UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW

Assignment 4
Name- Zeeshan Ahmed
Roll no.- 30
Subject- Managerial Skill Development
Class- M.B.A Ist sem
Section- B
Submitted to- Mr. Rajeev Saxena Sir

Assignment 4
Ques - How does effective
communication lower the threshold
achieving objectives gradually
towards the polarization of the
universal system ?

Ans - Effective communication occurs when a

desired effect is the result of intentional or
unintentional information sharing, which is
interpreted between multiple entities and acted on
in a desired way. This effect also ensures that
messages are not distorted during the
communication process. Effective communication
should generate the desired effect and maintain
the effect ,with the potential to increase the effect
of the message. Therefore, effective
communication serves the purpose for which it was
planned or designed.
Barriers to effective communication can retard or
distort the message and intention of the message
being conveyed which may result in failure of the
communication process or an effect that is
undesirable.

There are several techniques to determine the

lower threshold objectives of effective
communication barriers. These are as follows :
Growth- Personal Growth and development is
all about self improvement by undertaking
activities that improve your self awareness and
improves your individual identity.
Personal Growth:
In it's simplest form, personal growth refers to
the skills and tools used to increase levels of
self awareness,happiness,success in life.
some guidelines for personal growth
include:
Taking Control - You have to take responsibility
and control for how you live your life.
Discovering yourself - Find out what your
strengths and also what your weaknesses are.
Increase your self awareness.
Changing habits - Be prepared to change bad
habits.
Intention - communicating with an honest in
true intention.
Empathy - the ability to be empathic or
experience the feelings of others. Truly
empathic exchanges can provide new insights
vital for personal growth.

Confidence - the ability to rely upon yourself, to

own all that you know and all that you don't.
The confident person says "Tell me more".
Patience - It takes time to develop effective
communication just as it takes to develop
personal growth. It takes courage handling
difficult or higher risk conversations.
Self Awareness- By becoming more self aware,
you are able to design a life in which is of value
to you.
Happiness- personal growth results in
happiness because you begin to understand
that YOU are the creator of your own reality.
Physiology- Physiology incudes our
gestures,momvements,expressions,way of
talking and every physical stage moments.
Physiology is the impact of two types of
empathy on the user could be implemented. In
the positive empathic version, the character
displays happiness if the user is detected to be
in happy or relaxed affective state. In the
negative empathic version, on the other hand,
the character will display e.g. gloating joy if the
user is recognized to be negatively aroused. In
both cases, the character will also display selfcentered emotions, such as being happy about
its own successful game move. As control

conditions, the character will either display

only self-centered emotions or no emotions at
all.
Development- In effective communication,
development requires encourage, empathy and
many other skills. Offer words and actions of
encouragement, as well as praise, to others. Make
other people feel welcome, wanted, valued and
appreciated in your communications. If you let others
know that they are valued, they are much more likely
to give you their best. Try to ensure that everyone
involved in an interaction or communication is
included through effective body language and the use
of open questions.
Empathise-Empathy is trying to see things from the
point-of-view of others. When communicating with
others, try not to be judgemental or biased by
preconceived ideas or beliefs - instead view situations
and responses from the other persons perspective.
Stay in tune with your own emotions to help enable
you to understand the emotions of others.

If appropriate, offer your personal viewpoint clearly and

honestly to avoid confusion. Bear in mind that some
subjects might be taboo or too emotionally stressful for
others to discuss.

