Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENGINEER
ACCREDITATION
EXAMINATION
REVIEWER
SCHEDULE OF
MINIMUM TEST
REQUIREMENTS
(FREQUENCY)
PART C - EARTHWORKS
ITEM 100 CLEARING AND GRUBBING
* This item shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all vegetation
and debris as designated in the contract.
Tests:
None
ITEM 101 REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS
* This item shall consist of the removal wholly or in part, and satisfactory disposal of all
buildings, fences, structures, old pavements abandoned pipelines, and any other
obstruction which are not designated or permitted to remain.
Tests:
None
ITEM 102 EXCAVATION
* This item shall consist of roadway, drainage and borrow excavation and the disposal of
materials.
Tests:
Same as for Items 103, 104 and 105, whichever is applicable
ITEM 103 STRUCTURE EXCAVATION
* This item shall consist of the necessary excavation for foundation of bridges, culverts,
under-drains, and other structures not otherwise provided in the specifications.
If the excavated materials are washed, the volume involved shall be reported so
that quality control requirements may be adjusted accordingly (submit Project
Engineer Certificate of Waste).
If the excavated materials are incorporated into the work:
Tests:
For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
For every 150 mm in uncompacted depth:
1 D, Field Density
ITEM 104 EMBANKMENT
* This item shall consist of the construction of embankment.
Tests:
For every 1,500m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
For each 500m2 of each layer of compacted fill or fraction thereof:
At least one group of three in situ density test. The layer shall be
placed not exceeding200 mm in loose measurement or based on
the result of compacted trials.
ITEM 105 SUBGRADE PREPARATION
* This item shall consist of the preparation of the sub-grade for the support of overlying
structural layers.
Tests:
Same as for Item 104
ITEM 106 COMPACTION EQUIPMENT AND DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS
* This item shall be used in determining the density requirements of selected
embankments, sub-grade, bases and bituminous concrete.
Tests:
Same as for Items104, 105, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206 and
300
ITEM 107 OVERHAUL
* This item shall consist of authorized hauling in excess of free-haul distance.
Tests:
None
PART D SUB - BASE AND BASE COURSE
ITEM 200 AGGREGATE SUBBASE COURSE
* This item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compaction of aggregate sub-base
course on a prepared sub-grade.
Tests:
For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion)
For every 2,500m3 or fraction thereof:
1 CBR, California Bearing Test
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted depth based on the result
of compaction test trials:
At least one group of three in situ density tests for each 500
m2 or fraction thereof
ITEM 201 AGGREGATE BASE COURSE
* This item shall consist of furnishing, placing, and compaction of aggregate base course
on a prepared sub-grade.
Tests:
For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion)
For every 2,500m3 or fraction thereof:
1 CBR, California Bearing Test
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted depth based on the result
of compaction test trials:
At least one group of three in situ density tests for each 500
m2 or fraction thereof
ITEM 202 CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE
* This item shall consist of furnishing, placing, and compacting crushed gravel, crushed
stone or crush rock on a prepared sub-grade.
Tests:
Same as for Item 201
For every 1,500m3 or fraction thereof:
1 F, Fractured face
ITEM 203 LIME STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE
* This item shall consist of a foundation for surface course composed of soil aggregate,
lime and water in proper proportions.
Amount of lime to be added:
3 12 mass percent of dry soil aggregates test
Tests:
A. SOIL AGGREGATE
For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
For every1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion)
B. MIX
For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
1 UC, Unconfined Compaction Test
C. COMPACTED BASE COURSE
For every layer of 150 mm compacted depth:
1 D, Field Density Test for every 150 m or fraction thereof
1 T, Thickness determination for every 150 m or fraction
thereof
D. HYDRATED LIME
For every 100T or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test
ITEM 204 PORTLAND CEMENT STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE
* This item shall consist of a foundation for surface course, composed of soil aggregate,
Portland cement and water in proper proportions.
Amount of cement to be added:
6 to 10 mass of dry soil aggregate
Tests:
A. SOIL AGGREGATE
Same as for Item 203
B. CEMENT
1 Q, Quality Test for every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof
C. WATER
1 Q, Quality Test/Project Engineers Certificate
D. MIX
For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
1 UC, Unconfined Compaction Test
1 CBR, California Bearing Ratio
E. COMPACTED BASE COURSE
For every layer of 150 mm compacted depth:
1 D, Field Density Test for every 150 m or fraction thereof
1 T, Thickness Determination for every 150 m or fraction
thereof
ITEM 205 ASPHALT STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE
* This item shall consist of a foundation for surface course, composed of soil aggregate
and asphaltic material in proper proportions.
Amount of asphalt to be added:
4 7 mass of dry soil aggregate
Tests:
A. SOIL AGGREGATE
Same as for Item 203
B. EMULSIFIED ASPHALT
1 Q, Quality Test for every 40T of 200 drums or fraction
thereof
C. MIX
Same as for Item 203
C. COMPACTED BASE COURSE
Same as for Item 203
ITEM 206 PORTLAND CEMENT STABILIZED TREATED PLANT MIX BASE
COURSE
* This item shall consist of a foundation for surface course composed of aggregate
Portland cement and water in proper proportion.
Amount of cement to be added:
6 to 10 mass of dry soil aggregate
Tests:
A. SOIL AGGREGATE
Same as for Item 203
B. PORTLAND CEMENT
For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test
C. MIX
Same as for Item 204
D. WATER
1 Q, Quality Test/Project Engineers Certificate
E. COMPACTED BASE COURSE
For every layer of 150 mm compacted depth:
1 D, Field Density Test for every 150 m or fraction thereof
1 T, Thickness Determination for every 150 m or fraction
thereof
ITEM 207 AGGREGATE STOCKPILE
* This item shall furnishing and placing aggregate in stockpiles at locations.
Tests:
Same as the specified Item No. of the Specification
PART E SURFACE COURSES
ITEM 300 AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE
* This item shall consist of wearing of top course composed of gravel or crushed
aggregate and other binder material.
Tests:
For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion)
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted depth based on the result
of compaction test trials:
At least one group of three in situ density tests for each 500
m2 or fraction thereof
For crushed gravel or crushed stone 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 F, Fractured face
Quantity:
1.58 to 2.04 L/m2 if using cut back asphalt or asphalt cement
1.58 to 2.04 L/m2 if using emulsified asphalt
ITEM 305 BITUMINOUS PENETRATION MACADAM PAVEMENT
* This item shall consist of furnishing and placing one or more aggregate and one or
more application of bituminous material followed by a seal coat a with cover aggregate
constructed on a prepared base.
A. AGGREGATES
Quantity:
Using Asphalt Cement or Rapid Curing Emulsified Asphalt
Course (crushed)
80 kg/m2
Key (crushed)
24 kg/m2
Cover (crushed or screened)
8 kg/m2
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
7.2 to 11 L/m2
Test:
Same as for Item 301
ITEM 306 BITUMINOUS ROAD MIX SURFACE COURSE
* This item shall consist of constructing a bituminous road mix surface course on a
prepared base.
A. AGGREGATES
Tests:
Same as for Item 304
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
Using cut back asphalt 4.5 to 7 mass % of total dry aggregate
Using emulsified asphalt 6 to 10 mass % of total dry aggregate
Tests:
Same as for Item 301
C. MIX
Tests:
For every 75 m3/130T or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 Ext, Stability Test
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
For every 100T or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test
E. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
For each full days operation:
D & T (Density & Thickness Test), at least one (1) but not more
than three (3) samples shall be taken
10
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
Using cut back asphalt -- 4.5 to 7 mass % of total dry aggregate
Using emulsified asphalt 6 to 10 mass % of total dry aggregate
Tests:
1 Q, Quality Test for each 40T or 200 drums fraction thereof
C. MIX
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests (LL, PL, PI)
F. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
ITEM 309 BITUMINOUS PLANT MIX (STOCKPILE MAINTENANCE
MIXTURE)
* This item shall consist of a bituminous stockpile maintenance mixture composed of
aggregate, mineral filler, hydrated lime and bituminous material mixed in a central
plant.
