I MPERIALISM 1850 –1914

INSIDE THIS ISSUE:

C AU S E S OF IMPERIALISM
Causes of Imperi- 1

alism
There are five major reason
How did they do it 1
on why imperialism started.

Imperialism brings 2 First Cause is Economic

change
• Need for raw materi-
Africa 2 als.
• Need for new mar-
Africa 3 kets
• Place for growing
population
India 3
• Place to invest
China 4-5 money

Japan 6
Second and Third reason
Effects of 7 was Political and Military
Imperialism
• Bases for trade and
navy ships
Special points of inter- • Power and security
est: of global empire
• Spirit of nationalism
• What were the causes?
Forth cause was society push
of religion
• Spread Christianity
Fifth cause was Science and
• Wish to share west-
ern civilization
Inventions
These reasons are why Euro-
pean Powers including the
United States and Japan
were ably to take over Africa,
China, India, Latin America
• New Medicines
• Improve ships for
travel and colonization
• New Weapons

• The breaking up of Africa • Social Darwinism

• The Berlin Conference

• Taken over India

H OW DID THEY DO IT?
• Sepoy Rebellion

• Imperialism in China
• The effects of Imperial-
ism
The use of Technology
• Europeans had steam
engines, railroads and
telegraphs to help
them out
Advance Weapons
• Europeans had ma-
chine guns which malaria infested areas
gave them any advan- No unity
tage
• Lack of unity among
Medicine the people that they
• Quinine—a drug used were fighting
to fight malaria help
them in taken over
Page 2
IMPERIALISM
The age of imperialism
changed the west and
it’s colonies. The indus-
trial nations of Britain,
France, Germany and
the United States con-
trolled a new global
economy. They sent
goods, investment
money and knowledge
to the rest of the world.
In return Africa, Asia
and Latin America sup-
plied natural resources,
farm crops and cheap
labor (see graph)
THE CONQUEST
Dr. Livingston, I Europeans knew little about
Africa in 1800. However by
presume 1800 with the end of the
slave trade Christian mission-
aries came to Africa to con-
Quote from Henry vert the people to Christian-
ity. Europeans had traded
Stanley with Africa but only along the
coast. By 1800 they went
inland. One of the first was
the king of Belgium. Soon
other European nations
GRAPH AND ASSIGNMENT
Look at the graph to the
right . It represents the land
that was taken over by the
Europeans.
Next look through the packet
provided by the organization
called HOT called Transfor-
mation in World History: New
Imperialism. Answer the
questions that are in the
packet. They should cover
Standards 10.4.1—10.4.4
V o l u m e 1 , I ss u e 1
B R I N G S G R E AT C H A N G E
OF AFRICA
moved into the heart of Af- nent except for Ethiopia (a
rica. In 1884, the European Christian country) and Liberia
nations plus the United a recently independent coun-
States and Turkey meet in try founded by ex– slaves
Berlin, Germany ( Berlin Con- from the United States.
ference). Their they set up
rules for colonizing Africa. No
In many regions, Africans
Africans were asked to come
battled the invaders, most, if
to the meeting.
not all there efforts failed
because of the superior
By 1914 ( 30 years later) forces of the Europeans.
They ruled 90% of the conti-
120
98
100 90
80
Free Africa
60
Europen Possesions
40
20 10
2
0
In 1850 In 1914
Imperialism 1850 –1914 Page 3

THE T A K E N OV E R O F INDIA

In the early 1700’s the India did gain some by

Mughal Empire was on
decline. By the year 1750,
a company called the Brit-
ish East India Company
had become the most
powerful power in India.
Starting out as a small
trading company in the
1500, it slowly became
the dominate force in In-
dia. Through British law it
forced India to supply Brit-
ain with raw materials
such a tea, coffee, cotton
and opium. Opium was
sold to China . (See Opium
war on page 5). However
British rule. It had one
of the best railroad sys-
tem in the world and it’s
economy was greatly
improved and modern- India is the crown jewel
ized. However, India
industry all but dried up
of the British Empire
because of British laws and must be handled
and farmers started to
plant cash crops in- Sepoy Rebellion in 1856-7 with a firm yet tender
stead of food crops http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/.../
which lead to India not sepoy.jpg grip.
being ably to feed itself.
Eventual Indians started lasted a year and lead to
to feel resentment and the British crown taken
some Indian’s in 1856-7 over India from the British
revolted. This revolt known East India Company.
as the Sepoy Rebellion

THE SEPOY REBELLION 1856-1857

Several moves lead to the
rebellion. The British East
India Company made several
laws that were offence to
both Hindi and Muslims. They
thought that these new laws
undermine their own faiths.
However, the final confronta-
tion came over rifle car-
tridges.
Soldiers in the army had to
bite off the end of the car-
tridges, yet the end was
greased with animal fat. The
animal fat was made from
cows or pigs. Cows are sa-
cred to Hindus and pigs are
forbidden to eat for Muslims.
With this act angry Sepoys
rose up against the British .
The rebellion lasted almost a
year with both sides inflicting
terrible revenges and massa-
cres. The rebellion however
did lead to reform and the
British government taken
over India directly. However
both sides felt a sense of
bitter mistrust, fear and ha-
tred that still is felt today.

