapplicationdoesntsupportpreservingtheaspectratiowhileresizingan
equation,youmaywanttoresizetheequationinMathTypeusingtheDefine
commandontheSizemenu.UsealargerorsmallerFullsizetoobtaintheoverall
sizeyouneed.Thiswillavoidthedistortionthatinevitablyoccurswhenan
equationisresizedwithoutmaintainingtheaspectratio.
Inline Equations
ManywordprocessingapplicationsenableyoutoplaceaMathTypeequation
withinalineoftext;thatis,toproduceaninlineequation,asopposedtoa
displayequationthathasitsownparagraph.
Anequationimportedintothemiddleofasentenceshouldsitlevelwiththe
surroundingtext,e.g. a 2 + b 2 .Toaccomplishthis,thebaselineoftheequation
mustbeadjustedtomatchthebaselineofthetext.Manywordprocessingand
pagelayoutapplicationshandlethisautomatically,butsomedonot.Inthese
casesyoumaybeabletomanuallyadjustthebaselineoftheequation.Some
applicationsenableyoutoadjusttheverticalpositionofaselectedequation
usingasubscriptformattingcommand.Ifthisworksinyourparticular
application,MathTypecangiveyouahintastotherightdistancetomovethe
equationdown.Whenyoucopyanequationtotheclipboardfromwithinthe
equationwindow,MathTypewillbrieflydisplaythebaselinedistanceinpoints
intheStatusBar.Forexample,iftheStatusBarindicatesB=5,thenyouwill
needtosubscriptyourequationby5pointsafterpastingitintoyourdocument.
Equation Numbering
IfyouuseMicrosoftWord,MathTypeaddscommandstodomostofthework
involvedinequationnumberingforyou.SeeTutorials9and10formoredetails.
IfyouarenotusingMicrosoftWord,youcanformatequationnumbersusing
tabs.Forexample,usingacenteringtabstopinthecenterofyourword
processordocumentandarightaligntabstopattherightmarginproducesthe
resultsinthepicturebelow.
72

Ofcourse,differentwordprocessingapplicationsmayhavedifferenttab
formattingcapabilities.Seeyourapplicationsdocumentationformorespecific
informationonitstabsandalignmentfeatures.
Working with Equation Files

YoucansaveaMathTypeequationintoafileonyourharddisk,eitherasa
MacintoshPICTfile,anEncapsulatedPostScript(EPS)file,oraGraphic
InterchangeFormat(GIF)file.Youcanthenimportthoseequationfilesdirectly
intootherapplications.Tosaveanequationfile,chooseSaveAsfromtheFile
menu,specifyanameandlocationforthefile,andchoosethefileformatyou
wantfromtheSaveastypelist.Theavailabletypesaredescribedbelow.You
canusetheOpencommandonMathTypesFilemenutoeditanyequationfiles
createdbyMathType.
PICT Files
APICTfileisthestandardgraphicfileformatforMacintoshprograms.Asa
result,itisoneofthemostusefulfileformats,sinceanyMacintoshprogramthat
canimportagraphicfilecanusuallyimportaPICTfile.
MathTypeusesfontstorepresentallthecharactersinthePICTfilesitgenerates.
Thisensuresthatyourequationswillbedisplayedandprintedwiththehighest
possiblequality.However,ifyoumoveyourequations(orthedocumentsthat
containthem)toanothercomputer,youmustmakesurethatthefontstheyuse
areavailable,ortheequationswillnotdisplayorprintproperly.
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) Files

EPS(EncapsulatedPostScript)filesconsistoftheAdobePostScriptpage
descriptionlanguageusedtotellaprinterhowtoprinttheequation.Youcan
importEPSfilesintopagelayoutprogramslikeAdobePageMaker,FrameMaker,
InDesignandQuarkXPress.Becausethelanguageusedisaprinterlanguagethat
isfairlyuniversal,youcantransferequationsinthisformatontoanyothertype
ofcomputer,includingWindowscomputersrunningMathTypeforWindows.
Warning
EPS files will only print
on a PostScript printer. If
you do not have a
printer that understands
the PostScript language,
then you will not want to
save equations as EPS
files.
WhenusingtheEPSfileformat,youhavethechoiceofwhetherornottoinclude
aPICTscreenpreviewgraphicinthefile.Youwillusuallywanttoincludethis
screenpreviewbecauseitallowstheimportingapplicationtoshowsomething
onthescreenwhileyouareeditingyourdocument.Ifyouwanttotransferthe
equationtoaWindowscomputerthatsrunningMathType,youshouldsaveitin
EPSformatwithnopreview.Thisformatisjustaplaintextfileandwillavoid
thegraphicsconversionproblemsyoumightencounterwithotherformats.
Themethodforimportingequationfileswilldependontheprogramyoure
using.SeethesectionsonimportinggraphicsorimportingEPSfilesinyour
applicationsusermanual.
73

GIF (Graphic Interchange Format) Files
GIF(GraphicInterchangeFormat)isastandardformatusedforimagesonWeb
pages,andistheonlytruebitmapformatthatMathTypecanproduce.
Bitmapformatsdonotusefontsorlanguages;theysimplydefinewhichdotsto
turnontocreatetheimage.Asaresult,bitmapformatsarecompletely
transportabletoanycomputerwhetherthecomputerrunsMacintoshOS,
Windows,Unix,oranyothertypeofoperatingsystem.Adisadvantageof
bitmapformatsisthattheydonotprintaswellasformatsinwhichMathType
canusefonts.Ifyouarecreatingdocumentsforthepurposeofprinting,you
shouldusehighresolution(300dpiorhigher)GIFfiles,whichmaysignificantly
increasethesizeofyourdocument.Ifyouarecreatingdocumentstobeviewed
electronically,screenresolution(72or96dpi)GIFfilesarefine.
MathTypeprovidesseveraloptionsthataffectthekindofGIFimagethatis
savedresolution(dotsperinch),transparency,backgroundcolor,and
smoothing.YoucansettheseoptionsusingMathTypesWebandGIF
Preferencesdialog,inthePreferencesmenu.
SmoothingisaparticularlyinterestingGIFoption.Itusesagraphicstechnique
calledantialiasingtosmoothouttheedgesofcharactersandreducejaggiesby
displayingsomeoftheedgepixelsusingacolorthatisintermediatebetweenthe
backgroundandcharactercolors.
Automatically Numbering Files

Ifyouworkwithequationsinindividualfiles,youwillprobablycreatealotof
them.MathTypehastheabilitytoautomaticallynumberfilesthatyousave.This
makesiteasytocreateaseriesofequationswithfilenameslikeEqn1.eps,
Eqn2.eps,Eqn3.epsandsoon.YoucansettheactualfilenamepatternintheSave
Asdialog.SeeMathTypesonlinehelpformoreinformationonthisfeature
(opentheSaveAsdialogandclickHelp).
Working with Microsoft Word

ThecombinationofMathTypeandMicrosoftWordisapowerfultoolfor
creatingtechnicaldocuments.ThelevelofintegrationthatEquationEditorusers
areaccustomedtoisgreatlyenhancedbytheMathTypecommandsforWord,
whichaddatoolbarandmenucontainingusefulcommandstoallversionsof
WordsinceWord98.
Thissectionprovidesabriefoverviewofthesecommands,referencestomore
detailedinformation,adiscussionofsomeWordformattingissues,andsome
recommendationsonmovingWorddocumentsbetweenWindowsand
Macintoshcomputers.
74

MathTypes Commands for Word
Multiple versions of
Microsoft Office
If multiple Office
versions are installed,
the Installer will install
the commands into all
versions.
MathTypesInstallerinstallsaWordtemplatefileintoyourMicrosoftOffice
Startupfolder.ThefileiscalledMathTypeCommands.dot.Acopyofthisfileis
alsoinstalledintotheOfficeSupportfolderinsideyourMathTypefolder.This
folderalsocontainsanothertemplatecalledWordCmds.dot,andaReadMefile
thatcontainsadditionalinformation.TheWordtemplatescontainseveral
commandsthatgreatlysimplifytheprocessofcreatingandeditingdocuments
containingequations.ThecommandsareavailableinaMathTypemenuthats
addedneartherighthandendofWordsmenubar.Someofthemorecommonly
usedcommandsarealsoincludedinaMathTypetoolbarthatbehavesexactly
likeWordsbuiltintoolbars.
Removing the
Word Commands
If you want to remove
the commands, move
the template file out of
your Word Startup
folder.
Thecommandscanbedividedintothefollowingcategories:
Insertingequations.
Equationnumbering.
Controllingtheappearanceofequationsindocuments.
Convertingbetweenequationformats.
Exportingequationsasindividualgraphicsfiles.
GeneratingWebpages.
YoumaynoticeaslightdelaythefirsttimeyouusetheMathTypecommands
afterstartingWord.Wordtakesacoupleofsecondstoloadallthecommands,
butthisdelayonlyoccursthefirsttimeyouuseanycommandinaWordsession.
Inserting Equations
Equation Editor
If youve added a button
to Words toolbar to
insert Equation Editor
equations, youll find
that this button now
launches MathType.
You can control this in
the Object Editing
Preferences dialog (on
MathTypes Preferences
menu).
TheMathTypemenuinWordcontainscommandsforinsertingequationsinfour
differentways:inline,display,andleftandrightnumbereddisplay.Inline
equationsarelocatedwithinalineoftext.Displayequationsoccupytheirown
paragraphandaretypicallycentered,whilenumbereddisplayequationsalso
includeanequationnumberalignedwiththeleftorrightmargin.We
recommendthatyouuseoneofthesecommandstoinsertequationsinsteadof
usingWordsInsertObjectcommand.Theyaremoreconvenient,andtheyalso
makeuseofanyequationpreferencesyoumayhavesetforyourdocument(see
below).
75

Keyboard Shortcuts
CONTROL-OPTION-Q
inserts an inline
equation, OPTION-Q
inserts a display
equation, OPTIONSHIFT-Q inserts a rightnumbered display
equation, and
CONTROL-OPTIONSHIFT-Q inserts a leftnumbered display
equation.
AutoCorrect
A tutorial describing how
to use this Word feature
is on our Web site at
www.dessci.com
(search for the term
AutoCorrect).
Thefirsttimeyouinsertadisplayequationintoadocument,aWordstylenamed
MTDisplayEquationiscreated,andtheparagraphcontainingtheequationis
formattedwiththisstyle.Thisallowsyoutocontroltheformattingofalldisplay
equationsinyourdocumentbychangingthisstyle.Theinitialsettingsforthis
stylearethesameasthestyleinusewhenyoufirstinsertadisplayequation.
YoumaybetemptedtouseMathTypetoinsertjustacharacterortwo,e.g.or
xi.Thissituationcanoccurhundredsoftimesinsomedocuments.We
recommendthatyouinsertindividualsymbolsinWorddirectlyusingWords
InsertSymbolcommand,andthenapplysimplesuperscriptingandsubscripting.
Thiskeepsthedocumentsmaller,makesitsavefasterandbegenerallymore
responsive.
YoucanevenuseWordspowerfulAutoCorrectfeaturesothatwhenyoutype
xsubiitgetsreplacedwithxi.If,however,youneedspecialpositioningofthe
symbolsthatyoucantachieveinWord,thenusingMathTypeisnecessary.
Equation Numbering
Tutorials9and10showhowtousetheequationnumberingcommands;herewe
presentabriefoverviewandsomeadditionaltips.TheMathTypemenucontains
severalcommandsformanagingequationnumbersandreferences.Although
Wordhasitsownnumberingmechanism(captions),youmayfindthese
commandseasiertouse.
Update after Deleting

If you re-order or delete
equation numbers youll
need to use the Update
Equation Numbers
command to update the
numbers and
references.
YoucaninsertequationnumbersinyourdocumentusingtheInsertEquation
Numbercommand(ortheInsertLeft/RightNumberedDisplayEquation
command).YoucanalsocreatereferencestoequationnumbersusingtheInsert
EquationReferencecommand.Thenumbersandreferencesautomatically
updatethemselveswheneveryouinsertanewequationnumber.Doubleclicking
onanequationreferencejumpstothereferencednumber.Referencescanalsobe
placedinfootnotesandendnotes.
Using References
In some documents,
double-clicking a
reference can scroll to a
completely different part
of the document. Press
SHIFT+F5 to scroll back
to the reference.
TheFormatEquationNumberscommandletsyouchangetheformatofboth
newandexistingequationnumbers.Youcanalsosetthedefaultformatwhich
willbeusedforallnewdocuments.
MathTypesequationnumberscanconsistofachapternumber,asection
number,anequationnumber,anenclosureandseparators.TheSimplemodein
theFormatEquationNumbersdialogprovidesavarietyofformatswhichare
typicallysufficientformostneeds,e.g.(1.1),(1.1.1),[1],<A.1>,{1.i}.
InAdvancedmodeyoucancreateyourownformatsandtherearevirtuallyno
restrictionsonwhatyoucando,e.g.Equation1,or|Chap1,Sec2,Eqn1|.You
canreversethelayoutofthenumbers,whichcanbeusefulinrighttoleft
languages.ThisdialogsHelphasmoreinformationonadvancedformats.
76

Chapter/Section
Numbers
To insert MathTypes
section number
elsewhere in your
document, use the
Format Equation
Numbers command to
insert an equation
number containing only
the section number. You
can use this method for
chapter numbers too.
Ifyouwanttouseachapterand/orsectionnumberaspartoftheequation
number,youllneedtousetheInsertChapter/SectionBreakcommand.This
allowsyoutoresetorincrementthechapterandorsectionnumber.When
creatingbooksorarticlesyoumayhavemultiplechaptersandsectionswithin
onedocument,oreachchaptermaybeinaseparatedocumentwhichcontains
multiplesections.TheInsertChapter/SectionBreakcommandletsyoucontrol
thenumberingtoreflecttheorganizationofyourdocument(s).
ThecommandopenstheChapter/SectionBreakdialogwhichletsyoueither
incrementorsettoaspecificvaluethechapterand/orsectionnumber.Whenyou
changeachapternumberyouusuallysetthesectionnumberbackto1.Chapter
numbersareoptional,theycanbeignorediftheyrenotneeded.
Thechapter/sectionbreaksareindependentofWordssections;theyareonly
usedbytheequationnumberingcommands.Normallytheyrehidden;ifyou
wanttoseewheretheyareinyourdocumentclickthe buttononWords
toolbar.
Editing Breaks
If chapter/ section
breaks are visible, you
can also edit one by
double-clicking on it.
YoucanmodifyordeleteasectionbreakusingtheModifyChapter/Section
Breakcommand.Itsearchesbackwardsthroughyourdocument,fromthe
currentlocationoftheinsertionpoint,lookingfortheprecedingchapter/section
break.Thedialogallowsyoutochangethechapterand/orsectionnumber;you
canalsodeletethechapter/sectionbreakbyclickingtheDeletebutton.
Controlling the Appearance of Equations

