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14

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15

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16

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17

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18

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19

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21

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22

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23

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24

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25

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26

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27

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28

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29

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30

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31

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32

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33

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34

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35

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36

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wig Vj dxwi i,W ljdibj } fjvsj m
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ci VhgG idh.sj b,e[ uj w[ Wpi[ hjv sj m
qhJhdiVjq hig liW dlZ wjq wig
a[i[ u{lj aP. hg aP. iPf h{ bwjv sj m
dxi hpwq s[ a'i ds,aj uj bjfSj w.q wi m
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ldaVjq dl>z ul dwaVj wp WiV[ m
41

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a[ ijq ug sjl h'dHbj@ W+qjV.s y'oj Wjvg ijq h'dHbj lpt ijq
h{lg Vjq f>ur[G sj dHh WyV f+dl,Z h{ bjq h'dHbj m s' w.dVbj
eju' a[ h'Hg fPVg zi dr,y lpt riag a[ bijq h'dHbj m fPiV
fpit sj WyV Vj ws[ qpCsj dwRpGdw l.a dr,y W'vsj ijq h'dHbj m
H[l ijq } duhC[ fAjS v{Gs[ fjH[ v'w f+v'w s[ lpt RphVJ m
Z.V uVq h{ duVJ V[ sil fil[ wga[ bjfS[ Rpuv[ qpt RphVJ m

u{lj aP a{lj aphg dwbj Rpfqj sgu{

f+dwiaw ljZVj } upBjS@ Ziag@ bwjL@ W+dhq>c@ lPiu@
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wi lwsj h{ m hrj@ fjSg@ x,pv f,agbj sj dliuVhji@ q'h t>Fj
dr,y i.e FiVrjvj dHh wvjwji@ ugr vHg fsjioJ sg WtdLL
wisj h{ m fiWaJ dr,y NiV[ xpBjRpS rjvj@ qjiPovJ dr,y i[a
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h{ dw Rpn uje@ fAjS wi dHl wvj dwia dliuVhji sg m
ljsj dvWjl@ v'w drtjrj VhgG@ F[t w'Hg VhgG@ dl+LBg dr,y
W{n[ spdVbjrg ba[ f+qjio s[ fsjio s'rJ h,oJ Vjv r.cg uj ih[
hV m ljZP qhjaqj dwl[ rg F[t dr,y h'r[ FJc[ sg lqi,oj bVplji
WtdLLJ Vjv FifPi wig uj ih[ hV m rias[ F.cjdibJ dry'G wpN
w qja+ v{S vHg fhpy
. [ hV dH,w l.dVbjlg l.fs
+ j dr,y' qhJfpit
L.wijfpig$$) q>cvg lq[a ape
. rjvg df>c fhpy
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[ j
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##qhjiju ) siLV aJ h' eH[ f+LV Wjwg h{$$ lrjqg ug V[
WyV wgaj m ##hJ ) f+LV wi'$$ hpwq h'dHbj m
42

##huPi dHw,DdvbJ w'v wiJej ija s[ lq[G m lrjqg ug f+LV

bF[s i,tSj yjhp.s[ lV m bjfJ ija hpS hg WSj v{Gs[ hJ m$$ WjWj
ug f+LV s[ urjW vHg a,afi lV m
W{ng l.ea } hpwq wgaj ##sPi o,v[ uj w[ W{n ujY m lrjqg
ug } b>si wpBgbj dr,y Wpvj dvbj ba[ sirjuj W.s wi dvbj m
hpwq wgaj m$$ v{ h' eHg V ija@ hpS f+LV s,l' m
hpS epfa RDpa
, i f+LV h' ih[ hV m dVi.wji bF[sg f+qjio sg
dryji e'LBg wi ih[ hV m lqJ Wgasj debj dH,w z>B[ Wjs
sirjuj tD,dp vbj wpBgbJ sj fi Rpl a'G fdhvj l.wijfpig s[ f+LV
sj sirjuj tpv debj lg m lrjqg ug bjdebj v{ w[ bjfs[ qjie
r,v yv fH[ m ila[ dr,y ljZP q>cvg V[ dryji e'LBg Wji[ fpKdAbj
aJ lpbjqg ug V[ urjW ds,aj ##l.a iPf Zji FerjV bjf W{n[ hV m$$
wdW,a sg fdhvg f>eag ljZPbJ sj lrjv h{
bevgbJ s' f>eagbJ lrjqg ug sj urjW h{ m
aphjc[ qp,t a[ liPi y[hij h'dHbj VPi' VPi
wpA r[dtbj uiPi b,e[ fpA[ q>cvg
urjW-r[dtbj VhgG dqdvbj@ w'v dhis[ sj dtdvbj h'Hg
ljZVj lxv u[hCg ljZg lg bt>cvg m
whJ q{G WtjV'@ wpA wh[ V bjr[
Vj bjds h{ V b>a b{lj a[u f+yc.vg
l.a iPf Zji bjf W{nj FerjV dH,o[ m
du>V%J fil[ yiV daV%J qpwg uqc.cvg m
L.wijfpig ug bjadqw Wv s[ dVfpV
. lV m bjf ug V[ v[tw s[
dfaj } WyV fdhvj wgaj lg dw bjf Fpy' WjWj ug sg l[rj dr,y
ih'e[ m l! iaV dl>z ug V[ dwhj ##lrjqg ug q{} aJ RpVJ% sj faj
dBwjSj VhgG m$$ wdhS v,e[ ##lqJ bjRpS a[ lF faj v,e ujH[ej m$$
dHh f+le
. b,e[ bjr[ej us l[rj dr,y bjH[ aJ dwl ai%J bjH[ m
\dHh f+l.e v[tw s[ dfaj ug a'G dqdvbj|
43

bfVg l[rj bjdf wijHg epiqda b>adi ujeg

l.lji b>si dryiS rjv[ ugr } f>u drwjiJ rKv'G wgag
hji qhJfpitJ s[ sirju[ b,e[ uj tCj wisg h{ m du,a sg wvfVj
wisj dHVljV h'i svsv sg dq,Bg rJe eiwsj yvj uJsj h{ m
Fpv uJsj h{ f+FP sg h'Gs } m fi dul f+jSg a[ f+q[Li sg dwifj
ds+LBg h' ujH[ Rpl sg b>ai u'a epiqda lswj uje Rpnsg h{ m
Rplsj qV drwjiJ a'G W[firjh h' w[ dVi.wjig u'a sg l[rj sg
Rpq>e i,tS vesj h{ m dxi f+FP sg b>ai f+[iVj Vjv l[rj sg Rpq>e
i,tS vesj h{ m dxi f+FP sg b>ai f+[iVj Vjv l[rj b>si v,e
uJsj h{ m
l! Fje dl>z df>c u,lg f" rjvg sj idhS rjvj dH,w lZjiS
dwljV lg m dHl } bljZ i'e v,e debj m Whpa dHvju wirjRpS
a'G Wjbs rg w'Hg bijq Vj bjdHbj m dwl[ bjsqg V[ lvjh ds,ag
dw Fp,y' rjv[ qhJfpitJ w'v W[Vag wiw[ s[t vY dwZi[ q[hi sg
dVejh f{ ujr[ m li'a lpSdsbJ hg Fp,y' fhp.y debj m
Vqlwji wiV Rpfi.a sp,t awvgx huPi b,e[ s,lg m sgV
dsbjv fjaLjh V[ dHl } q,Bg sj uv AwjdHbj ba[ Li%j wig
aJ awvgx Rpl[ lq[G sPi h' eHg m s' dsV dHo[ idhS a'G Wjbs
Fje dl>z V[ bjdebj q>eg m WjWj ug V[ WyV wgaj ##dHh a[ij
dwl[ uVq sj fjf xv lg m u' i'e s[ iPf dr,y v,Ddebj lg m hpS
l[rj wiw[ fp>V rZj vY m$$
Fje dl>z ##lda WyV$$ wdh w[ l[rj dr,y v,e debj m wHg
ljv l[rj wisj dihj m
44

dHw dsV Fje dl>z l[rj dr,y WjWj ug s[ bjlS w'v W{nj
lg m byjVw WjWj ug Rpn w[ tC[ h' eH[ a[ WyV wiV v,e[ ##hi[
hi[ m$$ dHl ai%J wHg rji wgaj aJ Fje dl>z V[ W[Vag wi ds,ag
##qhjiju) dHh wg w"aw h{ aplgG rji rji$$ ##hi[ hi[$$ tC[ h' w[
ufs[ h' m
WjWj ug V[ WyV wgaj ##dHh ljcg bjfSg e,v h{ m$$
Fje dl>z ypf wi debj m wpN lq[G Wjbs Rpl V[ x[i fpdAbj
bjfV[ dxi ypf wij ds,aj m rji rji f,pAS a[ dH,w dsV wdhS
v,e[ ##aP. Whpa du,sg h{ fp,AS' VhgG h,Bsj b,u a{} b,tg dstj ds>s[
hJ m$$ Rpl lq[G s' WgWgbJ@ WgWg ljdhW w'i sjsP qn rjvg dH,w
h'i lg m WjWj ug V[ hpwq wgaj m
##s[rg aplgG yvgbj ujRp blgG bjfSg v%gvj wiVg h{ m$$
WgWgbJ s[ ujS Rpfi>a WjWj ug V[ Fje dl>z } w'v Wpvj
dvbj a[ WyV wgaj ##v{ s[t vrg u' s[tSj yjhp.sj h{G blgG tC[
hp.s[ hJ m$$
WjWj ug s[ tC[ h'S a'G fdhvj Fje dl>z wg s[tsj h{ dw
hjog@ z'dCbj Rpa[ lrji@ ioJ dr,y W[b>a v'w bj ih[ hV m
Rph v>z eH[ fi bjf W{n[ ih[ m dfA'G WC[ hg blyiu liPf
blyiu lrjig a[ lrji h' w[ bj ih[ hV m WjWj ug tC[ h' w[
qp,t a'G W'v[ ##hi[$$ m dHl ai%J spfdhi a'G Ljq aw yvsj dihj m
dsW lif bjRpGsj aJ huPi V[ WyV wgaj ##s[t dvbj dw bu[
h'i s[tSj h{ ($$
Fje dl>z V[ qjxg q>eg a[ dwhj ##qhjiju) aphjcgbJ aplgG
hg ujSs[ h' m eigW dVrju lj} wvIpeg ugrJ } wg faj h{ m
dwbj hq ugb u.a W[yji[ WidV V ljwh H[w i'qjHg mm
\b>e 822|

