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Electronic supplementary material

Table 1. ATP7A mutation database.


EXON

NT

5'UTR

~403del98

CODON

TYPE
(nucleotide)

DIS

SEQUENCE

REGION OF PROTEINa REFb

(protein)

deletion

OHS

5'UTR

15

644C>T

Q167X

substitution

nonsense MNK

CAA>TAA

CuBD 2

674insAAAG

V177-fs

insertion

frameshift MNK

insAAAG

CuBD 2

28

798del5

H218-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

delATCTT

CuBD 2-3

803del5

L219-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

delATCTC

CuBD 2-3

1035delG

S297-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

GAA^AGTACT

CuBD 3

27

1173insA

Y343X

insertion

nonsense MNK

CTA^TAT>CTATAAT

CuBD 3-4

19

5
5

1278delA

T379-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

CAA^GAAACT

CuBD 4

28

1370C>T

R409X

substitution

nonsense MNK

CGA-TGA

CuBD 4

28

1377delC

L412-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

TCC^CTT

CuBD 4

28

1605C>A

S487X

substitution

nonsense MNK

TCA>TAA

CuBD 5

E529X

substitution

nonsense MNK

GAA>TAA

CuBD 5-6

1730G>T

IVS6

IVS6+1g>a

IVS6

IVS6+5g>a

IVS6

IVS6+2del4

1879C>A

MNK

GTTgtaag>GTTataag

splice-donor

MNK

GTTgtaag>GTTgtaaa

splice-donor

OHS

GTTgtaagtaag

splice-donor

C578X

substitution

7
18
18
7,18

nonsense MNK

TGC>TGA

CuBD 6
CuBD 6

CuBD 6

28

28

1893delAG

I582-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

ATA^GAG^TCT

1913delAG

G590-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

CAC^AGAGGG

1925insT

Y594-fs

insertion

frameshift MNK

CTA^TAC>CTA^TTAC

CuBD 6 - TM 1

28

1962delT

K606-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

CAT^ATTAAA

CuBD 6 - TM 1

28

IVS7

IVS7-1g>c

splice-acceptor

IVS7

IVS7+41C>T

splice-acceptor

2030insA

E628-fs

insertion

frameshift MNK

GAA^GCT>GAA^GACT

CuBD 6 - TM 1

2030G>C

A629P

substitution

missense

GCT>CCT

CuBD 6 - TM 1

28

2055C>G

S637X

substitution

nonsense MNK

TCA>TGA

CuBD 6 - TM 1

28

TCA>TTA

CuBD 6 - TM 1

23

MNK

MNK
OHS

agAGC>acAGC

28

same as C2055T

23

2055C>T

S637L

substitution

missense

2078C>T

R645X

substitution

nonsense MNK

CGA>TGA

CuBD 6 - TM 1

2081G>T

E646X

substitution

nonsense MNK

GAA>TAA

CuBD 6 - TM 1

IVS8

IVS8+1g>c

splice-donor

MNK

ACAgta>ACActa

IVS8

IVS8+2t>c

splice-donor

MNK

ACAgta>ACAgca

IVS8

IVS8+2del2

splice-donor

MNK

ACAgtaagt

28

28
5

IVS8

IVS8+5g>a

splice-donor

MNK

ACAgtaag>ACAgtaaa

28

IVS8

IVS8+5g>c

splice-donor

MNK

ACAgtaag>ACAgtaac

28

IVS8

IVS8+6t>g

splice-donor

MNK

ACAgtaagt>ACAgtaag

IVS8

IVS8dup5

splice-acceptor

MNK

ataagAT>ataagataagAT

2201delA

N686-fs

deletion

28
5,28

frameshift MNK

AAT^CAAAAC

TM 1 - TM 2

28

TM 1 - TM 2

28

2213G>T

E690X

substitution

nonsense MNK

GAA>TAA

2262T>G

L706R

substitution

missense

MNK

CTT>CGT

TM 2

2298T>A

L718X

substitution

nonsense MNK

TTA>TAA

TM 2

20

2317G>T

Q724H

substitution

missense

CAG>CAT

TM 2

IVS9

IVS9+5g>c

splice-donor

MNK
MNK

10
19

10

2324G>A

G727R

substitution

missense

GGA>AGA

TM 2

10

2348insT

A735-fs

insertion

frameshift MNK

CAG^GCT>CAGGACT

TM 2 - TM 3

28

10

2429delTT

L762-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

TAC^TCTTTG

TM 3

28

MNK

10

2459del4

R771-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

GAGAGAGCC

