Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mc lc
nh nc v php lut
Tr s
27A Vng Th - Ty H
H Ni
T: 080-48486/48487
Fax:080-48486
E-mail: nclp@qh.gov.vn
Website: www.nclp.org.vn
Hi ng bin tp
TS. Bi Ngc Thanh
TS. V c Khin
PGS, TS. Trn Ngc ng
PGS,TS. ng Vn Thanh
TS. Nguyn Vit Chc
Tng bin tp
Nguyn Ch Dng
Pht hnh
Ti H Ni
T: 080-43364
Ti Tp. H Ch Minh
T: 080-83771
Giy php xut bn
S 117/GP ngy 30/3/2001
ca B Vn ha - Thng tin
Ti khon
0011000467735
Tp ch
Nghin cu Lp php
Ngn hng ngoi thng
Vit Nam
In ti Nh in - Cng ty Hu Ngh,
H Ni
8
11
17
23
28
33
Chnh sch
Ci cch hnh chnh: V khi nim thm quyn
Nguyn Cu Vit
Thng mi v vn mi trng khi Vit Nam
gia nhp WTO
Nguyn Hng Thao
40
48
LegiS 8/2005
State and law
P 3. The relationship between the Government and the National Assembly in
legislative affairs, by Pham Tuan Khai
policy
P 40. Public administration reform: Regarding the notion of authority, by
Nguyen Cuu Viet
P 48. Trade and enviromental affair when Vietnam join the WTO, by Nguyen
Hong Thao
Foreign experience
P 54. Investigation an efficient supervisory tool of parliaments, by Tran Tuyet Mai
P 57. Legal training and legal profession in Germany, by Nguyen Van Nam
P 61. Review, by Do Van Dai and Do Van Huu
Nghin cu Lp php s
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I. Mt s yu cu
1. Hot ng xy dng php lut ngy
cng tr nn quan trng trong iu kin
nc ta ang chuyn i t nn kinh t
tp trung quan liu bao cp sang c ch
th trng nh hng x hi ch ngha,
c bit l qu trnh hi nhp kinh t
quc t hin nay. Trong qu trnh ch o
hot ng xy dng php lut, ng ta
nhn mnh phn u trong nhng
nm ti dn dn c cc o lut iu
chnh cc lnh vc ca i sng x hi
theo ng ng li, quan im ca
ng, bo m nh hng XHCN; da
trn c s tng kt thc tin Vit Nam, c
nghin cu, tham kho, chn lc kinh
nghim nc ngoi1 v cn phi ci
tin s phn cng v phi hp gia cc
c quan ca Quc hi v Chnh ph
bo m tnh kp thi v nng cao cht
lng xy dng lut2. Trong cc ngh
quyt ca Chnh ph, ch o ca Th
Xem Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph s 933/QTTg ngy 27/8/2004 ph duyt n nng cao cht
lng cng tc xy dng php lut ca Chnh ph.
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nh nc v php lut
Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
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Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
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nh nc v php lut
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nh nc v php lut
S cn thit
Nn kinh t Vit Nam ang chuyn i,
tng bc thit lp v vn hnh theo c
ch th trng nh hng x hi ch
ngha. Ci cch hng vo th trng l
mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ch yu
gip cho nn kinh t tng trng nhanh
chng (t l tng trng hng nm 6-7%,
c nm trn 9%; ring trong bn nm
2001-2004 t bnh qun 7,3%). S tng
trng chng t cc chnh sch kinh t
v ang p dng c hiu qu, cc
khung php l c to lp ph hp
vi yu cu ca i sng kinh t.
Lc lng tham gia gp phn quan
trng vo tng trng kinh t l cc doanh
nghip, doanh nhn v cc ch th kinh
doanh khc. Trong , ch da ch yu
t mc tiu tng trng phi l cc doanh
nghip thuc mi thnh phn kinh t. V
vy, cn tip tc khi dy v pht huy tim
nng ca cc doanh nghip; c bit, rt
cn mt mi trng php l y v hp
l cc ch th kinh doanh hot ng
mt cch c hiu qu. V mt php l, cc
doanh nghip thuc mi thnh phn kinh
t, c doanh nghip Vit Nam v doanh
nghip c vn u t nc ngoi, thuc
mi loi hnh hot ng trong mi lnh vc,
d a bn no, vi quy m no u phi
c bnh ng, c t do kinh doanh v
c lm mi vic m php lut Vit Nam
khng cm.
Nghin cu Lp php s
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T tng v quan im ch o
D n Lut Doanh nghip (thng nht)
cn c xy dng trn c s nhng t
tng v quan im ch o sau y:
Mt l, k tha c chn lc nhng quy
nh tin b, tch cc ca Lut Doanh
nghip nm 1999 v Lut Doanh nghip
Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
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nh nc v php lut
10
Nghin cu Lp php s
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Bn v ch nh trng cu dn
inh Ngc Vng*
LTS: Va qua,
thc hin Ngh
quyt ca ng
v Quc hi v
vic xy dng
Lut trng cu
dn,
U
ban
Thng v Quc
hi giao cho
Hi Lut gia Vit
Nam nghin cu,
son tho d n
lut
ny.
Tuy
nhin, ch nh
trng cu dn
dng nh vn
cn xa l i vi
rt nhiu ngi, k
c vi cc nh
nghin cu khoa
hc php l cng
nh nhng ngi
lm cng tc qun
l. V vy, NCLP
xin trn trng gii
thiu bi vit ca
PGS.TS
inh
Ngc Vng
cp vn ny v
mong rng s c
nhiu bi vit
nghin cu, trao
i tip theo trn
din n Tp ch
NCLP
Trng cu dn tng
ng
vi
thut
ng
"referendum" c ngun gc t
ting Latin, c ngha l "iu
cn phi c thng bo".
"Referendum" l s b phiu
ca c tri nhm mc ch
thng qua cc quyt nh c
tnh cht quc gia hoc a
phng. Cc quyt nh c
thng qua ti cc cuc trng
cu dn nhiu khi c hiu lc
cao hn so vi cc o lut do
ngh vin ban hnh. Khng c
bt k o lut no ca ngh
vin c th tuyn b hy b
quyt nh c trng cu
dn m ngc li, quyt nh
trng cu dn c th bi b
o lut ca ngh vin.
Trong ting Latin cn c
mt thut ng na gn ng
ngha
vi
thut
ng
referendum l plebiscitum
(ci m dn ni), cng l
kin ca c tri, tuy nhin
plebiscitum thng l cc
cuc trng cu kin nhn
dn v cc vn quan trng
hn c i vi t nc nh
vn lnh th, cc vn
Nghin cu Lp php s
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nh nc v php lut
1
..
:. ., ,
1996. . 240
3
Quyt nh "ad referendum" (quyt nh cn trng
cu dn). Ch sau khi c kt qu trng cu dn th
cc quyt nh ny mi c hiu lc.