45

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xdibjsg vHg hjwq f+q[Li sj liPf hp.sj h{ m Rplsg W[Vag
sj dHvju qhJfpitJ sj WyV srjHg h{ m ljZ l.ea dr,y wgaj
qhJfpitJ sj WyV bq'vw qh,aaj itsj h{ m li'aj uV dHl W+hq
debjV a'G bSujV h'S wiw[ rjs drrjs b>si f{ w[ f+a,t s[tSj
yjhp.sj h{ m fi dHh bF[s LwagbJ f+a,t a'G w>Vg waijRpGsgbJ
hV m dHl[ ai%J hg dligH[ rjv[ sj dH,w dl>z WjWj ug Vjv rjs
drrjsj dr,y f{ w[ luj sj Fjeg WSsj h{ m
dligH[ rjv[ df>c sg ljtg bjf fdhv[ dh,l[ dr,y fC% yp,w[ h' m
us'G s' V"urjVJ V[ WjWj ug s[ qp,t a'G f,vj vjdhbj lg@ Rpl evag
sj bdhljl wiw[ Rpo'G sg f>yjdHa WjWj ug sg Fjv wisg ihg m
WjWj ug s[ Fp,y' h'S sg tWi RpV%J } dqv eHg FjHg V,oj dl>z@
FjHg h;jij dl>z@ FjHg q[zj dl>z ba[ qjHg f+ajf w"i WjWj ug
s[ yiVJ dr,y Fp,y' fhp.y hpwq bVplji dB,v[ Rpfi fhp.y eH[ m RphVJ
V[ dligH[ rjv[ sj fpijSj dw,lj s,l w[ W[Vag wgag ##qhjiju blgG
Fp,v WtLjRpS bjH[ hJ m$$
huPi V[ RpKai dr,y xpiqjdHbj ##w'Hg e,v VhgG ##Lp,Z h{ m$$
dxi h'i WyV wis[ ih[ m dHV%J dry'G dH,w dl>z V[ fpijSg e,v a[
rjs drrjs LpiP wi ds,aj m Rph W'v[ a[ WjWj ug yp,f wi ujS m
WjWj ug dxi W'vS aJ Rph WyV dry'G hg w,B s[r[ m ljogbJ V[
WCj lqNjdHbj fi Rph bjfSg du,s a[ bdCbj dihj m us yp,f
Vj wdibj aJ WjWj ug V[ WyV wgaj ##aP. dfAv[ uVq dr,y rg
ljc[ Vjv NeCsj dihj h{ m$$
46

Rph dxi W'v Rpdnbj ##dHaVj q{} wg faj m$$ huPi V[ f,B
V.ej wiw[ dstjdHbj a[ WyV wgaj ##aP. ljc[ wphjCg qjig lg m
dHh Rpl utq sj dVLjV h{ m$$
ljig l.ea V[ evag sg qjxg q>eg m Rpl } rg dwhj ##Fp,v
WtLj v{ m fdhvg evag sg qjxg v{S bjH[ h'i Vj wi W{ngH[ m$$
Rpl V[ Fp,v WtLjRpS vHg W[Vag wgag aJ WjWj ug qhjiju
V[ WyV wgaj ##ljcg w{s w,BSg h{ uJ liwjig m$$
Rpl V[ dwhj ##u' aphjcj hpwq h'r[ej q>VjeJ m$$
hpwq dHh h{ ##dHwg ijaJ qjV'rjvg TjW a[ dH,wg ijaJ
qhjuVJ rjvg q,Bg a[ dH,wg ijaJ W[ig h[n \du,o[ blgG ih[ lJ|
f{Sj h{ m u[ fr[Gej VhgG uJ dryjv[ A,c s[r[Gej aJ liwjig w{s
h' ujr[eg m$$ l>ea dr,y ljigbJ LiaJ q>V vHgbJ@ lF }
bjdebj dqv eHg m Rpl V[ df>c fhp.y w[ fdhij s[Sj LpiP wi
ds,aj m sl wp dsVj Wjbs fdhij W>s wi ds,aj m wpN lq[G Wjbs
dH,w qjqPvg duh[ WhjV[ lswj w[l WS debj m dHl s[ x{lv[ dr,y
da.V qhgV[ sg w{s h' eHg m dHl a'G Rpfi.a dHl df>c sj dwLV
dl>z zi a'G ep,Dl[ h' w[ yvj debj m zi rjdvbJ V[ WjWj ug
w'v xdibjs wgag aJ huPi V[ WyV wgaj ##Rph VhgG dqvsj
du,o[ ujSj lg fhp.y debj h{ m$$ l' dHl ai%J qhJfpitJ sg WijWig
qV } wvfVj sg dytj a[ dWnjSj h{ m ldaWyV sj bdZwjig
hg dVi.wjig u'a sgbJ tpLgbJ sj bV.s qjS lwsj h{ m
\dHh f+l.e V,oj dl>z dligH[rjvj V[ dvtjdHbj|

47

bjdebjwjig lsj lptp Fp.y{

ua wa f[tRp hdi epVg
dl+LBg ljuShji@ dAV qja+ dr,y dHVljVg bjaqj sj
fdhijrj Wsv s[S rjvj@ fia,t iPf dr,y ZiagbJ bwjL hrj@
fjSg ba[ v'w fiv'w sg Lwv b>si qV,pt s[ ljhqS[ h{ m bjlJ
da+LVJ sgbJ vdhiJ dr,y e'a[ tJs[ dHVljV sj aqjLj tps
qhJfpitJ s[ fdhijr[ dr,y bj w[ s[tsj h{ m fPiWv[ wiqJ sj Wvg
dHh' duh[ qhJfpitJ sg l[rj dr,y bjRpGsj h{ m bjdebj dr,y idh
w[ v'w f+v'w s[ l,pt f+jfa wisj h{ m ua wa Rpl } qhJfpitJ
dry'G f+FP sg Nja f{Gsg h{ m dHh' f+jfa wgaj qpVLg hids,a dl>z
ug V[ WjWj ug s[ yiV LiV bj w[ m
qpVLg hids,a dl>z ug fdBbjv[ s[ idhS rjv[ lV mbjf V[
bjvq@xjuv@RpisP xjilg sg fC%jHg wgag h'Hg lg m Rpl lq[G
WpZgqjVg@ drsrjVg ba[ debjVg f>ujWg sgbJ dceigbJ lV m
dHl[ aiJ bjf V[ RpisP a[ xjilg sg dceig wgag h'Hg lg m qpVLg
ug fdBbjv[ V"wig wis[ lV m dwl[ wjiV bjf } V"wig a'G upbjW
dqv debj m WjWj ug fjl V"wig vHg W[Vag wiV bjdHbj aJ
WjWj ug V[ bjfS[ w'v hg i,t dvbj ba[ liwjig V"wig s[ WijWi
sg aVtjh s[S v,e fH[ m RpV%J sj w.q bjHg l.ea s[ Vjq dvtSj m
dul Wji[ hpwq h'Sj dw dHl s[ VjVw[@ sjsw[ lhpi[@ FPbj@ qjqgbJ@
bjds s[ Vjq dvt' Rph qpVLg ug V[ dvtS[ m huPi V[ u' b,ti qp,t
a'G RpyjiV wiVj Rph hg dvtsj r,Z z,B VhgG m qpVLg ug V[ Wjwg
idh.sg bjIP dHo[ hg epujig zi VhgG eH[ m Rpl lq[G s[ iduLBi
48

ypWji[ dr,y W'i[ Fi[ fH[ hV m duV%J Wji[ qhJfpit WjWj ug WyV
wis[ lV m ##dw lqJ bjr[ej dHV%J sg v'C fr[eg m$$ WjWj ug
qhJhdiVjq dl>z ug a'G Wjbs WjWj Vi{S dl>z ug a'G Wjbs WjWj
HgLi dl>z ug@ dHh fpijaV dvtaJ s[ W'i[ l.FjvS vHg WjWj t[q
dl>z ug V[ dHw lq[G bjdebj q>eg fi bjdebj VhgG dqvg m hpS
q"uPsj qhJfpit WjWj lpts[r dl>z ug rv'G dHh dvtaJ l.FjvS
vHg bisjl W[Vag wgag eHg@ bjdebj dqvS Rpfi.a WjWj ug
rv'G dHh ypWjij t'dv%bj debj dHh fpijaV dvtaJ s[tgbJ
eHgbJ m WjWj ug rv'G dHh dvtaJ rjv[ f[fi w>dfRPBi dry i,Dt[
eH[ aJ u' dHhVJ sg l[rj l.Fjv h' lw[ m dHhVJ dvtaJ dry'G
wpN ljtgbJ a[i%r[G Fje dry AjfS vHg dabjig wgag uj ihg h{ m

uVqp wjvp wi u'dC hpwqp u' h'dH lp q>V{ mm

Rpfu ba[ dWVl s'r[G wjiu f+q[Li s[ hpwq dr,y hV@
riaqjV Ip,e dry rg dHV%J s'r[G wjiuJ b,e[ ljdH>l hdobji
lp,B ds>sj h{ m dwl[ f+jSg ugr sg Rpafag dl+LBg ljuVj s[ hpwq
sg fAjS h{ m fi u[ wvupeg qVp,t dHl } lqN vr[ aJ h>wji
sgbJ lgCgbJ a'G vJF[ h' ujr[ m
hpwq{ b>sdi lFp w' Wjhdi hpwq V w'dH mm
VjVw hpwq{ u[ WpN{ a hRpq{ wh{ V w'dH mm

dlbjS[ bjts[ hV dw Ziag } bjsqg sj Fji biog df,A[

uJs[ sj v,esj h{ VhgG aJ bjsqg hRPq{G sj qigu h'dHbj Ziag
sg w.c a'G Rpfi hg aCfsj dxisj h{ m dul V[ hpwq s[ f{i fPu[
Rpl vHg tpLg eqg dH,w lqjV h{ m FjHg rdibjq dl>z ug l[rjsji
} rg hpwq sg yiV A'h f+jfa lg m
49