A. AGGREGATE
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
4 to 10 mass percent of total mix
Tests:
1 Q, Quality Test for each 40T or 200 drums fraction thereof
C. MIX
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
F. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
11
12
13
H. CONCRETE
Test:
Flexural Strength Test on concrete beam samples:
1 Set consisting of 3 beam samples shall represent a 330 m2 of
pavement, 230 mm depth or fraction thereof placed each day
Volume of concrete not more than 75 m3
I. COMPLETED PAVEMENT
Test:
Thickness determination by concrete core drilling on a lot basis
Five (5) holes per km per lane or five (5) holes per 500 m when
two (2) lanes are poured concurrently
PART F BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
ITEM 400 - PILING
* This item shall consist of piling, furnished, driven or placed, cut and spliced.
A. TIMBER PILES
Test:
1 Inspection Report for each size and shipment of timber
B. CONCRETE PILES
a.) Concrete
Test: Same as for Item 405
b.) Reinforcing Steel
Test: Same as for Item 404
C. STRUCTURAL PILES
Tests:
1 IR, inspection Report
1 Q, Quality Test or Mill Test Certificate
ITEM 401 RAILINGS
* This item shall consist of furnishing, fabricating or placing, for bridges and other
structures of the material of combination of materials.
A. CONCRETE
Test:
Same as for Item 405, Class C
B. REINFORCING STEEL
Test:
Same as for Item 404
ITEM 402 TIMBER STRUCTURES
* This item shall consist of construction of timber structures to the dimensions, lines and
grades as shown on the plans.
Tests:
1 Q, Quality Test or Manufacturers Certificate for each type of
material used
14
15
16
* This item shall consist of pre-stressed concrete structures and the pre-stressed concrete
portions of composite structures.
A. CONCRETE
Tests:
Same as for Item 405, Class P
B. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Test:
Same as for Item 404
C. WIRE STRAND
Test:
1 Q, Quality Test for every 20T or fraction thereof
ITEM 407 CONCRETE STRUCTURES
*This item shall consist of the general description of the materials, equipment,
workmanship and construction requirements of concrete structures and the concrete
portions of composite structures.
Tests:
Same as for Items 403, 404 and 411
Elastometric Bearing Pads will be tested to determine its quality
ITEM 408 STEEL BRIDGES
* This item shall consist of construction of steel structure conforming to the lines, grades,
dimension and designs.
Tests:
Same as for Item 403 and 411
Painting:
1 Q, One 20 L can for every 100 cans or fraction thereof
1 Q, One 4 L can for every 100 cans or fraction thereof
ITEM 409 WELDED STRUCTURAL STEEL
* This work shall consist of the joining of structural steel members with welds of the type.
Test:
Same as for 403 and Inspection Report
ITEM 410 TREATED AND UNTREATED TIMBER
* This item shall consist of structural timber of the specie size called on the plans either
treated or untreated as called for in the proposal.
Test:
1 IR, Inspection report
1 Q, Quality Test for preservatives
ITEM 411 PAINT
* This item shall consist of furnishing and applying all paint materials including vehicles,
pigments, pastes, dryers, thinners, and mixed paints for steel and wooden structures.
Test:
1 Q, One 20 L can for every 100 cans or fraction thereof
17
18
B. CLAY PIPE
Test:
Quality Test for one (1) pipe for every 200 pieces of each size,
with a minimum number of two (2) specimens for Strength,
Absorption and Dimension
ITEM 502 MANHOLES, INLETS AND CATCHBASINS
* This item shall consist of the construction, reconstruction or adjustment of manholes,
inlets, and catch basins.
A. CONCRETE
Test:
Same as for Item 405, Class A
B. LIDS, CAST IRON FRAMES AND GRATING
Test:
Inspection Report
ITEM 503 DRAINAGE STEEL GRATING WITH FRAME
* The steel frame clear openings of drainage grates shall be 15 mm larger than nominal
sizes of industry standard sized pits.
ITEM 504 CLEANING AND RECONDITIONING OF EXISTING DRAINAGE
STRUCTURES
* This item shall consist of cleaning and reconditioning existing pipes and appurtenant
structures.
Test:
Inspection Report
ITEM 505 RIPRAP AND GROUTED RIPRAP
* This item shall consist of the furnishing and placing riprap with or without grout as the
case maybe, with or without filter backing.
Test:
Same as for Item 506
(Cement Aggregate ratio = 1:3)
ITEM 506 STONE MASONRY
* This item shall consist of stone masonry of minor structures, in headwalls for culverts,
in retaining walls at the toes of slopes.
A. CEMENT
Quantity:
2 bags/m3 of concrete
Test:
For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test
(Cement Aggregate ratio = 1:2)
B. FINE AGGREGATE
Quantity:
19
20
21
22
23
Test:
Same as for Item 405
ITEM 701 CONSTRUCTION LIME (HYDRATED)
Test:
1 Q, Quality Test for every 100T or fraction thereof
ITEM 702 BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Test:
Same as for Items 301, 302, 303, 306, 307, 308, 309 and 310
ITEM 703 AGGREGATES
Test:
Same as for item of work in the Bill of Quantities
ITEM 703A MINERAL FILLER
* This item shall consist of finely divided material mineral matter such as rock dust, slug
dust, hydrated lime, hydraulic cement, fly ash or other suitable mineral matter.
Test:
Same as for Item 307
ITEM 704 MASONRY UNITS
Test:
1 Q, Quality Test for every 10,000 units or fraction thereof
ITEM 705 JOINT MATERIALS
Test:
Same as for Items 311 and 500
ITEM 706 CONCRETE, CLAY, PLASTIC AND FIBER PIPES
A. CONCRETE
Test:
Same as for Item 500
B. CLAY AND OTHER TYPE OF PIPES
Test:
Refer to applicable requirements of AASHTO Test and Specs
ITEM 707 METAL PIPE
Test:
Same as for Item 400
ITEM 708 CONCRETE CURING MATERIALS AND ADMIXTURE
* This item specifies the classification, sampling, testing, packing and marking of
concrete admixtures.
Test:
1 Q, Quality Test for each shipment
24
25
TABLES
26
MATERIALS
1. Cement
2. Asphaltic material
3. Aspahlt mix
4. Aggregates
a. coarse aggregate
b. fine aggregate
5. Soil aggregates
a. Classification
b. Routinary tests
c. MDR test and CBR
6. Non Reinforced Concrete
Pipes
7. Reinforced Concrete Pipes
8.Steel pipe (galvanized)
9. Concrete hollow blocks (CHB)
a. strength
b. moisture content
10. Steel bar
11. Steel sheet (galvanized)
12. Wire strand
13. Gabion
MNIMUM TESTING
REQUIREMENTS
MINIMUM
QUANTITY/VOLUME OF
MATERIALS FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
10 kg
5L
20 kg
70 kg
50 kg
2 pipes
1 pipe (1 m length)
2 pcs Of 100 mm long taken
from both ends w/ thread
3 units
3 units
1m
3 pcs 60mm x 60mm
2m
1m x 2m
27
14. Paints
15. Joint filler (pre molded)
16. Curing compound
17. Concrete cylinder
18. Concrete beam
19. Concrete core
20. Asphalt core
21. Water
a. Chemical analysis
b. Sediment load analysis
22. Structural steel/sheet
23. Hydrated lime
1 - 4L can
1 400mm x 400mm
1L
1 set (3 cylinders)
1 set (3 cylinders)
500 ml
500 ml
1 sample per 50T
1 sample per 100T
Class of
concrete
Minimum
cement
content per
cu. m
Maximum
water
cement ratio
Consistency
range in
slump
kg (bags)
kg/kg
mm (inch)
360 (9)
0.53
320 (8.5)
0.58
380 (9.5)
0.55
440 (11)
0.49
Seal
380 (9.5)
0.58
50 -100 (2
4)
50 -100 (2
4)
50 -100 (2
4)
100 max ( 4
max)
100 200 (4
8)
Designated
size of
coarse
aggregate
square
opening
std. mm
37. 5 4.75
(1 - No. 4)
50.0 4.75
(2 - No. 4)
12. 5 4.75
( - No. 4)
19.0 4.75
(3/4 - No. 4)
25.0 4.75
(1 - No. 4)
Minimum
compressive
strength of
150mm x
300mm
concrete
cylinder @
28 days
MN/m2 (psi)
20.7 (3000)
16.5 (2400)
20.7 (3000)
37. 7 (5000)
20.7 (3000)
28
Percent (%) of
contract price
allowed
100
80
70
60
50
0
Deficiency in the
average thickness
per lot(mm)
05
6 10
11 15
16 20
21 25
more than 25
Percent (%) of
contract price
per lot
100
95
85
70
50
removed and replaced (no payment)
Kind of material
Type of test
Cement
Coarse aggregate
Fine aggregate
Grading
Specific gravity
3
3
29
Absorption
Unit weight
3
1
Grading
Liquid limit
Plastic limit
Compaction
CBR
Abrasion
3
3
3
7
1
Asphalt
Paint
Physical
Physical and chemical
4
4
Concrete cylinder
Compressive
Concrete beam
Flexural
Concrete core
Cutting of sample
LIMITATIONS/VARIATIONS
ITEM
104
ITEM
105
Abrasion loss
Plastic index
Liquid limit
Permitted
variation from
design
THICKNESS
OF LAYER
Permitted
variation from
design LEVEL
OF SURFACE
Permitted
surface
irregularity
6%
max
30%
max
ITEM
200
50%
max
12%
max
35%
max
1TEM
201
50%
max
6% max
25%
max
ITEM
202
45%
max
6%
max
25%
max
ITEM
203
4% to
10%
ITEM
300
45%
max
4% to
9%
35%
max
20mm
10mm
+15mm,
-5mm
+20mm,
-30mm
+10mm,
-20mm
+5mm,
-10mm
+15mm,
-5mm
30mm
20mm
5mm
5mm
30
0.5%
0.3%
0.2%
+0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
+0.1%
Length of pile
less than 12m
12m to 18m
more than 18m
25%
80%
min
min
DIMESION OF PILES
80%
min
100%
80%
min
Minimum
tip
200mm
180mm
150mm
REMOVAL OF FORMS
Scope of work
Minimum time
Minimum % of design
strength
14 days
80%
14 days
1 day
2 days
70%
70%
70%
1 day
70%
SIEVE SIZES
NO. 200
NO. 100
NO. 60
NO.50
NO. 40
0.075mm
0.150mm
0.300mm
0.250mm
0.425mm
NO. 20
NO. 16
NO. 12
NO. 10
NO. 8
0.840mm
1.180mm
1.700mm
2.000mm
2.360mm
31
NO. 30
0.600mm
NO. 4
4.750mm
DETAILS OF WELDS
Tension
Compression
GRADE 40
24 times bar
20 times bar
GRADE 60
36 times bar
24 times bar
Sieve size
NO. 30
NO. 50
NO. 200
Mass % passing
100
95 100
70 - 100
Sieve size
NO. 20
NO. 200
Mass % passing
100
85 - 100
Weight
25 grams
50 grams
200 grams
32
1
2
300 grams
500 grams
1000 grams
REVIEW
QUESTIONS
33
1.