Tutorial11inChapter4showshowtomaintainconsistencybetweenthelookof
yourWorddocumentandanyequationsitcontains.Thissectionbriefly
describestheissuesandprovidessomerecommendations.
Beforestartingonanewdocument,youlltypicallyuseMathTypetodefinethe
fontsandsizesyouwanttouse.Next,youllwanttoensurethatallequations
youcreateinthisdocumentusethesamesettings.YoucandothisusingtheSet
EquationPreferencescommand,locatedontheMathTypemenuinWord.It
allowsyoutodefinewhichequationpreferencesMathTypewillusewhenyou
insertanewequation.
ThechoicesaretouseeitherMathTypesNewEquationpreferences(astheyre
setwhenyouactuallyinserttheequation),orasetofequationpreferencesthat
youcansavewiththedocumentitself.IfyoutendnottochangeMathTypes
NewEquationsettingsthenyoucanusethefirstchoice(whichisthedefault),
butifyoudomakechanges,oryousimplywanttostrictlyenforcethe
preferences,youshouldusethesecond.
77

The preferences are
stored as a set of
custom document
properties. You should
not try to edit the
properties yourself!
Todothis,saveaMathTypepreferencefileusingMathTypesSaveToFile
commandontheEquationPreferencessubmenu.Then,inWordusethe
MathTypemenusSetEquationPreferencescommandtoloadthepreferences
fromthisfile.Thepreferencesarecopiedintoyourdocumentandstoredasaset
ofcustomdocumentproperties.Consequently,onceyouvedonethisyoudont
needtokeepthepreferencefilearound.Infact,youcansendyourWord
documenttoanotherMathTypeuser,andyourpreferenceswillbeused
whenevertheyinsertnewequations!
MathType5equationscontainthepreferenceswithwhichtheywerecreated.
However,equationscreatedbyolderversionsofMathType(3.xandearlier)do
notcontainthisinformation,andwillbereformattedwithMathTypescurrent
preferenceswhenyoueditthem.Ifyouaregoingtoeditanolddocumentyou
canusetheFormatEquationscommandtoupdatetheequations.Thiswill
incorporatetheirpreferences,justlikenewequations.Tutorial11containsan
exampleofusingthiscommand.
Converting between Equation Formats

TheConvertEquationscommandletsyouconvertallorsomeoftheequationsin
yourdocumentintoadifferentequationformat.ItcanfindMathTypeOLE
equations,WordEQfieldsandMathTypetextequations(e.g.TEXorMathML)
inyourdocument,andconvertthemtoeitherMathTypeOLEequationsor
MathTypetextequations.Youcanalsoupdateequationscreatedbyprevious
versionsofMathType,sothatyoucannoweditthembydoubleclicking.
Save First
Its best to save your
document before you
use this command, in
case you dont like the
results. Then you can
close it and re-open the
previous version.
MathTypetextequationsareequationstranslatedintoatextrepresentationusing
oneofMathTypestranslators.Theseequationscanbeconvertedbackinto
MathTypeequations,ortranslatedintoyetanothertextequation.Fortext
equationstobetranslatable,boththetranslatornameandtheMathTypedata
mustbeincludedintheequation.Youcanensurethisbycheckingthe
appropriateboxesintheConvertEquationsdialog.IfjusttheMathTypedatais
included,youcanstillcopyandpastetheequationintoaMathTypewindow.
Inordertorunasquicklyaspossible,theConvertEquationsandFormat
EquationscommandsaltersomeWordsettings.Thesearerestoredwhenthe
commandfinishes.Intheunlikelyeventthatthecommandrunsintoaproblem
andterminatesprematurely,thesesettingswillnotberestored.Thesettingsare
TypingreplacesselectionandUsesmartcutandpasteintheEdittabofthe
WordsPreferencesdialog.Thecommandsturnboththesesettingsoff.Youmay
resetthemifyoupreferotherwise.
78

Exporting Equations
Export Equations?
You may be wondering
why youd ever use this
command. Exporting
equations as GIF files
can be useful when
creating Web pages.
Exporting to EPS files is
often necessary when
importing Word
documents into desktop
publishing programs.
PICT files can be used
when importing into
other programs that
dont handle embedded
graphics properly.
TheExportEquationscommandletsyouexportsomeoralloftheequationsin
yourdocumenttoindividualgraphicfiles.Tutorial18demonstrateshowtodo
this.Herearesomeadditionaltipsforusingthiscommand.
TheDeleteallfilesofsametypeinfolderoptioncanbeveryuseful;especially
ifyoureexportingequationsintoafolderthatalreadycontainssomefiles.You
canuseittodeleteallexistingfileswiththesamefileextensionastheexported
files,whichmayhelpifyoueverneedtocopythesefilessomewhereelse.You
shouldbecarefulwhenusingthisoptionthough,andmakesureyouveselected
therightfolder,orelseyoumayendupdeletingthewrongfiles!
Thefilenamepatternworksinthesamewayasthepatternfeaturein
MathTypesSaveAsdialog.ApatternofEqn###willcreatefileEqn001,Eqn002,
i.e.the#charactersrepresenta0oradigit.Iftherearemorethan999equations
thenumberswillstillworkasexpected(Eqn1000).
TheReplaceequationwithfilenameoptionreplaceseveryexportedequation
withthenameofitscorrespondingfile(justthefilename,notthewholepath).
Thiscanbeusefulwhenimportingthedocumentintoanotherprogramandthen
reimportingtheequations.Thereplacedequationslooklikethis:
<<Eqn001.eps>>.
Generating Web Pages

TheExporttoMathPagecommandletsyougenerateaWebpagefromaWord
document,completewithequationsthatdisplay,alignandprintproperly.This
commandiscoveredinChapter6.
Line Spacing in Word

Equation Size
When MathType creates
an equation, it makes it
as small as possible
while attempting to
ensure that parts of it
wont get clipped off
when its displayed on
the screen or printed.
WhenyouinsertinlineequationsintoWorddocuments,youmaynoticethat
Wordfrequentlyincreasesthelinespacingaroundthelinescontaininginline
equations,evenwhenitappearsthatnoadjustmentisnecessary.Thishappens
foranyinsertedgraphic,notjustequations,andoccurswhenWordsline
spacingissettoSingle(thedefaultsetting),1.5Lines,Double,orMultiple.The
resultisthatdocumentscancontainunevenlinespacing,whichsomepeople
findundesirable.Theeffectislessnoticeablethelargeryousetyourlinespacing.
AnalternativeistousetheExactlysetting.ThiskeepsWordslinespacingthe
sameforeveryline,howeversomeinlineequationsmayhavetheirtopsand/or
bottomsclippedoffiftheyretoolarge.Thetrickistoenteravaluelargeenough
toaccommodatethetallestinlineequationinyourdocument,andtocarefully
checkyourprintedoutput.Agoodstartingvalueisoneabout20%largerthan
themainpointsizeofyourdocument.Forexample,ifyourdocumentisbased
ona10ptfont,enter12ptforthelinespacingsetting.Youmakethischangein
WordsParagraphdialog,althoughasalwayswerecommendthatyoucreatea
79

Wordstyleanddefinethisstyleslinespacinginthiswayratherthanapplying
thissettingtovariousparagraphsinyourdocumentasneeded.
Transferring Word Documents between Macintosh and Windows Computers

YoucantransferWorddocumentscontainingMathTypeequationsbetween
WindowsandtheMacintosh.BecauseoffontdifferencesbetweenWindowsand
theMacintosh,youwillneedtoupdatethedocumentsequationsafter
transferringthedocument.WerecommendusingeithertheConvertEquations
command,whichwontchangeanystylesettings,orFormatEquationsifyou
wanttoapplyanewsetofstyles(e.g.useplatformspecificfonts).
Tohelpwiththis,whenanequationisinsertedusingtheInsertEquation
commands,theWorddocumentismarkedascontainingMacintosh(or
Windows)equations.Eachtimeadocumentisopened,thecommandssearchfor
thispropertyanddisplayamessageinformingyoutheequationsneedtobe
converted.YoucanruntheConvertEquationscommanddirectlyfromthis
dialog.NotethatpreviousversionsofMathTypedidntmarkthedocument,so
thewarningmaynotappearwhenopeningolderWorddocuments.
IfyoureusingthelatestversionofWordoneachplatform,youcantypically
saveyourdocumentintheWordsdefaultdocumentformat.Ifyoureusingan
olderversionsofWord,youmayneedtosavethedocumentinadifferentformat
forittobereadablebytheolderversion.Microsoftsometimesreleasesfilters
thatallowolderversionstoreaddocumentscreatedbynewerversionsofWord.
Ifyoureinthissituation,youshouldtryafewdifferentformatsuntilyoufind
onethatworks.Ifyourestillhavingproblems,checktheDesignScienceWeb
siteatwww.dessci.com.
Working with Adobe Acrobat

AdobePDFfilescanbecreatedfromotherdocuments(e.g.Worddocuments)in
severaldifferentways.PDFfileshavetheadvantageofbeingselfcontainedand
reproduce,withahighdegreeofaccuracy,thelookoftheoriginaldocument.
TheycanbedistributedbythemselvesorplacedonaWebsite.
OnewaytocreatePDFfilesistousethefullversionofAdobeAcrobat.Thisis
differentfromthefreereader(availableatwww.adobe.com/acrobat).Startingwith
OSX,youcanalsocreatePDFsdirectlyfromthestandardPrintdialog,although
youhavelittlecontrolovertheprocess.
AcrobatcomeswithadetailedguideinPDFformatthatexplainstheprocessof
creatingPDFs.Acompletedescriptionoftheprocessisbeyondthescopeofthis
manual,butwecangiveyouacoupleofhints.
Firstly,therearedifferentwaystocreateaPDFfile;youcanprintyourdocument
usingAdobesPDFWriterprinterdriver,oryoucanuseAcrobatsDistiller
80

applicationtoconvertaPostScriptfileintoaPDFfile.IfyoureusingMicrosoft
Word,youcanalsousethePDFMakercommand,whichisinstalledintoWord
whenyouinstallAdobeAcrobat.
Secondly,youshouldalwaysselecttheoptiontoembedfontsinthePDFfile.
Thisensuresthatyourequationswillbereadableoncomputersthatdonthave
MathTypesfonts(oranyotheruncommonfontsyoumaybeusing)installed.
TheAcrobatguidecontainslotsofinformationaboutfontembedding.
Atthetimeofwriting,controllingfontembeddingisoneofthefeaturesmissing
fromtheSaveAsPDFcommandinOSXPrintdialogs.Werecommendyouuse
thisapproachonlyifyouresureanyoneviewingyourPDFdocumentwillhave
MathTypesfontsinstalledontheircomputer.
Working with AppleWorks

AppleWorksincludesEquationEditor,ajuniorversionofMathType.Italso
featuresanInsertEquationcommand,aswellassupportfordoubleclickingon
anequationtoopenitforediting.AfterMathTypehasbeeninstalled,bothof
theseactionsopenMathTypeinsteadofEquationEditor.
WerecommendturningonAppleWorksfractionalcharacterwidthssupport
whenworkingwithdocumentscontainingequations.Thisallowscharactersto
bepositionedwithmuchgreateraccuracy,andisreallyessentialforequationsto
printproperly.IfequationsareprintingpoorlyfromAppleWorks,besureto
checkthissetting.InAppleWorks,openthePreferencesmenu,selectGeneral
andcheckFractionalCharacterWidths.
Using TEX, MathML and other Translators

See the Tutorial
Using MathType with
your favorite TEX editor
is covered in detail by
Tutorial 17 in Chapter 4.
YoucanconfigureMathTypetoconvertequationstotextbasedmarkup
languageslike LATEXandMathMLusingtheTranslatorscommandonthe
Preferencesmenu.Thisdialogallowsyoutochoosefromalistofavailable
translators,includingseveralkindsofTEXandMathML.Onceyouhavechosen
atranslator,everytimeyoucopyanequationtotheclipboardordoadragand
dropoperation,thetranslatoryouchosewillbeinvokedtoconverttheequation
intotextintheappropriatelanguage.
Converting Microsoft Word Documents to TEX

AlthoughMathTypecannotconvertentireMicrosoftWorddocumentsintoTEX,
itcanperformpartoftheprocess.MathTypescommandsforMicrosoftWord
allowyoutoconvertalltheequationsinaWorddocumentusingoneof
MathTypestranslators.Ifyousavetheresultingdocumentintextformat,all
youneedtodotocompletethetaskisaddTEXcommandsforformattingthe
paragraphsandheadings.
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Working with MathML
MathML Support
On the Macintosh only
Netscape 7 and Mozilla
support MathML in Web
pages. We hope other
browsers will support it
in the near future. Visit
the Design Science Web
site for the latest news.
MathMLisarecommendationcreatedbytheWorldWideWebConsortium
(W3C,www.w3.org)forexpressingmathematicsinWebpages.MathTypeinstalls
severalMathMLtranslatorsthatdifferintheMathMLbrowserand/orplugin
theyaredesignedtoworkwith.
WorkingwithMathMLismuchlikeworkingwithTEXyourunMathTypeat
thesametimeasyourfavoriteHTMLeditorandcutandpaste(ordragand
drop)equationsbetweentheirwindows.Forthedetailsofhowyouconnectthe
MathTypegeneratedMathMLfragmentstotheMathMLbrowserpluginyou
choosetouse,pleaseconsultthepluginsdocumentation.Perhapstheeasiest
waytogetstartedistouseMathTypesExporttoMathPagecommandinWord
toconvertaWorddocumentintoaWebpagecontainingMathML.SeeChapter6
formoredetails.TheresmoreinformationonworkingwithMathMLin
MathTypesonlinehelp,andontheDesignScienceWebsiteatwww.dessci.com.
Working with Paint and Draw Applications