FjHg rdibjq dl>z ug s[ ajdHbj ug sg dH,w vCwg bjl

w"i a[ dH,w vCwj uga dl>z lg m bjl w"i fPhv[ drbjhg h'Hg
lg m WgWg V[ fdhv[ W,y[ } uVq ds,aj aJ bjf Whpa Wgqji h'
eHg m hjva e.Fgi h.psg eHg m b,Zg ija sj lqJ lg uga dl>z
a[ FjHg rdibjq dl>z WjWj ug fjl bjH[ m Vqlwji wiw[ W[Vag
wgag ##qhjiju ljcg F{S Whpa Wgqji h{ m Rpqgs a'G Wjhi h{@
dw+fj wi' m$$
WjWj ug V[ WyV wgaj ##w.dVbJ aj ujH[eg m$$
FjHg ug V[ dxi xdibjs wig@ ##eigW dVrju uiPi dw+fj
wi'@ idhqa s[ zi bjRp@ ujV WtdLL wi' m$$
huPi V[ wpA ip,w w[ xpiqjdHbj ##dHw aiwgW h{ dw Rplsg
sg ue%j w'Hg h'i ujH[ej m$$
uga dl>z V[ N,B Rpai ds,aj ##sgV dsbjv) q{G dabji hJ m$$
##x[i l'y v{) dHh Whpa qpLwv w.q h{ m huPi V[ dxi fidtbj m
##q{G dabji hJ m$$
##y.ej Lp,Z h{ m$$ zi yv[ ujY vCwg ngw h{ m zi bjH[ aJ
vCwg a.sipla lg m lqJ v.zdsbJ c[T ljv Wga debj m vCwg
sg ujV WtLV lq[G u' WyV h'dHbj lg Rpl } lji[ f+rji V[ drlji
ds,aj m uga dl>z f'h s[ qhgV[ t[a dr,y ijtg dfbj wisj lg m
t[a df>c s[ Vjv hg FjHg dsbjv sjl sg lqjZ w'v lg m FjHg
rdibjq dl>z sj fdirji WgWg wiq w"i \FjHg dsbjv sjl sg
f'aig| V[ fjng s[ a"i a[ dvbJsj lg m lqjZ s[ Vjv hg dHV%J
} t[a ds,aj lg mbyjVw hg uga dl>z s[ f{i Rpfi dwl[ yg;
V[ y,w qjdibj m agvg Wjv w[ RplV[ s[dtbj aJ l,f lg m Rph lqN
debj dw dHl V[ c>e qjdibj h{ m zi bj w[ FjHg ug } ljo
v{ w[ WjWj ug fjl bj debj m
50

WjWj ug V[ fpdAbj ##dHl r[v[ FjHg ug m$$

huPi) uga dl>z s[ l,f vC debj h{ m FjHg ug V[ awvgx s,lg m
WjWj ug V[ hpwq wgaj ##uga dl>z ufpug ljdhW sj fjn
wi' m uga dl>z V[ fjn LpiP wgaj m fC%s[ fC%s[ uWjV ipwV v,e
fHg m Rpl V[ dwhj ##qhjiju q[i[ w'v W'dvbj VhgG uJsj q{} bjf
ug s[ yiV APh v{S dsY m$$
WjWj ug V[ w'Hg RpKai Vj ds,aj m uga dl>z ligi \f>u FPaw
y'vj| A,c debj m WjWj ug V[ hpwq wgaj ##dHl } zi v{ ujY m$$
dHl e,v a'G FjHg rdibjq dl>z sj fdirji ep,l[ h' debj
ba[ WjWj ug w'v bjRpSj A,c ds,aj m Vijueg sj s"i dH,w ljv
yvsj dihj m dHwiji Vjq[ Rpfi bqv sg ajqgv wiVg b,Dt'G fi't[
wi itg lg m dH,w dsV huPi V[ dH,w l[rw F[u w[ rdibjq dl>z
} WpvjdHbj m FjHg ug bj eH[ m
WjWj ug V[ WyV wgaj ##FjHg ug wg e,v h' eHg bjRpSj
hg A,c ds,aj wg Vijueg h{ ($$
FjHg ug V[ RpKai ds,aj$$ qhjiju) blgG ljij fdirji bjf
ug s[ l[rw hJ m u' hpwq hp.sj h{ q>Vs[ hJ m q{G hpwq bVplji hv
yvjRpGs[ lq[G rg ufpug ljdhW sj fjn wisj hJ m bjf ug s[
hpwq sg bsPvg VhgG wgag m fi x[i rg ljc[ uga dl>z sg q"a
sj FjSj dwRpG ridabj ( bjf ug V[ xdibjs VhgG lpSg m
lpVS Rpfi>a huPi V[ WyV wgaj WgWg sg oJ uga dl>z V[
ujS sj dHwiji wgaj lg m dHl s[ ujS sj lqJ blgG bjfSg
Rpqi dry'G c[T ljv s[w[ rZjdHbj lg m dHl V[ Rpl oJ a[ ujSj
lg l' yvj debj m btgi lq[G Rpl } WjSg fCV vj ds,aj lg m
b>a lq[G WjSg fCV lpVS sj wg vjF h{ dHl a'G aP. Fvg FJa
ujSP h{ m$$
51

FjHg rdibjq dl>z yiVj a[ Tdh dfbj a[ biu epujig

##qhjiju) WtL vr' m blgG wvupeg ugr F,pvShji hJ m$$
##y.ej hpS l[rj dr,y bjdHbj wi m hpS a[i[ dH,w fp,ai y.sj
dl>z h{ m dHl s[ wHg y.s[ h' ujSe[ m Rpsjl VhgG h'Sj m$$ dxi
FjHg rdibjq dl>z huPig l[rjsji WS debj m
\dHh WyV u'de>si dl>z dT,v' a'G f+jfa h'dHbj|

wWgi h.lp RpdcY aVp ejdcY l'NjHg l{Vjh mm

buhP ugRp V A'cHg i>wjHg V{Vjh mm
WyfV@ urjVg a[ WpTjfj da.V brloJ dry'G wiqI'e sg
F,ng sj l[w N,vsj dHVljV siejhg sirju[ b,e[ uj tCsj h{ m
ligiw dwdibj dH.si[ cpWs[ lPiu sg i'LVg sg aiJ q,Zq f{ uJsg
h{ m bjaqj u' dHw' hg brloj dr,y dyi.ugr idh.sg h{@ ligiw
dwv[ W.sg a'CV vHg a,afi tCg h{ m ugRPS sg vjvlj spdVbjrg
wji drhji vHg rg VhgG erjHg m fsjioJ sg q>e dH,w w.ejv
q>ea[ sg dVbjHgG W[Lpqji h{ m q{vg h'Hg bjaqj vHg ljWS sj
rSu VhgG wgaj m lr{ dH,AJ lr{qjV f+jfa wgaj v'w u,l vHg@
f+v'w sg Vjr \dwLag| dwVji[ a'G dhvjRpS vHg y,fP rg VhgG
qjdibj m f+FP s[ hdiVjqj qhJfpitJ sg l[rj wgag aJ rg qV dr,y
wpN bjlj da+LVj i,t w[ qpwag VhgG q>eg fsjioJ s[ b>Wji b>si
t,cj t'dsbj h{ m b>Z[i[ dr,y bv'f h'S rjvg AjdHbj sj f,vj
xdC%bj@ f+wjL r,v h,o VhgG rZjdHbj m
WjWj ug sg huPig b>si dH,w qjHg dHl[ hg df>c sg dVaV[q
l[rj wisg lg m r,c[ r,c[ q,B i'u fjSg s[ FiV[ ba[ u[ dwl[ ygu
sg v'C h'Sg hpwq bVplji zi'G WSj w[ dvbjRpSg m ws[ ws[ qjHg
52

s[ fp,ai lirV dl>z ba[ vjv dl>z V.Wisji rg sp,Z v{ w[ bj

uJs[ lV m qjHg sj fag hgij dl>z drA'Cj s[ debj lg m dH,w
dsV qjHg V[ WjWj ug b,e[ W[Vag wga ##qhjiju) q[i[ fag Vjv
q[igbJ e,vj wijY m
dV,w[ W,y[ A,c debj h{ m ##q{G Rpl Vjv vCVj h{ m$$
##qjHg a[ij lW.Z Rpl Vjv RpaVj hg lg du>Vg s[i Rph ligi
wiw[ lg m hpS Rpl Vjv w'Hg lW.Z VhgG Rpl} Ijs wiVj A,cs[ m$$
huPi WjWj ug sg ajwgs lg m
wHg rji W[Vag wgag mm fi huPi yp,f wi ujS m dH,w dsV
tpLg dr,y bj w[ fpAS v,e[ ##dwRpG qjHg x[i wijHgH[ e,vJ m$$
qjHg wdhS v,eg ##eigW dVrju wijY m$$ wigi r,v dHLjij
wiw[ wdhS v,e[ ##uj Rpo[ uj w[ v[B uj m$$
qjHg Rpo[
s[dtbj dw q{G
upvjdHbj sj
h'dHbj m qjHg

f{ eHg m o'Cg s[i Wjbs VgGs bj eHg m Rpl V[

Fp,y' r,v uj ihg hJ m ila[ dr,y xagbJ Vjqg
qp.cj \u' qdibj h'dHbj lg m| fv.z v{ w[ tCj
V[ Rpl} fpdAbj ##dw aP. dw,Do[ idh>sj h{ m$$

Rpl V[ RpKai ds,aj ##q{G dHo[ urJ sg ijtg rjla[ t[a idh.sj
hJ m$$ xagbJ V[ qjHg } dwhj dw ljc[ zi lpV[hj s[HgG m l.ZPbJ
Vjv vesg ljcg lrja dr,y dH,w w'ng h{ m Rpl dr,y q[ig wjvg
lPx sg ujwB sg xBg u[W s[ vC s' ipfH[ W.V[ h'H[ hV m Rph ipfH[
q[ig qJ a[ F{S } wdhSj wjug } i'Bg tpbj w[ sjV s[ s[S m
ljc[ zi s[ dfAv[ fjl[ fjSg sj zCj Fi w[ rS s[ h[n
i,t s[S m dq,Bg s[ FJc[ Vjv T,w s[Sj m q{G fjSg fgGsj ihJej m
zCj tjvg VhgG h'S s[Sj m us qjHg b,e[ bjHg aJ de,v f,ag
sg LqLjV zjB bj eHg m r[tsg h{ dw hgij dl>z s[ r,c[ Fij
siWjij dl>z sg z'Cg wigi Vjv W.V%g tC%g h{ m Rph s[ts[ hg qjHg
53

s[ dfA[ l'Bg v{ w[ f{ debj a[ W'dvbj ##a{} W,DdybJ w'v A,Ddcbj

lg m dHo[ wg v{S bjHg h{G m uj w[ W,y[ l.Fjv m qjHg ci eHg aJ
b,t tp,v eHg m qjHg rjdhepiP rjdhepiP sj ujf wisg Rpn W{ng m
WjWj ug fjl bj w[ dtqj q>eg ba[ evag WtLj w[ bjdebj v{
w[ yvg eHg m ila[ dr,y uJsg V[ xagH[ s[ zi lpV[hj s[ ds,aj m
Rl s[ zi rjdvbJ V[ lF wpN s[dtbj aJ Rphg h'dHbj u' qjHg
V[ s,Ddlbj lg m dHh w"aw y.sj dl>z bjfSg sjsg ug a'G lpdSbj
wis[ lV m
\dHh f+l.e y.sj dl>z de,v f,ag Fp,y' wvj a'G f+jfa h'dGHbj m|