What is the sample for compressive strength determination of a structural concrete? Answer: concrete
cylinder sample
2. What is the test to determine the consistency of concrete?
Ans: Slump test
3. What is the length required for RSB sample for quality test?
Ans: 1.0 m/10,000 kg/size/shipment
4. How many samples should be taken for every 75 cu.m fresh concrete?
Ans: 1 set consist of 3-pcs sample
5. What is the required size of test specimen for G.I. sheets?
Ans: 3 pcs-60 mm in 1 sht/100 sheets
6. What kind of paint that has a reflectance or beads?
Ans: Reflectorized Paint
7. What is that construction material that has a property of being a dark brown to black cementitious material in
which the predominating substance is bitumen?
Ans: asphalt
8. For how long or how many hours shall a bituminous prime coat be left undisturbed?
Ans: 24 hours
9. What is the rate of application of bituminous tack coat?
Ans: 0.2 to 0.7 L/sq.m
10. What is the penetration grade of blown asphalt?
Ans: 0 to 30 penetration grade
11. What kind of sample is taken for flexural test?
Ans: Concrete beam sample
12. What are the tests needed for the 2.650 cu.m Item 201 (Aggregate Base Course)?
Ans: CBR, abrasion, GPCD
13. How many grading tests are required for a 3,200 cu.m selected borrow topping (Item 104)?
Ans: 3 grading tests
14. As a materials Engineer, what will you recommend if you find out that the materials to be used as Item 200 if
finer than the required materials?
Ans: blend Item 200 with coarser materials
15. What is the standard specification for LL and PI of Item 201(Aggregate Base Course)?
Ans: maximum of 25% and maximum of 6% respectively
16. What is the CBR requirement for Item 201?
Ans: 80% maximum
17. What asphalt is used for sealing weaken plane joint of concrete pavement?
Ans: Blown Asphalt
18. What is Item 311 of the DPWH Specification (Blue Book)?
Ans: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
19. What is the machine used for abrasion test?
Ans: Los Angeles Abrasion Machine
20. How to determine the degree of compaction of Items 104, 200, & 201?
Ans: by Field Density Test
21. What is the formula in obtaining the value of PI?
Ans: Liquid Limit minus Plastic Limit
22. What are the other terms for sieve analysis?
Ans: Grading Test, Particle Size Distribution Test, Mechanical Analysis
23. What is the degree of compaction of the soil if the wet density is 2,200 kg/m3, with an actual moisture content
of 10.2% and a maximum dry density of 1,960 kg/m3?
Ans: 101.23%
24. How many concrete cores shall be taken for one (1) kilometer concrete pavement?
Ans: 5 holes/km/lane
25. What is the moisture content of the soil having an original weight of 162.5 grams and an oven dried weight
of 138.2 grams?
Ans: 17.58%
26. If the group index of a soil is high, what indication does it mean?
Ans: the soil is clayey
27. As a Materials Engineer, how can you determine that the sample placed in the oven is already oven dried?
Ans: if the sample reaches its constant weight
28. In oven drying a sample for test, what temperature shall be maintained?
34
30. What is the difference between hygroscopic moisture content from natural moisture content?
Ans: hygroscopic moisture content is the moisture content of an air- dried sample while natural
moisture content is the moisture content of the original sample from the field.
31. For how many bags of cement does a 10 kgs. sample represents?
Ans: 2000 bags
32. For 15, 000 kgs RSB, how many samples shall be submitted for Quality Test?
Ans: 2 pcs 1 m sample
33. An admixture is being introduced to the fresh concrete mixture for heavily reinforced concrete structure using
a pumpcrete to pump out the fresh concrete mix, what admixture should it be?
Ans: Superplasticizer
34. What is the use of blown asphalt?
Ans: as joint filler and water proofing
35. What asphalt is commonly known as hot asphalt or penetration grade asphalt?
Ans: Asphalt Cement
36. How many days does the sample for Immersion Compression Test be soaked in water?
Ans: 4 days @ 50 oC
37. If ductility test is for asphalt, _____ is for cement? consistency
Ans: Magnesium Oxide, Insoluble Residue, Loss on Ignition
38. Paint is composed of _____
Ans: 35% vehicle, 50% pigment, 15% beads
39. What is the size of tamping rod used in tamping concrete sample?
Ans: 16 mm and 610 mm long with hemispherical tip
40. What is the temperature to be maintained when curing sample after its initial curing?
Ans: 23o C 1.7o C
41. Concrete cylinders are cured and ready for test. Temperature between 63F to 85F are permitted for a period
not to exceed _____ hours immediately prior to test if free moisture is maintained on the surface of the
specimen at all times.
Ans: three (3)
42. The molds of specimen not to be transported shall be removed after initial curing of _____ hours and should
be cured to the standard curing temperature of 73.4 F 3F
Ans: Twenty-four (24)
43. High plasticity index means _____ of a soil?
Ans: high degree of compressibility
44. Sample to be used for liquid limit and plastic limit tests should pass to what sieve?
Ans: No. 40 (0.425 mm)
45. What compaction rammer shall be used if the specs given for Moisture Density Relation Test (MDR) are
T 180?
Ans: 4.54 kg with 457 mm drop
46. A bean mold measuring 6 x 6 x 20 is to be used for sampling concrete, how many blows/tamps per layer
shall be applied?
Ans: 60 blows/layer
47. If asphalt mix having a weight of 3,020g and an aggregate weighing 2,865.98g, what is the % asphalt by
weight of mix?
Ans: 5.10%
48. What is the material used for Bituminous Prime Coat?
Ans: Cut-back asphalt
49. In Item 303, application of cover aggregates shall be evenly spread over the surface at the rate of
approximately _____?
Ans: 0.004 to 0.007 m3/m2
50. Applying the tolerance of 0.4% for asphalt content to your answer in prob. 47, what is the acceptable range of
asphalt content?
Ans: 4.7% to 5.5%
51. An embankment having a PI of 30%, LL of 40% and GI of 0, what is the degree of compaction for this kind of
soil?