Attempt to Resolve Conflict-Learn to

troubleshoot and resolve problems and conflicts as
they arise. Learn how to be an effective mediator
and negotiator. Use your listening skills to hear
and understand both sides of any argument encourage and facilitate people to talk to each
other. Try not to be biased or judgemental but
instead ease the way for conflict resolution.
Use Humour-Laughing releases endorphins that can help
relieve stress and anxiety; most people like to laugh and
will feel drawn to somebody who can make them
laugh. Dont be afraid to be funny or clever, but do ensure
your humour is appropriate to the situation. Use your
sense of humour to break the ice, to lower barriers and

gain the affection of others. By using appropriate humour

you will be perceived as more charismatic.
Treat People Equally-Always aim to communicate on an
equal basis and avoid patronising people. Do not talk
about others behind their backs and try not to develop
favourites: by treating people as your equal and also equal
to each other you will build trust and respect.
Maintain a Positive Attitude and Smile-Few people want
to be around someone who is frequently miserable. Do
your best to be friendly, upbeat and positive with other
people. Maintain a positive, cheerful attitude to life: when
things do not go to plan, stay optimistic and learn from
your mistakes.
Effective decision making- For effective
communication,the decision making process is
most important because it affects the all
process of interacting. It is mainly create a type
of boundaries for communication. Boundaries
are the basis of all good communication. No
matter what else is going on, if we do not
protect our boundaries and respect those of

others, then communication has more to do

with manipulation or even verbal warfare than
true communication. Communication for
human beings is food for the soul but so often
communication with others tends to be
draining rather than energising. This is most
often due to the question of boundaries.
Basic to respect for boundaries is a respect for our
right to make our own choices. If our perception
of ourself is so weak that we need others to agree
with our position then we are going to find things
difficult. We will tend to be either a passive person
acting as a doormat or an over aggressive attack
on their right to autonomy and it is surprisingly
used today in many situations where it should most
certainly not be. It has been known, for instance,
for some counsellors to give advice when giving
advice is the very last thing any good counsellor
would do. There are also many people who seem
to want someone one, angrily believing that people
who do not think the same as us, are in some way
inferior or wrong. Boundaries are crossed when
someone believes they can see through another
person. Boundaries are crossed when anyone tries
to manipulate another person decision making
process and boundaries are crossed if ever
someone tries to make decisions for another.
Meditation can be very helpful for many people. It
may be that here there is some need to be careful

to choose whether you add anything to your

meditation. Some people nowadays are
complaining that meditation is a kind of cult
activity making people go into trance states. This
is certainly not the essence of meditation and
possibly comes about when meditation is used
within a particular framework. A particular sect or
community may have a certain way of meditating
which emphasises their beliefs for instance.
Meditation, when done simply as meditation
improves concentration, allows a person to be
more focused, more in touch with their own reality,
to be active in the present with an increased sense
of aliveness. It is not for everyone but can be a
great help in staying in touch with yourself when
dealing with the demands of every day life. John
Kabat-Zimm, although himself a Buddhist, has
some excellent books and tapes on meditation
without religion - Mindfulness Meditation comes to
mind. He simply gets people to focus on the now,
experiencing the now, not trying to change it. You
may be surprised at how little you actually do
experience the now and also at what a good feeling
it is to do so, regardless of what is arising.
Another excellent way for grounding yourself and
finding out how you really feel is Focusing . This
teaches you how to work on yourself along the
lines that research found the people who grew
most from therapy worked on themselves. Again it

is a totally non intrusive way of helping you to find

your own inner resources and autonomy.
Once you are in touch with that you will find you
can think for yourself and almost certainly you will
start to notice that you have a free spirit! From
this place, experiencing your own uniqueness you
will no longer need or wish for others to think and
feel the same as you. Life would after all be boring
if we were all the same. Knowing yourself, you will
respect the uniqueness that is another person.
Obviously it will not all be that easy as there are
many people around who do not have access to
their inner self and unfortunately they will still wish
to control you in order that they may feel secure.
Boundaries are our own special space which we
need around us to protect our identity and
integrity. We can work on ourselves till the cows
come home but if our boundaries are not well
protected, then as a person becomes more open
they can find the emotion turmoil as others
overstep their boundaries even harder to endure.