wiRp WijWdi u' df+bj l.de ijag

dHh hRPq{ wg TgnjHg mm
W+hq debjV sg f+jfag h'Hg aJ qVp,t a'G qhJfpit sg fsrg
fjHg m Rpl Rpfi.a Rpl f+FP s[ hpwq dr,y idh w[ spVgbjsjiJ sj
Fvj wgaj aJ firjV h{ m fi u[ WtdLL sg t{i Vjv N'vg Fi
w[ Wtdl>s Vjv sej wqjdHbj@ Rplsg WijWig wgag aJ hLi
h'dHbj ijrS@ hiVjwL@ qVlPi riej hRPq{ sg udhi tjS a'G
Wy@ yiV ZPC hg xwsj dihj aJ qpiLs dsbjvP h{ FJcj r,cj
wis[ ujY rlaP v{S vHg m WijWig wgag aJ b,c[ h,oJ } b>dq+a
sg oJ drL dqv[eg m spdVbjrg qVp,t lPNrjV dw>VJ rg btrjH[
fi qhJfpitJ sg WijWig VhgG wi lwsj m fPiV qhJfpit } fvwJ
ypw w[ rg VhgG s[dtbj uj lwsj dwRpGdw xwgi sj siuj iju[
a'G RpKyj siljdHbj h{ m
qhjijuj VjF[ rjvj hgij dl>z wpN lq[G vHg l.a Z.Vj dl>z
54

ug } dqdvbj ml.a ug l>ldw+a bjds e+.o s[ wjxg drsrjV lV m

WjWj ug a'G bjadqw Lwag lswj rg ri'ljH[ h'H[ lV m RpV%J }
dqvS Wjbs iju[ V[ dVLyj wgaj dw dHV%J s[ epiPbJ } dqdvbj
ujr[ m WjWj ug s[ siLV wiV vHg Fp,y' fhp.dybj m hjog sg lrjig
Vjv vLwi@bdhvwji bjds Ljhg T.e aigw[ Vjv ijuj
fhp.dybj m hjog Rpa[ lrji hg bjdebj q>eS v,ej m qhjiju l.a
l[rg lpFj sj bjsqg lg m qhJfpitJ sg l[rj wisj lg m dH,w rji
hispbji e.ej a[ l.a HgLi dl>z ug driwa s'Zi rjdvbJ }
v,t ipf[ q,oj B[dwbj m RpV%J v{S a'G dHVwji wi ds,aj m us'G Vj
q>V[ aJ iju[ V[ dwhj ##q[i[ riej sjVg VhgG dqvSj m$$ l>a WyV
wgaj ##ljc[ riej dabjeg VhgG dqvSj m Whpa ljZ q>es[ dxis[
hV m$$ dHl ai%J s[ wHg WyV hV m dHV%J spbjij ds,aj sjV
qhJfpitJ V[ v{S a'G dHVwji wi ds,aj m iju Fje v{ w[ sjV
wiVj@ l>a l[rg h'Sj WCg r,cg LiZj h{ m fi qV dr,y qjV@ h>wji@
q{G sg q{v V h'r[ m
b"i.eu[W sg dhsjdHa a[ ijuj u{ dl>z b,nr[G fjaLjh }
ds,vg v{ debj m fi b,nr[G fjaLjh V[ b"i.e;[W } siLV VhgG
ds,a[ dwRpGdw Rph wijqja s[tSj yjhp.sj lg m us fjaLjh VJ
q>V[ aJ Rpl V[ ijuj u{ dl>z } w'Hg wijqja dstjRpS vHg dwhj m
iju[ V[ bjfSg ijSg } e'vgbJ s[ w,fC[ ba[ e'vgbJ } ijSgbJ
s[ w,fC[ fpbj ds,a[ s[tS vHg dw epiP dwr[G fAjS wi[ej m epiP
ug zi bj w[ dl,Z[ ijSg sg e'sg dr,y W{n eH[ m lji[ fdirji
V[ Vq'Lg q>Vg ba[ epiP ug a'G qpbjxg q>eg m ldaepiP ug s[ ligi
A,cS Rpfi.a ijuj u{ dl>z } Whpa fAyjajf h'dHbj dw q{G hg
dHhVJ sg q'a sj wjiV hJ m dwRpGdw q{G b"i.e;[W sg dhsjdHa
Rpfi dHhVJ } ds,vg dvbJsj m qV } LJag V bjr[ btgi slr[G
fjaLjh w'v sqsqj ljdhW fhp.y w[ fAyjajf wiV v,ej m RphVJ
55

WyV wgaj ##rjdhepiP sg i;j h{ dHh dHlg ai%J h'Sj lg m$$ dxi
Rpls[ qV } LJag bjHg m epiP ljdhW V[ WjSg sj fjn l+rS wiV
sg ajwgs wgag m v>ei dabji h'dHbj F>cji[ ria[ m epiPbJ sg
tpLg f+jfa wiw[ iju[ s[ qV } wpN LJag dqvg m da.V f+wji s[
udebjlP hp.s[ hV m RpKaq@ q,Zq a[ lZjiV m RpKaq udebjlP Rph
hV duVJ s[ Rpfs[L wpN lqj lpVS Vjv qV } dHwjeiaj hp.sg
h{ m sPlij dul } wqjHg wiw[ wpN lqJ vesj h{ m lZjiV }
zjvSj v>qj lqJ zjvSg f{Gsg h{ m dH,w w,fCj fi{D,l wiw[ fjRpS
rjvj hg h{ dH,w } q{v v,eg h{ m ljx wiV rjvj h{ m dH,w } sje
rg Whpa q{v[ fH[ h'H[ hV m
##uVq uVq wg dHlp qV wRp qv vjeg wjvj h'bj dlbjhp$$

epidl,tJ V[ ldaepiJ sg rg fit wgag h{ m epiP bqisjl ug

s[ siWji dr,y qjHg sjl Vjq rjvj wqjHg rjvj drsrjV
bjdHbj m fdhvJ dHl wiw[ qpC debj dw v>ei y'G f+Ljsj A,w[
dWVJ epiP siLV VhgG h' lwsj lg m dHl V[ VhgG tjZj dwRpGdw
dHh r{LV' lg bjfS[ h,o sj F'uS WSj w[ lpyq wiw[ tJsj lg m
v>ei dr,y dHh e,v VhgG h' lwsg lg m dul wiw[ Vxia Vjv
qpC debj lg m
dxi wpN dsVJ Wjbs FerjV dw+LV sg brju bjHg a[ hpwq
h'dHbj m ##qjHg sjl aP. e'dH.srjv fhp.y q[ij siLV Rpo[ h'r[ej m
##qjHg sjl e'dH.srjv fhp.dybj m qV dr,y xpiVj WdSbj q{} q[i[
dHLB s[ iPf dr,y siLV h'S aJ q[ig dH,Aj fPig h'r[eg m v>ei
A,wS Rpfi>a us siLVJ vHg debj aJ epiP bqi sjl ug V[
dw+LV s[ iPf dr,y siLV ds,a[ m slr[G fjaLjh V[ fBV[ ljdhW
dr,y dLr s,a } ijq s[ iPf dr,y siLV ds,a[ m b{lg f+gdtbj lq[G
lq[G bVplji FeaJ V[ rg vHg m dul V[ f+gdtbj vHg Rpl V[ aVp
qVp ZVp lF lYpdf epi wRp hpwdq q>dVb{ fjHgb{$$ rjvg f>eag
56

a[ xp,v yCjH[ m dxi oJ oJ FBws[ VhgG ljig Rpqi RpKo[ hg hpwq

b>si epuji ds,ag m duVJ V[ oJ oJ f+gdtbJ vHg Rph aJ n,egbJ
qjiV rjvg e,v whg h{ m
Vj Ydh qidh V nje[ ujdh m duV w{ ijqp rl{ qV qjdh m
l.evJ sgf sgbJ hPiJ a[ vjv q'ag@ sl' dwr[G epiP VjVw } Av ujH[ m
yp.Ww ws[ rg wpaW a'G dhvsj Vj@ Fjr[G ljij dhqjdvbj hv ujH[ m
dul s[ bjli[ da.V v'w wjdHq@ dwr[[G bjf Rph oJ a'G hv ujH[ m
VjVw epiP s[ dry bF[s duhC[@ sl'G RpV%J } dwr[G w'Hg Av ujH[ m

qlaPbjS[ rjv[ l.aJ s[ wgiaV siWji dr,y qhjijuj hgij

dl>z debj ml.ea dr,y tC debj q,oj VhgG B[dwbj m WjWj ug
V[ dHLji[ Vjv W{nS vHg dwhj m W{nj VhgG le'G ujS lq[G wdh
debj ##aphjc[ qei v'w Whpa hV dwa[ wPdwbJ rjvg V wij
dsY$$ \dHh f+l.e l.a a[uj dl>z ug sg ugrVg dr,y dvdtbj h{|
u[ qhJfpit w'v dldtbj v{S ujr[ aJ qV wpN h'i hp.sj h{ u[
f+gdtbj v{S ujr[ aJ wpN h'i h.psj h{ m
hjog Rpfi lrji hg dBv[ ljdhW s[ V[C[ fhp.y debj m huPi
WjWj qhJhdiVjq dl>z ug bjfsg wpBgbJ dry'G Wjhi bj w[ b,e'G
dqv[ m ijuj hgij dl>z } L.wj h' eHg dw dHh q[ij ldawji wiV
vHg RpD,n[ hV m dHV%J } wg v'C lg q[ij bjsi wiV sg@ dHh
qhJfpit hV m dHV%J dr,y wpN zjB \wqg| h'r[eg m qV dr,y Vxia
f{sj h'Hg u' f+ljds dqlig a[ F[Bj v{ w[ bjdHbj lg \f>u l[i dqlig
a[ f,yg q'hiJ| \dwl[ sj woV h{ 500 ipfH[ lV| hjog a[ W{n[ V[
hg WjWj ug r,v yvj w[ qjig a[ rjdfl qpC y,Ddvbj m l[rw dqlig
sg f'Bvg yp,w w[ WjWj ug w'v v{ debj m sPlig f'Bvg \f{dlbJ
rjvg| Wjbs dr,y v{ debj m dqlig rjvg aJ WjWj ug V[ Rpl[
lq[G rjfl wi ds,ag m q'hiJ rjvg f'Bvg sj drbju f{dlbJ dr,y
u'C w[ RpD,V[ z>dBbJ sj ds,aj duVJ dyi w'v i,tg dwRpGdw ijuj
57