Importing Equations
Paste Special
When you are looking
for import options in
your paint or draw
application, you might
want to see if it has a
Paste Special command
on the Edit menu. This
command often gives
you choices on how you
want to paste an
equation into your
document.
YoucaninsertMathTypeequationsintomanydrawingapplicationsusingcut
andpaste,draganddrop,orfileimport.Ifyoureusingadrawingprogramthat
supportsPostScript(e.g.AdobeIllustrator),saveyourequationsintheEPS
formatandthenimportthem.OtherdrawingprogramscanusuallyimportPICT
files.IfyoureusingapaintprogramsuchasAdobePhotoshop,youmaywant
tosavetheequationsasGIFfiles.Yourgraphicsprogrammaybeabletoimport
multipleformats;ifsoyoushouldexperimenttofindthebestformat.
Manypaintanddrawingprogramswillconverttheequationasitsimported.
Onceconverted,youwontbeabletoedititbackinMathType,sobesureto
keeptheoriginalequationaroundifyouwanttoavoidrecreatingit.
Problems with Exploded Equations

Somepaintinganddrawingapplicationswillexplodeanimportedequation
intotheindividuallinesandtextfromwhichitisbuilt.Insomecasesthismaybe
whatyouwanttocreatesomespecialgraphicaleffectinvolvingmath,for
example.Ifyouarenotinterestedinthishappening,youshouldlookforabetter
waytoimporttheequation,asthisexplodingprocesshasseveral
disadvantages:
Theequationmaybedifficulttodragaroundandreposition.
MathTypesinternalinformationwillbelost,makingitimpossibletobringthe
equationbackintoMathTypeforediting.
Theconversionprocessitselfmaybeinaccurate,resultinginpoorformatting
andprinting.
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IfyoucannotbringequationsbackintoMathTypefromyourapplication,andif
youthinkyoumightwanttoeditanimportedequationatsomelaterdate,you
shouldsaveitinaMathTypeequationfile,inadditiontoimportingitintoyour
drawingdocument.YoucanthenuseMathTypetoedittheequationfile,and
replacetheoldequationinyourdocumentwiththeeditedversion.Theformat
youchoosewhenyousavetheMathTypefileisnotimportantinthiscase,since
MathTypecanopenanyfileitcreates,regardlessofformat.
An Alternative: Use your Word Processor Instead

Analternativetoimportingequationsintoadraworpaintapplicationisto
importyourequationsandotherpiecesofartwork(agraphyouwantto
annotatewithequations)intoyourwordprocessorandarrangethemasdesired.
Thisbypassesthelimitationsdescribedabove.Ifyourwordprocessordoesnt
havethiscapability,youcanalsousedesktoppublishingapplicationslikeAdobe
PageMaker,FrameMakerorInDesign,orQuarkXPress,.Theseprogramshave
extensiveimportingcapabilitiesandalsoallowimportedgraphicstooverlapone
another.
Working with Presentation Applications

PowerPoint Button
MathTypes Installer
installs a button onto
Microsoft PowerPoints
toolbar that inserts a
MathType equation.
YoucanuseMathTypetocreatepresentations(slides,viewgraphs,overheads,
foils,orwhateveryouliketocallthem).Youcanaddequationstoapresentation
justasyouwouldinyourwordprocessorusetheInsertObjectcommandif
available(PowerPoint),orelseuseDragandDroporCopyandPaste(Keynote).
However,mostpresentationprogramsdontallowyoutoplacegraphicsinline
withtext.Textandgraphicsareusuallyplacedindependently,soyoullhaveto
lineuptheequationswiththetextyourself.
Youwillprobablywantequationsinslidestobelargerthantheywouldbeinan
ordinarydocument.Therearetwodifferentwaystomakelargerequations,and
wesuggestthatyouexperimenttofindwhichmethodisbestforyou.
Resizing the Equation Using MathTypes Define Sizes Command

Preference Files
You can use the
Times+Symbol 48.eqp
and Euclid 48.eqp
preference files to
create large equations.
These are in the
Preferences folder
inside your MathType
folder. Chapter 7
discusses the use of
preference files.
OneapproachistousetheDefinecommandontheSizemenutoassignlarger
pointsizestoeachtypesize.IfallthetypesizesaredefinedaspercentagesofFull
size(MathTypesdefaultsetting),allyouhavetodoischangeFullsizetoa
largerpointsizeandalltheothersizesintheequationwilladjustinproportion.
Resizing the Equation in the Presentation Application

AnotherapproachistosimplycreatetheequationsinMathTypeasyouwould
normally,thenenlargethemtothesizeyouwantwithinthepresentation
document,makingsureyoumaintaintheaspectratiooftheequationgraphic.
Youmayfindthatthisproducesbetterlookingresultsthancreatingtheequation
withoversizedcharacters.However,ifyouresizeeachequationindividuallyin
thismanneritmaybemoredifficulttomakeallequationsthesamesize;youwill
83

needtousethescalingcapabilityofyourslideorpresentationapplicationto
specifythesamescalingpercentageforeachequation.Also,linewidthsin
fractionsandradicalsmaynotscaleconsistently,inwhichcaseyoushoulduse
thepreviousapproach.
Working with Desktop Publishing Applications

YoucanuseMathTypewithdesktoppublishingapplicationslikeAdobe
PageMaker,InDesignorFrameMaker,orQuarkXPresstocreateprofessional
qualitytechnicalpapers,manuals,periodicals,andbooks.Youcaninsert
equationsusingtheclipboardorimportequationssavedasEPSfiles.Thelatter,
althoughnotquiteasconvenient,oftengivesbetterresults.
Color and Professional Publishing

Professionalpublishersoftenworkwithpreciselydefinedcolorsintheir
documents,usuallynamingthembasedonacolorstandardlikePantone.If
youregoingtoimportMathTypeequationsintosuchadocument,simplydefine
MathTypescolorstomatchthoseofthedocument.Thisiseasytodousing
MathTypesEditColorMenucommandontheColorsubmenuoftheFormat
menu.Thenamesofcolorsareparticularlyimportant,sinceMathTypeadds
thesenamestotheEPSfilesitcreates.WhenyouimporttheEPSfileintothe
document,PageMakerandQuarkXPresswillmatchuplikenamedcolorsinthe
equationwiththoseofthedocumentsotheyareconsideredtobethesamecolor.
Working with non-Macintosh Computers

Font Warning
Keep in mind that the
fonts used in creating
documents, equation
objects, and equation
EPS files must be
available on both
platforms, otherwise, the
equation will not print
correctly from the new
platform. GIF files are
bitmaps, so the absence
of installed fonts is not
an issue.
MathTypeisavailableforWindowsandtheMacintosh,andthetwoversionsare
compatible.Youcancopywholedocumentscontainingequationsifthe
applicationthatyouusedtocreatethemisavailableonbothplatforms.Evenif
theoriginalapplicationisntavailable,youmaybeabletoimportthedocument
intoanotherapplication.Ifcopyingtheentiredocumentisntpossible,youcan
savetheequationsasfilesusingMathTypesSaveAscommandandthencopy
thefilestotheotherplatform.IfyouhaveMathTypeavailableontheother
platform,youcanopentheequationfilesthere.
Transferring Equation Files to and from non-Macintosh Computers

Thebestformatstousewhencopyingequationfilestootherplatformsare
EncapsulatedPostScript(EPS)andGraphicsInterchangeFormat(GIF)asthese
fileformatsaresomewhatuniversal.
TheGIFformatwillworkonanycomputersystembut,asitisabitmapformat,
itwillnotprintwellunlessyousaveitatahighresolution.
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Transferring Microsoft Office Documents to and from non-Macintosh computers
Converting Equations
The latest versions of
MathType mark a Word
document with a
platform identifier when
inserting equations. The
first time such a
document is opened on
another platform (where
MathType is installed) a
dialog will appear
suggesting you run
Convert Equations to
update the equations.
IfyouhaveMacintoshandWindowsversionsofMicrosoftOfficeproducts,you
cantransferdocumentscontainingequationsbetweenthetwoplatforms.
Equationscontainedinthesedocumentswillbeconvertedintothegraphic
formatofthecurrentplatform.Forthebestresults,however,youwillneedto
updatetheequationsafteryoutransferthedocument.Thisprocessreformats
eachequationusingthefontsonthecurrentplatform,andisnecessarytoobtain
thecorrectspacingofthecharactersintheequations(evenfontswiththesame
namesoftenhaveslightlydifferentcharactershapesandsizesoneachplatform).
Youcanupdateequationsindividuallybydoubleclickingonthem,choosing
MathTypesUpdatecommand,andthenclosingtheMathTypewindow.If
youreusingMicrosoftWord,allofthedocumentsequationscanbeupdated
withtheConvertEquationsorFormatEquationscommandsseethesectionin
thischapteronMicrosoftWordfordetails.Also,anyfontsusedintheequations
mustbeavailableonbothplatforms;otherwise,youwillhavetochoosenew
fontsfortheequationsafterthetransfer.
85
86
Chapter 6
Creating Web Pages Containing Equations
Introduction
Math on the Web
Design Science
publishes a semi-annual
report on the state of
Math on the Web. Visit
www.dessci.com. for a
copy.
ThischapterdescribesthevariouswaysinwhichyoucancreateWebpages
containingequations.Thereareseveralapproaches,andeachhasitsadvantages
anddrawbacks.ForcreatingWebpagesfromMicrosoftWorddocuments,
MathTypesMathPagetechnologyisthebestapproach.ItproducesWebpages
virtuallyidenticaltotheoriginalWorddocument,completewithproperly
alignedequationsthatdisplayandprintwithhighresolution.
IfyourecreatingWebpageswithmoretraditionalHTMLeditors,wellshow
youhowMathTypecancreateindividualequationGIFfilesalongwith
correspondingHTMLtagstostreamlinetheprocess.Finally,welldiscussother
waysofdisplayingdocumentsontheWeb.
MathPage
Older Browsers
MathPage documents
will work in version 4 or
newer of the popular
browsers. In general,
the newer the browser
the better the document
looks.
MathPageisthenamewevegiventoourtechnologyforpublishingtechnical
documentsontheWeb.MathTypesExporttoMathPagecommand,availablein
MicrosoftWord,convertsaMicrosoftWorddocumentcontainingMathType
and/orEquationEditorequationsintoaWebpage.
WevesolvedmanyoftheproblemsyourunintowhenusingWordsSaveAs
WebPagecommandonadocumentwithequations.Theseinclude:
Baselinealignmentofinlineequations.
Centeringofdisplayequations.
Displayandprintingofequationsonmultiplebrowsers(e.g.,Microsoft
InternetExplorer,Safari,NetscapeNavigator)andmultipleplatforms
(Macintosh,Windows,Linux/Unix).
Displayofmathematicalsymbolsonmultipleplatformsandbrowsers
withoutrequiringspecialfontstobeinstalled.
Properlinespacing.
MathTypesequationnumbersandreferencesdisplayproperly,andthe
referencesactashyperlinks.
Inaddition,wevealsoimplementedsomeextrafeatures:
87
OurMathZoomtechnologyallowsequationstobemagnifiedinthe
browser,makingiteasiertoseesmalltextsuchassubscripts,
superscripts,primes,hats,etc.
EquationscanbedraggedfromInternetExplorerdirectlyinto
MathType;inallbrowsersequationfilescanbesavedandthenopened
inMathType.
Equationscanbeconvertedtoimages(whichworkinanybrowser)or
toMathML(whichrequiresspecificbrowsersorplugins).
MoreinformationaboutMathPagecanbefoundinMathTypesonlinehelp,and
ontheDesignSciencewebsiteatwww.dessci.com.TheWebsiteisthemain
sourceofnewinformation,suchascompatibilityissueswiththelatestbrowsers.
The Export To MathPage Dialog

Tutorial14showshowtoconvertasimpleWorddocumentintoaWebpage.In
thissectionwelldiscusstheMathPagedialoginmoredetail.
TheDocumentgroupletsyouassignatitleandfilename.Thetitleisdisplayed
inthebrowserstitlebar.TheFileNamefieldindicateswheretheWebpagewill
besaved.ThedefaultisinthesamefolderastheWorddocument,butwitha
.htmextension.Ifyouwanttochangethelocation,clicktheBrowse...buttonand
WordsSaveAsdialogwillappear.SelectthelocationyoudesireandclickSave,
andthenewlocationwillappearintheMathPagedialog.ChecktheDisplayin
defaultbrowsercheckboxifyouwantthepagetobeopenedinyourdefault
browseronceitsbeengenerated.
TheEquationsgroupallowsyoutochoosewhethereachequationisrepresented
intheWebpageusingimages(GIFfiles)orMathML.Imagesworkwellinall
browsers;severalaregeneratedforeachequationandthemostappropriateones
88

aredownloadedwhenthepageisviewed.Ahighresolutionimageisgenerated
forusewhentheWebpageisprinted.
MathZoom
MathZoom
You may want to let
people who view your
Web pages know about
MathZoom so theyll be
able to benefit from this
feature.
IfyouchooseimagesyoualsohavetheoptionofturningMathZoomon.This
technologyallowspeopleviewingyourWebpagestomagnifyequationsinthe
browser,sotheycanseesmallitems(subscripts,superscripts,primes,etc.)more
easily.Justclickonanequationinthebrowsertoseetheenlargedversion,as
shownbelow.
Normal
Zoomed
Youcanzoommorethanoneequationatthesametime.Closeindividual
zoomedequationsbyclickingonthemagain,orholddowntheSHIFTkeyand
clickonanyzoomedequationtocloseallzoomedequations.
Dragging and Dropping Equations