Materialism- Materalism includes the

Communication and understanding
between people, epochs and cultures. From
the very beginning human beings have
been involved in social contexts of different

degrees of complexity and they remain so,

because this is the setting for both their
labour and leisure, even when they think of
themselves as isolated. Endless invisible
threads link them with the life of the
socium. The whole essence of the human
being, including his consciousness, is
communicative by its very nature. And this
ability defines the essence of
consciousness and also its vehicles, the
individual and society. People are
constantly afloat in an atmosphere of
communication. They are eager to say
something to each other, to learn or teach,
to show or prove, to agree or reject, to ask
or order, console, implore, show affection,
and so on. Communication arose and
developed with the rise of man and the
formation of society in the process of
labour. From the very first communication

was a part of labour activity and satisfied

its needs. As time went on, it was
transformed into a relatively independent
need to share, to pour out one's soul,
either in grief or joy, or for no particular
reason, a need that recurred day after day
and was of vital moral and psychological
importance to the individual.
Communication is such a vital factor of
existence that without it our animal
ancestors would never have become
people; without the ability to communicate
a child cannot learn about, absorb culture
and become a socially developed person.
The depression caused by loneliness also
indicates the exceptional importance of
communication for human beings. Not for
nothing is solitary confinement of criminals
considered to be one of the severest
punishments by most peoples of the world.

In a situation where he can communicate a

person acquires and sharpens his intellect,
but in the opposite case he may even lose
his reason. Any consideration of the
problem of communication inevitably
raises the question of mutual
understanding. When one talks about
understanding, one usually thinks of
comprehension of real things, cognition of
the world around one. But what we are
concerned with here is "communicative
understanding", how people understand
one another by communicating, how the
present generation understands its
predecessor, how the people of one culture
understand other cultures. These are
problems that have received little attention
and yet are extremely important.
Everyone is surprised by the tricks of the
conjuror, by the phenomena of telepathy, and so

on. But only a few are surprised by the "miracle" of

communication, of understanding achieved by the
language of words, gesture, mimicry and various
symbols, particularly understanding between
present and past, and between cultures. At the
common sense level mutual understanding through
communication, the understanding of one epoch or
culture by another seems to be a mere triviality to
be taken for granted. We all understand what we
say and what other people, epochs and cultures
say to us. And when understanding is not achieved,
we often blame language and speak of not being
able to find a common language.
Attention was drawn long ago to the big
difference between understanding the objects and
processes of the external world and understanding
human actions and words. To understand human
beings and what they do we have to take into
consideration their motives, the discrepancy
between what they say and what they mean, we

have to make allowance for the difficulties of

detecting true motivation. One of the stumbling
blocks to mutual understanding is the great
diversity of individuals. Each of us contains a
whole world. And this world is our particular world.
In any specific context of communication a person
usually uncovers only one aspect of himself.
Understanding is further complicated by the
generalised way we perceive each other, by our
tendency to fit this perception into certain
accepted and evolved general standards that
ignore the unique in every individual. The
individuality of people's experience and frame of
reference also makes mutual understanding more
difficult. The Sophist Gorgias once remarked that
in the process of being perceived and expressed in
words an object of thought disintegrates into a
huge number of elements of thought and thus
loses its integrity: complete mutual understanding
is therefore, in principle, impossible. One often

hears and reads, complaints about difficulties of

communication between children and parents,
between epochs and between cultures, between
the healthy and the sick, particularly those who
are mentally ill. A foolish person cannot fully
express the thoughts of the intelligent. From the
content of what he is told he absorbs only as much
as he is able to understand. One could say that the
degree of mutual understanding between people
depends to a great extent on their cultural level,
their power of insight. The history of culture offers
numerous examples of how the power of genius
increases through absorbing the meaning and
tendency of the epoch, through tackling and
solving the problems raised by the logic of life.
Works of genius always embrace possibilities that
have not yet been revealed. And the degree to
which they are understood depends on the cultural
level of the reader, the audience. As it climbs the
spirals of history, humanity constantly improves

the mechanism of mutual understanding, the

content of the dialogue between epochs and
cultures. Every new epoch, in acquiring more
perfect ideas, also acquires new eyes and sees in
the great works of the past more and more that is
new, goes deeper into their intrinsic meaning.
Many of Shakespeare's contemporaries probably
regarded him as, at best, an interesting actor and
little more. They did not see in him one of the
supreme geniuses that humanity has produced,
whose profundity has been consistently, century
after century revealed by every new generation.

