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KALYANSIR:PREAMBLE

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PREAMBLE
KALYANSIR.COM

PreambleistheintroductiontotheConstitution.

This is the modified version of the Objectives Resolution that was moved by
Jawaharlal Nehru on December 13, 1946 and adopted by the Constituent Assembly on
January22,1947.

Note:Pleaserememberthedates.

We, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly

resolvedtoConstituteIndiaintoaSovereign,Socialist,
Secular, Democratic Republic and to secure to all its
citizens:
JUSTICE,Social,EconomicandPolitical
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and
worship
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EQUALITY of status and of opportunity and to

promoteamongthemall
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual
andtheunityandintegrityoftheNation
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty
sixthdayofNovember,1949,doHEREBYADOPT,
ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS
CONSTITUTION.

SofarPreamblehasbeenamendedonlyonceintheyear1976through42ndamendment.

The42ndamendmentadded3newwordstothePreamble.

SOCIALIST
SECULAR
INTEGRITY
Note:Underlined
TheConstitutionderivesauthorityfromthepeople(Wethepeople...).
Is preamble a part of the Constitution? (Read carefully, many times there were
questionsfromthisarea).
1960 In the Berubari case the Supreme Court ruled that Preamble is not a part of
Constitution.

1973IntheKesavanandaBharativ.StateofKeralacasetheSupremeCourtrejected
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theearlieropinionandheldthatPreambleisapartoftheConstitution.TheCourtsaidthat
theConstitutioncouldnotbeamendedsoastoalterthebasicelements.
1995InLICofIndiav.ConsumerEducationandResearchcentrecasetheSupreme
CourtagainheldthatthePreambleisanintegralpartoftheIndianConstitution.
Note:(PleaserememberPreambleisnonjustifiable).

KALYANSIR.COM

THECOMPONENTSOFTHEPREAMBLE:
ThepeopleofIndiaarethesourceoftheConstitution.
ThePreambledeclaresIndiatobeofa
Sovereign
Socialist
Secular
Democratic
Republic
ThepreamblespecifiestheobjectivesoftheConstitution.
Justice
Liberty
Equality
Fraternity
ThedateofadoptionismentionedinthePreambleisNovember26,1949.

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Note:Notthedateonwhichtheconstitutioncameintoforce.

ThePreambleindicatesthesourcefromwhichtheConstitutionderiveditsauthority.

The Preamble also states the objects which the Constitution seeks to establish and
promote.

KALYANSIR.COM

SOVEREIGN:
Sovereignmeansindependentauthorityofastate.
Thisistheabsoluteandsupremepower.
ThismeansthatIndiahasthepowertolegislateonanysubject.
Indiaisnotsubjecttothecontrolofanyexternalauthority.
Indiaisneitherdependencynoradominionofanyothernationbutanindependentstate.
REPUBLIC:
Itmeanstheheadofthestateiselected.
Whatisstate?
ThisisexplainedbytheConstitutionunderArticles12
and36.
ARTICLE12:InthisPart(PartIII),unlessthecontext
otherwise requires, the State includes the
Government and Parliament of India and the
Government and the Legislature of each of the States
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andalllocalorotherauthoritieswithintheterritoryof
IndiaorunderthecontroloftheGovernmentofIndia.
ARTICLE36:InthisPart(PartIV),unlessthecontext
otherwiserequires,theStatehasthesamemeaningas
inPartIII.

IndiahasanelectedPresidentattheheadforafixedtermof5years.
NOTE: The President is elected indirectly through the method of proportional
representationbymeansofasingletransferablevote.
Everycitizenwiththequalificationsmentionedintheconstitutioniseligibletocontestin
theelectionofthePresident.AllofficesincludingthatofthePresidentwillbeopentoall
citizens.
SOCIALIST:
Thisisaddedthroughthe42ndamendmentactof1976.
Thewordsocialismmeansplacingmeansofproductionanddistributioninthehandsof
publiccontrol.(state).
Socialism also means elimination of inequalities in income and status and standard of
living.
InIndiathisistheDemocraticSocialism.
Here there is an existence of both Public and Private sectors. This is called mixed
economy.
Thesocialismstrivestoendinequalityofopportunity.
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SECULAR:
Thetermsecularwasaddedthroughthe42ndamendmentintheyear1976.
Thismeansthestatehasnoofficialreligion.
Allreligionsinthecountryhavethesamestatusandsupport.
DEMOCRATIC:
(Demos=PeopleKratia=Rule)
Democracymeansrulebythepeople.
Thepeopleofthecountryelecttheirownrepresentatives.
InIndiaitisarepresentativedemocracy.
Onemanonevoteistheconceptindemocracy.
KALYANSIR.COM

JUSTICE:
Justiceisharmonizingtheinterestsbetweentheindividualsandbetweentheindividuals
andgroupsandtheinterestofthecommunity.
Thisisnotjustconfinedtothelegaljustice.
Social justice implies that all citizens are treated equally irrespective of their status in
societyasaresultoftheaccidentofbirth,race,caste,religion,sex,titleetc.
Article38saysthatthestateshouldstrivetopromotethewelfareofthepeople.
ECONOMICJUSTICE:Richandpooraretreatedalike.
Article39:Certainprinciplesofpolicytobefollowedbythestate.(equalpayforequal
work)

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POLITICALJUSTICE:
Everycitizenisgivenequalpriorityinthepoliticalsphere.
Because of this irrespective of propriety or educational qualifications, every citizen is
allowedtoparticipateinthepoliticalsystem.
Allcitizenshavetherighttoparticipateinthepoliticalprocess.
Articles325and326providefortheequalrightstoalladultstoparticipateinelections.
ARTICLE325:Nopersontobeineligibleforinclusioninortoclaimtobeincludedina
special,electoralrollsongroundsofreligion,race,casteorsex.
ARTICLE 326: Elections to the House of People (Lok Sabha) and to the legislative
assembliesofstatestobeonthebasisofadultfranchise.

LIBERTY:
ItistheLibertyofthough,expression,belief,faithandworship.
Article19guaranteesthefreedomofspeech,expressionetc.
Articles25to28(righttoreligion)oftheconstitutionthefreedomofreligionincluding
thebelief,faithandworship.
Note:AllFundamentalRightsrightsaregrantedwiththereasonablerestrictions.
EQUALITY:
Allcitizensareequalbeforethelawandenjoyequalprotectionofthelawoftheland.
NOTE:
1.EqualitybeforelawborrowedfromUK
2.EqualprotectionofLawsborrowedfromtheUSA.
There can be no discrimination between one person and another on the grounds of
religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth in matters related to access to public places and
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publicemployment.
Allcitizensenjoyequalpoliticalrights.
Article14TO18oftheIndianConstitutiontalksaboutrighttoequality.
KALYANSIR.COM

FRATERNITY:
Thismeanspromotingbrotherhoodamongallthecitizens.
Singlecitizenshipisdirectedtowardspromotingthefraternity.
Thefundamentalrightsthatareguaranteedalsopromotethefraternity.
TheDirectivePrinciplesofStatePolicytalksaboutthepromotionofharmony.
TheobjectiveoftheDignityoftheindividualwastoimprovethequalityoflifeforthe
individuals.
Theunityandintegrityofthenationispossiblethroughthedignityoftheindividual.
ARTICLE51A(FundamentalDuties)makesitthedutyofeverycitizentoupholdand
protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India and promote harmony and
brotherhood.
KALYANSIR.COM

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