964/1

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
NEGERI PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR 2009

BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
MULTIPLE-CHOICE

ANSWERS

11

21

31

41

12

22

32

42

13

23

33

43

14

24

34

44

15

25

35

45

16

26

36

46

17

27

37

47

18

28

38

48

19

29

39

49

10

20

30

40

50

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
NEGERI PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR
2009

BIOLOGY
PAPER 2

MARKING SCHEME

CONFIDENTIAL*

1. (a) - during S phase / interphase

(b) - enzyme C :

DNA polymerase

- function :

adds complementary nucleotides to the growing strand

- enzyme D:

DNA ligase

- function :

links Okazaki fragments by forming phosphodiester

bonds between the fragments

lagging strand, which is synthesized discontinuously

leading strand, which is synthesized continuously

1
1

(d) - because each new DNA molecule contains one old and
one new strand

(e) - the template for strand X is in the 5 to 3 end direction

(c) - strand X :
- strand Y :

- DNA polymerase only adds nucleotides at the 3 of a growing

Strand
- therefore, strand X has to be synthesized away from replication fork
any 2

1
1
2
------total 10

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

(a)

(b)

A:
B:
C:
D:

Resting potential
depolarization
repolarisation
refractory period

1
1
1
1

- The active transport of sodium and potassium ions in

and out across the membrane/ 3Na+ out, 2 K + in
- The membrane is more permeable to potassium ions
compared to sodium ions ; thus more potassium ions
diffuse out of the neurone compared to sodium ions diffuse in

1
1
2

(c)
B / depolarization
Sodium-gated channels
open

C / Repolarisation
Potassium-gated channesl open

Sodium ions enter the neurone

Potassium ions leave the neurone

The inside of a neurone

becomes positive

The inside of a neurone becomes negative

(d)

(e)

Any 2 pairs
- the potassium-gated channels remain open / slow to close
This allows further efflux of potassium ions

- Limits the frequency in which impulses may flow

- Ensures that impulses flow in one direction
along the nerve

2
1

1
1
any 1

1
total

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

--------10

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

3 (a) - graph S : absolute growth curve

- graph T : absolute growth rate curve

1
1

(b) - graph S : actual increase in size / area/ growth over a period of time
- graph T : the increase in size / area / growth per unit time over
a period of time

1
1

(c) - annual plant

(d) (i)
(ii)

- Limited growth
- the growth curve is a sigmoid curve

- woody plants are perennial plants

- display unlimited growth
- the growth curve is a series of sigmoid curve

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

1
1
1

3
----Total 10

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

4 (a) - DNA that contains genes from more than one source

(b) - step I : Insertion of the DNA fragment into the plasmid

- step II : Transformation / introducing recombinant DNA into

host cell
- step III: DNA cloning / amplification making multiple copies
of target gene

1
1

(c)

- to produce the same sticky / blunt ends which are

complementary to each other

(d)

- cultured in a medium containing antibiotics/ ampicillin and X-gal

before a blue-white screening
- hybridization by using genetics / radioactive probes

(i)

(e)

- insulin produced through genetic engineering is similar

to human insulin
- insulin produced is non allergic
- cheaper / not costly

1
1

Any 2
(ii)

- because DNA / gene only codes for the synthesis of a

protein and blood is not a protein

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

2
1

Total

----10

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

5. (a)

i.

answer
polymerization is formation of long repeated units of monomer

ii.

by condensation with the removal of water molecules

iii.

in cellulose the monomer unit is -glucose

iv

-glucose linked together by - 1,4 glycosidic bonds

[any 3]

i.

Polysaccharide
does not involve ribosome

marks
1

maximum

polypeptide
Involve ribosome

marks
1/0

ii. only involve one type of monomer

hexose molecule

Involve 20 different types of amino acid

1/0

iii. formation of glycosidic bonds between

the monomers

formation of peptide bonds between the monomers

1/0

iv. does not involve gene / DNA

Involve gene / DNA to code the amino acid

sequences

1/0

v. does not involve mRNA and tRNA

Involve mRNA and tRNA

1/0

vi. no transcription and translation stages

Involves transcription and translation stages

1/0

[ Any 4 pairs]

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

maximum

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

(b)

i.

Answer
the active site of an enzyme is flexible

marks
1

ii.

and not exactly complementary / fitting to the shape of the substrate

iii.

the active site of an enzyme can be modified when its interacts with substrate

iv.

the active site changes its shape slightly as the substrate enters

v.

the active site continues to change until the substrate is completely bound and
final shape is determined

vi

making the fit more precise

vii

these structural changes may help to stabilized the transition state

viii.

when the substrate binds to the enzyme, it forms an enzyme substrate complex

ix

the substrate is then converted into products

x.

the products are released from the active sites

xi,

the enzymes return to its original conformation

xi.