Agriculture- In agriculture, People and

organizations communicate with others for
a variety of reasons to inform, persuade,
prevent misunderstandings, present a
point of view or reduce barriers.

Communications happens when the message you

send is received, understood and acted upon by
your intended audience.

Communications planning is simply a process to

help you reach that goal.
The communications plan has been described in a
number of ways, including:
a foundation on which to base decisions and
create ideas
a means of focusing on where you want to be
and what needs to be done to get there
a tool for discovering opportunities, optimizing
challenges and initiating change, and
a means of monitoring your communications
efforts.
Organizations need to communicate for one or all
of the following reasons:
To inform You may need to let interested
parties know who you are, what you can do for
them, what they can do to help you, or even
just how to get in touch.
To build understanding or change
behavior You may want to encourage others
to think, act or feel a certain way; to stop
smoking, for example. This can involve
appealing to feelings, self-interest, or a
person's imagination.

 To prevent misunderstandings Even a small

misunderstanding can create large problems
for your organization. You can ensure good
communication by putting yourself in your
audience's position, paying attention to their
needs and getting to know them.
To present a point of view Often, this is all
you need to do to accomplish your goal.
To lower barriers between groups and
individuals These barriers may range from
information overload to suspicion and
prejudice.
Research can be as extensive as commissioning a
public opinion poll or as simple as talking on an
informal basis with your clients or staff. It also
means asking the following questions about your
current situation and what affects it:
What are your organization's goals, strengths
and weaknesses? Having a clear picture of
what your organization wants to achieve will
help you determine a good course of action for
your communications.
What resources do you already have?
Information, people, money, time and public
support are all valuable assets. Determining
which assets you have and which ones you

might need will help you decide on the scope

of your communications program.
Is there any current research that will help you?
Do you need to do any research?
Has this type of communications activity taken
place before? If so, what was the result?
What are your major communications
opportunities? Perhaps the local newspaper is
always interested in your organization's
activities. Or maybe there's an annual meeting
coming up where you can present your
message.
When deciding on your objectives, ask yourself:
Are we seeking to provide new information?
Are we calling the audience to action?
Are we seeking to change behaviour?
Your objectives should form a clear statement of
what it is you are trying to do. They should be
specific, realistic and listed in order of importance.
They should also be measurable. When you
evaluate your communications plan, you will
measure your results against your objectives.
Defining your goals and objectives or what you are
trying to achieve will help you focus on the who,

why, when and how of your communications

planning.
Goals are the overall changes you wish to cause.
Objectives are the short-term, measurable steps
you take to reach your goal.
For Example:
If your goal is to increase community support
for your local community development
initiative, your objectives might be to:
increase your membership by 10%
add two new organization directors
increase funding from the business community
encourage positive media coverage of your
organization's activities
inform the community of the benefits of
community development, and
achieve support for your activities from local
civic leader.
Your objectives should form a clear statement of
what it is you are trying to do. They should be
specific, realistic and listed in order of importance.
They should also be measurable. When you

evaluate your communications plan, you will

measure your results against your objective.
The next step in the planning process is to
determine your target audiences by:
listing the groups with whom you need to
communicate, and
analyzing each group.
When choosing the people or groups your
organization needs to influence, it may be helpful
to think about the many different ways you can
describe them. For example, your target audience
might be males aged 18 to 24. But, it could be
more helpful to know that your target audience is
males aged 18 to 24 who are car owners or football
players or volunteer fire fighters or teachers.
The more clearly you can define your audience, the
easier it will be to make choices about your
messages and communications vehicles.