Ans: 95% degree of compaction
52. The minimum cement factor for concrete Class A is 9 bags/cu.m, how about for concrete Class B?
Ans: 8 bags/ cu.m
53. Quality control testing in a DPWH project is the responsibility of the_____?
Ans: Contractor
54. As Materials Engineer, when is the right time to start sampling and testing aggregates?
Ans: Once the source is identified
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55. The minimum compressive strength for concrete Class P is 5,000 psi, what is the minimum compressive
strength for concrete Class C?
Ans: 3000 psi
56. The volume of concrete mixer per batch shall not exceed the mixers nominal capacity in cu.m as shown on
the manufacturers standard plate on the mixer, except that an overload up to _____ percent above the
mixers nominal capacity may be permitted provided concrete test data for strength, segregation, and uniform
consistency are satisfactory, and provided that no spillage of concrete takes place.
Answer: Ten (10)
57. Where do we take additional cores when the measurement of any core taken from pavement is deficient in
thickness by more than 25 mm?
Answer: at no less than 5 meter intervals parallel to the centerline in each direction from the affected
location
58. Under what climatic condition do we use lower penetration grade or hard asphalt?
Answer: hot climate (cold climate higher penetration grade or soft asphalt)
59. What is the basis for the acceptance or rejection of any construction material?
Answer: Materials test results/reports
60. Penetration test is for asphalt: cement is to _____?
Answer: consistency
61. Slump test is a very important test in fresh concrete to determine _____?
Answer: consistency of concrete
62. How many samples should be taken for an asphalt mix for each full days operation?
Answer: at least one but not to exceed three samples
63. The thickness of asphalt core using a caliper is based on how many measurements?
Answer: four (4)
64. The thickness of concrete core using a caliper is based on how many measurements?
Answer: nine (9)
65. Failed samples do not necessarily mean that the structure it represents is defective, why?
Answer: may be the sampling is incorrect
66. The specification calls for a 1: 2:4 concrete mix. In a one bagger mixer, which of the following amount of
water is most likely required for the mix?
Answer: 20 liters
67. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine ______.
Answer: overheating during the process of manufacture
68. How many samples shall be submitted for test if 315 pails of flat wall enamel paint are to be used in the
project?
Answer: four (4) pails
69. Aggregate Sub base course has a volume of 5, 000 cu.m and to be laid in a 15cm compacted depth. How
many samples shall be submitted for CBR test and for sieve analysis?
Answer: 2 samples for CBR and 17 samples for sieve analysis
70. How many samples shall be submitted for quality test if 60 tons of Bituminous Prime Coat is to be used in the
project?
Answer: Two (2) samples
71. How many compaction tests shall be conducted for Item 201 having a volume of 8,250 cu.m?
Answer: Six (6) compaction tests
72. What composed of Materials Quality Control Monthly Reports?
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37
94. Heavy rains occur the night before prior to your scheduled field density test, are you going to pursue your
schedule? Why?
Answer: No, because the moisture content is high and can affect the result
95. Checking the gradation of composite aggregates and asphalt content of asphalt mix can be done by what test?
Answer: Extraction Test
96. What is the device used in testing for liquid limit test?
Answer: liquid limit device with grooving tool
97. What apparatus is used in plastic limit test?
Answer: glass plate
98. How long does a vibrator be inserted in a concrete mix?
Answer: not to exceed 15 seconds at 50 60 cm interval
99. Along the slope of high embankment _____ is provided as an erosion control measures and also to improve the
stability of the slope.
Answer: Berm
100. In soil and sub surface explorations for flood control design of foundation condition, a soil sample was
taken for field and laboratory tests. The test required for soil was taken, except
Answer: specific gravity, abrasion, water content, Atterberg Limits, gradation, compaction, relative density
101. Structure crossing above such covered underground drainage conduit shall be laid at least _____ above the
top of the conduit.
Answer: 1.0 m, 0.5 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m
102. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 30 kgs to a maximum of 70 kgs with at least 50% of the stones
weighing more than 50 kgs.
Answer: Class B
103. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 15 kgs to a maximum of 25 kgs with at least 50% of the stones
weighing more than 20 kgs.
Answer: Class A
104. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 60 kgs to a maximum of 100 kgs with at least 50% of the stones
weighing more than 80 kgs.
Answer: Class C
105. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 100 kgs to a maximum of 200 kgs with at least 50% of the stones
weighing more than 1500 kgs.
Answer: Class D
106. The maximum size of stone for stone masonry.
Answer: 150 mm
107. The maximum size of aggregate for item 300.
Answer: 1 inch
108. Required maximum liquid limit for Item 300.
Answer: 35%
109. Required plasticity index range on Item 300.
Answer: 4% to 9%
110. Range of sand size.
Answer: 2.0 mm to 0.050 mm
111. The ratio of the volume of voids to volume of solids
Answer: void ratio
112. The ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids
Answer: moisture content
113. Significance of grading test are, except
Answer: Gives particle size distribution, measures permeability, capillarity, measures the potential cohesion
of soil
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134. Item 310 shall have a mass percent of air voids with range of _____
Answer: 3% to 5 %
135. Dowel bars for PCCP shall be _____
Answer: plain bars
136. Concrete beam sample when tested by Third Point Method shall have a flexural strength of _____ when
tested in 14 days.
Answer: 3.80 MPa
137. When the required thickness of Item 200 is more than 150 mm, the aggregate sub base shall spread and
compacted in ____
`
Answer: two or more layers
138. Item 202 shall have a minimum soaked CBR value of _____
Answer: 80%
139. Permitted variation from design thickness of layer for Item 201.
Answer: 10 mm
140. Sieve designation standard (in mm) for 0.425 mm to alternate US standard
Answer: No. 40
141. If slag is used as course aggregate for Item 311, the minimum density is _____
Answer: 1,120 kg/m3
142. Minimum price allowed of contract for deficiency in strength of concrete specimens for PCCP which 10% to
less than 15%
Answer: 70%
143. This joint is also called cold joint. It is constructed when there is an interruption of more than 30 minutes in
the concreting operation
Answer: Transverse Construction Joint
144. Minimum variation of the surface from the testing edge of the straight edge between contacts with the surface
in Item 310
Answer: 6.0 mm
145. Portland Cement Treated Plant Mix Base Course after the completion of the final rolling, the surface will be
treated with bituminous curing seal, how much is the rate of application?
Answer: 0.5 L/m2 to 1.0 L/m2
146. In Item 201, the volume required in the project is 10,000 cu.m. The required number of CBR test is _____
Answer: four (4)
147. Slump test of concrete determines the following, except
Answer: workability, fluidity, consistency, job density
148. The significance of liquid limit are the ff., except
Answer: measures the shearing resistance of soil, measures the potential cohesion of soil, fineness and shape
of grain, Atterberg limits
149. In soil classification, 35% or less passing No. 200 sieve are the ff., except
Answer: A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4
150. To evaluate the performance quality of a soil as a highway subgrade material
Answer: Group Index
151. If the paving of concrete pavement will be done at the rate 200 ln.m, half width per paving day, how many
sets of concrete beam samples shall be required. Given: A = 115,000 sq.m, width = 6.50 m, thickness = 230
mm
Answer: 353 sets
152. The required liquid limit for selected borrow toppings
Answer: 30%
153. The maximum plastic limit for selected borrow toppings
Answer: 6%
154. Soil is considered unsuitable material when the liquid limit and plastic limit exceeds
Answer: 80% and 55% respectively
155. Soil is considered unsuitable when the material density is
Answer: 800 kg/cu.m or lower
156. The plasticity index is determined in accordance with
Answer: AASHTO T 90
157. The liquid limit is determined in accordance with
Answer: AASHTO T 89
158. The required compaction of embankment, layer by layer
Answer: 95%
159. The minimum compaction trial of embankment
Answer: 10 m wide by 50 m long
40
160. At least how many in situ density tests should be carried out for each 500 m2 of each layer of compacted
fill?
Answer: three (3)
161. Maximum plasticity index for Item 200
Answer: 12%
162. Maximum liquid limit for Item 200
Answer: 35%
163. Maximum size of grading requirement for Item 200
Answer: 2
164. The Los Angeles Abrasion Test for aggregate sub-base course is determined in accordance with
Answer: AASHTO T 96
165. The required abrasion loss for Item 200
Answer: 50%
166. The minimum CBR required for Item 200
Answer: 25%
167. The required soaked CBR for aggregate sub-base course is determined by
Answer: AASHTO T 193
168. Minimum required percent compaction of each layer of aggregate sub-base course
Answer: 100%
169. In place density determination of aggregate sub-base course material shall be made in accordance with
Answer: AASHTO T 191
170. In some areas where the conventional base course materials are scarce or non available, the use _____
allowable percent weathered limestone (anapog) blended with crushed stones or gravel.