ZV'vj fhp.y debj lg m ipdfbJ rjvg f'Bvg a[ drbju s[ w[

epids,a dl>z l[q[ rjvj a[ WtajRpi dl>z Fp<vi } hpwq wgaj m
f{l[ deS w[ fj vr' ba[ drbju lq[a q'C bjRp ZV"v[ uj w[ m
s'V'G f{l[ v{ w[ ZV"v[ fhp.y eH[ m liwjig V"wi } wdh w[ iju[ }
dqv[ m Rpl V[ fpdAbj ##dwo'G bjH[ h' m$$ WjWj ug sj r[irj fj w[
RpV%J dwhj ##dHh f{l[ q'CV bjH[ hJ drbju lq[a m$$
iju[ V[ s' bjsqgbJ } hpwq ds,aj ##deS w[ f{l[ rjdfl v{ vr' m$$
f{dlbJ sg deSag LpiP h' eHg m deSag dr,y dH,w ipfdHbj
z,B debj m dxi spWjij deSag wgag aJ rg z,B debj m RpoG' aJ
blgG fPi[ v{ w[ bjH[ hJ dHh dwr[G z,B eH[ m dHh s'VG' l'yJ dr,y
f{ eH[ m dHh s[t iju[ V[ dwhj ##aplgG rg NPn[ aphjcj l>a rg NPnj m$$
s'rJ V[ W[Vag wgag ##qhjiju lj} wpN rg wdh vr'@ blgG
aphjcg fiuj lqjV hJ m fi ljc[ qhJfpitJ Wji[ w'Hg qjCj vx;
Vj ria' m$$
Wta"i dl>z V[ dwhj ##ijuj ug dB,wj ljdhW sj sis rg dHV%J
sg dwifj Vjv ngw h'dHbj lg m$$
iju[ V[ dxi ajCVj wgag ##ypf wi ujY@ u[ W'v[ aJ
h,owCgbJ vj w[ b>si wi dsbJej m$$ btgi Rph rJlvg ipdfbJ
rjvg NBwjHg aJ ipdfbj dVwv bjdHbj m f{l[ deSj w[ rjdfl
yv[ bjH[ dwRpGdw Rpo'G wpN rg tjS sj hpwq VhgG lg m
WjWj ug sg huPig dr,y fhp.y[ aJ huPi V[ WyV wgaj ##s,Dl'
wg W'dvbj hgij m$$ dHV%J V[ l.w'y wgaj m WjWj ug V[ dxi dwhj@
##s,Dl' u' Wgdabj Rph hg s,lSj m$$
RpV%J s,Ddlbj ##qhjiju Rph wdh>sj aplgG NPn[ aphjcj ljZ rg
NPnj m f{l[ z,B eH[ lV m dH,w ipdfbJ WGlvg dr,y idh debj lg m
h,o wCgbJ vrj dsbJej fi f{l[ fPi[ h'S a[ lj} A,c ds,aj m$$
58

WjWj ug lpS w[ ep,Dl[ dr,y WyV wiV v,e[ ##h,o wCgbJ rjvj
Rpl sj yjb fPij VhgG h'dHbj m blgG Rpl s[ fpa } h,owCgbJ
vjrJe[@ Rph ljc[ l[rwJ } vjRpGsj h{ m$$
b>a dr,y da.V rji WyV wgaj ##f,B fRP fdBbjvj VjFj
ZjhJ qjiPej m$$
h,o wCgbJ dxi dB,wj difps.qV } v,egbJ m uvjraV wgaj
dxi f>ujW dr,y VhgG bjdHbj Wjhi hg b>a h'dHbj m dHl[ df>c
sj iPC dl>z s,lsj h{ dw dH,w rji qhjiju difPs.qV dl>z
qlaPbjSj ljdhW debj m qjdHbj s[ T[i s[t w[ wdhS v,ej ##dHh
qjdHbj lj} s[ dsY l.a ug m aplgG wg wiVg h{ lj} yjhgsg h{ m
l.aJ V[ WyV wgaj ##ijuj dHh aJ epiP zi sg l[rj rjla[
l.ea V[ ds,ag h{ m a[i[ vHg VhgG h{ m$$
RplV[ wHg rji q>e sphijHg m us Rphg urjW dqvsj dihj
aJ difPs.qV W'dvbj ##ljc[ iju dr,y idh w[ lj} hg urjW ds>s[
h' m u[ blgG t'h vHgH[ m$$
dHh lpS w[ l.a ug qhjiju V[ eCrHg } hpwq wgaj eCrj
a[ wdAhij fiVj dvbjY m$$
dHh yg;J ypw w[ l.a bai dl>z ug qhjiju qlaPbjS[ a'G
y,v w[ sqsqj ljdhW Wp.e[ rjvg ue%j yv[ eH[ u' dHV%J V[ hg
bWjs wgag h{ m apiV lq[G WyV wi[ ##aP. lj} qlaPbjS[ a'G a'dibj
h{ m blgG l[rj wiVg h{ h'i oJ wi vrJe[ m fi aP. f>ujW dr,y
rg VhgG ih[ej m$$
Fea qpt{ a[ W'vs[ l[ ryV h'r.s[ m

\f+a,t } f+qjS sg v'C VhgG lF V[ dHdahjl fdC%bj lpdSbj

ba[ dwl[ V[ s[dtbj rg h'r[ej m|
\dHh f+l.e r,cj N.cj dl>z l[qJ V[ dvdtbj lg m|
59

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ligiw i'e@ qjVdlw i'e s'V'G hg ligi } v,wC } v,e[ zpS
s[ lqjV hV m ligiw i'e s[ qjdhiJ sgbJ srjHgbJ h'Sg b,e[
e'c[ B[w ds>sgbJ hV m fi dHl h'Sg } bSh'Sg dr,y WsvS
rjv[ r{s siejhg hpwqJ } WsvS sg lqi,oj i,ts[ hV m
bdZbjaqw Lwag s[ f{e>Wi idhqaJ sg t{i sj sjqV dw+fj
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q>u[ Vjv vCw[ } W.V dvbj m q>uj e,c[ dr,y i,t dvbj uiPia
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60

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s,l w[ idhqa sg Fgt q>eS v,e[ m
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Z.Vj Fea ba[ vCw[ s[ fdirji s[ W.s[ lV m WjWj ug V[ vCw[
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e,v dr,y Vj W'v@ aP. wg v{Sj dHl a'G m$$
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wgaj ##vCw[ } t'v dvbjY m$$
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61

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V[ hpwq wgaj ##dHl} uv AwjY m$$
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wg h'dHbj lg ($$
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wi' m f>u l,a dsV aphj} dHo[ idhSj fr[ej m ##f>u wp dsV fdirji
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62

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ug bV.s dl>z wv[iJ rjdvbJ m
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63

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64

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65

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z>B[ Ljq } fjn lpVS vHg bdZbjaqw Lwag spbjij fhp.ys[ m
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66

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67

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68

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##hJ ditg ug liBgdxw[B dvtjRpSj h{ m$$ FpD, y' rjdvbJ WyV wgaj m
##ug qhjiju) dHAj aJ dHhg h{$$ RpKai lg m
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hpwq lg m
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eH[ m dxi Fp,y' rjdvbJ qp,t a'G wpN RpyjiS wgaj ba[ bjfs[ qp,t
69

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##q[i[ njwpi fPi{ atda bc'vp m$$

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s[ wfC[ fdhV[ h,oJ dr,y wvqj xCg wjeu dvt ih[ hV m Fp,y'
rjv[ qpt a'G RpyjiS wi ih[ hV Rph dvt ih[ hV m
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lpdi Vi qpdV uV wRpaw bjH[ w'dB a[agl RpujVJ mm
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\bjlj wWgi ug lxj 482|

dHh lq[G wdhw[ uJ dvtw[ riVS VhgG wgaj uj lwsj

##VjVw woVj wiCj lji$$ rjvj WyV h{ m dVqjSg duhg l[rj
hg fjnw uV ba[ li'ajuV f+rjV wiV m dHl blyiu brloj
sj riVS wiw[ hg FjHg episjl ug V[ lj} lqNjRpS sg w'dLL
wgag h{ m
wdW,a
siLV u'a w' Rpsa' blyiu q{
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wdhW[ w' duhrj V debjV q[ Rpwda h{ m
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ueqe u'da w'dB YB v{ dAfa h{ m
b>e b>e f[t qV qVlj owa FHg
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siLV dZbjV dsW ds+LB f+ejl FHg
wipVj wBjA ds,W s[h firjV h{ m
70

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rjdvbJ WyV wgaj ##w'Hg faj v,ej m$$ ##ug) bjf ug s[ dyhi[
a'G f+wjL dVwv dihj h{ dHl f+wjL dry'G lx[s WlaiJ rjv[ dVwv
w[@ wjeu wvq v{ w[ dvtg uj ih[ hV m$$ wv[iJ rjv[ WjWj ug
sj RpKai lg m
##dHh aphjcj liBgdxw[B WS dihj h{ m u' W{n[ hV dHh a[ag
wi'C s[raj h{ m dHV%J s[ ljhqS[ dVi.wji Vjv aphjcj dqvjf
wijdHbj h{ m dHh aphjc[ ujqV hV m$$ Fpy
, ' rjdvbJ V[ WyV wgaj m
##ljc[ r,v r[t dvbj hpS bjfS[ r,v r[t$$ dxi WyV wgaj m
yiV wqv Fu wqv f+ejl FH[ sil sil lq sil dstjH[ h{ mm
LWs lpida bVhs dvrvgV FH[ RpVqV qeV eeV fpi AjH[ ] mm
f+q
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epiqpdt lpt xv qdhqj bejZ W'Z
bwo woj dWV's wida V bjH[ h{ mm

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borj
qV qdh u'da u'da qdh qVPbj mm
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71

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whp VjVw uRp dfaj fagV[ mm dfaj fPa H[w{ i.de vgV[ mm
F{! q! b>e 1141

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h,wS sg brj; bjHg m api.a hg WjWj ug Fp,y' rjdvbJ V[ h,o
A,c ds,aj u' fdhvj WjWj bV.s dl>z ug sj xdCbj h'dHbj lg m
dsV yC debj m WjWj bV.s dl>z ug y"sJ dsV \14| bjl[ fjl[
dWijus[ ih[ m dxi bjdebj v{ w[ qjN[ r,v } y,v fH[ m liBgxgw[B
LWs WjWj bV>s dl>z ug WyV wiV lq[G ridabJ wis[ lV m
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ldawji ldha f[L h'S vHg qjV f,ai dqv uJsj h{ m dVi.wji
s[ si RpKfi ##Feaj sj W'dvbj firjS h{ siedh fr{ ojdH$
rjvg brloj s[ qjdvw h' uJs[ hV m
VjVw daV wj bjdtbj bjdf lpS[ du vdHbVp f>V{ fjdH mm
dWvjrv rj q!3

wgaj v'CdV l'Hg wijdHdV sdi x[i V w'Hg fjdHsj mm

qjiP l' q!5@ b>e 1076

dHl ai%J WjWj bV.s dl>z ug qhjiju V[ Fp,y' rjv[ WjWj ug

s[ WyV sg fjvSj us a,w ligi l>lji dr,y ih[@ wis[ ih[ m

VjVw f+F bdWVjlg mm

aj wg l[r V dWiog ujlg mm
ugr uJ dViugr sg l[rj wi vHg ujr[ Rpl sj xv uiPi
dqvsj h{ f"s[ sg l[rj wigH[ xv s[r[ej@ flP sg l[rj dr,y sp,Z
dqv[ej@ epiP sg l[rj dr,y dl,Ddtbj dqv[eg m fi u[ qhJfpit sg
l[rj dqv ujH[ aJ uVq qiV s[ wLB a'G dVdria wi s[Gs[ hV m
72