MAP AND ASSIGNMENT

Look at the map to the right .

It represents the land that
was taken over by the Euro-
peans.

Next look through the packet

provided by the organization
called HOT called Transfor-
mation in World History: New
Imperialism. Answer the
questions that are in the
packet. They should cover
Standards 10.4.1—10.4.4
Page 4
Famous French political car-
toon from the late 1890s. A
pie represents "Chine"
(French for China) and is be-
ing divided between carica-
tures of Queen Victoria of
Great Britain, William II of
Germany , Nicholas II of Rus-
sia, who is eyeing a particular
piece, the French Marianne,
and the Meiji Emperor of Ja-
pan, carefully contemplating
which pieces to take. A
stereotypical Chinese official
throws his up his hands to try
and stop them, but is power-
less.
CHINA DURING
IMPERIALISM
Imperialist ambitions and
rivalries in East Asia inevita-
bly came to focus on the vast
empire of China, with more
than a quarter of the world's
population. China survived as
a more-or-less independent
state due to the resilience of
her social and administrative
structures, but can also be
seen as a reflection of the
limitations to which imperial-
ist governments were willing
to press their ambitions in
the face of similar competing
claims.
On the one hand, it is sug-
gested that rather than being
a backward country unable to
THE TAIPING WAR
The Taiping Rebellion (1851–
1864) was perhaps the
bloodiest civil war in human
history, a clash between the
forces of the Qing Empire in
China and those inspired by a
Hakka self-proclaimed mystic
named Hong Xiuquan, a
Christian convert who had
claimed that he was the new
Messiah and younger brother
CHINESE MAP
DURING
IMPERIALISM
** Note: Most of
the Spheres of In-
fluence are along
the rivers and the
coast.
THE TIME OF
secure the prerequisite sta-
bility and security for west-
ern-style commerce, China's
institutions and level of eco-
nomic development rendered
her capable of providing a
secure market in the ab-
sence of direct rule by the
developed powers, despite
her past unwillingness to
admit western commerce
(which had often taken the
form of drug-pushing i.e.
opium).
This may explain the West's
contentment with informal
"spheres of influence". West-
ern powers did intervene
militarily to quell domestic
of Jesus Christ. He and his
followers established the
Kingdom of Heavenly Peace
and attained control of sig-
nificant parts of southern
China. Most accurate sources
put the total deaths at about
20 million civilians and army
personnel although some
claim the death toll was
much higher (as many as 50
V o l u m e 1 , I ss u e 1
chaos, such as the epic Taip-
ing Rebellion of 1850-1864.
China's size and cohesion
compared to pre-colonial
societies of Africa also made
formal subjugation too diffi-
cult for any but the broadest
coalition of colonialist pow-
ers, whose own rivalries
would preclude such an out-
come. When such a coalition
did materialize in 1900, its
objective was limited to sup-
pression of the anti-
imperialist Boxer Rebellion
because of the irreconcilabil-
ity of Anglo-American and
Russo-German aims.
million according to at least
one source.). There are re-
ports that "Some historians
have estimated that the com-
bination of natural disasters
combined with the political
insurrections may have cost
on the order of 200 million
Chinese lives between
1850–1865.
Imperialism 1850 –1914
OPIUM WAR
Opium Wars, 1839–42
and 1856–60, two wars
between China and West-
ern countries. The first
was between Great Britain
and China. Early in the
19th cent., British mer-
chants began smuggling
opium into China in order
to balance their purchases
of tea for export to Britain.
In 1839, China enforced
its prohibitions on the im-
portation of opium by de-
stroying at Guangzhou
(Canton) a large quantity
of opium confiscated from
British merchants. Great
Britain, which had been
B OX E R R E B E L L I O N
The Boxer Uprising; liter-
ally "The Righteous and
Harmonious Fists") or
Boxer Rebellion was a
Chinese rebellion against
foreign influence in areas
such as trade, politics,
religion and technology
that occurred in China
during the final years of
QUESTIONS
Review Questions
1. What are the
causes of Imperi-
alism?
2. At what confer-
ence did the Euro-
pean Powers
break up Africa?
3. What was the Se-
poy Rebellion
about?
looking to end China's
restrictions on foreign
trade, responded by send-
ing gunboats to attack
several Chinese coastal
cities. China, unable to
withstand modern arms,
was defeated and forced
to sign the Treaty of Nan-
jing (1842).
This treaty gave the British
the port of Hong Kong.
Within a few years other
Western powers signed
similar treaties with China
and received commercial
and residential privileges,
and the Western domina-
tion of China's treaty ports
the Qing Dynasty from
November 1899 to Sep-
tember 7, 1901[1].
By August 1900, over 230
foreigners, tens of thou-
sands of Chinese Chris-