Dependinguponthebrowser,peopleviewingyourwebpagemaybeableto
dragequationsontoaMathTypewindow.ThisopensanewMathTypewindow
containingthedraggedequation.Thisletsyoureuseequationsonyour(or
someoneelses)Webpages,whichcanbeahugetimesaver.Ifdraggingisnt
supportedinthebrowser,theycansavetheequationasaGIFfileontheirlocal
diskandthenopenitinMathType.Notethatthisfeaturecannotbeusedto
modifyawebpage.Tomodifytheequationsonthepageyoumusteditthe
originalWorddocumentandruntheExporttoMathPagecommandagain.
MathML
MathML Info
For more information on
MathML, visit
www.w3.org/math.
IfyouchooseMathMLyoumustthenselectoneoftheMathMLtargets.Selecting
oneofthesetargetsmeansthatanyoneviewingyourWebpagewillneedthe
appropriatebrowserorplugininstalled.TheMathZoomoptionisnotavailable
whenMathMLisselected;inMathPlayer2.0andnewerMathZoomisalways
available.SeeMathTypesonlinehelpformoreinformationaboutthevarious
MathMLtargets.
Target Browser
TheTargetBrowsersettingletsyouchoosethelevelofbrowsercompatibility.
Thismainlyaffectshowsymbolsinthedocumentarehandled.TheInternet
Explorer5(Macintosh)optiontakesadvantageofthefactthatInternetExplorer
5forMacintoshcancorrectlydisplaymanysymboliccharacters.Mostother
browsersdonotdisplaythesecharactersproperly;therefore,imagesmustbe
generatedforthem.Thiscanmakethedocumenttakelongertodownloadand
89

display,butensurescorrectdisplayinallbrowsersonallplatforms.IfyourWeb
pageswillonlybeviewedusingMacintoshInternetExplorer5,thenselectthe
thisoption,otherwisechoosetheAllBrowsersoption.Ifapageoptimizedfor
InternetExplorer5isopenedinanotherbrowser,awarningwillappearand
someorallofthesymbolsmaynotdisplayproperly.
Exporting and Viewing the Web Page

WhenyouclickOKthesettingswillbesavedinyourdocument.Ifyoucheckthe
Usesettingsasdefaultscheckboxthesettingswillalsobeusedasthedefault
valueswheneveryouusetheExporttoMathPagecommandonnewdocuments.
AfterclickingOKtheWebpagewillbegenerated,anditwillbedisplayedin
yourbrowserifyouselectedthisoption.Atthispointitsbesttoscrollthrough
theWebpagetomakesurethateverythinginthedocumentconvertedproperly.
AlthoughWord(especiallythenewerversions)doesagoodjobofconverting
documentstoWebpages,someitemsdonthaveHTMLcounterpartsanddont
workverywell.Thefollowingsectioncontainstipsforcreatingpages.
Tips for Better Web Pages

ThefollowingtipswillhelpyoucreatebetterWebpagesusingMathPage.
90
UseWord2001ornewer
AlthoughMathPageworkswithWord98,itsHTMLconversionisquite
crudecomparedwithnewerversionsofWord.
Usetablesforalignment
Tabsdonotworkwellinbrowsersforaligningitemsonmultiplelines.
Word98inparticularhandlesthemquitepoorlywhenproducinga
Webpage.IfyouneedaspecificlayoutuseWordstables.Words
ConvertTextToTablecommandontheTablemenugreatlysimplifies
convertingexistingtabalignedparagraphstoTables.Afterconverting
toatable,selecteachcolumnofthetableandselectLeft,Right,or
CenteralignmenttoachievetheequivalentresultasaLeft,Right,or
Centertab.
UsetheMathTypeCommandsforWordtoinsertequations
Thisisespeciallytruefordisplayequationsthatyouwantcenteredina
paragraph.MathPagedoesagoodjobofhandlingthevariouswaysthat
youcancenteranequationandgeneratingthecorrectHTML,butit
worksmostreliablyifyouuseMathTypesInsertDisplayEquationand
InsertNumberedDisplayEquationcommandsinWord.
UseWordsInsertSymbolcommandformathematicalsymbols
ThisisfarmoreefficientthancreatingaMathTypeequationcontaining
onlyafewsymbols,bothforWordandthebrowser.Ontheotherhand,

youmustinsertanequationifyouwantaMathZoomversionofthe
symboltopopupinthebrowserwhenthesymbolisclickedon.Thisis
especiallyusefulwhenusingsmall,hardtoreadcharacterssuchas
superscripts,subscripts,primesetc.
Dontconvertlongdocuments;breakthemintosmallerpieces
WhilealargedocumentmaybedesirableinWordforeditingand
printing,itdoesnottranslatewellintoaWebdocument.Large
documentstakelongertodownload,andaremorecumbersomefor
viewing.WhenyouprintalongdocumentinWordyougetheaders
andfootersinsertedoneverypage.Printingfromabrowserisdifferent;
therearenoheadersandfooterscontainedinthepageitself,andpage
breakscanoccurinthestrangestplaces,sometimesbreakinggraphics
suchasequationsinhalf.Theseproblemscanbeminimizedby
breakinglongdocumentsintosmallersections,andmakingeachonean
individualWebpage.Alsoseethesectiononmasterdocumentsbelow.
Dontusepositionedorfloatingelementscontainingequations
MathPagecurrentlyignorestheseitems,andalthoughtheydoget
convertedintoHTMLanysymbolsandequationsintheseelementswill
notbehandledproperly.Youcanusesimpleleftorrightalignmenton
graphicsandotherelementstoachieveproperdisplayinthebrowser.
UpdateequationsbeforeusingMathPage
Youcanusedocumentscontainingequationscreatedbyotherversions
ofMathTypeorEquationEditor(includingdocumentsauthoredona
Macintoshcomputer).Inthesecases,forbestresultsyoushouldrunthe
FormatEquationscommandbeforegeneratingaWebpage(youonly
needtorunitonceandthensavethedocument).
MathTypesonlinehelpcontainsmoreinformationabouttheconversionprocess,
includingsomeusefullinkstoMicrosoftswebsite.Italsolistssomeknown
issueswithvariousbrowsers.
Master Documents
WordsMasterDocumentfeatureenablesyoutomanagealargedocumentasa
setofsmallerindividualfilescalledsubdocuments.Themasterdocument
containslinkstothesubdocuments,andyoucanworkwithindividual
subdocumentsorwiththeentiremasterdocumentasawhole.Master
Documentscanbetrickytoworkwith;formoreinformationseeWordsHelpor
otherWorddocumentation.
WhenyourunMathPageonamasterdocumentyougetatableofcontentspage
(themasterdocumentitself)containinglinkstoeachofthesubdocumentpages.
Thetableofcontentsisalittlecrude,andyoullprobablywanttocleanitupa
91

littleinanHTMLeditor(anexceptiontoourAlwaysmakechangesinWordrule!).
Butyouvenowcreatedasetoflinkedpagesthatmakeitmucheasierforyour
audiencetoviewinabrowserthanonehugepage.Inaddition,crossdocument
linksworkperfectly,betheyWordsownhyperlinksorequationnumber
references!
Copying Web Pages to a Web Server

ItseasytocopyapagegeneratedbyMathPagetoawebserver:simplyuseyour
favoriteFTPprogram.However,itisessentialthatyoucopyalloftherequired
filesorthepagewillnotdisplayproperlyinabrowser.Thefilescreatedby
MathPagevarydependingonthetypeofpagecreated.Typically,whenyou
createawebpagecalledMyPage.htm,thefollowingfilesandfoldersare
created:
MyPage.htm
MyPage_Files
mainpagecontainingHTMLcode
foldercontainingGIFsandothersupportingfiles
Theremaybeoneortwoadditionalfilescreatedaswell.Forthelatestdetails
consultTechNote#91intheSupportsectionoftheDesignSciencewebsiteat
www.dessci.com.Tocopyawebpagetoawebserver,justcopyallfilesandthe
supportingfolder.Note:theMathPage.jsfileisthesameforallwebpages,and
canbesharedbetweenmultiplewebpages.Ifyousaved10webpagesinthe
samefolder,youdhave10.htmfiles,10supportingfolders,butjustone
MathPage.jsfile.Thiscanbeagoodapproachtolayingoutyoursite,asitmeans
that,ifyoueverneedtoupdatetoanewerversionoftheMathPage.jsfile,there
willbeonlyonecopytoreplace.
Editing a MathPage-Generated Web Page

IfyouneedtomodifyawebpagethatyouveproducedusingMathPage,its
besttoopentheoriginalWorddocument,makethechangesandusetheExport
ToMathPagecommandagain.WedonotrecommendopeningaMathPage
generatedpagedirectlyinWord.MathPageinsertsalotofscriptcodeinthe
page,andalsoremovesalotofWordspecificinformationinordertokeepthe
downloadtimeasshortaspossible.IfyoudoopenapageandedititinWord,
theequationsandsymbolsmaynotdisplayproperly.
YoucanopenapageinastandardHTMLortexteditor.However,bevery
carefulwhenmakingchanges;itssafesttoworkonacopy.Ifyouonlymake
changesoutsideofMathPagesscriptblocksthepagewillcontinuetowork
properly.Thechangesmayneedtoberepeatedifyoueverregeneratethepage
fromtheoriginalWorddocument.
92
Creating Web Pages with Other Authoring

Programs
YoucanalsocreateWebpagescontainingequationsusingmoretraditionalWeb
pageeditors.However,youllrunintomanyoftheproblemsthatMathPage
solves:nobaselinealignmentofinlineequations,lowqualityprintingetc.
Other Terms
Some HTML authoring
applications use the
term Import instead of
Insert, and Graphic
instead of Image.
SometimesanHTMLeditorisnecessarythough,andthissectiondescribeshow
toworkwithsuchtools.MostgraphicalWebauthoringprogramshaveanInsert
ImagecommandthatyoucanusetoplaceanequationGIFfileonaWebpage.
FirstcreateaGIFfileforeachequationusingMathTypesSaveAscommand,
andtheninsertthemintothepageasneeded.ConsultyourHTMLeditors
manualfordetails.Tutorial15andChapter5containmoreinformationon
creatingGIFfilesusingMathType.
Customizing MathTypes Generated HTML

FormostWebapplications,theHTMLcodegeneratedbyyourHTMLeditor
whenyouinsertagraphicwillworkjustfine.However,ifyouneedtosurround
theHTML<IMG>tagwithmoresophisticatedHTMLcode,youcanmakeuseof
MathTypesCopyHTMLtoclipboardfeatureintheWebandGIFPreferences
dialog.ThisfeatureallowsyoutosetMathTypeuptocopyanHTMLcode
fragmenttotheclipboardeverytimeyousaveaGIFfile.ThisHTMLcode
fragmentcancontainspecializedcodeofyourowndesigninordertomakeuse
offeatureslikeCascadingStyleSheets(CSS)ortogetaroundlimitationsinyour
HTMLeditor.SeeMathTypesonlinehelpfordetails.
Baseline Adjustment in HTML

Unfortunately,Webbrowsersdontautomaticallyhandlebaselineadjustmentof
inlineequations.Thismeansthatyourinlineequationswillnotalignthemselves
withthebaselineofthesurroundingtext.Wehopethatthissituationwill
improveinthefuture.CascadingStyleSheets(CSS)canhelp,butasolutionthat
worksinallbrowsersisnotyetavailable.MathPagehandlesthissituation,soif
thisisimportanttoyou,wesuggestyouauthorinWordanduseMathTypes
ExporttoMathPagecommand.
Creating Web Pages Using Adobe Acrobat

AnotherwaytocreatedocumentsfortheWebistocreatetheminAdobes
PortableDocumentFormat(PDF).ThisistheformatusedbytheAdobeAcrobat
readerandbrowserplugin,whicharefreelyavailableformanydifferent
platforms(seewww.adobe.com/acrobat).
Chapter5containsmoreinformationonusingMathTypewithAdobeAcrobat.
93
94
Chapter 7: Fonts, Styles, Sizes and Spacing
Chapter 7
Fonts, Styles, Sizes and Spacing
Introduction
ThischapterdescribeshowMathTypeassignsfonts,styles,sizes,andspacingto
thecharactersinequationsandhowyoucanchangetheautomaticassignments
togiveyourequationsadifferentlook.
Styles
EachcharacterinaMathTypeequationiseitherassignedaspecificfontand
characterstyle,orisassignedoneofelevenstyles.MathTypesstylesare
somewhatanalogoustotextstylesinwordprocessingandpagelayout
applications.Eachoneisdefinedasacombinationofafontandcharacterstyle
(e.g.Times,bold&italicorSymbol,bold).Stylessaveyoufromhavingtoworry
aboutfontsandcharacterstylesseparately,andhencespeedupyourworkand
helpyoumaintainconsistencyinyourequations.Also,bychangingthe
definitionofastyle,youcanquicklychangetheappearanceofallthecharacters
thatuseit.YoucanchangethedefinitionsofanyofthestylesusingtheDefine
commandontheStylemenu.
The Primary Font

Inmostkindsofdocuments,youwillchooseafont,characterstyle(bold,italic),
andpointsizeforthemainbodyofthetextinyourdocument.Wecallthisthe
primaryfont.Usually,youwillwantyourequationstobebasedonthe
primaryfontfunctionslikesinandcoswillbeintheprimaryfont,aswill
numbers;variableswillsharethesamefont,butinitalic,andsoon.
ThefollowingsubsectionsdescribeeachofMathTypeselevenstylesandhow
theyareused:
Math
Mathisnotastyleinthesamesenseastheotherstyles,althoughwetendtorefer
toitthatwayoccasionallyinthismanual.Rather,itisamodewhichcauses
MathTypetoautomaticallyassigntheappropriatestyletofunctionnames,
variables,symbols,andnumbersasyoutype.TheMathstyleisdiscussedfurther
belowinthesectionentitledFunctionRecognition.
Text
YoushouldusetheTextstylewhenyouwanttoenterwordsratherthan
mathematicalformulas.YouwillnormallydefineyourTextstyletobethesame
fontandcharacterstyleasyourprimaryfont.
95