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FjV dl>z W,wigbJ v{ iP.qg rjvg ue%j s[ V[C[ fhp.y debj m Rpl
s[ Vjv dH,w iqsjlgbJ HgLi dl>z lg m FjV dl>z } Whpa dfbjl
v,eg m RplV[ ljog } fp,DdAbj ##dHo[ fjSg h{ V[C[ m dfbjl Whpa
v,eg h{ m$$
HgLi dl>z V[ dwhj ##iP.qg b>si dH,w qhjaqj idh>s[ hV fjSg
RpV%J w'v'G dqv ujr[ej@ u[ s[ s[S fgS rjla[ m ##FjV dl>z s,l[
bVplji W,wigbJ ljog } l.Fjv w[ WjWj ug fjl ydvbj debj m
huPi fdhvJ hg qplwij w[ wdhS v,e[ ##FjV dl>zj fjSg
fgSj h{ ($$
FjV dl>z WCj h{ijV h'dHbj dw dHh q[ij Vjq dw,sj ujSs[
h'H[ m urjW ds,aj ##ug hJ qhjiju m$$
WjWj ug V[ dH,w WiaV dr,y u' f>u wp l[i Vjv Fdibj lg
fjSg fgS vHg FjV dl>z } ds,aj m FjV dl>z ljij fjSg fg
debj m WjWj ug V[ h'i fpdAbj m Rpl V[ h,o u'C w[ lgl dVrj w[
VJh wi ds,ag m
apis[ uJs[ Rpl s[ qV dr,y xpiVj WdSbj ##dHh aJ fPiV
l>a hV u' dWVj fpA[ ujS eH[@ dwRpG Vj dHVJ } sp,Z dfbjHgH[ m
dfA'G brju s[ w[ huPi wdhS v,e[ ##FjV dl>z W,wigbJ dHo[ hg
v{ w[ bj uj sp,Z blgG bjf hg w,T vrJe[ m$$ hpS aJ IwgV h'i
rg f,wj h' debj us qV sg e,v WpNj ds,ag Rpl V[ W,wigbJ
V[C[ v{ bJsgbJ m Rph ba[ HgLi dl>z rjig rjig s' s' WwigbJ
vHg bjRpS WjWj ug sp,Z w,T w[ fg ujS m dHl ai%J wis[ iws[
l,n W,wigbJ sj sp,Z fg eH[ m sp,Z fg w[ h,l w[ WyV wi[ ##dwRpG
WHg HgLi dl>z hpS aJ l>a debj m$$ HgLi dl>z ypf dihj m FjV
dl>z V[ W[Vag wiw[ sp,Z sg l[rj v{ vHg m hi i'u Fp,y' a'G sp,Z
v{ w[ iP>qg l[rj dr,y ujdHbj wi[ m
73

hpS WjWj ug Fp,y' bj eH[ m Rph sp,Z sg l[rj dHo[ wiV v,e
dfbj m dH,w dsV WjWj ug V[ hpwq wgaj ##FjV dl>z dHl dNag
dr,y WwigbJVj yjdibj wi m$$ Rpl V[ ##lda WyV$$ dwhj m
dHl s[ s' fp,ai lV m y.s dl>z ba[ V>s dl>z lqj fj w[
s'V[G hg rjdhepiP } dfbji[ h' eh[ m fp,aiJ s[ W{ije dr,y i'Gs[ h'H[
sg dVejh yvg eHg m dH,w dsV Rplsg vCwg iju w"i bjlij
s[ w[ FjV dl>z } WjWj ug s[ yiVJ dr,y v{ w[ bjHg m Vqlwji
wiw[ W{n debj m WjWj ug V[ WyV wgaj ##FjV dl>z q>e v{ blgG
a[i[ a[ Whpa tpL hJ m$$ FjV dl>z V[ dwhj ##ug bjf ug sj ds,aj
lF wpN h{ m$$
spWjij dxi Rphg WyV wdibj m agug rji wdhS v,e[
##aglij WyV h{ q>e v{ u' q>eSj h{ m$$
bjfS[ qP>h a'G q>eS sg tpv du>seg dr,y z,B hg dqvsg h{ m
##u[ apn[ h' aJ dH,w fp,ai sg sja WtL dsY$$ FjV dl>z V[ q"wj
l>FjvdsbJ dwhj m
W[Vag lpS w[ WjWj ug lqjZg ldo,a h' eH[ m dH,w z>Bj lqjZg
VhgG tp,vg m z>B[ Wjbs V[ai t'hv[ ba[ WyV wgaj ##fp,ai a[i[
wiqJ dr,y VhgG h{ dwo'G s[HgH[ m$$ ##aplgG bjf hg q>eS vHg WyV
wgaj lg m$$
##y>ej x[i fp,ai h'r[ej fi df>c VhgG ih[ej m$$ huPi V[ WyV
wgaj m l,n ljv sg Rpqi dr,y FjV dl>z s[ fp,ai h'dHbj wfPi
dl>z m dul V[ dubjsj du>seg df>c a'G Wjhi hg epujig m
\dHh WyV WjWj wfPi dl>z sg uWjVg h{|

74

lPw[ hi[ wgH[ dtV qjdh mm

f+FP s[ dfbjdibJ qhJfpitJ sg q[hi ds+LBg l,pdwbJ } hi[
wi ds>sg h{ m e>s[ fjSg dr,y idh>s[ wqv s[ xp,v } rg lpe>Zg
WtLsg h{ m
Vi{S dl>z wvji Fp,y' wvJ sj idhS rjvj lg m Rpl s[ ba[
qjHg w"i s[ dHwv'ag vCwg lg m RpV%J V[ bjfSg ujdHsjs bjfSg
vCwg s[ Vjq wi ds,ag m qjHg df>c dr,y WjWj ug sgbJ wijqjaJ
lpSsg idh>sg lg m dH,w dsV Rpl s[ qV dr,y xpiVj WdSbj dw
q{G rg l[rj wij LjdHs q[i[ rg drhC[ tpLgbJ bj ujS m spVgbJ
s[ v'w dHl si a'G N'vgbJ Fig uJs[ hV m q[i[ Rpfi rg dw+fj
h' ujH[ m
bfpV[ lpbjdH dis{ v{ Zjdibj mm

dul V[ rg l[rj dlqiV wgaj h{ bjfSg qV'wjqVj fPig wgag

h{ m ##dHw dav VhgG F>V{ zjv[$$ rjvg lyjHg f+a,t riasg h{ m
l[rj dlqiS rjvj LpZ qV Vjv l[rj ba[ dVaV[q wi[ dxi lF
F>cji[ FifPi wi v{Gsj h{ m spt wLB rg bjr[ aJ epiP a'G W[qpt
Vj h'r[ m qjHg l>a w"i V[ l[rj LpiP wi ds,ag dVaV[q l[rj vHg
a,afi idh.sg m lqJ v>zsj debj m dH,w dsV dHqdahjV sj lqJ
bj debj m fag Vi{S dl>z i'wS v,ej a[ wdhS v,ej@ aP. dHl
Rpqi dr,y wg Fjvsg h{G ( qjHg dlsw rjvg lg m fag rv'G
dNCwS ba[ wp,Bqji wiV s[ WjruPs rg qjHg V[ l[rj VhgG A,cg m
dVIq Vjv i'u sg l[rj ujig i,tg m dH,w dsV l[rj wiw[ ujS
vHg bjdebj q>eg aJ huPi V[ WyV wgaj ##b,u VhgG ujSj W{ng
ih' dHo[ m$$
75

qjHg V[ RpKai ds,aj ##qhjiju aplgG ujSs[ h' dw Rph q{}

w,pBsj qjisj h{ q{G y'ig l[rj wiV bjRpGsg hJ m u[ Rpl } faj
v,e debj aJ wp,B qji wi[ej m wdh>sj h{ ##dHl Rpqi dr,y aP.
ljZj a'G wg v{Sj h{ m$$
WjWj ug V[ hpwq wgaj ##aP. W[dxwi h' w[ l>ea dr,y W{ng
ihp m$$ Rph hpwq q>V w[ W{ng ihg m
Ljq } us Vi{S dl>z h,v A,c w[ zi bjdHbj m zi dr,y
dVejh qjig m qjHg dwa[ V;i Vj bjHg m
ep,l[ Vjv vjv fgvj h' debj m qV dr,y l'yS v,ej Rph c[i[
uJsg h{ m b,u rg Rpo[ hg eHg h'r[eg m ep,l[ sj Fdibj h,o dr,y
l'Bg v{ c[i[ r,v yv dfbj m
c[i[ fhp>y w[ W'vS hg v,ej lg b,e'G WjWj ug V[ wCwsg
bjrju dr,y WyV wga[ ##tWisji Vi{dSbj yp,f wi uj m l,pDw[
u.c a[ wj W'v debj m qjHg sg FjrVj } i.e v,e[ej m$$
Vi{S dl>z ci Vjv ldhq debj m uWjV dry'G wpN Vj W'v
ldwbj m ypf yjf s'V'G ugb bjdebj v{ w[ zi } yv[ eH[ m ##lda
WyV ljZP Rpfs[L$$ bVplji dH,w ljv s[ b>si fp,ai V[ uVq
dvbj m dHl sj Vjq vjF dl>z i,Ddtbj debj m
dHh laiJ dv,tS a,w q"uPs h{ a[ firji rjvj h{ m Vi{S
dl>z sg vCwg W{e[ vdhi[ drbjhg h'Hg lg m Vi{S dl>z V[ fdhvJ
Rpsjl h' w[ Rpl s[ Vjq uqgV vpbj ds,ag lg m Wjs dr,y vjF
dl>z sj uVq h'dHbj m epidsbjv w"i V[ uqgV bjfS[ Fij s[
Vjq wirjRpSg yjhg aJ fag Viju h' debj m Rpl V[ uqgV
bjfS[ Fij s[ Vjq wij ds,ag fi ljig Wjwg idh.sg Rpqi Fij
s[ zi hg epujig m
76