12
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http://www.npsnet.com/cdd/common-3.htm
http://www.podrobnosti.ua/society/2005/06/05/21744
0.html
7
http://www.rosbalt.ru/2005/06/05/211764.html
6
Bn cht ca trng cu dn
Trng cu dn l mt trong nhng
phng php thc hin dn ch trc tip. Ti
Php, hu nh ngi ta coi trng cu dn
l hnh thc dn ch trc tip duy nht10. V
mt nguyn tc, trng cu dn c u th
hn nhiu so vi cc hnh thc dn ch i
din, n cho php ngi dn th hin ch
trc tip ca mnh thng qua vic biu quyt.
Tuy nhin, cng khng nn nh gi qu
cao bin php trng cu dn. l v,
nhng vn c a ra trng cu dn
khng phi tt c nhng ngi tham gia b
phiu u am hiu nh nhau, nht l i vi
cc c tri c trnh thp khng nh gi
ng mc ngha chnh tr v php l khi b
phiu. i khi, trng cu dn c tin
hnh trong nhng iu kin b gy sc p
tm l hay trong iu kin ch c ti.
. 1996 . . .
9
Ch c iu khc vi cc nc khc, trng cu dn
Php ngi ta li gi plebiscitum, nhng
plebiscitum y c coi nh referendum trong
php lut cc nc khc.
10
http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA12Y1994.html
8
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nh nc v php lut
http://www.npsnet.com/cdd/common-3.htm
http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA12Y1994.html
12
14
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Nhng vn khng c a ra
trng cu dn
14
15
..
:. ., ,
1996. . 240.
http://www.npsnet.com/cdd/common-3.htm
http://www.npsnet.com/cdd/common-3.htm
17
http://www.novoteka.ru/sevent/285560
16
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nh nc v php lut
Hiu lc ca trng cu dn
Thng thng, quyt nh c thng qua
ti cc cuc trng cu dn c hiu lc bt
buc, cui cng, c hiu lc php l ngay m
khng cn phi c ph chun bi bt c
c quan no v ch c th b sa i, hy b
bng mt cuc trng cu dn mi.
18
http://www.ng.ru/politics/200503/2
16
Nghin cu Lp php s
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http://:novy.tv/ru/reporter/world/2005/06/051938.
html
20
..
// . .-.
.11, ., 1991. 6, .14.
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nh nc v php lut
Quc hi v Hi ng nhn dn cc cp
thc hin quyn gim st ca mnh i vi
hot ng gii quyt khiu ni, t co ca Th
tng Chnh ph, B trng, Th trng c
quan ngang B, Th trng c quan thuc
Chnh ph v Ch tch UBND cc cp trn cc
hot ng: ban hnh vn bn quy phm php
lut v khiu ni, t co, qun l cng tc gii
quyt khiu ni, t co; tip dn; gii quyt
khiu ni, t co thuc thm quyn. Quc hi
v Hi ng nhn dn cc cp thc hin
quyn gim st bng nhng phng thc: xem
xt, nh gi cc vn bn quy phm php lut
v khiu ni, t co; cc bo co v cng tc
gii quyt khiu ni, t co; cht vn; c on
gim st, xem xt c th vic gii quyt khiu
ni, t co; chuyn n, th khiu ni, t co
n ngi c thm quyn gii quyt v theo
di, n c vic gii quyt...
To n nhn dn thc hin quyn gim
st i vi hot ng qun l nh nc ni
chung v hot ng gii quyt khiu ni, t
co ni ring ca c quan hnh chnh thng
qua vic xt x cc v n hnh s, dn s,
kinh t, lao ng, nhng ch yu l thng
qua vic xt x cc v n hnh chnh. Qua
hot ng xt x ny, mt mt To n kim
sot hot ng qun l nh nc, bo m
php ch XHCN, mt khc bo v quyn v
li ch hp php ca cng dn b xm phm.
Thc cht y l vn mi quan h kim
tra, gim st gia t php vi hnh php,
18
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nh nc v php lut
20
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nh nc v php lut
nh chnh
Tp ch Nghin cu Lp php xin li tc gi Trn Vn Sn v bn c, do s xut k thut nh in nn
trong bi "Hon thin Lut khiu ni, t co trong iu kin hi nhp quc t" ng trn Tp ch
Nghin cu Lp php s 7 (55) b nhm on cui bi (trang 36), thay vo l ni dung on cui ca
bi "nh ch gii quyt v n dn s" ca tc gi Trn Anh Tun (trang 55).
Tp ch xin c nh chnh, thay ni dung on cui bi nu trn (t "Tic rng.....n ht phn
ch thch v tc gi" (trang 36) nh sau:
"- Mt s c quan nh nc cn dng hnh
thc cng vn, thng bo thay cho hnh thc
quyt nh gii quyt khiu ni.
- Cn c gii quyt khiu ni cha c
quy nh r rng, cha c quy nh: ch s dng
lm cn c gii quyt nhng chng c c
cc bn bit. Tn ti ny do quy nh v
phng thc gii quyt khiu ni ca Lut KNTC
mang nng "tnh hnh chnh", khp kn, ngi
khiu ni t c c hi "tranh tng", phn bin v
nhng chng c do bn kia a ra v nhng ni
dung quan trng khc ca v vic.
- Cha c c ch thi hnh c hiu qu cc
QGQKN ca CQHC m ch dng li nhng
quy nh c tnh nguyn tc, do khng c tnh
kh thi. V vy, trn thc t, t l nhng quyt
nh gii quyt khiu ni c hiu lc php lut
c thi hnh rt thp.
khc phc nhng bt cp hin hnh, p
ng y yu cu ca HTM v cc hip nh
ca WTO th ni dung phn quyt ca CQHC
phi c hon thin theo hng sau:
- Quy nh vic gii quyt khiu ni nht thit
phi th hin bng vn bn v di hnh thc l
QGQKN, nu dng cc hnh thc khc (nh
cng vn, thng bo, li ni) th s v hiu,
khng c gi tr thi hnh.
- Quy nh c ch cng khai cc QGQKN
bng cch ng ti trn mt ph trng ca Tp ch
chuyn ngnh hoc mt n phm nht nh ca
Trung ng v a phng hoc trn mng Internet.
22
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nh nc v php lut
24
Nghin cu Lp php s
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Mi quan h lu di
Vic pht trin v hon thin h thng
php lut ht nhn khng th thc hin
c trong mt sm mt chiu. Ti hu
ht cc nc, quy trnh lp php l mt
quy trnh phc tp v thng b ko di
vi s tham gia ca nhiu c quan. Ngay
c vic ban hnh quy phm php lut c
bn nht cng c th mt nhiu thng,
thm ch nhiu nm i t khi nim
ban u n vic thng qua cui cng.
Hn na, vic thi hnh hiu qu lut
php ht nhn quan trng hn nhiu vic
ch ban hnh mt o lut trn giy.
