Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Name:
Class:
Contents
4
30
Orchestral families
31
Song Analysis
32
Song Analysis
Tone colour
33
34
10
37
Mood
11
39
12
42
Instrument identification
14
44
16
45
17
Synonyms
48
Find-a-word
18
Adjectives
50
Find-a-word
19
Antonyms
52
Crossword
20
Mood
54
21
Orchestral timbre
55
Definitions
23
Soundscapes
25
Instrument categories
26
Hornbostel-Sachs - Instrument
categories
27
Guitar
Listen to the following aural examples. List the sound and write a brief description of how that sound is made.
Sound
Description
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
4 - Instruments
String:
Woodwind:
Brass:
What instruments do you find in an orchestra? Complete the different categories below.
Orchestral families
Percussion
6 - Instruments
Tone colour
Tone colour is the concept of music associated with describing sounds and mood in music.
Tone Colour
Techniques
Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is a synonym?
5.
6.
Referring to the diagram above, what are the six elements of tone colour?
Galettis, H. 2009. Musical concepts : music 1 aural skills preliminary and HSC course. 1st ed. Jacandra Plus.
Instruments - 7
Orchestras have four sections: strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion. The classical orchestra consisted of the following instruments:
French horns
Double basses
Woodwinds:
2 Flutes
2 Oboes
2 Clarinets
2 Bassoons
2nd violins
Brass:
2 French horns
2 Trumpets
Percussions:
2 Timpani
1st violins
8 - Instruments
Timpani
Flutes
Clarinets Bassoons
Oboes
Trumpets
Violas
Cellos
Conductor
Copyright S. Forrester - 2012
Double basses
Instruments - 9
Questions
1. How many different instruments form the string section of an orchestra?
2. List the instruments of the
string family in order of
size.
3. Do the ranges of the
instruments of the string
family overlap?
4. How is the violin and viola
played?
5. How is the cello held
when played?
6. What are the two methods
that are used to create
sound on the instruments
10 - Instruments
Doublebass
Cello
Viola
Violin
String instruments of the orchestra
Copyright S. Forrester - 2012
Xylophone
Cymbals
Conga
Tambourine
Timpani
Gong
Bongo drums
Bass drum
Instruments - 11
12 - Instruments
Piccolo
Flute
Clarinet
Copyright S. Forrester - 2012
Oboe
Copyright S. Forrester - 2012
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
on a woodwind instrument?
Are woodwind instruments exclusively made
from wood?
What materials can
woodwind instruments be
made from?
In the past, what materials
have flutes been made
from?
What are modern flutes
made from?
Woodwind instruments
have two sub-groupings,
Saxophone
Bassoon
Instruments - 13
Trumpet
These instruments can be
made of wood, like the
alphorn, the cornett, the serpent and the didgeridoo..
Modern brass instruments
generally come in one of
two sub-groupings: valved
brass instruments and slide
brass instruments.
Valved brass instruments
use a set of valves (typically
three or four but as many as
seven or more in some cases) operated by the players
Trombone
14 - Instruments
French horn
6. What are the two subgroupings that brass
instruments are divided
into?
7. What are valves? What
do they do?
Tuba
Instruments - 15
flutter-tonguing
raucous
fuzzy
reedy
gruff
resonant
harmonic
rich
harsh
ringing
haunting
rough
high-pitched
rumbling
airy
hollow
rustic
animated
jingling
sad
bending
light
scraping
booming
lush
screechy
brassy
majestic
shaken
breathy
melancholy
shimmering
bright
mellow
shrill
brilliant
metallic
slithery
buzzing
muddy
smooth
clear
muffled
solemn
clicking
muted
sombre
coarse
nasal
sonorous
comical
percussive
strong
dark
piercing
sweet
deep
pizzicato
thin
distorted
plucked
tinkling
dramatic
powerful
velvety
eerie
pure
vibrating
fiery
rattling
warm
16 - Instruments
Instruments - 17
Hollow
Strong
Coarse
Dark
Sharp
Hot
Happy
Synonyms
Sweet
Excited
Thick
Sad
Warm
Scared
Smooth
Adjectives
18 - Instruments
Instruments - 19
Hollow
Strong
Light
Bright
Sharp
Hot
Clear
Antonyms
Sweet
Excited
Thick
Sad
Warm
Scary
Smooth
Mood
20 - Instruments
Orchestral timbre
Activity
1. Alto saxophone
2. Double bass
3. Bass clarinet
4. Bassoon
5. Celeste
6. Cello
7. Clarinet
8. Contrabassoon
9. Cymbals
10. Cor Anglais
11. Flute
12. French horn
13. Harp
Instruments - 21
Activity continued
14. Harpsichord
15. Oboe
16. Organ
17. Piano
18. Piccolo
19. Snare drum
20. Soprano Saxophone
21. Tenor Saxophone
22. Timpani
23. Trombone
24. Trumpet
25. Tuba
26. Viola
27. Violin
28. Xylophone
22 - Instruments
Soundscapes
Soundscapes are part of our everyday world.
