WCDMARAN,Rel.

RU40,
OperatingDocumentation,
Issue05
ImpactofTransportNetwork
ImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance
DN0983316
Issue01A
ApprovalDate2011-04-21

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance

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DN0983316

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ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance

TableofContents
Thisdocumenthas41pages

Summaryofchanges..................................................................... 7

Issue:01A

IntroductionofImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentson
WCDMANetworkPerformance..................................................... 8

2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3

Measurementmethods.................................................................. 9
Introduction.................................................................................... 9
Generalassumptions..................................................................... 9
Testnetworkarchitecture............................................................... 9
Testsetup.....................................................................................10

3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2

Iubperformancevalues................................................................12
ProcedureKPIs............................................................................ 12
MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime........................................12
PDPContextActivationAccept....................................................13
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH........................................... 14
RoundTripTime(RTT)onDCH...................................................15
RoundTripTime(RTT)onHSPA.................................................16
Throughputvs.impairmentvalues............................................... 18
HSDPAresults..............................................................................18
HSUPAresults..............................................................................21
R99results................................................................................... 23
Linebreaktests............................................................................24
RANbehavior...............................................................................24
Services....................................................................................... 24

4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3

Iuperformancevalues..................................................................25
ProcedureKPIs............................................................................ 25
MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime........................................25
PDPContextActivationAccept....................................................26
HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH........................................... 27
RoundTripTime(RTT)onDCH...................................................28
RoundTripTime(RTT)onHSPA.................................................29
Throughputvs.impairmentvalues............................................... 31
HSDPAresults.............................................................................31
HSUPAresults..............................................................................32
R99results................................................................................... 34

Summary...................................................................................... 35

6
6.1
6.2
6.3

Appendix...................................................................................... 36
IEEE1588v2TimingoverPacket(ToP)........................................ 36
3GPPQoSrequirements............................................................. 37
Messageflows............................................................................. 38

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ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance

6.3.1

MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime........................................38

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ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance

ListofFigures

Issue:01A

Figure1

IPIutests............................................................................................10

Figure2

Exponentialdelaydistribution............................................................. 11

Figure3

IPIubdelayvs.mobiletomobilecallsetuptime................................12

Figure4

ImpactofIubdelayonPDPContextActivationTime......................... 14

Figure5

ImpactofIubdelayonHSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH............. 14

Figure6

32bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonR99..................................................15

Figure7

1400bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonR99..............................................16

Figure8

32bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonHSPA............................................... 17

Figure9

1400bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonHSPA........................................... 17

Figure10

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay................................... 18

Figure11

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubjitterwiderange............... 19

Figure12

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubjitter..................................... 19

Figure13

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubPLRwiderange............... 20

Figure14

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubPLR..................................... 20

Figure15

HSUPA2Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay....................... 21

Figure16

HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay.................... 22

Figure17

HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.Iubjitter...........................22

Figure18

HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IubPLR.......................... 23

Figure19

R99FTPdatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay......................................... 23

Figure20

IPIudelayvs.mobiletomobilecallsetuptime..................................25

Figure21

ImpactofIudelayonPDPContextActivationTime........................... 26

Figure22

ImpactofIudelayonHSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH............... 27

Figure23

32bytepingvs.IPIudelayonR99....................................................28

Figure24

1400bytepingvs.IPIudelayonR99................................................29

Figure25

32bytepingvs.IPIudelayonHSPA................................................. 30

Figure26

1400bytepingvs.IPIudelayonHSPA............................................. 30

Figure27

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay..................................... 31

Figure28

HSUPA2Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay........................ 32

Figure29

HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay...................... 33

Figure30

HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IuPLR4.......................... 33

Figure31

R99FTPdatathroughputvs.IPIudelay........................................... 34

Figure32

FlexiWCDMAToPclockMAFEmaskandaMAFEcurveofahighly
stressedconnection.Tauistheaveragingwindowsizeusedinthe
MAFEcalculation................................................................................36

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ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance

ListofTables

Table1

Measurementsettingsforbothinterface............................................ 11

Table2

RationaleforCallSetupTime.............................................................12

Table3

RationaleforPDPContextAccept.................................................... 13

Table4

HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH..................................................14

Table5

Configurationschecked...................................................................... 18

Table6

RationaleforCallSetupTime.............................................................25

Table7

RationaleforPDPContextAccept..................................................... 26

Table8

HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH..................................................27

Table9

Checkedconfigurations...................................................................... 31

Table10

3GPPQoSrequirements....................................................................37

Table11

HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH..................................................38

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ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

Summaryofchanges

Summaryofchanges
Issue01A(2011-04-21,WCDMARANRU20)
Chapter4.Iuperformancevalueshasbeenadded.

Issue01(2010-12-01,WCDMARANRU20)
Thisisthefirstissueofthedocument.