TM 3 - TM 4

10

2482del14

T779-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

CCT^ATTACTTTCTTTGACACACCCCCT

TM 4

10

2528C>T

R795X

substitution

nonsense MNK

CGA>TGA

TM 4

IVS10

IVS10+3a>t

splice-donor

OHS

gtaaagt>gttaagt

28

7
28
28
22

11

2591C>T

Q816X

substitution

nonsense MNK

CAA>TAA

TD

17

11

2642A>G

S833G

substitution

missense

AGT>GGT

TD

12

2653delA

Q836-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

GAA^CAAGTG

TD

27

12

2763T>G

L873R

substitution

missense

MNK

CTC>CGC

TD

IVS12

IVS12-2a>g

MNK

agGGG>ggGGG

13

2831C>T

splice-acceptor
Q896X
Q924X

substitution
substitution

OHS

19
28

nonsense MNK

CAG>TAG

TD

28

nonsense MNK

CAA>TAA

TD

28

13

2915C>T

14

3012G>A

W956X

substitution

nonsense MNK

TGG>TAG

TM 5

28

14

3032delA

N963-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

TTT^CTGAATTTT

TM 5

28

IVS14

IVS14-4a>g

15

3083delC

R980-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

ATC^TCCCGAACA

TM 5 - TM 6

15

3083C>T

R980X

substitution

nonsense MNK

TCC^CGA

TM 5 - TM 6

15

3101C>T

R986X

substitution

nonsense MNK

CGA>TGA

TM 6

21

15

3162T>C

L1006P

substitution

missense

CTG>CCG

TM 6

28

splice-acceptor

OHS

MNK

6
28
7

15

3201G>A

G1019D

substitution

missense

15

3219insAT

I1024-fs

insertion

frameshift MNK

MNK

GGT>GAT

TM 6

28

ATACTA>ATACTATA

TM 6

16

3386G>T

E1081X

substitution

nonsense MNK

GAA>TAA

PD - SEHPL

28

16

3392insA

N1083-fs

insertion

frameshift MNK

AGTAAC>AGTAAAC

PD - SEHPL

28

16

3438delAG

Q1098-fs deletion

frameshift MNK

AAACAGGTAC

SEHPL - ATP

17

3498G>A

G1118D

substitution

missense

GGT>GAT

ATP

17

3636delT

I1164-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

TCC^ATGATTATT

ATP

28

IVS17

IVS17+5g>a

19

3825delC

A1227-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

ATAGCC

ATP

17

19

3849delA

E1235-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

AAG^CCTGAAGCA

ATP

28

19

3908G>A

G1255R

substitution

missense

GGA>AGA

ATP

20

4026delA

K1294-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

GAG^GGGAAA

ATP

28

20

4049G>A

G1302R

substitution

missense

GGA>AGA

ATP

20

4150delG

R1335-fs

deletion

frameshift MNK

ATA^AGGAAT

ATP

IVS20

IVS20-2a>g

21

4159delTCT

L1339del deletion

deletion

21

4175insTGCCA

S1344-fs

insertion

frameshift MNK

splice-donor

MNK
mild

splice-acceptor

MNK

MNK

6,16

MNK

agAA>ggAA

MNK

GATCTTCTGGAT or GATCTTCTGGAT

ATP

GCA^ATGCCAGT

ATP

28

21

4177T>A

S1344R

substitution

missense

MNK

AGT>AGA

ATP

21

4178A>T

I1345F

substitution

missense

MNK

ATT>TTT

ATP

A1362V

substitution

missense

MNK

GCT>GTT

TM 7

21

4230C>T

IVS21

IVS21+3a>t

22

4277insA

M1378-fs insertion

frameshift MNK

TTT^AATG

TM 7

22

4286del10

G1381-fs deletion

frameshift MNK

CCC^ATTGGTTTGGTTTTGCA

TM 7

28

22

4346delGT

V1400-fs

frameshift MNK

28

splice-donor

22/IVS22 4353del15+IVS22del19 L1402-fs


IVS22

IVS22+2t>c

23

4497delG

deletion
splice-donor
splice-donor

K1449-fs

deletion

MNK

GTT^TCTGTAGTA

TM 8

MNK

CTT^TCTTCTCTCTTAAACTgtaagtatgatagcttttg

C-terminus

MNK

ACTgt>ACTgc

frameshift OHS

AAA^CTGGGT

CuBD: copper-binding domain; TM: transmembrane helix; TD: transduction domain; PD: phosphorylation domain;
SEHPL: conserved SEHPL motif; ATP: ATP-binding domain
b