Questions
1. What is a soundscape?
2. What sounds would you
consider to be naturally
occurring environmental
sounds? Give 5 examples.
3. Give examples of five
different soundscapes.
4. Can a soundscape be
composed by a composer?
5. What might a composer
create a soundscape for?
Activity
You have been asked to create a soundscape for a horror movie, The haunted house.
Using the sound effects on the keyboard create a soundscape and narration of a horror scene for this movie. Your soundscape is to be no longer than two minutes. Follow
the steps bellow to create your soundscape.
Steps
1. Find the available sounds on the keyboard and write down the sound-bank
number and the key for that sound.
Sound description
Example - Screaming
Soundbank
119
Note
C2
Instruments - 23
Sound description
Soundbank
Note
2.
3.
4.
24 - Instruments
Instrument categories
Curt Sachs and Erich Hornbostel created the modern way that instruments are categorised.
Chordophones
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Idiophones
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Membranophones
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Electrophones
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Instruments - 25
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
Chordophone:
2.
1.
Aerophone:
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
Electrophone:
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
Idiophone:
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
Membranophone:
Guitar
The guitar is one of the most popular instruments in the world.
Headstock
Bridge
Tuners
Volume control
Pick-ups
Input jack
Toggle switch
Fretboard
Instruments - 27
Sound hole
Frets
Tuners
Soundboard
Bridge
Pick guard
28 - Instruments
Instruments - 29
30 - Instruments
Song Analysis
Song name:
Yes
No
Male
Female
Choose words that you think best describe the singers voice: (Circle)
Warm
Harsh
Rough
Sweet
Thin
Gravelly
Rich
Stressed
Nasal
Strong
Weak
Clear
Yes
No
Yes
No
Can you identify the use of sound effects on any of the instruments?
Instruments - 31
Song Analysis
Song name:
Yes
No
Male
Female
Choose words that you think best describe the singers voice: (Circle)
Warm
Harsh
Rough
Sweet
Thin
Gravelly
Rich
Stressed
Nasal
Strong
Weak
Clear
Yes
No
Yes
No
Can you identify the use of sound effects on any of the instruments?
32 - Instruments
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
1.
Hit:
Blow:
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
Scrape:
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
Pluck:
C
H
P
E
34 - Instruments
G
Copyright S. Forrester - 2012
B
F
C
O
R
S
Copyright S. Forrester - 2012
Instruments - 35
T
F
T
T
E
S
36 - Instruments
Mood
Piece
desired effects.
Below are some words to
describe the musical effect
that composers may develop in their music through
tone colours.
adventurous
aggressive
calm
energetic
euphoric
exciting
futuristic
happy
majestic
melancholic
mellow
sad
scary
sombre
spiritual
stimulating
tense
uplifting
Mood
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Instruments - 37
9.
Piece
Mood
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
38 - Instruments
Questions
1. What country was Sergei Prokofiev from?
Instrument
Instrument family
Bird: flute
Duck: oboe
Cat: clarinet
Grandfather: bassoon
Wolf: 3 French horns
Hunters (gunshots): timpani
and bass drum
Peter : string instruments
Walt Disney produced an
animated version of the work
in 1946. This version makes several changes to the original
story:
In 2006, Suzie Templeton
directed a modernised, stopmotion animated adaptation, Peter and the Wolf. This
interpretation did not feature
the narration, only music and
periods of silence.
Instruments - 39
Instrument
Instrument family
6. Why do you think that Prokofiev chose the particular instruments for his composition?
7. Describe the theme of each character and the tone colour of the instrument used to
represent this character.