Answer: 40% (60% - crushed stones or gravel)
171. Maximum size of aggregate for base course material under grading B
Answer: 1 inch
172. Maximum required percent abrasion loss for Item 202
Answer: 45%
173. Maximum required mass percent shall have at least one (1) fractured face of Item 202
Answer: 50%
174. Minimum required soaked CBR for Item 202
Answer: 80%
175. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 202 under grading A
Answer: 1 inch
176. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 201 under grading A
Answer: 2
177. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 202 under grading B
Answer: 1 inch
178. This item consists of a foundation for surface course composed of soil aggregate, lime, water in proper
proportion, road mixed and constructed on a prepared subgrade/subbase.
Answer: Lime Stabilized Road Mix Base Course (Item 203)
179. The required plasticity index for Item 203
Answer: 4% to 10%
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180. Maximum required mass percent of wear for the aggregate on Item 203
Answer: 50%
181. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 203 under grading A and B
Answer: 2
182. Item number for water?
Answer: Item 714
183. In Item 203, how much is the required mass percent of lime to be added to the soil aggregate?
Answer: 3% to 12%
184. Minimum soaked CBR for Item 203
Answer: 100%
185. Required percent compaction for Item 203
Answer: 100%
186. Equipment to be used for initial rolling
Answer: Pneumatic tire roller
187. Equipment to be used for final rolling
Answer: 3 wheel tandem type steel wheel roller
188. The test on asphalt cement consisting of heating the asphalt in an open cup and passing a small test flame
Answer: flash point
189. It is a manually operated device for deriving a measurement of roughness from the surface profile which
may be expressed in terms of International Roughness Index.
Answer: Merlin Road Roughness Measuring Device
190. It is used for the rapid in situ measurement of the structural properties of existing pavement with unbound
granular properties.
Answer: Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
191. What is the thinnest cut back asphalt?
Answer: MC 3000
192. In the construction of bridges projects, what is the method used to determine the casting length of the regular
piles?
Answer: Test Pitting
193. It is an equipment which is used to measure differential deflection between joints of a concrete pavement, to
determine the modulus of the existing slabs for use in the design of an overlay, and to determine the
remaining life of existing pavement.
Answer: Falling Weight Deflectometer
194. What is the equipment used to pinpoint rebars, conduits, pipes, nails and other metals embedded in concrete
before cutting or drilling?
Answer: Rebar Locator
195. What is the instrument or equipment used to measure for surface test of concrete and asphalt pavements as
soon as he concrete has hardened sufficiently or as soon as the asphalt mix has been initially compacted?
Answer: 3 meter straight edge
196. What is the latest state of the art equipment consuming radioactive material which is commonly used in the
compaction control of earth and asphalt road construction and in the measurement of moisture content?
Answer: Nuclear Density Gauge
197. It is an instrument used to measure pavement deflections resulting from vehicle wheel loadings. The results
of the elastic deformation tests are used to evaluate the structural condition of roads, and to help in the design
of road strengthening measures and road capacity improvement.
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43
44
45
254. In temperate countries like the Philippines, what is the most commonly used grade of asphalt cement?
Answer: 60 70 and 85 100
255. To determine the thickness _____ of asphalt, Immersion Compression Test is performed.
Answer: stability
256. Percent air voids will _____ as percent asphalt increases in Marshall Stability.
Answer: decrease
257. To determine the temperature of delivered asphalt mix, what apparatus is used?
Answer: armored thermometer
258. Peat and muck soils are considered as:
Answer: highly organic soils
259. Why is it that a trial section is conducted in sub base or base course construction?
Answer: to check the suitability of materials, efficiency of the equipment used and the construction
method.
260. What does it mean when there is bleeding in a newly paved asphalt road?
Answer: excessive asphalt content
261. A good subgrade soil should have the following:
Answer: low liquid limit and low plastic limit
262. Concrete samples may be tested at an earlier stage in order to _____
Answer: determine the trend of its strength development
263. What is the test criterion for reinforced concrete pipe tested in a three edge bearing test machine?
Answer: 0.3 mm crack
264. In testing concrete cylinder sample, the applied load should be continuous without shock at a constant rate
within the range of _____
Answer: 20 to 50 psi/second (compression); 125 175 psi/second (flexural)
265. Cement which has been in storage for a long period of time and that there is already doubt as to its quality
should:
Answer: be retested prior to use
266. It is a process of improving the properties of soil to make it more suitable for a particular purpose.
Answer: Stabilization
267. Two tests are done in one lot sample. The test differs from each other, third test is taken. What will be this
test?
Answer: referee test
268. If no beam sample taken to determine the strength of concrete pavement, is it allowed in DPWH specs to use
core samples to determine the strength. What is the required compressive strength?
Answer: Yes, 3,500 psi at 14 days
269. Tact coat must be at what condition prior to the application of asphalt mix?
Answer: tacky
270. The use of sea water in reinforced concrete may _____
Answer: induce risk of corrosion in reinforcing steel
271. Subgrade having a CBR value of 2% or less is considered _____
Answer: weak subgrade
272. Subgrade having a CBR value of 15% or more is considered _____
Answer: very stable
46
273. Subgrade other than those defined in the two above categories is considered ___
Answer: normal
274. What are the three (3) major groups of soil?
Answer: granular soil, fine grained soil, organic soil
275. What is the significance of field density test?
Answer: to determine the degree of compaction of soil. It is also a control test in embankment
construction to ensure adequate compaction.
276. Weighing hot sample is not advisable because it affects the accuracy of the result. True or false?
Answer: true
277. How to prepare or to come up with an air dried sample?
Answer: air dry the sample under the heat of the sun
278. If it is impossible to air dry the sample under the heat of the sun, what alternative should be used?
Answer: oven dry the sample @ 60C
279. Sample for compaction test should pass to what sieve size?
Answer: Method A & B use sample passing No. 4
Method C & D use sample passing inch
280. What is the difference between T 99 and T 180 compaction test method?
Answer: T 99 uses 2.5kg (5.5lbs) rammer with a 12 drop while T 180 uses 4.54 kg (10lbs) rammer
with an 18 drop.
281. What is particle size analysis?
Answer: It is the determination of particle size distribution in soils by sieve, hydrometer or a combined
analysis
282. What kind of water shall be used in laboratory test especially if it deals with chemicals?
Answer: distilled water
283. Liquid limit brass cup w/ sample is raised and allowed to drop sharply on the base through a height of _____?
Answer: 10 mm
284. How many rotations per second will the crank of a liquid limit be rotated?
Answer: 2 rps
285. In doing a plastic limit test, to what will the soil thread begin to break?
Answer: 3.2 mm (1/8)
286. What is specific gravity?
Answer; It is used in a gravimetric volumetric relationship in soils (or defined as the ratio of the wt.
in air of an equal volume of water at a stated temperature)
287. What is the approximate area for density control strips?
Answer: 335 sq. m
288. What Item of work is embankment?
Answer: Item 104
289. What kind of material for Item 200?
Answer: Aggregate sub base course
290. What is the required particle size for selected borrow for toppings under Item 104?
Answer: All particle size will pass sieve 75 mm or 3 openings and not more than 15 mass % will pass
0.075 mm. (AASHTO T 11)
291. What is the minimum degree of compaction for Item 200 and 201?
47
Answer: 100%
292. What is the highest point in the moisture density curve of the moisture density relation test or compaction
test?
Answer: Maximum dry density (MDD) and Optimum moisture content (OMC)
293. What is the required size of calibrated sand used for field density test (FDT)?
Answer: Any clean, dry, free flowing, uncemented sand passing No. 10 and retained No. 200 sieve
294. What is the standard diameter of an orifice of an FDT sand cone?
Answer: inch (12.7 mm)
295. What are the apparatus used in FDT?
Answer: sand cone, jug (at least 4 liters), guide plate, moisture cans, calibrated sand, weighing scale,
oven with temperature control, chisel or digging tool, plastic bags and labeling materials (tag name)
296. How many hours does a fine aggregate tested for specific gravity and absorption be soaked in water?
Answer: 15 to 19 hours
297. How to determine if the fine aggregate reaches the saturated dry condition?
Answer: It is determined by the use of cone test for surface moisture. If the molded shape of fine
aggregate slumps slightly, it indicates that it has reached a surface dry condition
298. What are the tests required for concrete aggregates?
Answer: Fine aggregate = grading, specific gravity, absorption, dry unit weight: Coarse aggregate =
grading, specific gravity, absorption, dry unit weight an d abrasion
Note: Soundness test is also performed as per request
299. What are the size or diameter and weight of cast iron spheres used in abrasion test?
Answer: Approximately 46.8 mm and each weighing between 390 455 grams
300. What is the required total weight of sample for abrasion test of coarse aggregate, grading A with 12 as
number of spheres?
