Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Stainless steel
Cobalt chromium alloys
Titanium alloys
Nitinol
Smitha ck
Assistant professor
Srinivas institute of technology
CLASSIFICATION OF BIOMATERIALS
Biomaterials can be divided into three major classes of
materials:
Polymers
Metals
Ceramics (including carbons, glass ceramics, and glasses).
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BIOMATERIALS
Metallic implants
Metals make attractive
biomaterials because they
possess
the
following
properties:
Mechanical properties
Closely
packed
atomic
arrangement resulting in
high specific gravity and
good strength
Excellent electrical
BIOMATERIALS
Stainless Steel
SS 316
SS 316L
CoCr Alloys
the castable CoCrMo
alloy
The CoNiCrMo alloy
which is usually
wrought by (hot)
forging
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alloys
Pure Ti
Ti6Al4V
TiNiAlloys
Nitinol
Shape Memory effect
Platinum group metals
(PGM)
Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, and Os
extremely corrosion
resistant
poor mechanical
properties
pacemaker tips
conductivity.
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STAINLESS STEEL
Stainless steel is the predominant implant alloy.
This is mainly due to its ease of fabrication any desirable
variety of mechanical properties and corrosion behavior.
But, of the three most commonly used metallic implants
namely
Stainless steel
Cobalt chromium alloys
Titanium alloys,
Stainless steel is least corrosion resistant.
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BIOMATERIALS
STAINLESS STEEL
The various developments which took place in the development
of steel in metallic implants are discussed below.
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STAINLESS STEEL
The AISI Group III austenitic steel especially type 316 and 316L
cannot be hardened by heat treatment but can be hardened by
cold working.
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Type
%C
%Cr
% Ni
%Mn
% other
elements
301
0.15
16-18
6-8
2.0
1.0Si
304
0.07
17-19
8-11
2.0
1-Si
316, 188sMo
0.07
16-18
10-14
2.0
316L
0.03
16-18
10-14
2.0
430F
0.08
16-18
1.0-1.5
1.5
CONSTITUENTS OF STEEL
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STAINLESS STEEL
The Stainless steels used in implants are
generally of two types:
Wrought
Forged
Wrought alloy possesses a uniform
microstructure with fine grains.
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APPLICATIONS OF SS STEEL
Devices
Alloy Type
316 L
Intramedullary pins
316 L
316L
Heart valves
316
Stapedial Prosthesis
316
316
420
304
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Cast Alloy
1.A wax model of the implant is made and a ceramic shell is built around it
2.the wax is then melted out in a oven (100~150C),
3.the mold is heated to a high temperature burning out any traces of wax
or gas-forming materials,
4.molten alloy is poured with gravitational or centrifugal force
5.the mold is broken after cooled
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Such is the case for the stems of the hip joint prostheses.
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Forged alloy
Expensivesophisticated press and
tooling
Porous coated Co-Cr implants
Bone in growth applications
1.Sintered beads gravity sintering
2.Plasma flame sprayed metal
powders
3.Diffusion bonded
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October 3, 2014
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Nitinol
Alloy of Ni-Ti
Can be designed to change its
shape or dimensions in response to
an increase in temperature small
enough to be tolerated by the
adjacent tissues in which it is
embedded.
FCC ----Martensite
It has good strain recoverability,
notch sensitivity and has excellent
fatigue, biocompatibility and
corrosion resistance
Applications