Products are released from the active sites

xii.

the enzymes return to its original conformation

[any 8]

maximum

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

6. (a)
Plants
i. occurs in roots / seed / storage organ
/tuber

Animals
Occurs in skeletal muscles

ii. occurs when root are submerged //

oxygen supply decreases

Occurs when muscles are actively

Contracting

1/0

iii. products are ethanol and carbon

dioxide

Product is lactic acid

1/0

iv. pyruvate changed / reduced to ethanal

first then to its final product, ethanol

Pyruvate directly changed / reduced to its

final product , lactic acid

1/0

v. ethanol is poisonous / can kill the plant

cells

Lactic acid is still useful / not poisonous

1/0

vi. ethanol cannot be converted back to

glucose

Lactic acid can be converted back to glucose

1/0

vii. anaerobic respiration is not needed

to sustain the supply of ATP

anaerobic respiration is useful to sustain the

supply of ATP

1/0

Any 6 pairs

marks
1/0

maximum

6 (b)

i.

Answer
NAD involved in cellular respiration

ii.

2 molecules of reduced NAD / NADH produced in glycolysis

iii.

1 / 2 molecules of NADH produced in link reaction

iv.

3 / 6 molecules of NADH produced in Kreb cycle

v.

NAD accepts hydrogen / electron and transfers / carry to the inner mitochondrial
membranes / cristae / cytochromes / ETC / matrix

vi.

NADP involved in photosynthesis

vii

viii.

marks
1

NADP accept electron and hydrogen ion forming NADPH in non-cyclic

photophosphorylation / light dependent reaction / light reaction
NADPH used in Calvin cycle / dark reaction / light independent reaction

ix.

NADPH is used to reduce CO2 / in reduction phase

x.

NADPH reduces glycerate -1,3-diphosphate into

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*
glyceraldehydes- 3-phosphate /
[ Any 9]

PGAL
maximum

7. (a)

i.

Answer
cocaine present in the synaptic cleft

marks
1

ii.

cocaine bind to the transporter molecules

iii.

cocaine delays the breakdown of norepinephrine / dopamine / noradrenaline

iv.

reuptake/reabsorption of the norepinephrine / dopamine / noradrenalin from synaptic cleft is prevented / blocked

v.

norepinephrine / dopamine / noradrenalin remains / accumulates in the

synaptic cleft

vi.

norepinephrine / dopamine / noradrenalin keep on binding to the receptors on

the post-synaptic membrane

vii.

impulses will be generated repeatedly

viii.

causes continuous euphoria / intense pleasure

[ Any 6]

maximum

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

10

(b)
i.

Answer
HIV glycoprotein (gp 120) binds to CD4 receptor on the surface of the helper T
cell / TH cell / host cell

marks
1

ii.

HIV protein envelope / lipoprotein / fuse with / to host cell membrane

iii.

Reverse transcriptase and viral RNA enter the host / TH cell by endocytosis

iv.

reverse transcriptase makes a DNA copy (cDNA) of the viral DNA // The first DNA
strand is formed from RNA viral by using reverse transcriptase

v.

DNA copy (cDNA) / the first DNA strand becomes a template for the synthesis of
complementary / second strand of viral DNA

vi.

the double stranded viral DNA formed then enters the nucleus and incorporated
into the DNA of the host cell called provirus

vii.

each time the hosts DNA divides / replicates, viral DNA / provirus also replicates

viii.

this carries on for six years without any symptoms of disease are exhibited

ix.

the activated provirus will direct the host cell to synthesis new viral protein and viral RNA

x.

new viral protein and RNA assembled into new retroviruses

xi.

new retrovirus particles bud off from host cell membrane by exocytosis

xii.

finally, the virus spreads to all the helper T cells and destroys them

xiii.

resulting the destruction of the immune system

Any 9
Maximum

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

11

8. (a)
marks
1

i.

answer
these types of plants are short day plants
The plants require a period of darkness equal to / longer than critical night
length
light / spotlight flashes from vehicles interrupt / shorten the period of darkness

ii.
iii.
iv.

causes the conversion of Pr into Pfr

v.

