Digital System Design

Lecture 14

Fixed Point Arithmatic

Floating & Fixed Point Arithmetic

Two Types of arithmetic
Floating Point Arithmetic
Used where precision and dynamic range are important
Most algorithms are developed in FP
Ease of coding
More Cost (Area, Speed, Power)

Fixed Point Arithmetic

Place of decimal is fixed
Simpler HW, low power, less silicon
Converting FP simulation to Fixed-point simulation is time
consuming
The code is less readable, need to worry about overflow
and scaling issues
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Fixed Point Arithmatic

Fixed-point v/s Floating-point Hardware

Algorithms are developed in floating point format using tools

like Matlab
Floating point processors and HW are expensive
Fixed-point processors and HW are used in embedded
systems
After algorithms are designed and tested then they are
converted into fixed-point implementation
The algorithms are ported on Fixed-point processor or
application specific hardware

Fixed Point Arithmatic

Fixed Point Arithmatic

Number Representation
In a digital design fixed or floating point numbers are

represented in binary format

Types of Representation
ones complement
sign magnitude
canonic sign digit (CSD)
twos complement

In digital system design for fixed point implementation the

canonic sign digit (CSD), and twos complement are

normally used
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Fixed Point Arithmatic

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IEEE-754 64-bit Double-Precision FloatingPoint Numbers

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Floating Point Addition/Subtraction

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Fixed Point Arithmetic

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Best way to learn DSD is to do it!

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