Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CIVIL/ARCHITECTURAL
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
Page 1 of 32
INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.2
1.3
GENERAL
SCOPE
ASSUMPTIONS FOR WRITING CRITERIA
2.
DEFINITIONS
3.
4.
DESIGN LOADS
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
GENERAL
DESIGN LOAD CONDITIONS
DEAD LOADS
LIVE LOADS
WIND LOADS
EARTHQUAKE LOADS
BLAST LOADS
LOADS FROM VIBRATIONS
LOADS DUE TO PULLING TUBE BUNDLES OR EXTRUDER
SCREWS
UPSET LOAD
FALL RESTRAINT FORCES
5.
6.
7.
FOUNDATIONS
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
GENERAL
FOUNDATIONS ON SPREAD FOOTINGS OR MATS
FOUNDATIONS ON PILES AND DRILLED SHAFTS
TANK FOUNDATIONS
FOUNDATIONS FOR HORIZONTAL VESSELS
FOUNDATIONS FOR TRANSFORMERS
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
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8. CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
GENERAL
REINFORCING STEEL COVER
ANCHOR BOLTS
CONCRETE PAVING
DIKE WALLS
RETAINING WALLS
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
BEAM LATERAL SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS
STRUCTURAL STEEL CONNECTIONS
DEFLECTIONS
FLOOR GRATING AND FLOOR PLATE
TORSION FOR STEEL BEAMS
ELEVATED CONCRETE FLOORS
CABLE TRAY SUPPORT
FABRICATION AND ERECTION DOCUMENTS
10. BUILDINGS
10.1 GENERAL
10.2 EGRESS
10.3 DOORS
10.4 CEILING HEIGHT
10.5 SEWER AND DRAIN SYSTEMS
10.6 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
10.8 HVAC
10.9 WAREHOUSE BUILDINGS
10.10 RAMPS
10.11 LABORATORIES
10.12 MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS, MEDIUM
VOLTAGE STARTERS AND ELECTRICAL
ROOMS
11. ROADS
11.1
11.2
LAYOUT
ROAD BASE AND SURFACE
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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GENERAL
DESIGN FLOWS FOR DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
DESIGN VOLUMES - CLOSED OR CONTROLLED DISCHARGE SYSTEM
GENERAL
PIPERACKS AND PROCESS STRUCTURES
1.
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
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INTRODUCTION
1.1
GENERAL
SCOPE
1.3
1.3.3
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
Page 5 of 32
3.
DEFINITIONS
O.S.B.L.
I.S.B.L.
SITE VARIATIONS
3.2
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
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4.
DESIGN LOADS
4.1
GENERAL
4.1.1 The loads given here are the minimum. Codes and
regulations may require more stringent loading.
4.2
Erection/Construction
Dead load (D) - erection weight of
equipment and modules
Live load (L) - Apply construction loads
for roofs and floors such as stacks of
construction materials, ponding of
concrete, etc.
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
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Test Conditions
Dead load (D) - dressed weight of equipment
Test Load (T) - use 100% of weight of water,
but increase the allowable stresses by 33% since
this is a temporary condition like wind or
earthquake. For ultimate strength design use a
load factor of 1.3.
4.2.5
Operating
Dead load (D)
-
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
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Shutdown
Dead load (D)
-
ULL allowances
snow & rain
DEAD LOADS
0.5
(10)
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
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Loading
kN/M2 (psf)
-----------------
- On compressor
building operating
floors to cover
piping and misc.
loads
- On floors in office
buildings to cover
movable or future
partitions
- On roof members of
offices,laboratories
control rooms,
storage warehouses
to cover lighting
fixtures, suspended
ceiling, air conditioning ducting and
small piping loads
- On roof members or
elevated floors of
control and switchgear bldgs in designated areas to
account for cable
trays and cable dead
loads.
4.4
1.5
(30)
1.0
(20)
0.25
(5)
1.0
(20)
LIVE LOADS
- Offices
- Control rooms,change
rooms, and
laboratories
Loading
kN/m2 (psf)
----------------2.4
(50)
3.6
(75)
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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Loading
kN/m2 (psf)
-----------------
7.2
(150)
- Compressor buildings
4.5
(90)
- Mechanical equipment
areas
6.25
(130)
- Electrical equipment
battery rooms
6.25
(130)
- Operating floors in
process structures
(Note 1)
- Accessible roofs
- Pitched roofs
4.5
(90)
2.0
0.8
(40)
(15)
1.5
(30)
4.8
(100)
2.0
(40)
- Walkways, platforms
(4' wide or less).