Answer: 5,000 grams 25 grams
301. What is significance of abrasion test?
Answer: It evaluates the structural strength of coarse aggregate. It gives an indication of quality as
determined by resistance to impact and wear. It also determines whether the aggregates will have
degradation during traffic or rolling.
302. What is the sieve used in sieving materials for abrasion test?
Answer: No. 12 (1.70 mm)
303. At what age should a concrete beam sample be tested for flexural test?
Answer: 14 days
304. How to compute the flexural strength of concrete beam sample tested at third point?
Answer: R = PL
bd2
305. How to compute the flexural strength of concrete beam sample tested at center point?
Answer: R = 3PL
2bd2
306. What is the size of the tamping rod used is sampling concrete?
Answer: 16 mm and 610 mm long with the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip of the same
as the rod.
307. Concrete masonry (hollow blocks) if subject to test, how many samples are required?
Answer: 6 pcs/10,000 units (12 pcs if more than 10,000 units)
308. What is the strength requirement for load bearing concrete masonry units?
48
Answer:
Individual = 5.5 MPa (800 psi) minimum
Average (for 3 samples) = 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) minimum
309. What is the strength requirement for non load bearing concrete masonry units?
Answer:
Individual = 3.45 MPa (500 psi) minimum
Average (for 3 samples) = 4.5 MPa (600 psi) minimum
49
325. How many times per layer should a concrete specimen molded in a 6 x 6 x 21 beam mold be rodded?
Answer: 63 blows/layer
326. Rolling of bituminous mix shall be discontinued whenever it begins to produce excessive _______ or
_______.
Answer: pulverizing of the aggregate, displacement of the mixture
327. In placing concrete, the required temperature should be less than ____
Answer: 29C
328. How many concrete cylinder samples is required for a 300 pcs RCCP?
Answer: 12 sets
329. If concrete cylinder is not available for a 300 pcs RCCP, how many pipes shall be subjected to test?
Answer: 6 pcs RCCP
330. If there is a necessity to add water to the concrete mix in order to increase its workability (provided concrete
does not excced specified slump), how many minutes after the initial time of mixing does adding water be
permitted?
Answer: not exceeding 45 minutes and that water cement ratio is not exceeded.
331. What are the two (2) types of bitumen that are commonly used in the bituminous mixture?
Answer:
TAR is a viscous liquid obtained from the distillation of coal or wood.
PETROLEUM ASPHALT are the products of the distillation of crude oil.
332. What are the three (3) major petroleum asphalts?
Answer: Asphalt cement, cut back asphalt, emulsified asphalt
333. What are the solvents of cut back asphalts?
Answer:
GASOLINE for rapid curing type
KEROSENE for medium curing type
DIESEL for slow curing type
334. Emulsified asphalts are either _____ or _____.
Answer:
CATIONIC EMULSION works better with wet aggregates and
in cold weather. It is
a positively charge electron.
ANIONIC EMULSION - adheres better to aggregates which have positive charge. It is a
negatively charge electron.
335. What is the bituminous material used in Item 310?
Answer: asphalt cement
336. What greatly affects the service of asphalt cement?
Answer: grade and quantity of asphalt
337. What influences primarily the grade of asphalt selected?
Answer: climatic condition
338. How many weeks do the producer of asphalt mix or the contractor shall submit the job mix formula?
Answer: three (3) weeks
339. Who will approve the job mix formula?
Answer: DPWH PE and ME
340. The job mix formula contains provisions the following:
Answer:
a. grading of aggregates
b. percentage and type of asphalt
c. temperature of aggregates and asphalt
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d.
341. When tar is used, what is the temperature that the mixture shall be placed?
Answer: 66C to 107C
342. When is the right time to compact in order to attain the required density?
Answer: when the mixture is still hot and workable
343. What is to be done in order to determine the number of passes that would attain the required density?
Answer: trial section
344. What needs to be controlled during the mixing and compaction and is of great significance in the strength of
the resulting pavement?
Answer: temperature
345. In Item 310, how is rolling be done?
Answer: It should begin from the sides and proceed longitudinally parallel towards the center line,
each trip overlapping one half the rollers width.
346. After the final rolling, what will be checked?
Answer: degree of compaction
347. The compacted pavement shall have a density equal to or greater than _____
Answer: 95% of the laboratory compacted density
348. When will the traffic be permitted to utilize the pavement?
Answer: when the pavement has cooled to atmospheric temperature
349. How do we take sample from the finish pavement?
Answer: by the use of core drill or saw
350. What is the allowable slump of a workable concrete if not vibrated?
Answer: 40 mm 75 mm
351. What is the allowable slump of a workable concrete if vibrated?
Answer: 10 mm 40 mm
352. When concrete is mixed in a central mixing plant, what is the time of mixing?
Answer: not less than 50 seconds or more than 90 seconds
353. In transporting concrete, what is the time elapsed from the time water is added to the mix until the concrete
is deposited in place at the site?
Answer: It shall not exceed 45 minutes if hauled in non agitating trucks and 90 minutes if hauled in
truck mixers or agitators
354. How is concrete consolidated?
Answer: by the use of vibrator inserted in the concrete vertically
355. If the lanes are concreted separately, what kind of joint in a form of a keyway is used?
Answer: longitudinal construction joint
356. What kind of bar is placed perpendicular to the joint stated in the preceding problem?
Answer: deformed steel tie bars
357. What is the depth of the weaken plane joint when sawed with a concrete saw?
Answer: not less than 50 mm
358. The width of the weaken plane joint is _____
Answer: not less than 6 mm
359. What shall be done if cracks appear at or near the joint prior to the time of sawing?
51
52
YIELD POINT
276 MPa
414 MPa
517 MPa
53
396. The condition of the soil to be tested in the laboratory compaction test is
Answer: air dried condition
397. The method in the determination of density of soil in place
Answer: Sand cone method
398. Air dry sand used in the density apparatus is passing
Answer: sieve No. 10 retained No. 200
399. Which of the following items does not need CBR?
Answer:
a. subbase materials
b. surfacing materials
c. base course materials
400. In abrasion test, the abrasive charge shall consist of cast iron spheres or steel spheres.
Answer:
GRADING A 12 spheres
GRADING B 11 spheres
GRADING C 8 spheres
GRADING D 6 spheres
401. In truck mixing, the minimum number of revolutions after all ingredients including water is in the drum is
Answer: 100 rpm
402. A maximum time of _____ shall be permitted for wet mixing, lay down and finishing when this method is
used (Item 206)
Answer: two (2) hours
403. Traffic shall be prohibited from traveling at the speeds in excess of _____ until the asphaltic material has
set.
Answer: 40 kph
404. Mortar shall be used within _____ after its preparation
Answer: 90 minutes
405. In placing concrete for slab, using buggies, the correct method that should be followed is
Answer: concrete should be dumped into the face of the previously placed concrete.
406. There is a failure of flexural strength in the pavement, if you are the ME of your firm, what will you
recommend?
Answer: conduct recoring
407. When loads have been arriving at the spreader with the material peaked or doomed up and a load suddenly
appears in which the material lies flat, it indicates
Answer: excessive asphalt
408. Where and when was the first use of Portland cement?
Answer: Bellafontaine, Ohio (1893)
409. The curve in the logarithmic scale where the 25 th blow is projected in order to determine the liquid limit of
the soil.
Answer: Flow curve
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55
431. It is used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture of the degree of compaction of the asphalt pavement.
Answer: Bulk specific gravity of compacted bituminous mixtures using saturated surface dry specimens.