40 - Instruments
8. Write a synopsis of Peter and the Wolf. Outline how each character is introduced and
describe each characters theme
Instruments - 41
42 - Instruments
Instruments
Instrument type
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Description of timbre
Song
Instrument identification
Instruments - 43
Instruments
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Instrument type
Description of timbre
Song
44 - Instruments
Instrument
Country of origin
Accordion
Germany
Bagpipe
Scotland
Bandonen
Argentina
Bodhrn
Ireland
Bouzouki
Greece
Cajn
Peru
Caxixi
Western Africa
Conga
Cuba
Cretan Lyra
Crete
Cuatro
Puerto Rico
Damaru
India
Digeridoo
Australia
Guqin
China
Hurdy-Gurdy
Hungary
Kalimba
Africa
Karnay
Uzbekistan
Lyre
Greece
Mandolin
Italy
Marimba
Mexico
Nose flute
Polynesia
Oud
Iraq
Saxophone
Belgium
Shamisen
Japan
Sitar
India
Tabla
India
Talking drum
Western Africa
Tres
Cuba
Yangqin
China
Copyright S. Forrester - 2012
Diagram 2
Amplitude
(volume)
Frequency
(pitch)
1 second
Questions
1. How does sound start?
2. What are the five methods used to produce sound?
3. Draw a diagram that shows the process of how sound is created through to the point
that it is heard by a human ear?
4. Does the thickness of the strings on an instrument determine the pitch that is produced
by these strings? How?
5. Explain the unit of measurement, Hertz.
6. Draw a Sine wave.
7. What does the height of a soundwave determine?
8. What does the length of a soundwave determine?
9. What is the range that the human ear can hear?
A sound is created
Diagram 1
(Frequency)
Low
G#/
Ab
C#/
Db
4x
A#/
Bb
2x
Pitch
F#/
Gb
(Frequency)
D#/
Eb
(Frequency)
C#/
Db
8x
(Frequency)
High
In music the frequency and pitch of a note doubles every octave (8 notes).
Diagram 3
Find-a-word
ACOUSTIC
KEYBOARD
AEROPHONE
MANDOLIN
AMPLIFIER
MEMBRANOPHONE
BANJO
METAL
BASSOON
OBOE
BLOWING
OUD
BONGO
PERCUSSION
BRASS
PLUCKING
CELLO
SAXOPHONE
CHOIR
SCRAPING
CHORDOPHONE
SHAKE
CLARINET
SHAKING
CLAVE
SITAR
CONGA
SKIN
CONTRABASSOON
STRINGS
CYMBAL
SYNTHESISED
DJEMBE
TAMBOURINE
DOUBLE BASS
TIMPANI
EFFECTS
TONE COLOUR
ELECTRONIC
UKULELE
ELECTROPHONE
VIOLA
GUIRO
VIOLIN
GUITAR
VOICE
HARP
WOOD
HITTING
WOODWINDS
IDIOPHONE
XYLOPHONE
O M O
W O
W C
O M
O M
Find-a-word
ACCORDION
GUQIN
BAGPIPE
HARP
BANDONEN
HURDY-GURDY
BANJO
KALIMBA
BASSOON
KARNAY
BLOWING
KEYBOARD
BODHRN
LYRE
BONGO
MANDOLIN
BOUZOUKI
MARIMBA
BRASS
METAL
CAJN
NOSE FLUTE
CAXIXI
OBOE
CELLO
OUD
CHOIR
SAXOPHONE
CLARINET
SHAMISEN
CLAVE
SITAR
CONGA
SYNTHESISER
CONTRABASSOON
TABLA
CRETAN LYRA
TALKING DRUM
CUATRO
TAMBOURINE
CYMBALS
TIMPANI
DAMARU
TRES
DIDGERIDOO
UKULELE
DJEMBE
VIOLA
DOUBLE BASS
VIOLIN
GUIRO
XYLOPHONE
GUITAR
YANGQIN
50 - Instruments
O W
W O
M G
G M
O W
O W
M O
M O
Instruments - 51
Crossword
ACROSS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
52 - Instruments
DOWN
1.
10
10
Instruments - 53
54 - Instruments
Definitions
Tone Colour:
Orchestra:
Aerophone:
Chordophone:
Electrophone:
Idiophone:
Membranophone:
Graphical notation:
Performing media:
Instruments - 55