epdi fPi[ l.uqp wdi sgbj mm

VjVw aRp dxdi sPt V ogbj mm
l.a't@ l.uq@ dsbjvaj@ ldhVLgvaj lF rjdhepiP sg bfji
d*fj Vjv dqvsg h{@ fPi[ qpidLs sg q[hi Vsdi qV l.wvf }
ds+Caj vHg Wv WtLsg h{ m RpKsq ba[ RpaLjh epiP s[ fPidVbJ
a[ x,pv yCjRpS vHg Lwag fisjV wis[ hV m ds+C dHijs[ fiWaJ
sgbJ y'BgbJ li wi v{Gs[ hV m lxvaj RpV%J s[ f{iJ sgbJ
avgbJ yp.qsg h{ m V[w dHijs[ rjv[ f+jSg b,e[ hi bwjL } A'hS
rjvg q>duv Npw w[ lxvaj WS qV s[ sirju[ bj slaw ds>sg
h{ m dHh lxvaj sg zCg fjHg WgWg ljdhW w"i sjsP rjvg V[ m
WgWg ljdhW w"i WjWj ug s[ siLVJ vHg Fp,y' s[ blojV a[
bjHg m Vqlwji wiw[ l>eaJ dr,y W{n eHg m WjWj ug V[ WgWg
s[ edhS[ fjH[ s[t WyV wgaj ##WgWg aP. edhS[ VhgG Rpaji[ m$$
##fjaLjh) q[ig sjsg VhgG RpajiV s[Gsg m RpKai ds,aj m WjWj
ug V[ WyV wgaj ##w'Hg drRpGa WSj dsbJe[ m dxi a{} w'Hg
edhS[ fjRpS vHg VhgG wh[ej m$$
WjWj ug s[ dwl[ l[rwJ V[ e.ej dHLVjV wiV ujSj lg m
RpVj WjWj ug fjl'G bjdebj q>eg m WgWg V[C[ hg W{ng lg m WjWj
ug V[ WyV wgaj ##ljcg w.dVbj rg Vjv v{ ujY m$$
RpV%J ##lda WyV$$ dwhj m
WgWg } ajwgs wgag dw zi tWi wi bjY ba[ edhS[
rg vjh bjY m WgWg zi eHg ba[ edhS[ vjh w[ rjdfl bj eHg m
l>egbJ Vjv dHLVjV wiV e.ej yvg eHg m l>ea Vjv rjdfl
77

bj w[ WjWj ug s[ siLV wiw[ zi yvg eHg m sjsg ug V[ dxi

edhS[ fjRpS vHg dwhj m
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l>wvf wgaj h{@ q{G dHh l>wvf wgaj dw edhS[ VhgG fjRpS[ m
dHl vHg q{G dHh VhgG fdhVS[ m$$
sjsg ug lpS w[ yp,f wi eHg m l' dHl ai%J upeag Vjv WgWg
ug V[ edhS[ dabje ds,a[ m
##u'i V upeag ApB{ l>lji@$$ rjvg f>eag l,y wi dstjHg m

hdi uVp firjip lZjip h{

dHwgh wpvg lFp ueap Acjr{ mm
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ujqaJ a'G RpKfi fiq fsrg Feag sg h{ m ##q[ig WJZg Feda
Apcjr[@ WJZg Fea Vj ApB{ qph{ m$$ f+q[Li FeaJ sg liW dH,Aj
fPiw h{ m dxi Fea bjfS[ l[rw sgbJ dHwg wpvJ aw RpZjiS
sg lqi,oj rg i,tsj h{ m dHh f+jfag l,yg LiZjrjV hg wi
lwsj h{ m
WjWj ug s[ dHl df>c Fp,y' wvJ V[C[@ iqa[ ljZP u' woj rjyw
rg lV woj wis[ lV m RpV%J s[ w.Vg WjWj ug sg li'a fHg m
l.ea } Vjv v{ w[ WjWj ug sg siLVJ vHg Fp,y' bj eH[ m siLV
wiV Rpfi>a RpKai f+LV rg h'H[ m dHV%J WyVJ dry'G RplV[ FJf
dvbj dw WjWj ug fPiV qhJfpit hV m qhjaqj V[ wpN fiqjio
rlaP sg q>e wgag m spVgbjsji sg spdVbjrg q>e fPig V h'r[
fi qhJfpit a'G f+qjio sg q>e uiPi fPig hp.sg h{ m bjadqw rlaP
78

sg ljZVj wiV rjv[ } ws[ tjvg VhgG q'Cs[ lV m bjf WyV

wis[ hp.s[ lV ##bdZbjaqw q>e q>eS rjv[ } blgG tjvg VhgG
q'C lws[ m dwRpGdw siejh dr,y fp,A h' uJsg h{ dHh f+jSg dwl[
lq[G bjf fjl debj lg aplgG dHl } dVijL wiw[ q'C ds,aj m$$
qhJfpit l.lji dr,y bjRpGs[ hg
ugb sjVp s[ Feag vjdHdV hdi dlRp v{dV dqvjH[ mm

rjla[ hV m
dHl a'G Rpfi>a qhjaqj wHg VeiJ dry'G h.ps[ h'H[ WjWj ug
s[ uVq blojV qVlPi rjv \dTvrJ s[ dHvjw[| yv[ eH[ m V[C[
hg dH,w df>c Wp,Tj o[h h{ Rpo[ woj wiV v,e eH[ m woj wiV lq[G
RpV%J V[ WjWj ug sg LiZj Vjv dlxa wgag m i'u dlxa lpS w[
l.eaJ V[ fp,DdAbj ##Rph dwhC[ qhJfpit hV@ dwo[ idh.s[ hV m RpV%J
sj uVq blojV dwhCj h{ m$$
qhjaqj V[ duV%J wp lpdSbj lg s,l ds,aj m h"vg h"vg e,v
WjWj ug s[ Vei qVlPirjv fhp.y eHg m WjWj ug s[ r,c[ Fij
l! xPvj dl>z ba[ FiujHg qhJ w"i s[ w>Vg li'a fHg m qjHg qhJ
w"i wpN dsVJ Wjbs fp,A fCajv wiw[ FpKy' fhp.y eHg m WjWj
ug V[ l,pt lJs fpAS a'G Wjbs df>c s[ bjfS[ WyfV s[ ljogbJ
s[ Wji[ fp,DdAbj m RpV%J dry'G wHg qi yp,w[ lV m duhC[ bu[ spVgbJ
dr,y lV RpV%J s[ Vjq qjHg V[ s,l ds,a[ m
ija } qjHg } irjdHa bVplji dwl[ s[ zi qjHgbJ w'v
l"S vHg F[u ds,aj m lr[i h'S a[ dxi qjHg c[i[ bj eHg m s' dsV
idhS a'G Wjbs qjHg } a'iV lq[G ajwgs wgag dw ##us'G sPug
rji bjH[ aJ q[i[ FjHg xPvj dl>z@ wjvj dl>z@ L[i dl>z V.Wisji@
qghJ dl>z V.Wisji@ qHgbJ dl>z siug a[ y"wgsji q>psj upvjh[
} Vjv v{ w[ bjHg m$$ qjHg rjdfl yvg eHg m
79

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##q[ig q,N lPS rjvg h{ m$$
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w'Hg yp,w Vj v{ ujr[ m$$
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##FC'vj$$ dfbj hp.sj h{ m$$ bjf i,tSj yjhp.s[ lV m x[i qpC w[
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aglig rji qhJ w"i s[ Vjv FjV dl>z@ Whjsi dl>z ba[
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ljcg qjaj sj Vjq h{ m$$
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##lda WyV ljZP Rpfs[L$$ rjvg WjSg Vj lqN lw[ m dxi vCwg
ljig Rpqi sptg hg ihg m w'Hg Vj w'Hg sp,t v,Ddebj hg dihj m

80

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wi[ aJ f+qjio s[ lptJ a'G rJNj ih[ej m v'w s[ fsjio fj w[ f+FP
sj ul wiV a'G epi[u wi[ aJ fiv'w sgbJ dVbjqaj dwr[G
dqvSegbJ m
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v{ w[ dB,vj ljdhW a[ yvj debj m siLV wiw[ Vqlwji wgag
ba[ W{n debj m huPi V[ qdibjsj bVplji Vjq@ e'a@ df>c
fp,DdAbj m
Rpl V[ dwhj ##qhjiju ) hqjij uVq WJei wj h{ m hq iqa[
idha[ h{G m$$
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ws[ ws[ WjWj ug V[ Rpfi Wpvj v{Sj m WyV Wvjl wiV[ ba[
dxi o,v[ F[u s[Sj m dH,w dsV ljZPP V[ bjdebj q>eg fi huPi a'G
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aglig rji dxi W[Vag wgag ##dw bW a'G hq huPi iq{Ge[ hpS
ip,w Vhg lwa[ m$$
bCgbv lpFj s[t w[ WjWj ug V[ fpdAbj ##dwl aix
ujYe[ m$$
81

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ug sg iqu } Rph VJ lqN ldwbj m Ljq } hispbji rjvg e,cg
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ljZP qdibj dfbj h{ mWjWj ug w'v rg tWi fhp.y eHg m WjWj ug
s[ dH,w l[rw Fp,y' q>cg y"Zig V[ s,Ddlbj dw dHh Rph ljZP WJei
sj h{ u' WjWj ug w'v W[ig h[n idh>sj lg m
l[rw V[ rjdfl bj w[ WjWj ug } tWi lpSjHg m lpS w[ huPi
V[ WyV wgaj ##LpZ h{ m$$ W{ng l>ea V[ W[Vag wi ds,ag ##qhjiju)
dHh wg w"aw h{ m dHo' ujS lq[G aJ Rph a.sipla lg m$$
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bjfS[ fjl bjdHbj lg m ljcg dH,Aj lg dHl sj b>a dHo[ h'r[ m
dHl } qpwa wi s[HgH[ m fi Rpl V[ WyV Vj q>dVbj m du,s wiw[
rji rji bjdebj q>eg ba[ yvj debj m hpS y"ijlg v,t uPVg
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Vj uJsj aJ hpS[ hg dqv ujSg lg m
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\dHh WyV u'de>si dl>z dT,v'G V[ dvtjdHbj h{ m|

ldaepiP lsj sdHbjvp h{

FjHg drSp Fjej dwbj fjHgb{ mm
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h{ m fi x[i rg u[ dwl[ qhJfpit sgbJ q[hiWjVgbJ h' ujS aJ
82