Issue:01A

DN0983316

IntroductionofImpactofTransportNetwork
ImpairmentsonWCDMANetworkPerformance

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

1 IntroductionofImpactofTransportNetwork
ImpairmentsonWCDMANetwork
Performance
Thisdocumentdescribesseveralinherentsystemdependenciesfromtransmission
networkperformance.Basedonthosedependencies,conclusionscanbedrawnforthe
requirementsfortheIPtransportnetwork.Thevaluespresentedinthisdocument
representNokiaSolutionsandNetworkscurrentbestunderstanding.Allmeasurements
presentedinthisdocumentweretakeninanunloadednetwork,socapacityissueswere
notchecked.
WhenconsideringIPbasedIubandIulinks,higherdegradationmaybeexpected
becauseofthetrafficcharacteristic,systemsetup,andsoftwarerelease.NokiaSolutions
andNetworksrecommendschoosinglinkparametersaccordingtotheoperators
strategyandservicequalitypolicy.
Thisdocumentisdividedintothefollowingsections:

Section2specifiessiteconditions.ThoseconditionswereusedtomeasureKPIs
presentedinSections3and4.
Section3presentstheimpactofIPIubtransmissionnetworkimpairmentsoncertain
RU20KPIs.Section4presentstheimpactofIPIutransmissionnetworkimpairments
oncertainRU20KPIs.
Section4presentstheimpactofIPIutransmissionnetworkimpairmentsoncertain
RU20KPIs.
Section5includesthetestresultssummary.
Section6isanappendixwithmessageflowsand3GPPQoSparameters.Also,brief
ToPservicerequirementsarepresented.

NOTE:MeasurementsaredonewithRU20release.

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ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

Measurementmethods

2 Measurementmethods
2.1 Introduction
Thissectionspecifiesthenetworkconditionsusedinalltests.

MeasurementmethodsaredoneinRU20release.

2.1.1 Generalassumptions
WhenintroducingPacketSwitchedNetwork(PSN)formobilebackhaulsolutions,atleast
thefollowingparametersneedtobedefined:

Staticdelay
PacketDelayVariationJitter
PacketLoss

KeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs)areaffectedwhenadditionaldelayorincreased
packetlossisimposedbythemobilebackhaulnetwork.However,theinfluencemightbe
negligibleorevenacceptable.
TheimpactonKPIsdependson:

configurationofthenetworkelements(usedHWandinterfaces)
featuresandservicesused
loadconditions

2.1.2 Testnetworkarchitecture
DuringNokiaSolutionsandNetworkstransmissionlabteststhefollowingequipmentwas
used:

RNC196RU20OnToprelease
FlexiWCDABTSsystemmodule2:RU20OnToprelease
SGSN:J7
MSC:ME9
HLR:ME9
MGW:U47
FlexiISNRel4
ClientPCwithWindowsXPdefaultsettings
FTPServeronUbuntu

Listofactivefeaturesthatmayimpacttheresults:

RAN1262HSPAQoSAwareSchedulingYES
RAN1110HSDPACongestionControlYES
RAN992HSUPACongestionControlNO

Thelabtestconditionsassumegenericnetworkarchitecture.Thearchitectureis
depictedinFigure1IPIutests.

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Measurementmethods

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

Figure1

IPIutests

2.1.3 Testsetup
Laboratoryconditions:

onesingleUE,ortwoUEsincaseofMobiletoMobilecallsetuptime,connectedto
anunloadedNodeB
wiredRFconnectionwith30dBattenuationbetweenBTSantennaandUE
bothHSDPAandHSUPAactiveinthenetwork
stationaryUEs,noHandover/nomobilitytakesplaceduringthetestingsession
staticradioconditions
IubIPbasedNodeBconnectedtotheRNCwitha100Mbpslink
RNCcommittedbandwidth90Mbps
IPbasedIuwith1Gb/s
InternalFlowControlsetOFF
timingoverPacketasasynchronizationsource

PacketStormIPnetworkemulatorwasusedtointroduceadditionaldelay,jitter,and
packetlossasdescribedbelow.
Bothuserandcontrolplanewereimpactedbyimpairments,asdescribedbelow.
Usedimpairmentsvalues(UL/DL):

10

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ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

Measurementmethods

MeanDelay:10100ms,exponentialdistribution
Jitter:peak-to-peakvalue:2.5msonIuband10msonIums
PLR:0.1%onIuband0.05%onIu0.1%

Measurementsweretakenforfixedjitterandpacketlossvalueswhileapplyingdifferent
delaysettings.Graphsinthedocumentarepresentedasafunctionofonewaydelayon
testedinterface.SeeTable1Measurementsettingsforbothinterfaceforinterface
measurementdelay.
Table1

Measurementsettingsforbothinterface

Interface

delay(ms)

jitter(ms)

PLR(%)

Iub

10

2,5

0,1

Iu

10

10

0,05

PacketStormsettingswithexponentialdistribution

Averagedelayequalsdefineddelay
MindelayisAveragedelayjitter
Maxdelayisaveragedelay+6.62*jitter
Example:Delay=30ms,jitter=2.5ms
Averagedelay30ms,min27.5ms,max30+6.62*2.5=~50ms
JittersettingsofPacketStormnotused
Packetre-orderingoff

Figure2

Exponentialdelaydistribution

Thefollowingchapterscoverperformancedegradation,whenaboveconditionsare
appliedonIub-chapter3andIu-chapter4.Onlyoneinterfacewasimpactedatthe
time,astestswereexecutedseparately.