432. The solvent in the extraction of bitumen.
Answer: gasoline
433. The percent of bitumen is computed based on
Answer: mass of dry aggregates
434. The method used to determine the grading of aggregate extracted from bituminous mixture.
Answer: Mechanical analysis of extracted aggregates
435. A device used to determine the relative hardness of asphalt.
Answer: penetrometer
436. Volatization test which measures the relative proportion of asphalt to oil.
Answer: Distillation
437. The measurement wherein the asphalt begins to melt.
Answer: Softening point
438. The Index of Retained Strength (IRS) is computed through the formula
Answer: (Wet Stability/Dry Stability) x 100%
439. The temperature requirement in initial rolling for Item 310.
Answer: 200F to 225F
440. What is the color of asphalt when it is overcooked?
Answer: yellowish brown
441. How many gradation ranges for Hot Plant Mix bituminous pavement are there in the blue book?
Answer: seven (7)
442. How many gradation ranges for Cold Plant Mix bituminous pavement are there in the blue book?
Answer: two (2)
443. The cored sample of asphalt pavement is measured at
Answer: approximately quarter points
444. Too much asphalt in the bituminous mixes causes
Answer: bleeding
445. What is the plasticity index of mineral filler?
Answer: not greater than 4
446. The wearing away of pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregate particle.
Answer: raveling
447. The interconnected cracks forming a series of small blocks resembling an alligators skin or chicken wire.
Answer: alligator cracking
448. It is prescribed in each project based on estimated quantities and specifies the kind and number of test of each item of
work.
Answer: Minimum Testing Requirements
449. If the coarse aggregates are subjected to five cycles of sodium sulfate soundness test, the weighted loss shall not exceed
Answer: 10 mass %
450. If the fine aggregates are subjected to five cycles of sodium sulfate soundness test, the weighted loss shall not exceed
Answer: 12 mass %
451. Additives used in concrete mixing.
Answer: admixtures
452. The test that determines the resistance of aggregates to disintegration by saturated solutions of sodium sulfate or
magnesium sulfate.
Answer: Soundness test
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470. The type of additive that is used to attain maximum early compressive strength of concrete.
Answer: accelerator
471. The best enemy of construction.
Answer: water
472. The following are considered unsuitable materials:
Answer:
a. Materials containing detrimental quantities of organic materials such as grass, roots and sewage
b. Highly organic soils such as peat and muck
c.
Soils with LL exceeding 80% and/or PL exceeding 55%
d. Soils with a natural moisture content exceeding 100%
e.
Soils with very low natural density, 800kg/m3
f.
Soils that cannot be properly compacted as determined by the engineer
473. What is the spec of mass % passing in sieve No. 200, grading A for aggregate base course?
Answer: 0 12%
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timber.
479. All grout shall pass through a screen with a _____ maximum clear opening.
Answer: 2mm
480. The allowable height of fall in driving piles to avoid injury using gravity hammer.
Answer: 2.5m 3.5 (concrete)
4.5m (timber)
481. This increases the shearing strength of aggregates of any size, shape and gradation.
Answer: Compaction
482. In general, soils high value of this and plasticity index are poor as engineering materials.
Answer: liquid limit of fines
483. The recommended thickness of Hot Mix asphalt overlay depending on the expected traffic and the modulus of the
cracked and seated pavement section.
Answer: 3 to 5
484. Stabilization and under sealing are recommended if the mean deflection is ____ or the differential deflection is ____.
Answer: greater than 0.14, greater than 0.002
485. Super plasticizers can reduce the water content by _____ and increase the 24 hour strength by _____.
Answer: 25% to 35%, 50% to 70%
486. Loose material is removed from all joints, cracks and areas that have previously patched by asphalt by _____ with
nominal _____ air pressure.
Answer: power sweeping and air blowing, 100 psi
487. Admixtures which can help incorporate a controlled amount of air on the form moist in concrete during mixing without
significantly altering the setting or the rate of characteristic of concrete.
Answer: air entraining admixtures
488. It is the activity of monitoring planned scheduled against actual and by speed task to make up for the past or future loss
of time.
Answer: Delivery control
489. Bowl shaped holes of various sizes in the pavement surface.
` Answer: potholes
490. A form of plastic movement typified by ripples (surface waves) across the pavement.
Answer: corrugation
491. A form of plastic movement resulting in localized bulging of the pavement.
Answer: shoving
492. Longitudinal surface depression in the wheel paths.
Answer: rutting
492. It is the chief load bearing of gravel road?
Answer: base or subbase course
493. The maximum distance of the discharge point from the point of deposit by pneumatic means.
Answer: 3 meters
494. It reduces the vertical compressive stress induced by traffic in the subbase and subgrade.
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59
Answer: Cordoning
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539. Which of the following is not the responsibility of the Materials Engineer?
Answer:
a.
sampling of material
b. analysis of test result of material
c.
scheduling of delivery of materials
d. design of concrete mix
540. Measure of construction materials for concrete structure shall be
Answer: volume
541. The moisture density curve if different from each soil. Which of the ff statement is true?
Answer:
a. granular, well graded soil generally have fairly high maximum density at low optimum moisture
content
b. clay soil have lower densities at OMC than granular, well graded soil
c.
granular, well graded soil have greater densities than uniform soil at OMC
d. none of the above
542. What should be done on the subbase course with existing moisture content of 10% higher than the optimum moisture
content?
Answer: dry out to reduce moisture, spread to the required thickness and compact
543. The DPWH specs provide _____ tolerance for asphalt pavement thickness
Answer: - 5mm
544. Geosynthetics may be used for
Answer: filtration or drainage, reinforcement, erosion control
545. Which of the ff. is not included in determining moisture content?
Answer:
a.
beam balance
b. oven
c.
moisture can
d. extruder
546. Steel bars are considered undersize if
Answer: its nominal diameter as determined by caliper doesnt meet the manufactured size
547. Samples of aggregates for base course when tested for quality the requirements
except grading. What will you recommend?
Answer: reprocess the materials by blending
548. Concrete curing refers to
Answer: procedure done to maximize concrete strength
549. What is the most inferior type of soil as to its engineering properties?
Answer: organic
550. What is the testing soil that involves the application of energy and addition of water as lubricant?
Answer: Moisture Density relation test
551. The dividing line between gravel and sand in concrete pavement is
Answer: No. 10
552. What is the volume of the mold using 6 for AASHTO T 180 D method in compaction test?
Answer: 0.002124 m3
553. A material resulting from the disintegration, grinding or crushing of rock and which will pass 2.00mm sieve and be
retained on the 0.075mm sieve
Answer: sand
554. What is ASTM?
Answer: American Society for Testing & Materials
555. What is AASHTO?
Answer: American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials
556. DPWH thru Bureau of Research & Standards has prepared a revised laboratory
testing procedure manual, in order to have be consistent with the latest methods as prescribed under
Answer: ASTM & AASHTO
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557. What is the category of contractor that are required by DPWH to have laboratory equipments or apparatus in pre
bidding qualifications?
Answer: large
558. What is the maximum size of aggregate used in Item 104?
Answer: of the thickness
559. What kind of material that passes .001mm sieve?
Answer: colloids
560. In soaking sample for CBR, the water should at least _____ above the specimen
Answer: 25mm
561. A natural or prepared mixture consisting predominantly of stone, gravel or sand and containing silt clay materials
Answer: soil aggregates
562. A rock fragment usually rounded or semi rounded with an average dimension between 75mm 305mm
Answer: boulders
563. The process of cutting the branches around a tree on the roadside to make them denser and grow straight.
Answer: Pruning
564. The road near or abutting a bridge.
Answer: Approach
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Answer: the material shall be deposited on the fill and push over the end of the fill by means of bulldozer. This
method is only applicable to fill 1.2 m in depth. It shall not be placed within 600 mm of the other grade
578. What is Hydraulic Fill Method Embankment?
Answer: the material shall be taken from borrow locations and shall be deposited so as to form the grade and
cross section and shall be thoroughly compacted
579. What is the principal factor used in determining the thickness of the pavement?
Answer: STRENGTH OF SUBGRADE (deterioration due to frustration move also be considered)
580. What is Placing and Removing Surcharge Method Embankment?
Answer: were unsuitable material is present under the embankment corrective work consists of placing a
surcharge constructed to the full width of the road bed. The surcharge shall remain in place until the
embankment has reached stability or the required settlement
581. What is Hydraulic Construction Method Embankment?
Answer: this involves the introduction of water into the embankment to accelerate consideration
582. Mixture of fine grained aggregates, bituminous binder and water for surface sealing
Answer: slurry seal (bituminous slurry)
583. What is the formula for percentage of wear?
Answer:
Percentage of wear, % = (orig wt. wt. retained @ sieve # 12) x 100
original wt.