Nhng bi hc rt ra trong quy trnh ny
phi c th hin y trong bo co
nh gi thng xuyn lm cn c
T8
2005
Hi tho v tp hun
IAEA ang ti tr cho cc cuc hi
tho hoc tp hun v nhiu lnh vc
hot ng ca mnh, coi y l mt bin
php hiu qu cung cp thng tin chi
tit cho s ng ngi. i vi vic tr
gip lp php, hai hnh thc hi tho
c s dng l:
Th nht, hi tho khu vc gii
quyt nhng yu t c bn ca mt b
khung php lut ht nhn. Cc chuyn
H tr xy dng d tho
Php lut ht nhn ca mi nc phi
phn nh c truyn thng v c im
php lut ca nc . V vy, vic tr
gip d tho php lut ht nhn ca
IAEA khi u vi vic cc chuyn gia
(ca nc ngh tr gip) xy dng d
tho s b v bin dch d tho ra ngn
ng lm vic thng l ting Anh. Mt
chuyn gia c kinh nghim v lut ht
nhn s c mi nhn xt vn bn
Phng Cng tc Php lut (ca IAEA)
thc hin gp chi tit. Thng thng l
cc chuyn gia s c ch nh phn
tch D Lut theo ba kha cnh.
Mt l, D Lut s c nh gi theo
cc nguyn tc son tho php lut c
bn c p dng cho mi ngnh lut,
nh l tnh r rng, n nh lu di, hon
Nghin cu Lp php s
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nh nc v php lut
26
Nghin cu Lp php s
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************************
(Tip trang 32)
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nh nc v php lut
28
Nghin cu Lp php s
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nh nc v php lut
2. Mt s kin ngh
hon thin chnh sch BHXH ni
chung v ch hu tr ni ring, xin kin
ngh mt s ni dung c th nh sau:
Th nht, vic gim ti a nm tui i
cho mt s i tng l cn thit, nhng nn
quy nh phm vi hp hn na, bi thc t,
khng phi tt c nhng ngi lao ng lm
vic trong mi trng c hi, vng khng
thun li hoc lm vic trong lc lng v
trang u cn ngh hu sm v mun ngh
hu sm. V vy, nn b sung thm iu kin
mt sc lao ng mc nht nh (v d
t 31% tr ln), m bo rng, khi i
tng cn kh nng lm vic th qu BHXH
khng phi chi tr. i tng cng vn c
u i v nu ngh hu sm, h khng b tr t
l lng hu nh nhng lao ng khc.
Trong tng lai, s u i ny nn thay bng
cc quy nh m bo tiu chun an ton v
sinh lao ng mc cao, ci thin iu
30
Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
T l cng thm/1
nm ng
55
3%
55,5
2,9%
56
2,8%
56,5
2,7%
57
2,6%
2012
57,5
2,5%
2013
58
2,4%
2014
58,5
2,3%
2015
59
2,2%
1016
59,5
2,1%
1017
60
2%
Nghin cu Lp php s
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nh nc v php lut
32
Nghin cu Lp php s
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L Th Phng Hoa*
Ngh quyt 08/NQ - TW ngy 02/01/2002 ca B Chnh tr v mt s nhim v trng tm
v cng tc t php, Ch th s 10/2002/CT-TTg ngy 19/3/2002 ca Th tng Chnh ph v
vic trin khai thc hin Ngh quyt 08/NQ-TW ca B Chnh tr v mi y nht l Ngh
quyt s 49/NQ-TW ngy 02/6/2005 ca B Chnh tr v chin lc ci cch t php n
nm 2020 u nhn mnh yu cu phi nghin cu v xc tin vic x hi ho cng chng.
Vy, cng chng v x hi ho cng chng l g? Phng hng v gii php x hi ho
cng chng Vit Nam ra sao? l nhng vn c tc gi cp trong bi vit
Nguyn Vn Ton, Thng tin khoa hc php l, s chuyn Cng chng Vit Nam trong nn kinh t th
trng hng theo m hnh Latinh, thng 1/2005, Tr. 9-30
Nghin cu Lp php s
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33
nh nc v php lut
X hi ho cng chng
X hi ho cng chng l qu trnh nh nc thc hin i mi phng thc t chc hot
ng cng chng, tng bc chuyn giao hot ng cng chng cho cc c nhn, t chc
phi nh nc thc hin nhm nng cao hiu qu cng chng, p ng yu cu ca kinh t th
34
Nghin cu lp php s
5 (52)
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Nghin cu Lp php s
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nh nc v php lut
36
Nghin cu lp php s
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- L thit ch nh nc, trc sc p tinh gin bin ch nh nc, vic m rng mng li
cng chng t chc cng chng st vi nhu cu ca x hi l kh c th c thc hin.
Hin nay, trn ton quc ch c 115 phng cng chng vi khong 350 cng chng vin v
khong 500 nhn vin gip vic cng chng2. Song trn thc t, cng vic mang tnh cht
cng chng cn ang c giao cho 617 UBND cp huyn v 10.476 UBND cp x thc
hin. thc hin phng chm tch bch phm vi, thm quyn cng chng, chng thc,
nhm tch bch hot ng qun l nh nc vi hot ng dch v cng, nu gi nguyn m
hnh cng chng nh nc, th nhu cu thc t v bin ch cho hot ng cng chng l rt
ln, nh nc khng c kh nng p ng.
Tm li, trong iu kin kinh t th trng nh hng XHCN v hi nhp quc t, p
ng yu cu ci cch hnh chnh, ci cch t php, xy dng nh nc php quyn ca dn,
do dn, v dn; i mi t chc, hot ng cng chng nc ta hin nay cn phi theo
hng x hi ho, nhm khc phc cc nhc im ca cng chng nh nc, ng thi to
iu kin nhn dn tham gia v gim st hot ng cng chng, gim chi ph v nhn lc
v ngn sch nh nc; nng cao cht lng hiu qu cng chng.
3. Mt s quan im, gii php x hi ho cng chng Vit Nam hin nay
Th nht, x hi ho cng chng phi xc nh phm vi, ni dung ph hp vi iu kin
pht trin kinh t - x hi, hi nhp quc t v khu vc. y l iu kin quan trng, mang
tnh quyt nh i vi tnh kh thi, s thnh cng ca qu trnh x hi ho cng chng Vit
Nam.
C th ni, nc ta hin nay, x hi ho dch v cng ni chung, x hi ho cng chng
ni ring l vn mi v kh, cha c tin l, cha c kinh nghim nn phi tin hnh thn
trng, trnh ch quan, duy ch, trnh s sao chp, vay mn bt c mt hnh mu cng
chng no p t vo Vit Nam. Cn phi thy rng, m hnh cng chng hiu qu nht
c th khng phi l m hnh tin tin nht, hin i nht trn th gii, m phi l m hnh
ph hp vi iu kin c th ca Vit Nam, mang bn sc Vit Nam, ng thi, ph hp vi
thng l quc t. Bi khng ch c iu kin kinh t - x hi ca t nc, c im tm l,
truyn thng dn tc m c xu th hi nhp quc t v khu vc cng ang tc ng mnh
m n qu trnh x hi ho cng chng nc ta; t ra yu cu quc t ho lnh vc
cng chng, khc phc nhng d bit ca thit ch cng chng Vit Nam so vi cc h
thng cng chng trn th gii hin nay.