The Spacebar
MathType disables the
spacebar when you are
typing math to prevent
you from inadvertently
adding spaces and
upsetting MathTypes
automatic spacing.
However, when you are
in Text style, the
spacebar works again.
WhenthecurrentstyleisText,MathTypebehavessomewhatlikeanordinary
wordprocessor.However,wedonotrecommendusingMathTypetowritelarge
amountsoftext(itisntawordprocessor!);theTextstyleisprovidedonlyto
makeiteasierforyoutooccasionallytypeafewwordsthatmightoccurinthe
middleofanequation.
Afewwordprocessorswillnotallowyoutoplaceanequation(oranyother
graphic)withinalineoftext.Ifyourunintothisproblem,youmayhaveto
createtheentirelineoftext,includingtheequation,inMathType.UsetheText
styletotypethetext,andcreatetheequationwithinitusingthemathematical
styles,asusual.YoucanthencopytheentirelinefromMathTypeintoyour
document.
Function
TheFunctionstyleismeanttobeusedforthenamesofstandardmathematical
functions,likesin,log,etc.YouwillnormallydefineyourFunctionstyletobethe
samefontandcharacterstyleasyourprimaryfont.MathTypeautomatically
recognizesstandardmathematicalfunctions,andyoucanalsoaddyourown.
SeetheFunctionRecognitionsectionlaterinthischapter.
Variable
Zoom to Read Italics
If you find it difficult to
read italic characters on
your screen, use the
Zoom commands on the
View menu to see your
work at a larger scale.
TheVariablestyleisusedforalphabeticcharactersrepresentingordinary
mathematicalvariablesandconstantsinyourequations.Youwillnormally
defineyourVariablestyletobethesamefontasyourprimaryfont,butwith
italiccharacterstyle.
Lower-Case Greek
TheLowerCaseGreekstyleisusedforlowercaseGreekcharacters.Itisusually
definedtobetheSymbolorEuclidSymbolfontwithitaliccharacterstyle.
Upper-Case Greek
Asyoumightexpect,theUpperCaseGreekstyleisusedforuppercaseGreek
characters.ItisusuallydefinedtobetheSymbolorEuclidSymbolfont,butits
characterstyleisamatterofpersonaltastesomepeopleliketohavetheir
uppercaseGreekcharactersitalicized,andsomepeopledont.
Symbol
TheSymbolstyleisusedformanymathematicaloperators,suchas+and=,for
summationandproductsigns,andforotherspecialcharacters.Inorderfor
MathTypetoworkcorrectly,theSymbolstylemustbedefinedtobetheSymbol
font,theEuclidSymbolfont,orsomeotherfontwithexactlythesamefont
encodingasSymbol(i.e.thesamesetofcharactersinthesamepositions).
96

Vector-Matrix
TheVectorMatrixstyleisusedforcharactersrepresentingvectorormatrix
quantities.ItisusuallydefinedtobethesamefontastheVariablestyle,butis
givenaboldcharacterstyleinsteadofitalic.Somepeopleliketousesansserif
fonts,suchasArialorHelvetica,todenotevectorormatrixquantities.
Number
Nottoosurprisingly,theNumberstyleisusedfornumbers,i.e.anyoftheten
digits,09.Youwillprobablywantittobethesameastheprimaryfont.Ifyou
aremakingtableswithcolumnsofnumbers,youshoulddefineyournumber
styletobeafontinwhichallthenumeralsarethesamewidth,sothatyour
columnslineupproperly.Mostfontshavethisproperty,evenoneslikeTimes,
whosealphabeticcharactershaveproportionalwidths,butafewdonot.
User 1 and User 2

Keyboard Shortcuts
Convenient keyboard
shortcuts are available
that change the style of
the next character you
type to the User 1 or
User 2 style. For
example, if you assign
Euclid Math One to
User 1, you can insert
the character L, by
typing COMMAND U,
then L.
TheUser1andUser2stylesareprovidedsothatyoucansetupyourownfont
andcharacterstylecombinationsandassignthemtocharactersquicklyand
consistently.Thesestylesmaybeusedforspecialnotation,suchasanalternative
characterstyleforvariables,orforassigningsomefontthatcontainsspecial
symbols.Ifyouassignafonttooneofthesestyles,youcaninsertanycharacter
fromthefontintoanequationbychoosingtheUser1orUser2commandand
thenpressingthekey(s)correspondingtothecharacter.Thisisagoodalternative
toplacingspecialsymbolsonthetoolbars(asdescribedinChapter7),whenyou
wantquickaccesstoaspecialalphabeticfont.Forexample,youmightuseEuclid
MathOneforscriptcharacters(e.g.F, L, P),EuclidFrakturforgothic
characters(e.g.A,M,X),orEuclidMathTwoforblackboardcharacters(e.g.
B, K, R).
Automatic Style Assignment

Aswementionedabove,MathTypewilloftenassigncertainstylestocertain
kindsofcharactersautomatically,basedonitsknowledgeofmathematicsand
typesettingconventions.Therearetwomechanismsthatcausethistohappen:
functionrecognitionandcharactersubstitution.
New Functions
list of functions
MathType recognizes
using the Functions
Recognized command
on the Preferences
menu.
Function Recognition
WhenyourcurrentstyleisMath(whichwillbemostofthetime),MathTypewill
automaticallyrecognizestandardmathematicalfunctions,likesinandcos,
anddisplaythemusingtheFunctionstyle.Inaddition,MathTypewill
automaticallyinsertthinspacesaroundfunctions,accordingtotherulesof
mathematicaltypesetting.
97

Character Substitution
IfyourcurrentstyleisMath,Variable,Function,VectorMatrix,orGreek,then
MathTypewillsometimessubstitutedifferentcharactersinplaceoftheonesyou
typeonyourkeyboard.Oneimportantexampleofthisistheminussign;
MathTypewillinsertarealminussignfromyourSymbolstyle,insteadofthe
hyphenthatmostfontshaveinstead.Minussignsareabouttwiceaslongas
hyphens,sothismakesanoticeabledifference.
Severalothercharactersarealsoreplacedbythecorrespondingonesfromyour
Symbolstyle:examplesincludeparentheses,bracketsandbraces,and+and=
signs.Thisgenerallyimprovesconsistencyandresultsinbetterlooking
equations.Finally,wheneveryoutypeanumeral,MathTypewillusethe
Numberstyle.
Ontheotherhand,ifyouhaveexplicitlyselectedafontandcharacterstyle
(usingtheOtherStylecommand),orifyourcurrentstyleisText,User1,or
User2,thensubstitutionisnotperformed,soyoualwaysgetexactlythe
characteryouaskfor,ratherthantheonethatMathTypethinksyouneed.
Explicit Style Assignments

Formostequationtypingtasks,youwilluseMathTypesMathstyle,butwill
changetoTextstyletoaddanEnglishsentenceorphrase.Sometimesyoumight
wanttoexplicitlyassigneitherastyleorafontandcharacterstyletotext,
overridingMathTypesautomaticstyleassignments.Youdothisinmoreorless
thesamewayasinawordprocessoryoucaneitherchangethecurrentstyle
(orfont)tothedesiredonebeforeyoubegintyping,oryoucanassignastyleto
selectedcharactersafteryoutypethem.Inbothcasesyouchoosethedesired
stylefromtheStylemenu.Ofcourse,therearekeyboardshortcutsforallthese
operations.
Style Changes that Affect the Next Typed Character

Escaping
After you type a oneshot shortcut, the Status
Bar tells you that you
have temporarily placed
MathType in a special
mode, ready for you to
type the character to get
the corresponding style.
If you change your mind,
just press ESC.
98
Ifyouwanttosetthestyleoftheverynextcharacteryoutype,MathType
providesafewhandykeyboardshortcutsthatwecalloneshots.Thebig
advantagetotheseshortcutsisthatyoudonthavetoswitchbacktoyour
previousstyleafteryoutypethecharacterMathTypewilldoitforyou!
Keystroke
Assigns this style to the next character typed
COMMANDG
COMMANDB
COMMANDU
COMMANDOPTIONU
Greek
VectorMatrix
User1
User2
Typesizes
Terminology for Sizes
Although MathType
attaches a special
meaning to the term
typesizes, we
sometimes refer to them
simply as sizes. We
use typesize only
where needed to avoid
confusion.
Normally,MathTypewillautomaticallydeterminetheproperpointsizetouse
forthecharactersinyourequationsasyoucreatethem.Thisisunliketypical
wordprocessors,whereyounormallychooseaspecificpointsizeforyourtext.
MathTypedoesthisusingasystemoffivetypesizes(Full,Subscript,Sub
subscript,Symbol,orSubsymbol)thatitautomaticallyassignstocharacters,
basedontheirpositionintheequation.Oneoftheadvantagesofthisschemeis
thatyoucanchangethesizeofallyoursubscriptsandsuperscripts,forexample,
bysimplyassigningadifferentpointsizetotheSubscripttypesize.Formoreon
this,seeAutomaticSizeAssignmentslaterinthischapter.Likeallgood
software,MathTypeallowsyoutooverrideitsautomaticchoicesseeExplicit
SizeAssignmentslaterinthischapter.
Eachtypesizecanbedefinedeitherasaspecificpointsizeorasapercentageof
theFulltypesize.InMathTypesdefaultsettings,onlytheFulltypesizeis
actuallysettoaspecificpointsizetheothersaredefinedaspercentagesof
Full.Thisway,youcanchangetheoverallsizeofthetextinyourequationby
simplychangingtheFulltypesize(usingtheDefinecommandontheSizemenu).
Alltheothersizeswilladjustinproportion.Formostequations,youwillwantto
definetheFulltypesizetobethesamepointsizeasthebodytextofthe
documentforwhichtheyareintended.
Let MathType Make

Font Size Decisions
You can use the Other
command on the Size
menu to explicitly
change character sizes.
But, you will create more
consistent equations
with less effort if you let
MathType make most
font size decisions.
ThefollowingsubsectionsdescribeeachofMathTypesseventypesizesandhow
theyareused:
Full typesize
Assignedtoordinarycharacterswithinmostslots.Thistypesizecorrespondsto
thesizeoftextinthebodyofyourwordprocessingdocument.
Subscript typesize
UsedforsubscriptsandsuperscriptsattachedtoFulltypesizecharacters.Also
usedinlimitsinintegrals,summations,andothertemplates.
Sub-subscript typesize
UsedforsubscriptsandsuperscriptstoSubscripttypesizecharactersorany
otherplaceasecondlevelofsizereductionisrequired.Alsousedforlimitslots
oftemplatesinsidethelimitsofothertemplates.Forexample,theSubsubscript
typesizewouldbeusedforasuperscriptoccurringwithinalimitofintegration.
Symbol typesize
Usedfortheoversizesymbolsinintegral,summation,andproducttemplates.
Sub-symbol typesize
UsedforoversizesymbolsinSubscripttypesizeslots.
99

User 1 typesize
Ageneralpurposetypesizetobeusedforwhateveryouwant.
User 2 typesize
Asecondgeneralpurposetypesize.
Automatic Size Assignments

EachslotinaMathTypeequationhasatypesizeassociatedwithit.Whenyou
insertcharactersintoaslot,theyareassignedthetypesizeofthatslot.Whenyou
insertatemplateintoaslot,thetypesizesofthenewslotsarebasedonthe
typesizeoftheexistingslot.Forexample,ifanintegraltemplateisinsidea
Subscripttypesizeslot,itsintegrandslotisSubscripttypesize,itsintegralsignis
Subsymboltypesize,anditslimitsareinSubsubscripttypesize.Althoughyou
maynesttemplateswithintemplatestomanylevels,thetypesizesautomatically
assignedtoslotswillneverbeanysmallerthantheSubsubscripttypesize,in
accordancewithstandardmathematicaltypesettingrules.
Explicit Size Assignments

Faster Size Changes
Make use of the User 1
and User 2 typesizes
instead of explicit point
sizes because this
allows you to change
the size of all such text
by simply changing the
definition of the
typesize.
Formostequationtypingtasks,youwillallowMathTypetoautomaticallyassign
typesizestocharacters.Sometimesyoumightwanttoexplicitlyassigneithera
typesizeoranexplicitpointsizetocharacters,overridingMathTypesautomatic
typesizeassignments.Youdothisinmoreorlessthesamewayasinaword
processoryoucaneitherchangethecurrentsizetothedesiredonebeforeyou
begintyping,oryoucanassignatypesizeorpointsizetoselectedcharacters
afteryoutypethem.InbothcasesyouchoosethedesiredtypesizefromtheSize
menu(usingtheOthercommandforanexplicitpointsize).Ofcourse,thereare
keyboardshortcutsforalltheseoperations.
Spacing
MathTypesformattingalgorithmsarecontrolledbyanumberofspacing
dimensions,ormeasurements.Theseincludesubscriptdepth,numeratorheight
infractions,fractionbaroverhangthirtydimensionsinall.Youcanadjustthe
valuesofanyofthesedimensionsbyusingtheDefineSpacingcommandonthe
Formatmenu.Thiscommanddisplaysadialogthatletsyouscrollthroughthe
listofdimensionsandchangethevalueofanyofthem.Foreachdimension,it
displaysapictureillustratingtheaspectofequationformattingthatitcontrols.
100

Units of Measurement
WhenenteringnewdimensionvaluesinMathTypesDefineSizesorDefine
Spacingdialogs,youshouldunderstandMathTypessystemofunits.Thereare
fourunitsofmeasurementavailable:
Units
inches
centimeters
points
picas
Abbreviation
in
cm
pt
pi
ItsoftenagoodideatospecifyadimensionasapercentageofyourFull
typesize,becausethenyouwontneedtochangeitintheeventthatyouchange
typesizes.Asanexample,supposeyourFulltypesizeisdefinedas12points.If
yousetyourSubscriptDepthdimensionto25%,thenyoursubscriptswillbe
shifted3pointsbelowthebaseline,butifyoulaterchangeyourFulltypesizeto
10points,yoursubscriptswillbeshifteddownonly2.5points.
Thedefinitionsofallthestyles,sizes,andspacingusedinanequationare
referredtocollectivelyasequationpreferences.Theequationpreferencesused
tocreateanequationaresavedwiththatequation.Changesyoumakeusingthe
DefineStyles,Sizes,andSpacingdialogsinoneequationwillnotbereflectedin
equationsyouhavealreadycreated.However,ifyouleavetheUsefornew
equationsboxcheckedineachofthesedialogs,MathTypesavestheequation
preferencesinaspecialplace.Thenexttimeyoucreateanewequation,itwill
startoffwiththosepreferences.
Thereisamoreadvancedtechnique,discussedbelow,thatallowsyoutosave
equationpreferencesinafile.Youcanthenusethisfiletosetthepreferencesof
anyequationyoucreateinthefuture.
Using Preference Files