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} dqv w[ bj m fi fdhvJ Rpo[ WjWj ug s[ blojV a[ q,oj B[wSj
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dHv{ygbJ sj f+Ljs dvbj m s' wp qgv f{sv hg lxi wgaj a[
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dB,v[ Rpfi yC debj m q,oj B[dwbj aJ WjWj ug V[ qdibjsj
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l[rwJ } hpwq ds,aj m ##dHv{ygbJ sg deSag wi' m$$
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dHh lpS w[ Wta"i dl>z ci debj dw l>a aJ W[firjh hp.s[
hV u[ iju[ } faj v,e debj aJ V"wig ujH[eg ba[ luj rg
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l[rjsji } hpwq wgaj ##Fp,y' q>cg uj w[ spwjV b>si v>z
ujrgG m$$ lisv s[ b>siv[ fjl[ dHv{yg dc,eg fHg h{ yp,w
83

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dGHv{yg yp,w dvbjdHbj m
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dsV bjfSg V"wig a[ fhp.y debj m lqJ Wgasj debj Wta"i dl>z
a'L[tjV[ s[ Rpy bdZwjig a'G qp,t bdZwjig WS debj m dul lq[G
b>ei[u liwji V[ difps>qV dl>z } uvjraV wgaj aJ b>ei[uJ
V[ Wta"i dl>z } iju sg up.pq[rjig ds,ag m Wjbs dr,y difps>qV
dl>z V[ rg bjfSg dVug ujdHsjs sj bjq-qptdabji WSj
ds,aj m Rpl lq[G Wta"i dl>z } WjWj ug s[ WyV Ijs bjH[ dw
u[ dH,w dHv{yg dvbj ds>sj aJ b,u Rph WyV bB,v h' uJsj m
fi q{G WyV sg l.Fjv VhgG wi ldwbj m rwa bVplji wga[ WyV
sg l.Fjv Vjv qV da+fa hp.sj h{ m
\dHh f+l.e u'de>si dl>z dT,v' V[ dvtjdHbj h{ m|

W'dv Vj ujS{ qjdHbj

qds qjaj qiSj ygda V bjr{ mm
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h' uJsj h{ m ##ZV FPdq wj u' wi[ epqjdV m l' qPit b>Zj bdebjV$$
rjvg e,v h' uJsg h{ m ZVg@ qVp,t drivj hg zq>c sj dLwji
h'S a'G Wysj h{ m
f>ca wiaj ijq ws[ WjWj ug s[ siLV wi ujdHbj wisj
lg m hjC s[ qhgV[ dH,w dsV siLV wiV bjdHbj VqLwji wiw[
84

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w[ fpdAbj ##s[raj b,u a[ij W'vS sj lqJ VhgG$$ m
Rph lqN Vj ldwbj m qV s[ xpiV[ Wp,v%J a[ bj eH[ m WjWj
ug V[ dxi i'dwbj mbtgi da>V rji dHhg WyV h'dHbj m Rpl dxi
rg W'vS sg w'dLL wgag aJ WjWj ug V[ h,l w[ dwhj ##v{ s[raj
a[ig qiug@ s,l wg wdhSj yjhp.sj h{ m$$
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fjl[ i,t A,cs[ lV m f>ca sg dVejh RpV%J RKpfi lg m f>ca V[
dwhj ##huPi dHh q{} s[ dsRp m
##aP. dHh wg wiV[ hV ($$ huPi V[ WyV wgaj m
##blgG dHhVJ sj i{aj fj w[ A,w vrJe[ m$$ f>ca V[ urjW
ds,aj m
WjWj ug WyV wgaj ##f>caj b,u lqJ wp,N h'i h{ m blgG a{}
wpN s[Sj lg m rwa z,B h{ q"a dli a[ tCg h{@ a{} lqN VhgG
bj ihg m
dqia hl{ dlip Rpfi[ mm

a[ij qV tjfdibJ a[ vvyj debj h{ m bjfSj t'fij l>Fjv

dHh idh ujr[ aJ ngw h{ m
f>ca dVijL duhj h' w[ Rpn w[ yvj debj m WyV Vj lqN
ldwbj m sPli[ dsV dwl[ df>c a'G bjw[ WjWj ug } s,Ddlbj
##qhjiju@ wiaj ijq qi debj h{ m$$
lpS w[ WyV wgaj ##Lp,Z h{ m$$

85

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f+q[Li s[ Ziwji[ qVp,t a'G qhJfpit sjV v{S a'G rg l>w'y
wis[ hV Rpl sg qjdHbj wPC sg wqjHg hp.sg h{ Rpl s[ dry'G
qvw Fje' s[ fPdCbJ rjvg ia dVwvsg h{ m l,y sg wqjHg l,y[
s[ siWji dr,y wWPv hp.sg h{ m wPC sj fljij WjvP i[a s[ q{sjV h{ m
qpw,sq q,v Fp,y' sj dH,w bqgi l[n lg m ZV s"va L'hia
vHg Fp,tj lg m dH,w dsV lta Wgqji h' debj@ dHvju wirjRpS
s[ WjruPs w'Hg bjijq Vj bjdHbj m dVijL h' w[ ljij fdirji
zi W{nj debj m zi dr,y lvjh wgag dHl } WjWj ug w'v
v{ y,vgH[ m dH,w s'hSj \FJcj zC[ sg ai%J| sp,Z sj Fi w[ ljij
fdirji l[n } v{ w[ WjWj ug w'v uj dihj lg m WjWj ug w'v
Z.Vj Fea dl>z W{nj lg m WjWj ug V[ WyV wgaj ##Z.dVbj uj
w[ s[t dHh dHw,n dHZi } dwl sj bj dihj h{ m$$
Z>Vj dl>z V[ Rpn w[ s[dtbj aJ wdhS v,ej ##huPi dHh
qpw,sq q,v l[n sj fdirji bj dihj h{ m$$
l[n s[ fdirji V[ bjdebj q>eg aJ huPi V[ l[rw } ajwgs
wgag ##dlix s' bjsqg hg Rpfi bjRpS m$$ hpwq bVplji qpw,sq
q,v s[ s' vCw[ apvlg ijq ba[ vjv ijq Rpfi bj eH[ m VqLwji
wiw[ W{n eH[ m huPi V[ fpdAbj ##dwr[G bjH[ h' ($$
l[n wdhS v,ej ##sp,Z AwjRpS bjH[ hJ m$$
huPi h,l[ a[ dxi WyV wgaj ##b,e[ aJ ws[ sp,Z AwjRpS bjH[
VhgG m l[n Wgqji h{@ Rpl Rpa'G sp,Z rji w[ AwjRpS bjH[ h' m aphjcg
dH,Aj h{ l>a sp,Z A,w w[ yv rlS ljcj l[n ijug h' ujH[ m lj}
a'iV bjH[ h' m$$
86

Z>Vj Fea V[C[ hg W{nj lg m Rph W'dvbj ##sp,Z fgS Vjv wg

h' ujH[ej (
huPi V[ WyV wgaj ##a.P fgw[ s[t v{ aqjLj m duhCj sp,Z
fgH[ej qi ujH[ej m l[n Wy ujH[ej ($$
dxi Rpl s[ fp,aij } dwhj u[ aplgG dHl } i,tSj h{ aJ
sp,Z bjf fg vr' VhgG aJ aplgG rg ujY ba[ sp,Z rg v{ ujY m
dHl V[ w,v } yv[ ujSj h{ m
ljij fdirji rjdfl zi yvj debj m bev[ dsV l[n yC%jHg
wi debj m

fi wj Wpij V ijthp yga mm

apq wRp sptp VhgG FjHg qga mm
sPli[ sg WpijHg wiVg uJ l'ySg fjfJ sg f>c dli ypwS
sg e,v h{ m dwl[ f+jSg sj qV s,ptg wiVj f+qjaqj } sp,t
fhp.yjRpSj h{ m sptg h'H[ f+jSg sg dH,w hjb siejh sgbJ sgrjiJ
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Z,wj uC%J dhvj ds>sj h{ m
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sg l[rj wdibj wisj lg m RphVJ s[ zi'G qjHg hdiVjq w"i sj
xpxC l'hS dl>Z rjdCbJ rjvg sj rlVgw lg m qjHg } dqvS
bjdHbj lg m qjHg i'u dVIq bVplji siLV wiV ujS v,eg
aJ Rpl V[ fpdAbj ##dwo[ uj ih[ h' ($$
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87

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huPi V[ epD, l[ dr,y bj w[ dwhj@ ##ypw
, v{ bjfSj ipfHgbJ m aP.
v'wJ sg q"a Rpcgwsj h{G dw uqgV sj qjvw WS ujrJ m a{} faj
h{ dw qjvw sj wg hpwq h{ m a[ij wpN
, VhgG idhSj m$$ riaS rjvg
Fjrg sj fdhvj hg dHLjij h' debj fi Rph lqN VhgG ldwbj m

Flqj FPa h'bj dtV Fgadi bfVj wgbj fjdHbj mm

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dw huPi b,e VhgG s[ts[ lV m l[rw F[u w[ WjWj ug V[ Rpl
} ajwgs wgag dw ##v{Gf WpNj s[ m blgG b,e q,o[ VhgG vjRpSg m$$
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wg wjiV h{ ($$
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88

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vjrJe[ m ba[ VJ dHlsg f,wg ygu tjrJe[ m$$ Wupie sls[ hV
dw dHh WyV iP.qg idhS lq[G wga[ lV m dHh WyV FjHg ci"vg
a'G dqdvbj h{ m
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dw vjvB{V W>s wi dsY m
fi RpVJ% V[ w'Hg firjh VJ wgag m RpvBj dwhj ##aphj} wg
hps
. j h{ m$$ wpN lq[G Wjbs s'VJ sg dlha Whpa tijW h' eHg m dH,oG'
yv[ eH[ m qjlBi bWspv exPi sg hjva dH>Vg% tijW h' eHg dw
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hg Rpl } dHo[ ljc[ w'v v{ w[ bjdHbj lg m$$
b>a Rph sptg h' w[ qdibj m qiV a'G fdhvJ Rpl s[ zi
rjvg V[ bj w[ W[Vag wgag qhjiju ) dHh A'B[ A'B[ W,DdybJ
sj wg wlPi h{ m dHl } qjx wi dsY m
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i,W sg h{ m du>Vg bjqsV dHh qhgV[ dr,y wisj h{ m hpS Rpl a'G
r,Z h'r[eg m$$
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\dHh f+l.e u'de>si dl>z dT,v'G fjl'G dqdvbj|

89

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FPt[ wRp s[ra bjZji mm
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dHl } WjWj ug s[ yiVJ dr,y v{ w[ y,vgH[ m
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ug sg huPig dr,y fhp.y eH[ m W[Vag wgag ##qhjiju ) W,yj Wgqji
h{ m dw+fj wi' m$$
W[Vag lpVS Rpfi>a WyV wgaj ##dHl } Whjv sjl s[
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100

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104

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