Th hai, x hi ho cng chng phi c coi l mt ni dung nm trong chng trnh
tng th ci cch hnh chnh v chin lc ci cch t php, xy dng nh nc php quyn
ca dn, do dn, v dn.
nc ta, cng chng cn ang l mt thit ch nh nc, c t chc nh mt c quan
cng quyn, vi chc nng b tr t php. V th, x hi ho cng chng va l yu cu, va
l mt ni dung ca ci cch hnh chnh, ci cch t php.
C th xem mi quan h gia ci cch cng chng v ci cch hnh chnh, ci cch t
php l mi quan h gia b phn v ton b, c s tc ng qua li ln nhau, bo m s
2
Nh Php lut Vit Php, Ti liu hi tho Quy ch ngh cng chng v phng hng xy dng Php lnh
cng chng Vit Nam, T1-2005
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nh nc v php lut
Mt s gii php
ch trng x hi ho cng chng ca ng v nh nc sm tr thnh hin thc,
trc mt cn tin hnh ng b mt s gii php sau:
Cn lm r l lun v x hi ho dch v cng v x hi ho cng chng thng nht v
nhn thc, to s ng thun trong x hi. V x hi ho dch v cng ni chung, x hi ho
cng chng ni ring l vn kh mi m Vit Nam hin nay, cha c lm sng t v
mt l lun, cn c nhiu cch hiu khc nhau khng ch trong nhn dn m c trong i ng
cn b, cng chc cc c quan hnh chnh, c quan t php, cc chuyn gia v cc nh
nghin cu. Trc ht, cn lm r cc ni dung: khi nim cng chng, bn cht cng
chng, gi tr php l ca vn bn cng chng, vai tr cng chng trong nn kinh t th
trng nh hng XHCN; phn bit r phm vi cng chng, phm vi chng thc, thm
quyn cng chng, thm quyn chng thc... ng thi, nghin cu lm r cc khi nim: x
hi ho dch v cng, x hi ho cng chng, quan im, nguyn tc, phm vi x hi ho
38
Nghin cu lp php s
5 (52)
T5
2005
cng chng. Ch trng nghin cu tng kt thc tin trong lnh vc cng chng, nh gi
nhng thnh tu t c, nhng hn ch, bt cp, phn tch r cc nguyn nhn v rt
ra bi hc kinh nghim xy dng chin lc cho s pht trin lu di, bn vng ca cng
chng theo nh hng x hi ho.
Hon thin th ch cng chng trn c s xy dng Php lnh Cng chng theo nh
hng x hi ho vi cc ni dung ph hp vi iu kin kinh t - x hi, truyn thng php
l ca dn tc, ng thi, m bo tnh tng thch vi php lut quc t. Trong , Php
lnh ch nn iu chnh v t chc, hot ng cng chng, cn chng thc l hot ng ca
cc c quan hnh chnh cng quyn khng nn quy nh y. Php lnh cn khng nh
cc ni dung: khi nim cng chng, phm vi cng chng, gi tr php l ca vn bn cng
chng; cn c, thm quyn, trnh t, th tc hu vn bn cng chng, bc b gi tr php l ca
mt vn bn cng chng; hu qu php l ca vic cng chng tri php lut. Quy nh v
thm quyn qun l nh nc, qun l ngh nghip i vi lnh vc cng chng; xy dng qu
bo him ngh nghip ca cng chng vin; nhng bo m cho hot ng cng chng; c
ch gim st ca nh nc, ca x hi i vi cng chng. Cn thit phi quy nh cht ch,
c th, r rng v trnh t, th tc cng chng trnh s p dng tu tin, v nguyn tc, gy
phin h cho khch hng.
Yu cu hon thin th ch cng chng phi gn lin vi yu cu hon thin h thng
php lut ni chung, c bit l php lut lin quan n lnh vc cng chng bo m
tnh thng nht, ng b, minh bch, kh thi (php lut v hp ng, php lut v s hu,
php lut v thu, l ph v ph...)
Nng cao cht lng i ng cng chng vin theo hng chuyn nghip ho. Cng
chng vin khng phi ch l ngi c o to c bn v lut php, v ngh cng
chng, tinh thng ngh nghip, giu kinh nghim, vn sng m cn phi c phm cht,
o c ngh nghip (trung thc, v t, khch quan, lim khit, nhit tnh, trch nhim...).
ng thi, h phi c kin thc v ngoi ng, tin hc p ng yu cu ngy cng cao
ca x hi i vi cng chng.
Trc cc yu cu trn, nng cao cht lng i ng cng chng vin theo hng
chuyn nghip ho, cn xy dng k hoch, chin lc o to ton din. Trc mt, lm
tt cng tc o to ngh cng chng vi vic xy dng chng trnh, gio trnh chun v
i ng gio vin chuyn nghip, kt hp nhun nhuyn gia ging dy l thuyt v thc
hnh. ng thi, cn phi xy dng quy tc o c ngh nghip ca cng chng vin;
bo m cc nguyn tc b nhim cng chng vin vi iu kin b nhim v quy trnh b
nhim cht ch. i mi ch chnh sch i vi cng chng vin, to ng lc cng
chng vin pht huy tnh tch cc, ch ng, cao trch nhim phc v trong hot ng
ngh nghip ca mnh.
Xc nh l trnh ph hp, c ni dung mc tiu c th cho tng bc i. Trc mt,
cn sm r sot, sp xp li h thng c quan cng chng, nh gi cht lng i ng
cng chng vin trn phm vi c nc c gii php tng cng, cng c, kin ton
t chc c quan cng chng v c chnh sch o to, o to li i ng cng chng
vin theo hng chuyn nghip.
Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
T8
2005
39
nh nc v php lut
* Cng chng vin, Phng cng chng s 1 - S T php tnh Vnh Phc
40
Nghin cu lp php s
5 (52)
T5
2005
Chnh sch
40
T8
2005
quyn ca nh nc. S
phn cng lao ng trong b
my cng quyn phi tho
mn yu cu sao cho mi c
quan, mi nh chc trch c
mt khi lng cng vic nh
nc hp l tng xng vi v
tr v kh nng ca ch th
, sao cho khng c cng
vic nh nc quan trng
ng k no b b st v
khng c cng vic no b
giao chng cho, trng lp.
V.I. Lnin tng vit:
Nguyn tc qun l c bn,
theo tinh thn ca tt c cc
ngh quyt ca ng Cng
sn Nga v cc c quan X
Vit trung ng l, mt ngi
nht nh hon ton chu
trch nhim v vic thc hin
mt cng vic nht nh1.
