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June 6/13/05
June 6/13/05
Sag-tension Envelope
Span Length
Minimum Electrical
Clearance
GROUND LEVEL
June 6/13/05
June 6/13/05
A Bit of Perspective
10C-15C Uncertainty
60
55
50
45
deg C
40
Tcdr_measured is
much higher than
predicted with
alumoweld model (Hbased) or weather
based model for these
3 points. Why?
35
30
Tcdr (IEEE)
25
Tcdr (meas)
20
measurement number
June 6/13/05
10
11
12
13
Some Questions
Why can we do calculations for a single
span and use for an entire line section?
How are initial and final conditions
defined?
Why not run the maximum tension to 60%
as the NESC Code allows?
Why do I see negative tensions
(compression) in aluminum at high
temperature?
June 6/13/05
June 6/13/05
H
D=
w
w x2
w x
cosh
1
2 H
H
w S w S
cosh
1
2 H 8 H
2 2
2H
Sw
S
w
L =
sinh
S 1 +
24 H 2
w
2H
June 6/13/05
6300
1.094 600
D=
cosh
= 7.831 ft (2.387 m)
1.094
2 6300
2 * 6300
1.094 * 600
L=
sinh
= 600.272 ft (182.963 m)
1.094
2 * 6300
June 6/13/05
Catenary Calculations
What Happens when the weight of
the conductor changes
June 6/13/05
June 6/13/05
June 6/13/05
Medium
Light
Extreme wind
loading
0.50
12.5
0.25
6.5
4
190
4
190
9
430
Temperature
(oF)
(oC)
0
-20
+15
-10
+30
-1
+60
+15
0.30
4.40
0.20
2.50
0.05
0.70
0.0
0.0
June 6/13/05
0
0
0
0
See Fig 2-4
wice = 1.244t ( D c + t )
ACSR
Conductor
Dc,
in
wbare,
lb/ft
wice,
lb/ft
wbare + wice
wbare
0.398
0.1452
0.559
4.8
477 kcmil-26/7
Hawk
0.858
0.6570
0.845
2.3
1590 kcmil-54/19
Falcon"
1.545
2.044
1.272
1.6
June 6/13/05
June 6/13/05
June 6/13/05
June 6/13/05
Tension at 15C
unloaded initial
- %RTS
10
15
20
25
June 6/13/05
Tension at max
ice and wind
load - %RTS
22.6
31.7
38.4
43.5
Tension at max
ice and wind
load - kN
31.6
44.4
53.8
61.0
Initial Sag at
100C - meters
Final Sag at
100C - meters
14.6
10.9
9.0
7.8
14.6
11.0
9.4
8.4
Conductor Elongation
Thermal elongation
Conductor Elongation
Manufactured Length
June 6/13/05
Settlement
&1-hr
creep
Strain
Thermal
Strain
Elastic
Strain
Long-time
Creep
Strain
Thermal Elongation
International
Annealed Copper
Standard
Commercial
Hard-Drawn
Copper Wire
Standard
1350-H19
Aluminum
Wire
Galv.
Steel Core
Wire
Conductivity,
% IACS @ 20oC
100.00
97.00
61.2
8.0
Coefficient of
Linear Expansion
10-6 per oF
9.4
9.4
12.8
6.4
June 6/13/05
Stress-Strain Test
45,000
300
One Hour
Modulus
40,000
35,000
Initial
Modulus
30,000
200
25,000
Stress
[MPa]
20,000
70% RBS
50% RBS
15,000
100
30% RBS
10,000
Final
Modulus
5,000
0
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
Strain
% %Strain
June 6/13/05
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.450
120000
Initial "1-hour"
Aluminum
70% RBS
100000
Linear Modulus
Stress- kPa
80000
50% RBS
12 mo
creep
60000
6 mo
creep
30% RBS
40000
10 yr
creep
20000
0
-0.05
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Percent Elongation
June 6/13/05
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Conductor Elongation
100
% of Tensile Strength
80
Plastic Elong at
High Tension
60
Creep for 1
year
40
Initial
Settlement
20
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
% Increase in Length
June 6/13/05
0.50
June 6/13/05
June 6/13/05
Pivot
Attachment
Point
Tilt
Angle
T
Tension equalization
at suspension points.
Winsul
Hspan2
Wspan2
Wspan1
June 6/13/05
Insulator
Length, Li
June 6/13/05
June 6/13/05
The End
A Sag-tension Tutorial
Prepared for the IEEE TP&C
Subcommittee by Dale Douglass
June 6/13/05