Full references listed below

1
9

7
28

C-terminus

References
1. Ambrosini L, Mercer JFB (1999) Defective copper-induced trafficking and localization of the Menkes protein in patients with mild and copper-treated classical Menkes
disease. Hum Mol Genet 8: 1547-1555.
2. Barton NW, Dambrosia JM, Barranger JA (1983) Menkes kinky hair syndrome: report of a case in a female infant. Neurology 33 (Suppl 2), 154.
3. Beck J, Enders H, Schliephacke M, Buchwald-Saal M, Tumer Z (1994) X;1 translocation in a female Menkes patient: characterization by FISH. Clin Genet 46: 295-298.
4. Dagenais SL, Adam AN, Innis JW and Glover TW (2001) A novel frameshift mutation in exon 23 of ATP7A results in occipital horn syndrome and not in Menkes
disease. Am J Hum Genet 69: 420-427.
5. Das S, Levinson B, Whitney S, Vulpe C, Packman S, Gitschier J (1994) Diverse mutations in patients with Menkes disease often lead to exon skipping. Am J Hum
Genet 55: 883-889.
6. Das S, Levinson B, Vulpe C, Whitney S, Gitschier J, Packman S (1995) Similar splicing mutations of the Menkes/mottled copper-transporting ATPase gene in occipital
horn syndrome and the blotchy mouse. Am J Hum Genet 56: 570-576.
7. Gu YH, Kodam H, Murata Y, Mochizuki D, Tanagawa Y, Ushijima H, Shiba T, Lee CC (2001) ATP7A gene mutations in 16 patients with Menkes disease and a patients
with occipital horn syndrome. Am J Med Genet 99:217-222.
8. Hahn S, Cho K, Ryu K, Kim J, Pai K, Kim M, Park H, Yoo O. (2001) Identification of four novel mutations in classical Menkes diseas and successful prenatal DNA
diagnosis. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 73: 86-90.
9. Kaler SG, Gallo LK, Proud VK, Percy AK, Mark Y, Segal NA, Goldstein DS, Holmes CS, Gahl WA (1994) Occipital horn syndrome and a mild Menkes phenotype
associated with splice site mutations at the MNK locus. Nat Genet 8: 195-202.
10. Kaler SG, Buist NRM, Holmes CS, Goldstein DS, Miller RC, Gahl WA (1995) Early copper therapy in classic Menkes disease patients with a novel splicing mutation.
Ann Neurol 38: 921-928.
11. Kaler SG, Das S, Levinson B, Goldstein DS, Holmes CS, Patronas NJ, Packman S, Gahl WA 1996) Successful early copper therapy in Menkes disease associated
with a mutant transcript containing a small in-frame deletion. Biochemical and Molecular Medicine 57: 37-46.
12. Kapur S, Higgins JV, Delp K, Rogers B (1987) Menkes syndrome in a girl with X-autosome translocation. Am J Med Genet 26: 503-510.
13. Levinson B, Packman S, Gitschier J (1997) Mutation analysis of mottled pewter. Mouse Genome 95:163-165.
14. Levinson B, Packman S, Gitschier J (1997) Deletion of the promoter region of the Atp7a gene of the mottled dapplied mouse. Nat Genet 16:223-224.