Thm quyn l mt khi
nim quan trng, trung tm
ca khoa hc php l. C
th ni, khng c thut ng
no c s dng ph bin
1
Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
T8
2005
41
Chnh sch
c chc v no ; 2) Phm
vi nhng kin thc v kinh
nghim m ai c6.
ngha u trong khoa hc
php l v qun l thng
c biu th bng thut ng
thm quyn php l,
ngha th hai thm quyn
chuyn mn. Cc t in c
uy tn ca Vit Nam v th
gii u khng nh v gii
thch hai ngha ny ca thut
ng7. C hai ngha ca
khi nim u rt quan trng
i vi qun l. V.I. L Nin,
bn cnh thm quyn php
l cn rt coi trng thm
quyn chuyn mn ca
ngi qun l, ca c quan
nh nc. Trong Din vn ti
i hi III ton Nga ca
cng nhn ngnh vn ti
ng thu ngy 15/3/1920,
Ngi ni: ... mun qun l
th phi l ngi thng tho
chuyn mn, phi bit mt
cch y v chnh xc tt
c nhng iu kin ca sn
xut, phi hiu c k
thut ca nn sn xut
trnh hin i ca n,
phi c mt trnh khoa
6
42
T8
2005
Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
T8
2005
43
Chnh sch
44
Xem: Bi dn ca tc gi.
T8
2005
V d, Hn Vit t in ca
o Duy Anh (NXB Minh Tn,
Paris, 1951) gii thch rng:
nhim v l chc v ca mnh
gnh vc (fonction), m t trong
ngoc l t ting Php gii
thch, li c ngha l: chc v,
chc phn, chc trch, chc, c
nng, tc dng (V Vn Mu, t
in dn). Tuy nhin, T in
Anh Vit do Phan Ngc ch bin
(NXB Gio dc, H Ni, 1995) th
gii thch chnh xc hn, theo
c n hai t function m ngha
ch o l: chc nng, s vn
hnh, hot ng, chy my, thc
hin chc nng, c c ngha l
trch nhim, nhim v, chc v.
V vy, d l T in nhng
khng phi ch no cng ng,
hn na, mt t thng c nhiu
ngha, nn phi tu ng cnh
chn ngha.
V d xem: T in ting nc
ngoi, dn.
Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
T8
2005
45
Chnh sch
46
T8
2005
l cc yu t cu thnh ca
thm quyn. Nhng bn
thn hnh thc hot ng
ca c quan khng phi l
yu t cu thnh ca thm
quyn, m l quyn v
ngha v thc hin cc hnh
thc hot ng . Cc
chc nng nh nc bao gi
cng c thc hin di
nhng hnh thc lut nh.
Do , khi quy nh thm
quyn, nh nc bao gi
cng cn trao cho mi c
quan thc hin nhng hnh
thc hot ng nht nh.
c th l hnh thc hot
ng xy dng v ban hnh
quyt nh php lut (trong
c quyt nh ch o,
quy phm v c bit), hnh
thc hot ng xt x, thc
hnh quyn cng t, p
dng cc bin php cng
ch hay hot ng t chc
x hi trc tip, cc tc
nghip vt cht k thut...
y chnh l cc quyn hn
c th, yu t quan trng
ca thm quyn, cng c
hu hiu thc hin chc
nng c trao, trong
quan trng nht l quyn
ban hnh cc quyt nh
php lut, quyn p dng
cc bin php cng ch
nh nc.
Chn l, ngoi tm quan
im B.M. Lazarp tng
hp trn y, cn c hai
quan im nc ta coi
thm quyn ch bao gm cc
quyn, khng bao hm
ngha v v ng nht thm
Quan im ca B.M.
Lazarp cho php khc phc
c nhng ln ln trn,
theo , thm quyn l mt
hin tng nh nc - quyn
lc v php l phc tp c
ni dung chc nng v v
bc php l, l mt h thng
(ch khng phi l mt tp
hp gin n) cc yu t cu
thnh bao gm hai nhm ln
sau y:
Mt l, cc quyn v
ngha v thc hin cc
chc nng nht nh m c
quan nh nc c trao
gii quyt nhng vn ,
qun
l
nhng
i
tng/khch th nht nh
trong nhng lnh vc nht
nh ca i sng nhm t
nhng nhim v nht nh.
y l nhm cc quyn v
ngha v chung. Cc chc
nng c th l rt chung nh
lp php, hnh php, t
php; hoc c th hn nh
cc chc nng chung ca
qun l: thu thp, tng hp,
phn tch thng tin; d bo;
k hoch ha; t chc; lnh
o; iu chnh; iu hnh
tc nghip; iu ho - phi
hp; thng k; kim tra...
Cc chc nng chung cn
c phn ho c th hn
na. Cc quyn v ngha v
chung xc nh hnh lang
hot ng chung, ci m
hot ng nh nc hng
ti (vn , i tng/khch
th, lnh vc) v ch cn i
n (nhim v).
Hai l, cc quyn hn
c th thc hin cc
quyn v ngha v chung
ni trn (l quyn thc hin
cc hnh thc hot ng c
th nh ban hnh hay tham
gia vo vic ban hnh
quyt nh, quyn nh ch,
sa i hay bi b quyt
nh, quyn p dng cc
bin php cng ch,...).
Cc quyn hn c th l
cng c thc hin cc
quyn v ngha v (chung)
nhm mt. Nh cc
quyn hn c th m cc
quyn v ngha v chung
mi c tnh hin thc. V
d, cc quyn hn c th
nh quyn ra quyt nh x
pht hnh chnh, quyt
nh k lut hay quyt nh
bi thng thit hi vt
cht thng c quy nh
vi c cu hp l km theo
quyn thc hin chc nng
thanh tra, kim tra, gim
st. C nh vy chc nng
ny mi c hiu lc.
Do tnh phc tp, ni
dung phong ph v tm
quan trng ca khi nim
ny, chng ti xin dnh bi
k tip lm r cc kha
cnh khc ca khi nim
nh cc yu t cu thnh,
tnh h thng, phng php
phn nh thm quyn v
nhng lin h vi thc tin
php l nc ta./.
* PGS, TS Lut hc
Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
T8
2005
47
Chnh sch
thng mi v vn mi trng
Khi vit nam gia nhp WTO
Nguyn Hng Thao*
Vn mi trng l mt trong nhng ch m phn thng mi a phng, lin quan
mt thit vi vic chng nhim i ngho, bo m s pht trin bn vng ca mi quc
gia. Vi cc nc ang pht trin, trong c nc ta, thch thc khi tham gia WTO cng
nh cc tha thun a phng v mi trng l, mt mt, phi p ng cc tiu chun v
mi trng nh mt hng ro phi quan thu trong quan h thng mi vi cc nc pht
trin, mt khc, cn s dng hp l ro cn xanh bo v c cc ngnh sn xut trong
nc, ng thi bo v ngun ti nguyn, mi trng
1. S lc lch s quan
h thng mi v mi
trng, t GATT ti WTO
C gng u tin nhm
iu chnh hot ng thng
mi quc t c thc hin
nm 1947 vi Tho thun
chung v thu quan v
thng mi (GATT). Vn
mi trng khng xut
hin trong vn bn GATT
nm 1947 v khng c mt t
chc mi trng no ra i
trong thi im . Nm
1972, Hi ngh Stockholm v
Con ngi v mi trng ln
u tin a vn mi
trng ra trc din n
quc t, tr thnh mt trong
nhng ch m phn
thng mi a phng. Vn
mi trng, d chm
chp, bt u thm nhp
vo chnh sch i ni v
quc t ca cc nc. Mi
trng cng ngy cng tr
thnh mt vn ton cu.