Does not apply to
major escape routes.
(Note 2)
Stairs
(Note 3)
- For pipeways
supporting cable
tray or pipes use
the actual
distribution of
trays loaded to
their rated capacity
and pipes filled
with water or
process fluid. If
unknown use this
load per layer of
cable tray or pipe.
See Notes 4, 5.
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
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NOTES:
1. For operating floors in multi-story process
structures, a 50% reduction may be applied to
uniform live loads for the design of columns and
foundations. No deduction
is allowed for the roof, except for storage warehouses
where applicable code prescribed live load reduction
shall be used.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.4.2
4.4.3
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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4.5
WIND LOADS
4.5.1
General
See FIGURE 1
This Document
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Type of Structure
"Cf" Factor
-----------------------------------
4.5.3
0.5
0.6
0.7
Structural shapes
2.0
Pipe
0.7
Platforms on columns:
1.6
Pipeways:
(Factors based on individual
pipes and structural members
can be used instead.)
1.0
Buildings:
-1.0
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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Pipeways
Apply the effective wind pressure to the full
length of the pipeway and to each tier of
pipe. Use a height of 1 m (3') for each tier
over 3.6 m (12') wide and a height of 600 mm
(2') for each tier less than 3.6 m (12')
wide.
Treat longitudinal beams over 300 mm (12")
deep separately. Apply a shape factor of 2.0.
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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Treat piperacks wider than 6 m (20') as an
open structure above the lowest tier. Use
appropriate factors for Solidity Ratio from
FIGURE 1 this document.
4.6
EARTHQUAKE LOADS
BLAST LOADS
UPSET LOAD
4.12
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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7.
FOUNDATIONS
7.1
GENERAL
7.2.1
General Design
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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Stability
7.2.2.1
Overturning.
-
Sliding.
-
7.2.3
Safety Factors
7.3.1
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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General Design
Uplift
7.3.2.1
7.3.3
Safety Factors
7.3.3.1
7.4
TANK FOUNDATIONS
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
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7.5.4 Design anchor bolts for shear equal to 0.3 X (vessel
weight).
7.6
8.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
8.1
GENERAL
8.2
Typical
above-ground structures
foundation mats
pavements in process areas
pedestals on foundation mats and process area pavements
general plant roadways & pavements in non-process areas
spread footings
pedestals on spread footings
slabs in buildings
trenches
sumps
8.3
75
50
75
75
mm
mm
mm
mm
ANCHOR BOLTS
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
K2Z-0001-01
1-MAR-2004
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anchor bolts.
8.3.2 The minimum diameter of anchor bolts is 20 mm (3/4")
for structural steel.
8.3.3
8.4
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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CONCRETE PAVING
DIKE WALLS
RETAINING WALLS
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
9.1.1 Use four (4) bolt base plate connections except where
it is not desirable or possible to transfer moments to the
foundations.
9.1.2 The decision to use either moment connected or braced
frames should be on a case by case basis. Where there are
major piping corridors, or where access is required for
equipment installation or maintenance, moment connections
would be preferred. Where the structure supports vibrating
equipment, such as fin-fan exchangers, compressors, etc,
bracing is preferred. For additional information, see
Guideline for Structures Supporting Vibrating Machines,
G2D-1090-10 and Guideline for Bracing in Structures,
G2D-5001-25.
9.1.3 Modular construction techniques are preferred for
erection of structures.
9.1.4 Provide drain holes for draining rain water in all beams
and columns at locations were rainwater could be collected in
the structural elements.
E.G. shapes with flanges positioned vertical.
9.2
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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support to
the
resist a
flange or
9.4
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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DEFLECTIONS
H/200
H/150
-------
9.7
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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GENERAL
EGRESS
DOORS
10.4
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CEILING HEIGHT
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
- 2 hours
- 2 hours
- 1 hour
10.8
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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HVAC
WAREHOUSE BUILDINGS
10.9.1
12.4.
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10.11 LABORATORIES
10.11.1
12.5.
10.11.2
10.12.1
3.5.
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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11. ROADS
11.1
LAYOUT
11.2.1
GENERAL
ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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12.3
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GENERAL
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ENGINEERING CRITERIA
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1-MAR-2004
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