Pfr is the (biological) active form

vi.

high concentration / level of Pfr inhibit flowering in SDPs

1
[any 5]
Maximum

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

12

(b) Explain the changes happens and action of hormone on the onset of labour in human
[10marks]

i.

answer
estrogen level high in the end / last week of pregnancy

marks
1

ii.

stimulate the development of oxytocin receptor in uterine wall

// increase the sensitivity of uterus muscle/myometrium to oxytocin

iii.

babys head / growing fetus press against the mother cervix

vi.

causing the cervix and uterine wall to stretch

v.

this stimulates maternal posterior pituitary to release oxytocin

vi.

and also stimulates fetal pituitary gland secretes ACTH

vii.

ACTH triggers fetal adrenal gland to secrete corticosteroids hormone

viii.

corticosteroids hormone triggers placenta to secrete prostaglandin

ix.

oxytocin also stimulates placenta / fetal to produce prostaglandin

x.

both prostaglandin and oxytocin stimulates a powerful contraction of

myometrium / uterus wall

xi.

The more frequent the myometrium contracts, the more oxytocin

/ prostaglandin produced
the uterus contraction also stimulates stretch receptors in the uterine wall
and the cervix to trigger further release of oxytocin

xiii.

the cervix dilates / widen, its tissue softens and become more flexible and
amniotic bag burst

xiv.

contractions become stronger and stronger / more frequent help to push

baby down/out
(Any 10)
Maximum

xii.

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

10

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

13

9.(a)
Multiple alleles:
Answer
one particular characteristic / phenotype is controlled
by three or more alleles

marks
1

ii.

each allele can occupy the same gene locus on a pair

of homologous chromosomes

iii.

only two alleles can occupy a locus on a pair of homologous

chromosomes at any time
e.g. human ABO blood group

i.

iv.

Maximum

Polygenic inheritance:

i.

Answer
one particular characteristic is controlled by two or more than two
different genes

ii.

genes located at different loci on different chromosomes

iii.

each dominant allele has a small quantitative effect individually on the

phenotype// phenotype produced is the total effect of all dominant genes
present

iv.

e.g. height in human

1
Maximum

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

Marks
1

CONFIDENTIAL*

14

CONFIDENTIAL*

(b)
[9 marks]
Parents (p)

Phenotype

Red smooth seed

R

White wrinkled seed

Genotypes

x
S

Meiosis

Gametes

Fertilisation

F1 generation
genotype

Phenotype

All red and smooth seed

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

CONFIDENTIAL*

15

CONFIDENTIAL*

Test cross for F1 progeny

]
R
1

Genotype

x
S

Phenotype

Red smooth seed

White wrinkled seed

Gametes

Recombinant/new
combination of genes

Genotype
offspring

Phenotypes

Red
smooth

White
wrinkled

Prental
combination
346

335

Red
wrinkled

White
smooth

Recombinants forms as a
result of crossing over
40

39

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

CONFIDENTIAL*

16

CONFIDENTIAL*
Maximum 9

10. (a)

i.

answer
to sustain the biodiversity / flora and fauna of ecosystems

ii.

to maintain / improve the quality of life

iii.

to prevent the useful biological resources that have economical /medicinal

value from extinct

iv.

to prevent the biogeochemical cycles from disrupted by the extinction of

some species

v.

to prevent an extreme global climatic changes

vi.

to keep the ecosystems in their natural state (e.g. ecotourism) which provides
aesthetic values for humans

vii.

to protect the environment for future generation

maximum

marks
1

(b)(i)

i.

answer
is development that can continue indefinitely

ii.

can be achieved by minimizing the use of non-renewable resources

iii.

and controlling the use of renewable resources of the earth

Maximum

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

marks
1

CONFIDENTIAL*

CONFIDENTIAL*

17

(b) (ii)
techniques
i. Replanting trees in
areas that have been
logged
ii. Creating forest
reserves

benefits
Can decrease the carbon dioxide level in the
Atmosphere // can reduced the greenhouse
Effect

marks
1+1

- Able to avoid the complete destruction and

maintain the biodiversity of the forests.
- to keep the ecosystems in their natural
state(e.g. ecotourism) which provides aesthetic
values for humans

1+1

- to avoid lost of wildlife and potential resources

[any 1]
iii. Selective logging /
only selects tree with
certain diameters /
species can be felled
iv. Enforcement of laws and
surveillance
iv.

Recycling of paper

- to maintain soil fertility

- to prevent flood, soil erosion
- to avoid species extinct
- to avoid loss of watershed areas
- to avoid water pollution
To prevent illegal logging

1+1

1+1

To reduce the demand for new raw materials

Any 4 pairs

964/2
This Question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over.

Total

1+1

CONFIDENTIAL*