48
C rt nhiu l do cho mi
quan tm ny. Th nht, s
quan ngi v vic nhiu
ngun ti nguyn qu him
c th b bin mt trong thi
gian ti nu hot ng khai
thc, s dng v ph hoi
ca con ngi vn tip tc
mc cao. Th hai, s thay
i kh hu v cc thm ho
thin nhin ngy cng nhiu
do s nng ln ton cu, kt
qu ca cc hot ng ph
rng v thi kh CO2 ca cc
hot ng cng nghip. Th
ba, nhim mi trng
n mc bo ng. Hu ht
cc thnh ph ln trn th
gii u sng trong nhim
kh thi ca nh my, xe c,
bi cng trng. Khng ch
t lin, khng kh m bin
c, sng sui, nc ngm
cng ang b nhim tn
cng. Hi ngh thng nh
v mi trng tri t ti Rio
de Janeiro nm 1992 a
ra tuyn b v mi trng v
T8
2005
Thng mi v vn mi trng
quan trng vo cc n lc
quc t v quc gia, nhm
bo v, duy tr mi trng
sinh thi v bo m pht
trin bn vng. Trong vng
m phn Uruguay (19861993), mt s vn v mi
trng c nu ra trong
B lut cc tiu chun
(Standards Code), Hip nh
v thng mi dch v
(GATS), cc Hip nh v
Nng nghip, v cc bin
php v sinh v kim dch
(SPS), cc bin php tr
cp, t v v i khng
(SCM) v Hip nh v
quyn s hu tr tu lin
quan n thng mi
(TRIPS). Vn mi trng
tip tc c nhn mnh ti
Marrakesh vi vic thnh lp
U ban v Thng mi v
Mi trng (CTE) ca WTO.
Li ni u ca Tho thun
Marrakesh v vic thnh lp
WTO 1994 tha nhn mi
quan h trong lnh vc
thng mi v kinh t cn
c tin hnh vi quan
im nng cao cc tiu
chun sng... trong khi cho
php s dng mt cch hp
l cc ti nguyn ca th
gii, ph hp vi mc tiu
pht trin bn vng. Tm
kim, ng thi bo v v
bo tn mi trng, thc y
cc phng thc tin hnh
ph hp vi cc nhu cu v
quan tm tng ng tt c
cc mc khc nhau ca
pht trin kinh t. Vng m
phn Doha 1994 to ra
mt c ch mi v thng
mi v mi trng, vi vic
thnh lp U ban Thng
mi v Mi trng (CTE) v
U ban v cc kho hp c
bit v thng mi v mi
trng (CTESS), nhm a
cc vn mi trng v
pht trin bn vng vo
chng trnh ngh s chnh
ca WTO. CTE c hai chc
nng: mt l, xc nh mi
quan h gia cc bin php
thng mi v cc bin php
mi trng nhm khuyn
khch pht trin bn vng;
hai l, c khuyn khch thch
hp v sa i, b sung cc
quy nh hin hnh trong h
thng thng mi th gii
cp nht ho tnh cht m,
cng bng v khng phn
bit i x ca h thng
ny. Thng mi v mi
trng tip tc c cp
ti trong Hi ngh ton cu
v
mi
trng
ti
Johannesburg 2002. Nh
vy, thng mi v mi
trng l hai mt khng tch
ri nhau trong bo m pht
trin bn vng.
2. Thng mi - mi
trng: cc vn t ra
Hai nguyn tc c bn
ca WTO (iu I - nguyn
tc ti hu quc MPN v
iu III - nguyn tc i x
quc dn NT) bo m rng,
vic thng qua cc chnh
sch bo v mi trng quc
gia khng c phn bit i
x gia cc sn phm ca
cc nh sn xut trong nc
vi cc sn phm nc
ngoi, hoc gia cc sn
phm nhp khu t cc bn
hng thng mi khc nhau.
Cc iu khon ny ngn
chn vic lm dng cc
chnh sch mi trng v
vic s dng chng nhm
ngu trang cho vic hn ch
thng mi quc t. iu
khon XX ca GATT 1994
quy nh: cc bin php
thng mi cn c tin
hnh nhm bo v con
ngi, ng vt hoc cuc
sng thc vt hay sc kho
(XX.b); cc bin php
thng mi cn thit cho
vic bo tn cc ngun ti
nguyn suy kit nu cc
bin php nh vy c tin
hnh c hiu qu i lin vi
cc hn ch v sn xut
hoc tiu th trong nc
(XX.g); cc bin php
thng mi cn c tin
hnh ph hp vi cc ngha
v ca bt k tho thun a
bin no v hng ho...
Cc quy nh ca WTO
bc u th hin mi quan
h gia cc bin php
thng mi v cc bin php
mi trng nhm khuyn
khch pht trin bn vng.
Tuy nhin, cc quy nh ny
cn mc quy nh chung,
cha c pht trin v quy
nh r rng. Vic p dng
cc tiu chun mi trng
nghim ngt m cc quc
gia pht trin i hi hn ch
rt nhiu cc nc ang pht
Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
T8
2005
49
Chnh sch
trin, hn ch li th cnh
tranh ca h trong s dng
ngun ti nguyn thin
nhin. p dng nh thu ti
nguyn, hng ca cc nc
ang pht trin s phi chu
thu nhiu hn v hm lng
ti nguyn th ln. Ngoi ra,
cc nc pht trin cn c
xu hng s dng cc tiu
chun mi trng, v sinh an
ton nh ro cn bo h sn
phm sn xut trong nc,
chng li cc sn phm
nhp khu. y thc cht l
vic p t chnh sch mi
trng quc gia i vi cc
nc khc.
WTO ngy cng c xu
hng gii quyt cc tranh
chp c li cho vic bo tn
mi trng. iu ny i hi
cc quc gia ang pht trin
cn phi thn trng hn i
vi cc vn lin quan
gia thng mi v mi
trng. Cc quc gia ny
cn phi c ting ni chung
ca mnh v cc vn
thng mi v mi trng
trong khun kh cc vng
m phn tng lai ca
WTO v chng trnh hot
ng ca CTE. Chng
trnh ny tp trung vo ba
vn ln:
- M ca th trng v cc
yu cu v mi trng;
- Tc ng ca t do ho
thng mi i vi mi trng;
- Quan h gia cc tho
thun a phng v mi
trng v WTO.
50
M ca th trng v cc
yu cu v mi trng
Bo v mi trng v sc
kho cng ng l nhng
mc tiu mang tnh chnh tr
php l. Tuy nhin, vic a
ra nhng yu cu mi trng
cao c th nh hng ngc
li cc mc tiu . Cn tm
ra mt khun kh trong cc
tho thun WTO hin hnh,
bo m rng, cc
bin php mi trng khng
c hn ch xut khu.