tians, an unknown number
of rebels, their sympathiz-
4. Why was foreign
governments un-
able to take over
China?
5. What was the drug
that was so de-
structive to the
Chinese?
6. The Taiping Rebel-
lion caused what
to happen in
Page 5
began.
By 1829 the opium
After the second war, import amounted to
China agreed to open 11 $10,591,760 gold,
more ports, permit foreign forming 49 per cent
legations in Beijing, sanc-
tion Christian missionary of all British imports
activity, and legalize the to China. In 1834, it
import of opium
was $11,381,930
gold, forming 51.4
per cent of the Brit-
Source:
A. Waley, The Opium War through ish imports.
Chinese Eyes (1958, repr. 1968);
H.-P. Chang, Commissioner Lin Hu Shih
and the Opium War (1964); P. W.
Fay, The Opium War, 1840–
1842 (1975). http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/
quotes/h/hushih305244.html
ers and other innocent
bystanders were killed in
the ensuing chaos. The
brutal uprising crumbled
on August 4, 1900 when
20,000 foreign troops
entered the Chinese capi-
tal, Peking (Beijing).
A Boxer Rebellion
China?
7. In China the sphere
of influence was
near what areas of
China?
8. After the opium
War, What did the
foreign government
receive from
China? All information was found at
Questions continue on page 7 www.wikpedia.com unless noted
Imperialism 1850 –1914
M O D E R N I Z A T I O N O F J A PA N
C O M M A N D E R P E R RY O P E N S
Commodore Matthew C.
Perry, commander of the
United States naval
forces in the China seas,
was a staunch expansion-
ist. Back in 1852 he
warned President Fill-
more that the British,
who had already taken
control of Hong Kong
and Singapore, would
soon control all trade in
the area. Perry recom-
mended that the United
States take "active meas-
ures to secure a number
MEIJI REFORM
The people of Japan were
angry at the Shogun for
allowing this crave insult to
happen and turned instead
to the young emperor Ma-
tsuhito.
The young emperor was a
sense of pride and national-
J A PA N A T T A C K S C H I N A A N D T H E R U S S O –
J A PA N E S E W A R
Japan had become a politi-
cal, military and economic
power in the region under
this industrialization process.
This lead to Japan need more
natural resources and it gave
them a sense of imperialism
just like in Europe)
Japan attacked Korea in
1876, which China could not
allow. Japan and China even-
tually signed a hands-off
of ports of ref-
uge" in Japan.
President Fill-
more agreed
with Perry. In
1853 he ordered
the Commodore
to open negotia-
tions with the
Emperor of Japan.
The negotiations and the
threat of the naval forces
lead to the Treaty of
Kanagawa in 1854.
The treaty allowed for
AND MODERNIZATION
ism to Japan. However, he
realized that in order to
counter the west Japan had
to modernize itself.
He sent government official
all over the world to learn
about western ideas and
modernization techniques.
agreement. However, by
1894, China sent troops into
Korea in violation of the
agreement. This lead to the
Sino-Japanese war, which
Japan easily won. This war
gave Japan two colonies.
Also, in 1904 Japan and Rus-
sian had a war over territory.
Japan again won, shocking
the world. For the first time
an Asian power won over a
Page 6
UP J A PA N
“ Japan must
modernize to defend
itself from the Western
the us of US ships access Powers”
to Japanese ports, which
in turn lead to a other
Western Powers as well.
Emperor Matsuhito
Source: http://
www.smplanet.com/
imperialism/letter.html
Japan was on its way to
being industrialized.
The Japanese took the best
from all over the world and
made it their own. By the
early 20th century, Japan
was an industrialized na-
tion of the world.
Treaty of Ports-
mouth by Japan
and Russia.
Teddy Roosevelt
was the negotia-
tor for the two
sides.
European power. Japan had
arrived on the world stage.
 What are the effects of Imperialism:
• New Economic Pattern

The effects of 1. Most profits went to the Industrial Powers

2. Money replaced the barter system and heavy taxes were imposed
Imperialism • Dependency
1. Colonies became dependent on Industrial Powers goods
2. Food Crops were replaced with Cash Crops

• Modernization

1. Modernization did occur and in some cases helped the colonies

2. Banking, Technology and Communication as well as light Industry

• Cultural Impact
1. Westernization occurred and Native abandoned the old ways.

• New Political Tension

1. Western Nations fueled tension between natives that were enemies but were forced into a unified area

QUESTIONS AND ASSIGNMENT

9. In 1900 anti-
foreign sentiment in
China lead a uprising
known as the what?
10. What are the ef-
fects of Imperialism?
11. Look at the Politi-
cal Cartoon on page
four. What is the Chi-
nese man yelling
about?
12. Why does Japan
modernize and how
does it use it’s new
power?
13. Why to Japan and
Russia fight?
14. Look at the map
to the right, Which
nations in Africa re-
mained independent?