15. Levinson B, Conant R, Schnur R, Das S, Packman S, Gitschier J (1996) A repeated element in the regulatory region of the MNK gene and its deletion in a patients
with occipital horn syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 5:1737-1742.
16. Levinson B, Gitschier J, Vulpe C, Whitney S, Yang S, Packman S (1993) Are X-linked cutis laxa and Menkes disease allelic? Nat Genet 3:6.
17. Mak BS, Chi CS and Tsai CR (2002) Menkes gene study in the Chinese population. J Child Neurol 17(4): 250-2.
18. Moller LB, Tumer Z, Lund C, Petersen C, Cole T, Hanusch R, Seidel J, Jensen LR, Horn N (2000) Similar splice-site mutations of the ATP7A gene lead to different
phenotypes: classical Menkes disease or occipital horn syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 66:1211-1220.
19. Ogawa A, Yamamoto, S, Takayanagi M, Kogo T, Kanazawa M, Kohno Y. (1999) Identification of the three novel mutations in the MNK gene in three unrelated
Japanese patients with classical Menkes disease. J Hum Genet 44:206-209.
20. Ogawa A, Yamamoto S, Kanazawa M, Ogawa E, Takayangi M, Hasegawa S, Kohno Y. (2000) Novel mutation of L718X in the ATP7A gene in a Japanese patients
with classical Menkes disease, and four novel polymorphisms in the Japanese population. J Hum Genet 45: 315-317.
21. Ozawa H, Kodama H, Murata Y, Takashima S, Noma S. (2001) Transient temporal lobe changes and a novel mutation in a patient with Menkes disease. Pediatrics
International 43: 437-440.
22. Qi M, Byers PH (1998) Constitutive skipping of alternatively spliced exon 10 in ATP7A gene abolishes Golgi localization of the Menkes protein and produces the
occipital horn syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 7: 465-469.

23. Ronce N, Moizard MP, Robb L, Toutain A, Villard L, Moraine C (1997) A C2055T transition in exon 8 of the ATP7A gene is associated with exon skipping in an
occipital horn syndrome family. Am J Hum Genet 61: 233-238.
24. Tumer Z, Tommerup N, Kreuder J, Craig IW, Horn N (1992) Mapping of the Menkes locus to Xq13.3-q21.2. Hum Genet 88: 668-672.
25. Tumer Z, Tonnesen T, Bohmann J, Marg W, Horn N (1994) First trimester prenatal diagnosis of Menkes disease by DNA analysis. J Med Genet 31:615-517.
26. Tumer Z, Tonnesen T, Horn N. (1994) Detection of genetic defects in Menkes disease by direct mutation analysis and its implication in carrier diagnosis. J Inher
Metab Dis 17: 267-270.
27. Tumer Z, Horn N, Tonnesen T, Christodoulou J, Clarke JTR, Sarkar B (1996) Early copper-histidine treatment for Menkes disease. Nat Genet 12: 11-13.
28. Tumer Z, Lund C, Tolshave J, Vural B, Tonnesen T, Horn N. (1997) Identification of point mutations in 41 unrelated patients affected with Menkes disease. Am J Hum
Genet 60:63-71.

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