Cc bin php mi trng
cn c thit k sao cho: (i)
ph hp vi cc quy tc ca
WTO; (ii) c tnh bao qut;
(iii) tnh n kh nng ca
cc quc gia ang pht trin;
(iv) p ng c cc mc
tiu hp php ca quc gia
nhp khu. Cc quc gia
ang pht trin cn phi tch
cc tham gia vo qu trnh
thit k v pht trin cc
bin php mi trng theo
cch lm gim bt cc nh
hng tiu cc ti thng
mi. CTE v cc nc pht
trin phi gip cc nc
ang pht trin xc nh
c cc sn phm ca
mnh, pht trin cc th
trng xut khu cho cc
sn phm thn thin mi
trng ti nhng ni cc
nc ny c li th so snh.
Vic xc lp v pht trin
cc nhn hiu mi trng c
nhiu kh khn i vi cc
nc ang pht trin, nht l
vi cc doanh nghip va v
nh trong pht trin th
T8
2005
Thng mi v vn mi trng
Nghin cu Lp php s
8 (57)
T8
2005
51
Chnh sch
MEAs c cha ng cc
ngha v thng mi. Cc
bn cng cn phi m
phn lm sng t mi quan
h gia Hip nh TRIPS vi
Cng c v a dng sinh
hc, vic bo v cc tri thc
v vn ho truyn thng.
Cc vn minh bch v
quan h vi cc t chc
quc t cng cn c xem
xt pht trin hi ho trong
tng quan h gia mi
trng v thng mi.
trong
52
nc cn chun b sn sng
i ph vi cc vn
lin quan n thng mi mi trng. Trong quan h
thng mi vi Vit Nam,
cc nc s khng ngng s
dng mi trng nh mt
bin php phi thu quan
va p ng mc ch bo
h sn phm trong nc va
khng tri vi quy nh WTO
v lut php quc t. Song
nu s dng tt ro cn
xanh ny, Vit Nam cng
c li trong vic kim sot
xut, nhp khu cc sn
phm lin quan n mi
trng, bo v cc ngnh
sn xut trong nc.
Cc gii php ng b
- iu chnh lut php
trong nc ph hp vi cc
nguyn tc v cc tiu
chun ca WTO. Vit Nam
cn ban hnh v sa i
khong hn 100 lut cho
ph hp vi WTO. Vi tc
lm lut nh hin nay, Vit
Nam c th c gng t
c mc tiu ny. Tuy
nhin, cc lut ca Vit Nam
phn ln l lut khung,
khng th thc hin khi cha
c cc vn bn di lut quy
nh chi tit. Lut k kt v
thc hin cc iu c quc
t ca Vit Nam nm 2005
khng nh nguyn tc trong
trng hp c tranh chp,
cc iu c quc t c
u tin xem xt so vi lut
trong nc. Vit Nam c th
ph chun v p dng thng
T8
2005
cc quy nh ca cc Hip
nh WTO. Tuy nhin, rt
nhiu thnh vin WTO khng
th hi lng vi nhng tuyn
b, m mun c bo m
t pha Vit Nam, vic thc
thi cc quy nh WTO c
php lut trong nc ghi
nhn. Vn mi trng,
mc d c Vit Nam ch
trng t nm 1992 v cam
kt i theo xu hng pht
trin bn vng, vn cha thc
s c ch trong cc vng
m phn v chun b cho
tin trnh gia nhp WTO. D
tho Lut Bo v mi trng
sa i nm 2005 l mt
bc tin khi quy nh tt c
cc tiu chun mi trng bt
buc phi c p dng. Th
nhng cc vn bn di lut
trin khai Lut Bo v mi
trng cn ang c son
tho. D tho Lut Bo v
mi trng nm 2005 cng
cha phn nh ht cc yu
cu ca WTO v mi trng
v thng mi. Vit Nam cn
sm c cc quy nh v cm
nhp khu cc sn phm
b cm th trng nc
ngoi, cc quy nh v nhn
hiu hng ho thn thin mi
trng, cc quy nh c th
v thu v ph mi trng, v
cc chng c khoa hc cho
vic p dng cc bin php
hn ch ph hp vi cc quy
nh ca WTO. Cn xy dng
k hoch c th v vic s
dng cc cng c kinh t
trong bo v mi trng. Vic
Thng mi v vn mi trng
Nghin cu Lp php s
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thc
k n l gim st.
To n ti cao ca nhiu
hin quyn gim st ca
Mc ch gim st ca
nc, c bit l cc nc
Quc hi; l v kh b tr
Quc hi l nhm bo m
thuc khi Php ng, li quy
quan trng ca Quc hi
cho hot ng hnh php
nh rng: iu tra l mt
trong vic can thip vo
phi tun th lut php; ngn
cng c quan trng ca
quyn hnh php; v kh
chn lng ph v ti phm;
Quc hi thc hin chc
cnh tranh trong quan h
bo v quyn t do cng dn
nng lp php v gim st.
vi quyn t php; l cng
v cc quyn ca c nhn;
N nh mt th quyn c
c phn chia v cnh
thu thp thng tin xy
ngm trao cho Quc hi.
tranh trong vic thit lp
dng cc b lut v gio dc
Quyn iu tra ca Quc hi
quyn lc nh nc v bo
cng chng; thm nh hot
l quyn vn c s dng
m nn dn ch; l chic
ng hnh php. Hot ng
trong quy trnh lp php. Cc
van an ton i vi khng
gim st ny p dng
hong dn ch; l s h tr
cuc iu tra c th c
gim st hot ng ca cc
Quc hi tin hnh nhm
ban trong ni cc, cc c quan hnh php,
thu thp thng tin v s cn thit cho vic
cc u ban iu hnh v t cch tng thng.
son tho cc vn bn php lut mi v
thm nh tnh hiu lc ca cc vn bn
Quc hi M v Quc hi ca mt s
c thng qua. ng thi, Quc hi tin
nc chu u nh Php, B, H Lan, mt
hnh
iu tra khi c nhng s lm dng
trong nhng hnh thc quan trng nht trong
quyn lc, s qun l chnh sch ti hoc c
vic thc hin chc nng gim st ca Quc
54
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iu tra
Phm vi v yu cu ca iu tra
Quc hi v cc u ban ca Quc hi c
ton quyn thu thp v bt buc cc c
quan v c nhn c lin quan cung cp
nhng thng tin cn thit lm cn c
buc ti. Trong mt s trng hp, cc
thng tin ny c cng khai.
quyn iu tra c trin khai hiu qu
vi y tnh c lp v quyn lc, trn thc
t cn phi bo m ba yu cu sau:
- Phi bo v c uy th, an ton ca
u ban iu tra chng li s tn cng ca
cc i tng b iu tra;
- Phi ng vin c cc c nhn c
lin quan c mt ti phin iu trn v khai
bo trung thc;
-Trng pht nhng nhn chng khai man.