MathTypesPreferencefilesaresomewhatanalogoustostylesheetsinaword
processingapplication.Theyprovideaquickandconsistentwaytoswitch
betweenvariousMathTypeconfigurationsofstyles,sizes,andspacingasset
usingtheDefineStyles,DefineSizes,andDefineSpacingdialogboxes.
101

Microsoft Word Users
MathTypes support for
Microsoft Word allows
you to save MathTypes
styles, sizes, and
spacing with a
document, or a
document template. For
Word users, this is
better than using
preference files. See
Using MathType with
Microsoft Word in
Chapter 5.
Loading Preference
FIles
You can also load a
preference file by
dropping its icon onto a
MathType window.
Double-clicking a
preference file also
loads the file. Both
methods only affect new
equations, not any open
MathType windows.
Theabilitytoquicklychangestyledefinitionsisthemostbasicexampleofthe
useofmultiplePreferencefiles.SupposeyougenerallywriteequationsinTimes,
butforaparticulartypeofdocumentyouwanttouseArialinstead.Youcan
createtwoPreferencefiles:oneinwhichtheText,Function,Variable,Vector
Matrix,andNumberstylesaredefinedasArial(withtheappropriatecharacter
styles),andtheotherinwhichthesestylesaredefinedasTimes.Then,usingthe
LoadPreferencescommand,youcanquicklysetupthedesiredstyledefinitions
foreithertypeofdocumentbychoosingthecorrespondingPreferencefile.
Saving and Loading Preference Files

TocreateaPreferencefile,firstsetupthestyles,sizes,andspacingasyouwould
liketosavethem.Then,chooseSaveToFilefromtheEquationPreferences
submenuofthePreferencesmenu.Adialogboxwillappear,allowingyouto
namethefileandspecifyitslocation.Itmightbeagoodideatosaveeach
Preferencefileinthesamedirectoryasthedocumentsthatuseit.Or,youmay
wanttousethePreferencesfolderintheMathTypefolder.
ToloadaPreferencefile,youcaneitherchooseLoadPreferencesfromthe
EquationPreferencessubmenuofthePreferencesmenuandusethedialogbox
tolocatethedesiredfile,or,ifthefileisoneofthefourmostrecentlyused,you
canloaditbychoosingitsnamefromthebottomofthePreferencesmenu.When
youloadaPreferencefile,allthesettingsitcontainswillbeimmediatelyapplied
tothecurrentMathTypewindow.Adialogboxalsoappears,whichletsyou
applythesesettingstonewequationsaswell.Rememberthatthisincludes
styles,sizes,andspacingdefinitions.
Installed Preference Files

MathTypeSetupinstallsasetofpreferencefilesthatweveputtogethertoshow
youhowyoumightmakeuseofthisfeature.TheyreinthePreferencesfolder
insideyourMathTypefolder.Thenamesareselfexplanatory
Times+Symbol10.eqpsetstheprimaryfonttoTimes,theMath/Greekfontto
Symbol,andFullsizeto10pt.TheEuclidbasedpreferencefilesuseEuclidasthe
primaryfontandEuclidSymbolfortheMath/Greekfont.
TeXLook.eqpisbasedonEuclid10.eqp,butwevealsoadjustedsomespacing
settingstogenerateequationswithalooksimilartothatofTEX.
Default Preferences
Default Styles & Sizes
You can reset the styles,
sizes, or spacing
settings by clicking
Reset in the Define
Styles, Sizes, or
Spacing dialogs.
Sometimes,especiallyifyouareanewMathTypeuser,youmaywanttorestore
MathTypesstyles,sizes,andspacingtothesettingsthatwereinusethefirst
timeyouranit.Youcandothisforalloftheequationpreferencesatonceby
choosingLoadfromDefaultSettingsfromtheEquationPreferencessubmenuof
thePreferencesmenu.
102
Chapter 8: Advanced Formatting
Chapter 8
Advanced Formatting
Introduction
MathTypesautomaticformattingwillproducegoodresultsmostofthetime.
However,itsimpossibleforMathTypetoalwaysknowwhatyouintend,or
whatanequationmeans.Afterall,MathTypeisntamathematicianandhasnt
readyourentiredocument!Thischapterdescribessomeofthetechniquesthat
areavailablefordoingmoreadvancedformattingtasks.Italsodiscusses
MathTypesbuiltinfontandcharacterknowledgeandhowyoucanextendit.
Overriding Automatic Spacing

IfyouhaveacurrentstylethatissomethingotherthanText,User1,orUser2,
thespacebarisdisabledinMathType,sothataccidentallypressingitwillnot
interferewithMathTypesautomaticformatting.However,youcanstillinsert
spacesofvarioussizesbychoosingspacesymbolsfromtheSymbolPalettes.You
canalsoinsertspacesusingkeyboardshortcuts,asfollows:
Icon
Space Sizes
A thick space is exactly
twice as wide as a thin
space, so you can insert
a thick space by
pressing CONTROL
SPACE twice.
Keystroke
SHIFTSPACE
CONTROLOPTIONSPACE
CONTROLSPACE
CONTROLSHIFTSPACE
None
Alt. Keystroke
COMMANDK,0
COMMANDK,1
COMMANDK,2
COMMANDK,3
COMMANDK,4
Description
Zerospace
Onepointspace
Thinspace(sixthofanem)
Thickspace(thirdofanem)
Emspace(quad)
Insertingspacesexplicitlywilloverrideanyautomaticspacingthatmaybein
effectatthelocationwhereyouinsertthespaces.Youwillgetexactlythespacing
youinputexplicitly.Ifyouremovetheexplicitspaces,thentheautomatic
formattingwillgobackintoeffect.
Infullsizeslots,MathTypeusesthickspacesaroundrelationaloperatorssuchas
= and ,andaroundarithmeticoperatorssuchas + and ;thesespacesarenot
usedwhentheoperatorisinareducedsizeslotsuchasasubscript.Thinspaces
areoftenusedbetweenfunctionabbreviationsandtheirarguments,asin
y = log sin x .
103

Seeing Spaces
Choose the Show All
command on the View
menu to see the spaces
you have placed in your
equations (but not the
ones that MathType
inserted automatically).
Youshouldmanuallyinsertthinspacesbetweendifferentialsandothersymbols,
asin dy dx = r dr d. MathTypethinksthat dydx isdtimesytimesdtimesx,and
willnotinsertthethinspace,soyouhavetoinsertityourself.
YoumayalsohavetoadjustMathTypesspacingifyouliketowriteopen
intervalsintheform ]a,b[or [a,b[,ratherthan (a,b)or [a,b).Forexample,if
youtypeallthe[symbolsdirectlyfromthekeyboard,thespacinginaformula
like [ 0, 2[ = [ 0,1[ [ 1, 2[ willnotbecorrect.MathTypewillperformthespacing
correctlyifyouusethe template,ratherthantypingthebrackets.Similar
considerationsapplytoverticalbarsymbolsrepresentingabsolutevalue:ifyou
typethebarsascharactersfromthekeyboard,ratherthanusingthe template,
thenyoumayhavetoadjustthespacingyourself.
AnotherpossiblecauseofaspacingerroristypinganEnglishwordthatincludes
afunctionabbreviationwhileyourcurrentstyleisMath.Forexample,ifyoutry
totypethewordsingle,MathTypewillinterpretthisasthesineofgtimesl
timese,andwillproducesomethinglikesingleorsingle.Thelatterofthese
twomightbeacceptableifitwerenotforthethinspacethatwasinserted.You
canavoidthistypeofmistakebychoosingTextfromtheStylemenubeforeyou
begintypingaword.Alternatively,youcancorrectthesituationlaterby
selectingtheoffendingwordandthenchoosingtheTextcommandfromthe
Stylemenu.
Nudging
MathTypesNudgecommandsallowyoutoexercisefinecontroloverthe
placementofitemsinanequation.Tonudgeanitem,youselectit,andthenuse
oneofthefollowingcommands:
COMMAND
COMMAND
COMMAND
COMMAND
nudgestheselecteditemstotheleftbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemsupwardbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemstotherightbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemsdownwardbyonepixel
Theselecteditemsaremovedinsmallincrementsintheindicateddirection.The
sizeoftheincrementdependsonthecurrentdisplayscale.Ifyoureviewing
yourequationat100%scaletheincrementis1pt, 12 ptat200%, 14 ptat400%,and
1
8 ptat800%.Thesecommandsareforfineadjustmentsonlyifyounudge
thingstoofar,youmayhavetroubleselectingthem,andtheShowNestingview
willproduceconfusingresults.
104

Try Define Spacing
If you find that you are
doing a lot of nudging,
you should consider
changing one or two of
MathTypes built-in
formatting dimensions
using the Define
Spacing command on
the Format menu. See
Spacing in Chapter 7
for more details.
Use the Toolbar

If there is a particular
expression which you
find you are nudging
consistently, drag it to
the toolbar. Then,
whenever you need to
insert it into an equation,
just click on it in the
toolbar.
Nudgecommandshavemanyuses.Bymovingonecharacterontopofanother,
youcanformoverstrikesandotherspecialcombinationsofcharacters,suchas
or .
YoucanalsouseNudgecommandstoimproveuponMathTypesbuiltin
kerningcapability:forexample,inanexpressionlikeLt,thesuperscriptmay
lookbetterifyoumoveitfurtherintothegapintheL.
TheNudgecommandscanbeespeciallyusefulwhenappliedtosymbolssuchas
bracketsandembellishmentsthatarepartsoftemplates.Recallthatthereisa
specialtechniqueforselectingsymbolsofthistype:holddowntheOPTIONkey
andclickonthesymbolwiththeverticalarrowpointer.Sometimesyoumay
wishtonudgeanembellishmenttoplaceitatthesameheightassomeotherone
nearby.
Althoughyoucanundonudging,youcanalsoreturnnudgeditemstotheir
original,unnudgedpositionsbyusingtheResetNudgecommandonthe
Formatmenu.TheResetNudgecommandcanbeusedatanytimeitisnot
necessarytochooseitimmediatelyafternudging.PriortochoosingtheReset
Nudgecommand,youmustselectthenudgeditemsyouwanttoreset.Selecting
itemsthatwerepreviouslynudgedusuallyrequireskeyboardtechniques.Use
theTABkeytocycletheinsertionpointuntilitlandsintheappropriateslot,and
thenholdtheSHIFTkeydownwhilemovingtheinsertionpointwiththearrow
keystoselectthedesireditems.
Fence Alignment
Fences
In mathematical
typesetting terminology,
fences is a collective
term used to refer to
enclosing characters like
parentheses, brackets,
and braces. By
extension, MathType
refers to templates
involving these
characters as fence
templates.
MathTypesfencealignmentfeatureallowsyoutoeasilyadjustthealignmentof
itemswithinfences(brackets,parentheses,braces,etc.).
Inmosttechnicalpublishing,fencesarecenteredwithrespecttothemathaxis
(theheightwherethehorizontalstrokesofminussignsandadditionsignsare
located)bothinsideandoutsideofthefence.Thisdoesntalwayslookexactly
thewayyouwantit,though.Forexample,thecasebelow:
A+ B
M + PR
3
Q
Thenumeratorintheaboveexpressionismuchtallerthanthedenominator,
resultinginalargewhitegapatthebottomoftheexpression.Togetridofthat
gap,youwillwanttochangethefencealignmentsettingofthebracetemplate.
Placeyourcursorsomewhereinsideofthebraceorselecttheentiretemplate,
andchoosetheFenceAlignmentcommandfromtheFormatmenu.
105

Usingthesameexample,therearethreepossiblesettingsforfencealignment:
A+ B
M + A + B
A+ B
M+
M+
or H
P
R
P
R
or H
PR
3Q
3Q
3
Q
Changing Alignment
You can also change
alignment by placing the
insertion point inside the
fence template, and
typing COMMAND-SHIFTA. Use this keyboard
shortcut to rotate among
all three options,
stopping on the one that
looks best.
Noticethepositionsofthemathaxisoutsideofthebraces,themathaxisinside
ofthebraces,andthecenterofthebracecharacteritself.Eachchoicehasitsown
advantagesanddisadvantages,andthecorrectselectionwillmostlikelydepend
ontheexpressioninsidethebracesanditsrelationshipwiththerestofyour
equation.
Youcanalsochoosethefencealignmentsettingthatwillbeusedfornewfence
templatesusingtheFenceAlignmentcommand.Remember,nomatterwhich
fencealignmentsettingatemplatestartsoutwith,youcanstillchangeitlateron
atemplatebytemplatebasis.
Changing the Font of Individual Characters

ThefontsusedinequationsaregenerallybasedonMathTypessystemofstyles,
butyoucanalsoassignanyfontavailableonyourcomputertospecific
charactersinanequation.Forexample,youmaywanttoincorporatecharacters
suchastheMorXfromEuclidFrakturintoyourequations.Or,youmayhave
somefontcontainingtechnicalsymbolsusedoccasionallyinyourdocuments.
Use the Toolbar
Drag characters that you
expect to use a lot onto
the toolbar. Once on the
toolbar, you can insert a
character by just clicking
on it.
YoucanincorporatespecialfontsintoyourequationsbyusingtheUser1and
User2styles,ortheOthercommandontheStylemenu.Assigningthefontto
oneoftheUserstylesisoftenthemoreconvenientapproach,becauseyoucan
thenaccessthefontbychoosingthecorrespondingstylefromtheStylemenu,
perhapsviaakeyboardshortcut.TheUser1andUser2stylesaredescribed
furtherinChapter7.
TheOthercommandontheStylemenuallowsyoutoassignanyfonttoselected
(orsubsequentlytyped)characters.Whenyouchoosethecommand,adialogbox
appearswithalistofavailablefonts.Yousimplyselectthedesiredfontandthen
choosetheOKbutton.Forexample,supposeyouwantedtoinsertthe
characterfromtheWingdingsfont.Thischaractercorrespondstothevkeystroke
inthisfont(seethenextparagraph).So,toinsertthecharacter,youwouldtypea
vandselectit,thenchooseOtherfromtheStylemenuandselectWingdings.
TheInsertSymbolcommandontheEditmenucanhelpyoudeterminethe
keystrokescorrespondingtocharactersinagivenfont.TheInsertSymboldialog
displaysatableofallthecharactersinaspecifiedfont.Whenyouclickona
character,thecorrespondingkeystrokeisindicatedintherighthandsideofthe
window.
106
Changing the Size of Individual Characters

