Professional Documents
Culture Documents
93 95
85
82
75
80
47
40
40
32
28
36
25
62
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Recommendations
20
0
Student % Primary % U. primary % Schools % Schools
classroom schools
schools
with
with girls'
ratio
with
with
drinking
toilet
(SCR)
SCR > 30* SCR > 35
water
facility
facility
2010
%
% Schools % Schools % Schools
Schools
with
with
with
with ramp playground boundary
Kitchen
wall
shed
2014
Source: http://ssa.nic.in/rte-docs/Final_RTE_4th_Year.pdf
by
ensuring
Context
In 2002, following concerted civil society mobilisation and
interventions by the Supreme Court, Article 21A on the
right to education was inserted in the Constitution, as part
of Right to Life. In April 2010, the Right of Children to Free
and Compulsory Education Act came into effect. Provisions
such as the prohibition of discrimination, instruction in
mother tongue, and implementation of continuous and
comprehensive evaluation (CCE) came into force. Standards
of school infrastructure were to be met within three years
and teachers were to be adequately trained within five
years. 13 The country has missed both the milestones.
The Right to Education (RTE) Forum Stocktaking Report
(2014) suggests that across the country, less than 10 per
cent schools comply with all of the RTE norms (Figure 2).
The missing of deadlines laid down for implementation is
reflective of the fact that radical transformation of schools
and the educational system that was expected to have set
in motion with the enactment of RTE has not happened.14 As
shown in Figure 2, a large proportion of schools continue
to be non-compliant to norms and standards for a school
stipulated by the RTE Act, 2009.15
Figure 2: Compliance of Government Schools with
parameters stipulated in the RTE Act
90%
15.40%
72%
20.96%
54%
36%
22.30%
18%
17.60%
0%
Six Parameters
Seven Parameters
Eight Parameters
Nine Parameters
All Ten Parameters
8.30%
Percentage of Government Schools
Source: Government of India (2014), Education for All: Towards Quality with
Equity, NUEPA, New Delhi.
Recommendations
0.4
3.4
1.3
Overall=0
0
-1.3
-10.6
Women
-1.9
-9.8
Dalits
-5.4
-12.9
Adivasis
-4.6 -4.8
Muslims
Notes
1
This Policy Brief is written by Oommen C Kurian and Pooja Parvati, with contributions from Ravi Prakash, Maju Varghese, Deepak L Xavier and Nisha Agrawal.
Oxfam India March 2015.
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Oxfam India, a fully independent Indian organization, is a member of an international confederation of 17 organizations. The Oxfams are rights-based
organizations, which fight poverty and injustice by linking grassroots interventions to local, national, and global policy developments.
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