Mc d phm vi hot ng iu tra ca
Quc hi kh rng nhng iu khng c
ngha l khng c gii hn. To n ti cao
cc nc thuc khi Php ng khuyn co
rng: quyn iu tra ch nn thc hin vi
mc ch tr gip vic thc hin chc nng
lp php v gim st ch khng nn s
dng n phi by ch nhm mc ch
phi by m thi1. Do , trn thc t,
quyn iu tra ca Quc hi c nhng gii
hn nht nh, v d nh y ban iu tra
khng th yu cu thng tin v c nhn khi
1
Quyn gi ra to
Quyn iu tra cng vi cc th tc cng
ch km theo n c coi nh mt cng c b
tr cho chc nng lp php. To y c
hiu l to c t chc trong ni b ngh vin
khi cn phi xem xt mt v vic vi vic p
dng mt s th tc tng t nh to n
phc v hot ng iu tra ca Quc hi.
Hnh thc to n ngh vin ny c mt s
nc theo m hnh M p dng v hin nay
cng c mt s nc vn dng tu theo v
vic v c im chnh tr c th. Vic gi ra
to thng thng c u ban hoc tiu ban
iu tra s dng. Phng thc ny cng c
mt s tc dng v hiu qu khi bn thn
Quc hi p dng. hp thc ho vic gi
ra to, cc u ban hay tiu ban cn phi c
u nhim s dng quyn ny. Quy ch hin
nay ca c Thng vin v H vin u trao
cho cc u ban v tiu ban thng trc quyn
yu cu nhng ngi lm chng phi tham d
v a ra cc chng c cng nh cc vn bn
cn thit. Cc u ban chn lc hoc u ban
c bit th nht thit phi c s cho php
ca Thng vin hoc H vin mi c s
dng quyn ny. Quy ch hay thc tin ca
cc u ban thng trc c th hn ch vic s
dng quyn gi ra to ch i vi u ban hoc
trong mt s trng hp quyn ny ch cho
php lnh o u ban s dng km theo hoc
khng km theo s ng h ca mt s lng
thnh vin u ban.
Cc u ban ca Quc hi cng c quyn
buc cc nhn chng khng c thin ch
a ra li xc nhn, v c quyn gi ra to
nhng nhn chng khc t vic lm
chng v ti coi thng Quc hi v
nhng ngi a ra nhng bng chng
sai s tht v ti khai man.
Nghin cu Lp php s
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56
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Cc mn hc
Trong giai on th nht, cc sinh vin
lut s phi hc trong mt khong thi gian
t nht l ba nm ri vi cc mn hc mang
tnh c s v khoa hc lut nh: lch s cc
hc thuyt php lut, lch s php lut, trit
hc, x hi hc php lut v cc mn lut
mang tnh cht bt buc nh: lut hin
php, lut dn s, lut hnh s, lut hnh
chnh, lut t tng dn s...
Bn cnh cc mn hc mang tnh bt
buc th sinh vin lut c cng c cc
mn hc t chn, c th l mn lut v
thu, lut v cng ng chu u, lut cnh
tranh, lut s hu tr tu... Vic thit k cc
mn hc bt buc v t chn ty thuc vo
chng trnh ca mi trng. V d nh, theo
chng trnh o to ca trng North
Rhine Westphalia, cc mn hc t chn l
lut thu, lut kinh doanh, lut quc t...
Phng php o to
i vi phng php o to lut c
th hin nay ang xut hin hai quan im
khc nhau, l: quan im ci cch v
quan im bo th. Nhm quan im ci
cch cho rng, nc c cng nh nhiu
nc trong h thng php lut chu u lc
a cn phi tip nhn phng php thc
tin trong o to lut ca cc nc Anh
M. Ngha l, cn gim bt tnh hn lm v
phi a cc v vic thc tin vo ging dy
cc mn lut. Nhm quan im bo th li
cho rng, ch o to php lut ca
nc c theo truyn thng vn rt hiu
qu. Bi vic o to php lut trong giai
on th nht gn vi vic o to kin thc
php lut c bn, tng hp, vi mc ch
cung cp cc kin thc ton din cho sinh
vin. Cn cc kin thc chuyn su v k
nng thc hnh mang tnh cht ngh lut l
nhim v trng tm ca giai on hai. Tuy
nhin, cc kt qu kho st gn y cho
58
Nghin cu Lp php s
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59
60
Tp ch trong tp ch
Vn i*
Vn Hu**
Nh nc v php lut
Nguyn Quang Thi, Mt s khi nim
v thi hnh n v thi hnh n dn s
Vit Nam, Tp ch Dn ch v Php lut, s
thng 5/2005, tr.43-48: Khi hot ng thi
hnh n ni chung v thi hnh n dn s ni
ring vn do ta n thc hin th hu nh
quan nim thi hnh n khng c tranh lun.
Nhng t khi hot ng thi hnh n c
chuyn cho c quan ca Chnh ph th c
quan im cho rng thi hnh n l mt giai
on t tng. Nhng c quan im cho
rng, y ch l hot ng qun l hnh
chnh t php v qu trnh t tng m trng
tm l vic xt x ca ta n chm dt.
Tc gi khng ng nht vi hai quan im
trn m cho rng, y l mt hot ng t
php ca Nh nc.
Lu Tin Dng, Bn v p dng php
lut trong cng tc xt x, Tp ch To
n s 10 (5/2005), tr.10-14: Php lut
nc ta quy nh thm phn, hi thm c
lp v ch tun theo php lut trong xt x;
thm phn khng c gii thch lut.
Nhng php lut p dng khng phi
ch l Hin php hoc cc o lut m bao
gm c cc hng dn ca cc c quan
v cc c nhn c thm quyn t trung
ng n a phng. Thm ch, thm
phn, hi thm nhiu khi ch p dng trc
Nghin cu Lp php s
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tp ch trong tp ch
62
tp ch trong tp ch
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tp ch trong tp ch
Php lut dn s
Trn Phng t, a v php l ca
ngi nc ngoi Vit Nam tip cn
di gc php lut dn s, Tp ch
Kim st s 11(6/2005), tr. 25- 27: Hin
nay nc ta cha c mt o lut ring
quy nh v a v php l ca ngi nc
ngoi, nhng di gc php lut v
dn s th a v php l ca h c
quy nh nhiu vn bn khc nhau nh
trong lnh vc nhp cnh, xut cnh, c
tr, i li, quyn s hu ti sn v tha
k... Vic quy nh ch php l ca
ngi nc ngoi trong cc vn bn khc
nhau nhn chung l cha y , c th
to ra s h cho ngi nc ngoi li
dng hot ng gy phng hi n
an ninh - trt t. cng tc qun l
ngi nc ngoi nhanh chng i vo n
np, cn sa i, b sung cc vn bn
php lut c lin quan.
Phan Ch Hiu, Thm quyn gii
quyt cc vic kinh doanh, thng mi
theo B lut T tng dn s: Nhng
im mi v cc vn t ra trong
thc tin thi hnh, c san Ngh lut,
tr.32- 41: B lut T tng dn s c nhiu
64