Youcanchangethesizeofmostofthecharactersinanequationtoanysizeyou
want.TheOther,Smaller,andLargercommandsontheSizemenucanbe
appliedtoselectedcharactersortocharactersyoutypesubsequently.TheOther
commanddisplaysadialogboxwhichallowsyoutoenteranypointsize.The
SmallerandLargercommandschangethesizeofselectedorsubsequentlytyped
charactersbyoneSmaller/LargerIncrement(thisincrementisspecifiedinthe
DefineSizesdialogbox).Ifyouwanttoresizeasummationsign,embellishment,
orsomeothersymbolthatispartofatemplate,rememberthatthereisaspecial
methodforselectingthesecharacters:holddowntheOPTIONkeyandclickonthe
symbolwiththeverticalpointer,asshownbelow.Keyboardshortcutsforthe
SmallerandLargercommandsareCOMMAND<(Smaller)andCOMMAND>
(Larger).Rememberthattheseareshiftedcharacters,soyoullactuallyneedto
typeCOMMANDSHIFT>andCOMMANDSHIFT<respectively.
Youcannotassignaspecifictypesizetoexpandingbracketsandbracesor
expandingintegrals;thesizesofthesecharacterscanonlybechangedusingthe
SmallerandLargercommands.
IfyouhavechangedthesizeofacharacterwiththeOther,SmallerorLarger
commands,youcanreverttothecharactersdefaultsizebyusingtheReset
commandontheSizemenu.Thisdisablestheexplicitsizeandmakesthe
characterssizecontrolledbythesettingsintheDefineSizesdialog.
Choosing Fonts for Math Documents

Choosingwhichfontstouseinyourdocumentsislargelyamatterofpersonal
taste,buttherearesomegeneralguidelinesthatyoumightwanttofollow.
Serifs vs. Sans Serif

Forwritingtechnicaldocuments,fontshavingserifs(smallhorizontalstrokesat
thetopsandbottomsofcharacters)areusuallypreferredtothosethatdonot.
Amongthewellknownfonts,Times,Bookman,andNewCenturySchoolbook
allhaveserifs.TheArialandHelveticafontsdonothaveserifs,sotheyre
referredtoassansseriffonts(sansserifisFrenchforwithoutserifs).
107

A Fonts x-height
Youmayalsowanttoconsidertheheightofafontslowercasecharactersrelative
totheirpointsize.Thisisreferredtoasthefontsxheight.Itturnsoutthatthe
Symbolfontslowercasecharactersareabout10%tallerthanthoseintheTimes
font,butareroughlythesameheightasthoseintheBookmanfont.Forthis
reason,somepeoplemaythinkthatx+z(SymbolandBookman)looksbetter
thanx+z(SymbolandTimes).TheEuclidandEuclidSymbolfontssupplied
withMathTypealsosolvethisproblem,sincetheyarespecificallydesignedto
matchinxheightandoverallappearance:x + z.
Using Euclid Fonts

To use the Euclid fonts
in your equations, use
the Define Styles
command, click Simple,
choose Euclid as the
Primary font and
Euclid Symbol and
Euclid Extra for Greek
and math fonts.
Use the Euclid Fonts for a TEX Computer Modern Look

TheTEXsystemwascreatedbyDonaldKnuthinthelate1970stotypesetmath
books.Itisapowerfulbutveryhardtousetoolthatproduceshighquality
printedoutput.TEXand LATEXsystemstypicallyuseafamilyoffontscalled
ComputerModern,andsomepeoplelikethedistinctiveappearancethese
produce.
MathTypecomeswithafamilyoffontscalledEuclid,consistingof16individual
fontswith6differentcharactersets,thathavetheComputerModernlook.These
fontscontainthecharactersusedintheTEXtypesettingsystem,buttheyare
arrangedineachfonttoworkoptimallywithMathTypeandotherMacintosh
applications.AppendixAcontainschartsthatdisplayeverycharacterinthe
Euclidfamilyoffonts.
TohelpduplicatethelookofTEX,MathTypealsocomeswithanequation
preferencefilecalledTeXLook.eqp.ThispreferencefilesetsupMathTypetouse
theEuclidfonts,andalsocontainsspacingsettingsthatmatchTEXsspacing.
ThisfileislocatedinthePreferencesfolderinsideyourMathTypefolder.
Fonts as Sources of Additional Symbols

Youmayneedtousespecialmathematicalsymbolsthatarenotavailablewithin
MathType.Vastnumbersoffontsareavailable,butonlyafewofthemcontain
anyusefulmathematicalsymbols.Thebestwaytoexaminefontsforsuitable
charactersistousetheInsertSymbolcommandonMathTypesEditmenu.
TheInsertSymbolcommandallowsyoutoviewallthefontsinstalledonyour
computer.YoucanchooseFontintheViewbylistifyouthinkyouknow
whichfontmighthavethesymbolyourelookingfor,orchooseDescriptionin
theViewbylisttosearchforthecharacterbasedonword(s)initsdescription.
Tutorial13inChapter4andthefollowingsectioncontainmoreinformation
aboutthiscommand.
TheDesignScienceWebsite,www.dessci.com,maycontaininformationonother
mathematicalfonts,thecharacterstheycontain,andwheretheycanbeobtained.
108
MathType's Font and Character Knowledge

MathTypehasabuiltindatabasecontainingaconsiderableamountof
knowledgeonfontsandthecharacterstheycontain.Foreachfont,this
knowledgeconsistsof:
Alistofthecharactersitcontains.
ItsPostScriptfontname,usedforgeneratingEPSfiles.
Foreachcharacter,whichmaybeamemberofseveralfonts,thisknowledge
consistsof:
Itsdescription(Lessthanorequal,forexample).
Itsusualroleinmathematicalequations(variableorrelationaloperator,
forexample).
ThepreferredMathTypestyletousewheninsertedintoanequation.
Unicode and MTCode

Unicode Web Site
To find out more about
Unicode, the Unicode
Consortiums Web site
at www.unicode.org is a
good place to start.
MTCode or Unicode?
You may see the
MTCode value for
characters in several
places in MathType.
However, the value will
be labelled, if at all, by
Unicode. This is
because Unicode is the
more familiar term.
Those in the know will
remember that
MTCode would be a
more accurate label.
AkeycomponentinMathTypesrepresentationofitsfontandcharacter
knowledgeisitsuseofUnicode.Unicodeisasystemthatassignsaninteger
valuetoeverycharacterusedinthewrittenlanguagesoftheworld,plusmany
charactersthatareinuseinmathematicsandothertechnicaldisciplines.
ThebadnewsonUnicodeisthatitdoesntcomeveryclosetohaving
assignmentsforallthecharactersinuseinmathandscience.Thegoodnewsis
thattheUnicodeStandardprovidesaPrivateUseAreaarangeofvaluesthat
canbeusedbycompanieslikeDesignSciencetoassignastheyseefit.Wehave
extendedUnicodebyaddingallthemissingmathandsciencecharactersand
havenameditMTCode.MTCodeisasupersetofUnicodethatMathTypeuses
internallytorepresentallthecharactersthatareusedinitsequations.
SomeexamplesmayhelptomaketheMTCodeideamoreconcrete.Herearethe
MTCodevaluesforafewcharacters:
Character
MTCode value
0x0041
(Eurocurrencysymbol)
0x20AC
0x2191
0xE932
Afewthingstonoteabouttheseexamples:
Thevaluesareshowninhexadecimal(base16)notation.Thisiscustomaryin
theUnicodeworld.
ThevalueforAisthesameasitsvalueinASCII,astandardthathasbeenin
useformanyyearstorepresentcharactersincomputers.
109

ThefirstthreeexamplesarepartofUnicodethelastispartofMathTypes
extensiontoUnicode,MTCode.
Font Encodings
Manyfontsonyourcomputersharethesamearrangementofcharacters.For
example,inyourwordprocessorwhenyoupresstheAkeyyougetthefirst
letteroftheLatinalphabetwhetheryourcurrentfontisArialorTimes.Similarly,
hittingthesamekeywhenthecurrentfontisSymbolorEuclidSymbolwillgive
youaGreekalpha.Theconceptoffontencodingisusedtocapturethese
relationships.Anothercommontermthatmeansthesamethingischaracter
set.
InMathType,afontencodingisanamedtableofMTCodevalues,oneforeach
positioninthefontsthatsharetheencoding.Youcanseetheencoding
MathTypehasassignedtoeachfontonyourcomputerbyusingtheInsert
SymbolcommandontheEditmenu.
The Insert Symbol Dialog

MTCode Values
If you want to see
MTCode values
displayed in the status
bar as you pass the
mouse pointer over
characters in the
toolbar, choose the
Workspace Preferences
command on the
Preferences menu and
check Show character
and template codes in
the status bar.
UsingtheInsertSymboldialog,youcanbrowseallthefontsavailableonyour
computer.ThisisalsothebestplacetoseeMathTypesfontandcharacter
knowledge.
OnceyouselectafontintheViewbysectionatthetopofthedialog,youcan
seethefontsencoding.Forthecharacterselectedinthegrid,youcanalsoseeits
110

Unicode(MTCode)value,positioninthefont,thekeystroke(ifany)thatcanbe
usedtotypeit,anditsdescription.
Tutorial13inChapter4showshowtousethisdialog,andadditional
informationisalsocontainedinMathTypesonlinehelp.
Extending MathType's Font and Character Knowledge

AlthoughMathTypecontainsmostmathcharactersinMTCodeandhas
encodingsformostfontsthatareusefulinmathandscience,itwillalwaysbe
incompleteasmathematiciansinventnewcharactersandnotationsandfont
designerscreatenewfonts.Forthisreason,wehavedesignedMathTypetobe
easilyextendedtohandlenewcharacters,fonts,andfontencodings.However,
thedetailsonhowtodothisarebeyondthescopeofthismanual.Youcanfind
thisinformationonourWebsite,www.dessci.com,inadocumentcalled
ExtendingMathTypesFontandCharacterKnowledge.
Tabs
MathTypestabsworkroughlythesameasthosefoundinmostpopularword
processingapplications.Youchoosethetypeoftabyouwantbyclickingits
buttonontheRuler.Therearefivetabstoptypestochoosefrom:
Lefttab
Centertab
Righttab
Relationaltab
Decimaltab
Clickoneofthefivebuttonstochoosethetabstoptype,andthenclickinthe
areabelowtheRulerscaletosetthepositionofthetabstop.
Eachslotinanequationhasitsowntabstops.IfyoupressRETURNwithinaslot
orattheendofaline,youcreateapile.Thesametabstopsapplytoeverylinein
thepile.TheRulershowsonlythetabstopsbelongingtothecurrentslotorpile
(theonecontainingtheselectionorinsertionpoint).Toremoveatabstop,dragit
downwardsawayfromtheRuler.Tochangethelocationofanexistingtabstop,
justdragitalongtheRuler.ThesmallinvertedTmarksontheRuleraredefault
tabstops.
Effects of Tab Characters

PressingCONTROLTABwillinsertatabcharacterintoyourequation.Ifyoujust
presstheTABkey,thismovestheinsertionpoint,sotoentertabcharactersyou
111

mustholddowntheCONTROLkey.Tabcharactersinsertedinthiswaydividethe
itemsinalineintoseveralgroups,calledtabgroups.Eachgroupisborderedby
atabcharacterateachend,exceptthelastgroupintheline,whichhasatabtoits
leftandextendstotheendoftheline.Theformattingofeachofthesetabgroups
iscontrolledbythecorrespondingtabstop:thefirsttabstopcontrolsthefirst
group,thesecondtabstopcontrolsthesecondgroup,andsoon.Specifically,
MathTypemovestheentiretabgrouphorizontallyuntilsomereferenceposition
withinitisaligneddirectlybelowthecorrespondingtabstop.Thereference
positionthatsusedisdeterminedbythetypeoftabstop.Forexample,ifthetab
stopisalefttab,thentheleftendofthetabgroupisusedasthereference
position,andisthereforealignedwiththetabstop.Forothertypesoftabstops,
referencepositionsaredeterminedasfollows:
Type of Tab Stop
Reference Position in Tab Group
Left
Right
Center
Decimal
Relational
Leftendofgroup
Rightendofgroup
Centerofgroup
Firstdecimalpointingroup(orleftend)
Firstrelationaloperatoringroup(orleftend)
Thedecimalpointcharacterwillbeeitheraperiodoracomma,dependingon
yoursettingsintheInternationalSystemPreferencepanel(RegionalControl
PanelinOS9).Relationaloperatorsincludeequalssigns,inequalitysignslike<,
>,,,, ,andothersimilarsymbols,suchas,,.
Alignment Symbols
The symbolonthe
paletteisanalignmentsymbol.Ifyouplacean
alignmentsymbolwithinatabgroup,thenitisautomaticallyusedasthe
referencepositionforthatgroup,regardlessofwhattypeoftabstopyouused.In
otherwords,alignmentsymbolsoverrideallotherreferencepositions.Notethat
thissymbolonlyappearsintheequationintheMathTypewindow.Itwillnot
appearwhenprintedorinotherapplications.
Tabs and Alignment