584. Free bitumen on the surface of the pavement which creates a shiny, glass like reflecting surface that usually becomes
quite sticky
Answer: bleeding
585. Occurring usually at the transverse cracks joint caused by excessive expansion of the slabs during hot weather
Answer: buckling
586. The splitting of concrete surface material from the concrete pavement
Answer: crushing
587. The authorized hauling of materials in excess of the of the free haul distance
Answer: Overhaul
588. If slurry (wet) lime is employed, what is the typical slurry ratio?
Answer: 1 tonne lime : 2 cubic meter of water
589. What is the amount of cement to be added to the soil aggregates in Item 204?
Answer: 6 10 mass % of the dry soil
590. Who is the father of Soil Mechanics?
Answer: Dr. Karl Terzhagi
591. What is quality?
Answer: It the degree of excellence
592. What is control?
Answer: Is to regulate
593. What is quality control?
Answer: It is conformance to requirements
594. What is assurance?
Answer: it the degree of certainty
595. What are the two kinds of control activities?
Answer: Inspection and Testing
596. What is the minimum distance of water table from subgrade level?
Answer: 4 5 feet
597. What is the process of combining two or more soil in suitable properties to produce good grading on gravel, sand, silt
and clay?
Answer: Mechanic Stabilization
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598. What is the common material employed in stabilizing the moisture content of soil or liquid and hydroscope in nature? It
is an aid in the compaction process by slowing the rate of evaporation of moisture from the soil
Answer: Calcium chloride or rock salt
599. When do clay and granular soils become unstable?
Answer: Clay soil becomes unstable if moisture content increases. Granular material becomes unstable if it has
dried
600. Why do liquid asphalt was introduced in road construction aside from asphalt cement?
Answer: It was introduced in order to save heating costs and from convenience in road mixing or priming
601. The theory of concrete design mix is to
Answer: Optimize aggregate packing and optimizes properties of cement mortar
602. To optimize the properties of the cement mortar, one has to depend on
Answer: cement type, cement content and water content
603. What type of cement is the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)?
Answer: Type I
604. What type of cement is the Moderate Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement?
Answer: Type II
605. What type of cement is the Rapid Hardening Portland Cement?
Answer: Type III
606. What type of cement is the Low Heat Portland Cement?
Answer: Type IV
607. What type of cement is the High Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement?
Answer: Type V
608. What type of cement is the Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement?
Answer: Type 1S
609. What type of cement is the Portland Pozzolan Cement?
Answer: Type 1P
610. Type I is for general use such as
Answer: pavements & sidewalks, buildings & bridges and tanks & water pipes
611. Type III cement is used for
Answer: early stripping of forms & high early strength
612. Type IV is used for
Answer: massive structures such as dams
613. Type V cement is used for
Answer: when sulphate content of groundwater is very high
614. The inventor of Portland cement was
Answer: Joseph Aspdin
615. Portland cement is composed of blended materials containing
Answer: calcium, alumina, iron and silica
616. The simple recipe of Portland cement is
Answer: 2 parts of crushed limestone, 1 part clay/pulverized shale, 1 pinch of iron ore, then 1 pinch of gypsum
added to clinker
617. Pozzolan cement is composed of a raw material called
Answer: volcanic earth
618. The 75% compressive strength of Portland cement is composed of
Answer: C3S and C2S
619. The 25% setting time of Portland cement is controlled by
Answer: C3A and C4AF
620. When water is added to Portland cement, _____ process is developed
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Answer: hydration
621. Calcium Silicate Gel (CSH) and lime [Ca(OH)2] are developed when _____ is added to Portland cement
Answer: water
622. When Portland cement contains a low C3A, it means
Answer: the setting time is larger
623. Surplus lime [Ca(OH)2] in Portland cement when mixed with water takes care of the concretes
Answer: alkalinity
624. Coarse aggregates can be taken from
Answer: crushed rock, slags and river gravel
625. The water required for concrete mix should be
Answer: fresh water
626. Sea water is deleterious to concrete mix unless on admixture is added because it contains
Answer: chloride
627. The entrapped air in concrete is
Answer: accidental and unwanted
628. The entrained air in concrete is
Answer: deliberate and desirable
629. We use aggregate in concrete as
Answer: filler materials in concrete
630. Aggregates are important in concrete because they strongly influence:
Answer: the properties of concrete, its mix proportion and its economy
631. Which of the following is not deleterious material to concrete?
Answer:
a. calcium
b. chloride
c.
coal
d. sulphate
632. Over sanded and under sanded mixture require more water to be workable, but
sacrifice in
Answer: strength
633. Concrete in the area represented by the cores will be considered adequate if the average strength of the cores is equal to
or at least _____ of the specified strength, fc and no single core is less than _____
Answer: 85% of fc, 75% of fc
634. Fine aggregate shall be rejected when it fails in the _____ for organic impurities
Answer: Colormatic Test
635. Portland cement may be/shall be rejected if:
Answer: it has partially set, it contains lumps of cake cement and it comes from a discarded or used bag
636. A measurement of the coarseness or fineness of aggregates
Answer: fineness modulus
637. An excess water needed for absorption of coarse aggregates
Answer: free water
638. What do you mean by SSD?
Answer: Saturated Surface Dry
639. A general term relating to the character of a mix with respect to its fluidity
Answer: consistency
640. More silt and clay content to fine aggregates is
Answer: objectionable
641. Type A admixture is classified by ASTM C494 as
Answer: Water reducing admixture
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642. For core specimens, each lot will be divided into how many equal segments?
Answer: five (5)
643. The unit pressure greater than which progressive settlement occur leading to failure
Answer: bearing capacity
644. The recommended thickness of hot mixed asphalt overlay
Answer: 2
645. In the test to determine the moisture content of samples, the beam balance should be sensitive up to
Answer: 0.1g
646. If a sample can not be weighed within the prescribed time after being removed from the oven, it will placed inside a
Answer: dessicator
647. Plastic and finely grain soil will require at least how many hours to dry ay constant weight/mass
Answer: 4 hours
648. A sample may be cooled at room humidity and must be weighed after it has been removed from the oven within
Answer: 1 hour
649. Drying the material sample in the oven to constant weight at a prescribe temperature; the drying time depends on the
kind of soil and size of sample. A 25-gram sample of sandy material will be dried in about
Answer: 2 hours
650. Test conducted for buildings 3 storeys and above
Answer: Boring Test
651. A test to determine the moisture content of soil
Answer: calcium tri chloride
652. The aggregate crushing value of strong aggregate is
Answer: low
653. The kind of asphalt used in overlaying seated pavement
Answer: hot mix asphalt
654. The minimum width of paved sidewalk
Answer: 1.5 m
655. The limit of water cement ratio of concrete
Answer: 0.50 0.60
656. A cement which has a cementitious effect
Answer: Portland cement
657. A concrete where compression is induced before the application of working load so that tension under these loads is
reduced
Answer: Pre stressing
658. What laboratory test is used in determining the phosphorus content of steel materials?
Answer: Phospho - molydate
659. What chemical property in the composition of steel material that will cause brittleness or cold shortness when its content
goes beyond 0.05% to 0.10%
Answer: phosphorous
660. Base or sub base is extended beyond each edge of proposed concrete pavement
Answer: 0.60 m
661. If you want to adjust the slump and the air content, how do you it?
Answer:
10 mm slump = 2 kg/m3 from (water)
air entrapment = 3 kg/ m3 of average (water)
662. In non entrained concrete, what is the range of % air entrained?
Answer: 3% - 0.2% (small bigger aggregates)
663. In air entrained concrete, what is the range of % air entrained?
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667. When cement is in contact with moist aggregates, batch made by mix will be disallowed beyond ____
Answer: 1 hours
668. How many hours should an aggregate be washed and stockpiled before batching starts?
Answer: 12 hours prior to batching shall be stockpiled or binned for draining
669. When will truck mixing start?
Answer: mixing shall begin within 30 minutes upon cement has due added
15 minutes when wet aggregates is used, as 32C temperature is present
670. Concrete delivered by agitation of truck mixer must be discharged within 1 hour or 250 revolutions of the drum or loader.
Why?
Answer: to avoid over mixing and initial setting of concrete
671. In final computation of concrete in road to be paid, what is the maximum size of pipe that is negligible in the volume
computation?
Answer: pipes with of 4 or less
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