See the Tutorial
illustrates the use of
tabs.
112
InMathTypesFormatmenu,youwillseefivealignmentcommandsthatclosely
parallelthefivetabstoptypesdescribedabove.Insomecases,youmaybeable
tousethesecommandstoobtaintheformattingyouwantinsteadofusingtabs.
Forexample,ifyousimplywanttoaligntwoequationsattheirequalsigns,you
shouldusetheAlignat=command,ratherthanarelationaltabstop.You
shouldnottrytouseacombinationoftabstopsandalignmentcommandsto
formatthesameline.Asinawordprocessor,thetwoformattingmechanisms
interactwitheachotherinratherunpredictableways,andyouarenotlikelyto
gettheresultsyouwant.Tabsofanyofthefivetypeswillonlyworkpredictably
inlinesthatareleftaligned.
Appendix A: MathTypes Fonts
Appendix A
MathTypes Fonts
ThefollowingtablelistsMathTypesfonts.WevealsolistedSymbolalthough
thisfontisinstalledaspartoftheMacOS,notMathType.Fontchartsshowing
thevariousglyphsineachfontareavailableontheDesignSciencewebsite,or
youcanuseMathTypesInsertSymbolcommandtoviewtheglyphs.
Name
Style
Encoding
PostScriptname
Symbol
plain
Symbol
Symbol
MTExtra
plain
MTExtra
MTExtra
EuclidSymbol
plain
Symbol
EuclidSymbol
italic
EuclidSymbolItalic
bold
EuclidSymbolBold
bolditalic
EuclidSymbolBoldItalic
Euclid
plain
MacRoman
Euclid
italic
EuclidItalic
bold
EuclidBold
bolditalic
EuclidBoldItalic
EuclidExtra
plain
MTExtra
EuclidExtra
bold
EuclidExtraBold
EuclidFraktur
plain
EuclidFraktur
EuclidFraktur
bold
EuclidFrakturBold
EuclidMathOne
plain
EuclidMath1
EuclidMathOne
bold
EuclidMathOneBold
EuclidMathTwo
plain
EuclidMath2
EuclidMathTwo
bold
EuclidMathTwoBold
EncodingisthenameMathTypegivestothearrangementofcharactersinthe
font.EuclidSymbolandSymbolhavethesameencoding,asdoMTExtraand
EuclidExtra.PostScriptnameisonlysignificantwhenworkingwith
EncapsulatedPostScriptfilesorotherPostScriptenvironments.
113
114
Index
Index
A
AdobeAcrobat,61,80,93
AdobeFrameMaker,71,73,83,84
AdobeIllustrator,82
AdobeInDesign,71,73,83,84
AdobePageMaker,71,73,83,84
AdobePhotoshop,82
AdobeTypeManager,8
Alignment,54
at=,38
atdecimalpoints,55
baseline,72
center,38
commands,112
fences,105
matrices,41
right,38
symbol,38,112
usingtabs,111
AMSLaTeX,66
AMSTeX,66
Antialiasing,60,61,74
AppleWorks,81
Arrowkeys,14,16
nudging,104
ATM.SeeAdobeTypeManager
Automaticstyleassignment,97
B
Barembellishment,28
Bars,13
Baselineofanequation,72
Binaryoperators,40
Blackboardcharacters,97
Boldtype,39,97
Braces,27
Brackets,104
aligning,105
C
CascadingStyleSheets,93
ChangeMatrixcommand,41
Chapternumbers,48
Chapter/Sectionbreaks,48
Characterformatting,106,107
Characterstyle,95
explicitassignment,98
Charactersubstitution,98
Classic,8
Clipboard,69
Color,30,84
GIFbackground,61
COMMANDkey,19
ComputerModernfonts,108
Controlclick,14
CSS,93
Curlybrackets,27
CustomizeKeyboard,62
D
DefaultPreferences,102
DefineSizescommand,51,83,101
DefineSpacingcommand,100,105
DefineStylescommand,42
Definiteintegral,36
Delkey,14
Deletekey,14
DesignScience,4
Documents
movingbetweenplatforms,84
Doubleclick
editingequations,29
selecting,18
Draganddrop,71
DragandDrop,40
inbrowser,89
Drawingprograms,82
E
EditColorMenucommand,84
Editingequationsindocuments,29
EGO,69
Embellishments
inserting,28
selecting,28
EncapsulatedPostScriptfiles.See
EPSfiles
Enterkey,18
EPSfiles,2,71,73
115

importing,73
Equation
baselinealignment,72
draggingfrombrowser,89
editing,29
exportingfromdocument,79
importingasfile,73
includingtext,31
inline,46
insertingindocuments,32
preferences,78
resizing,71
savinginfile,71
selecting,18
EquationEditor,10
Equationnumbers,45,72,76
format,47,76
references,46
updating,47
Equationreferences,46
Euclidfonts,42,108
EuclidFraktur,97
EuclidMathOne,97
EuclidMathTwo,57
EuclidSymbol,57
Explicitstyleassignments,98,100
ExportEquationscommand,66
Exportingequations,79
F
FenceAlignmentcommand,105
Filenumbering,74
Files
EPS.SeeEPSfiles
GIF.SeeGIFfiles
PDF.SeeAdobeAcrobat
PICT.SeePICTfiles
Foils,83
Fontencodings,57,110,113
Fonts,8,41,109
assourcesofsymbols,108
blackboardboldcharacters,108
charts,113
choosingappropriate,107
ComputerModern,108
Euclidfamily,42,57,102,108
116
explicitassignment,98
gothiccharacters,108
primary,42,95,102
usedinstyles,95
Formattingequations.SeeSpacing
Fractionbaroverhang,100
Fractions,22
case,23
fullsize,23
reducedsize,23
FrameMaker.SeeAdobe
FrameMaker
Fulltypesize,83,99
Functionrecognition,32,97
Functionstyle,31,96
G
GIFfiles,2,60,69,73,74
resolution,61
Gothiccharacters,97,108
Greekcharacters,25,35
Greekstyle,96
H
Hardware,7
Help,4
HTML,60
baselineadjustment,93
generatingforGIF,61
HTMLcode,93
Hyphen,98
I
Illustrator.SeeAdobeIllustrator
Importingequations
asfiles,73
InDesign.SeeAdobeInDesign
Inlineequation,46,72
InsertObjectcommand,70
InsertSymbolcommand,55,106,
108,110
Insertingequations
intodocuments,69
usingCut&Paste,70
usingDraganddrop,71
Insertionpoint,12
Index
moving,16,17
InstallingMathType,7
Integrals,36
expanding,36
Intervals,104
Italiccharacters,96
K
Kerning,105
Keyboardnotation,14
Keyboardshortcuts,19,62
displayedinStatusBar,62
spaces,103
styleofnextcharacter,97
styles,98,100
symbols,15
symbolsinotherfonts,57
templates,16
twokeyshortcuts,19
Keynote,83
L
LargeTabbedBar,33
Largercommand,107
LaTeX,63,81
Leading,38
Limsup,37
Linespacing,39,52,79
M
Markuplanguages,63,81
Mathstyle,95,97
MathML,63,66,82,89
MathPage,58,87
MathTypeLite,8
MathTypetoolbar,13
MathTypewindow,12
MathZoom,60,89
Matrices,39
addingordeletingrowsand
columns,41
editing,41
Memory,9
Metafiles.SeeWMFfiles
MicrosoftPowerPoint,83
MicrosoftWord,10,74
advancedequationnumbering,
49
AutoCorrectcommand,76
convertingdocumentstoTeX,81
creatingWebpages,58
EQfields,78
InsertSymbolcommand,76
insertingsymbols,90
linespacing,52,79
masterdocuments,91
movingdocumentsbetween
computers,80
settingupdocuments,51
styles,51
MicrosoftWordcommands,75
chapter/sectionbreakexample,
48
chapter/sectionbreaks,77
convertingequations,78
equationnumberformat,76
equationnumberformats
example,49
equationnumbering,76
equationnumberingexample,45
exporttoMathPage,87
exportingequations,79
exportingequationsexample,66
formattingequations,52
insertequationreference,46
insertingequations,75
settingequationpreferences,51,
77
Minussign,25
unary,40
Mousenotation,14
Movingdocumentsbetween
platforms,84
N
Nesting.SeeShowNesting
Nudgecommands,28,104
resetting,105
Numberstyle,97
Numberingequations,45,72,76
Numberingfiles,74
Numeratorheight,100
117

O
ObjectLinkingandEmbedding.See
OLE
OLE,69
Insertingobjects,70
Operators
unaryandbinary,40
OS9,7
OSX,7,8
Overheads,83
Overstrikes,105
Savingpreferencefiles,101,102
Sectionnumbers,48
Sections,48
Selecting
bracketsandbraces,18
doubleclicking,18
embellishments,18
itemsinanequation,18
summationandintegralsigns,18
withtheArrowkeys,18
Selection,12
Shortcuts.SeeKeyboardShortcuts
ShowAll,53
ShowNesting,24
Size
defining,101
Full,99
ofindividualcharacters,107
Other,107
Subscript,99
Subsubscript,99
Subsymbol,99
symbol,99
User1andUser2,100
Slides,83
Slot,12
SmallBar,32
Smallercommand,107
Spacesymbols,103
SPACEBAR,15
Spacing
advancedformatting,103
automatic,22
betweenlines,38,52
defining,100
emspace,37
inPreferencefiles,102
insertingspaces,37
Squareroots,22
StatusBar,12,62,98
Style,95
automaticassignment,97
character,95
DefineStylesdialog,42
explicitassignment,98,100
P
PageMaker.SeeAdobePageMaker
Pantonecolors,84
PDFfiles.SeeAdobeAcrobat
PDFMaker,81
Photoshop.SeeAdobePhotoshop
PICTfiles,69,71,73
Pile,18,38,54
PostScriptfonts,8
PowerPoint.SeeMicrosoft
PowerPoint
Preferencefiles
installed,102
loading,102
saving,101
TeXappearance,102
Presentationapplications,83
Primaryfont,42,95,102
Q
QuarkXPress,71,73,83,84
R
Recognitionoffunctions,32,97
Redocommand,21
Referencestoequations,46
ResetNudgecommand,105
Resizing
equations,71
fences,107
summationsigns,107
Returnkey,14,16,18
Rightclick,14
Ruler,14,54,111
118
Index
Function,31,43,96
Greek,96
Math,95
Number,97
onecharactershortcuts,98
Other,106
Symbol,96
Text,95
User1andUser2,97
Variable,44,96
VectorMatrix,39,97
Styledefinitions
savingandloading,101
Styles,41,51
Subscriptdepth,100
Subscripttypesize,99
Subsubscripttypesize,99
Subsymboltypesize,99
SymbolPalettes,13
Symbolstyle,96
Symboltypesize,99
Symbols
additional,108
insertingindocuments,76
searchingfor,57
Systemrequirements,7
T
Tab
character,111
groups,112
key,16
TabStops,111
TDLfiles,66
TechnicalSupport,4
TemplatePalettes,13
Templates
exponent,25
inserting,16
replaceselectionvs.wrapping,
34
superscripts,25
TeX,63,81
AMSLaTeX,66
AMSTeX,66
TeXappearance,108
Text
inequations,31
style,53,95
typing,14
Toolbar,13
changingsizeoficons,13
customizing,33
deletingitems,35
editingexpressions,34
expressionproperties,63
keyboardshortcuts,35,63
rearrangingcontents,34
TranslatorDefinitionLanguage,66
Translators,64,81
modifying,66
Transparency
GIFfile,61
Typesize,99
Full,99
ofindividualcharacters,107
Subscript,99
Subsubscript,99
Subsymbol,99
Symbol,99
User1andUser2,100
Typesizes
Typing,14
U
Unaryoperators,40
Undocommand,21
Unicode,109
Unitabbreviations,101
Unitsofmeasurement,101
UpdateEquationNumbers
command,47
User1andUser2styles,97
User1andUser2typesizes,100
V
Variablestyle,44,96
VectorMatrixstyle,39,97
Verticalbarsymbols,104
Verticalbartemplate,39
Viewgraphs,83
119

W
Webpages,60,66,71,74
AdobeAcrobat,93
copyingfilestoserver,92
creatingwithMathPage,58,87
tipsforcreating,90
120
Website(MathType),4
Windows,80,84,85
Word.SeeMicrosoftWord
X
XML,66

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MathType User Manual

MathType User Manual

MathTypes User Interface

MathType User Manual

Cooperating with Other Applications

Using this Manual

Chapter 2: Getting Started

Chapter 3: Basic Concepts

Chapter 5: Working with Other Applications

Chapter 6: Creating Web Pages Containing Equations

Chapters 7: Fonts, Styles, Sizes, and Spacing

Chapters 8: Advanced Formatting

MathType User Manual

Additional MathType Documentation

Design Science, Inc.

Registering Your Copy of MathType

MathType User Manual

Chapter 2: Getting Started

If You Purchased MathType Online

If You Purchased MathType on CD-ROM

MathType User Manual

Installing under Classic in OS X

Chapter 2: Getting Started

Notes for Users of Earlier Versions of MathType

MathType User Manual

Notes for Microsoft Equation Editor Users

Chapter 3: Basic Concepts

MathType User Manual

The MathType Window

Symbol pale tte s

Small tabbe d bar

Chapter 3: Basic Concepts

Adjusting Toolbar Size and Content

Changing the Size of the Toolbar Buttons

MathType User Manual

Keyboard Notation in this Manual

Mouse Notation in this Manual

Entering Text from the Keyboard

Chapter 3: Basic Concepts

MathType User Manual

Placing the Insertion Point

Chapter 3: Basic Concepts

Moving the Insertion Point

MathType User Manual

Selecting Items in an Equation

Selecting with the Arrow Keys

Selecting Embellishments and Parts of Templates

The RETURN Key

Chapter 3: Basic Concepts

MathType User Manual

Fonts and the Appearance of Your Equations

Some Final Advice

MathType User Manual

Tutorial 1: Fractions and Square Roots

MathType User Manual

15. Choosethe fromthe

MathType User Manual

Tutorial 2: Sums, Subscripts & Superscripts

MathType User Manual

Tutorial 3: Editing Old Equations

MathType User Manual

Nowclickonthe iconintheSmallBar.The templatewillbeinsertedinto