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11

Iubperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

3 Iubperformancevalues
3.1 ProcedureKPIs
ThissectionpresentsmeasurementresultsforseveralE2EKPIs:MobiletoMobilecall
SetupTime,RTTonDCHandHSPA,PDPContextAcceptTime,andHSPACallSetup
TimewithF-DPCH.Actualresultsarepresentedwithdarkbluediamondswhile
theoreticalcalculationswiththepinksquares.

3.1.1 MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime
MeasurementsweretakenwithNokia6260ClassicUEs.
Theexpectedresultintheworst-casescenarioforthefirsttripleshouldbe400mslonger
CallSetupTime.Thiscomesfromthefollowingcalculations(messageflowsin
appendix),seeTable2RationaleforCallSetupTime.
Table2

RationaleforCallSetupTime

MessageExchange

Delay(ms)

RRCmessages=2*8

160

NBAPmessages=2*6

120

NASmessages=2+3

50

Total

330

PacketLossimpact

Results
Figure3

12

IPIubdelayvs.mobiletomobilecallsetuptime

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Iubperformancevalues

M2MCallSetupTimewithoutimpairmentontheIubinterfaceis3.4s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIublink,thetimeincreases+280msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpectedfromthe
calculations.Almostlineardependencyispresentedinthefigurewithatrendline.In
addition,CallSetupSuccessRatewaschecked.Forallpointspresentedinthefigure,it
was100%.

3.1.2 PDPContextActivationAccept
MeasurementsweretakenwithaNokia6260Classic.
TheadditionalcontributionforthePSNprofileshouldbelessthan150msforthefirst
triple.
Table3

RationaleforPDPContextAccept

Message
Exchange

Delay(ms)

RRC
messages=
10

100

NBAP
messages=2

20

Total

120

PacketLoss 1
impact

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Iubperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

Results
Figure4

ImpactofIubdelayonPDPContextActivationTime

Withoutimpairments,PDPContextActivationAccepttakes1.75s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIublink,thetimeincreases+107msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpectedfromthe
calculations.Almostlineardependencyispresentedinthefigurewithatrendline.

3.1.3 HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH
WithRU20newfeature-FractionalDPCHhasbeenintroduced.Theexpected
improvementisanHSPACallSetupTimeofaroundonesecond.
Measurementsweretakenwithnon-commercialUE.
TheadditionalcontributionforthePSNprofileshouldbelessthan150msforthefirst
triple.
Table4

Messageexchange

Delay(ms)

RRCmessages=7

70

NBAPmessages=5

40

Total

110

PacketLossimpact

Figure5

14

HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH

ImpactofIubdelayonHSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH

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Iubperformancevalues

Withoutimpairment,HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCHtakes1.07s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIublink,thetimeincreases+110msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsoverlapwiththoseexpectedfromthe
calculations.Almostlineardependencyispresentedinthefigurewithatrendline.

3.1.4 RoundTripTime(RTT)onDCH
Measurementsweretakenwith32byteand1400byteping.Numberofsamples:1000;
usedUE:Nokia6260Classic.
Additionalconfigurationinformation:

UEQoSProfile:UplinkMaxBitRate:64kbps;DownlinkMaxBitRate384kbps
TOAWEandTOAWSsetrespectivelyto5msandto15ms

Pingreplyrequiresnomorethan+25msfor32byteandnomorethan+40msfor1400
bytepingforthefirsttriple.Theestimateddegradationcomesfromthefollowing:

additional10mspertransmissiondirectionforalltestcasesduetoPSNstaticdelay
forsendingthepingandpingreply
additionalimpactofpacketlossesfor32bytepingis+1.2msand+17msfor1400
byteping

Results
Figure6

Issue:01A

32bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonR99

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15

Iubperformancevalues

Figure7

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

1400bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonR99

Withoutadditionalimpairments,105msRTTwasachievedfor32bytepingand323ms
for1400byteping.WhenapplyingadditionalimpairmentsontheIublink,thetime
increases+20msonaverageperadditional10msdelaystep.Theresultsareas
expectedfromthecalculations.

3.1.5 RoundTripTime(RTT)onHSPA
Measurementsweretakenwith32byteand1400byteping.Numberofsamples:1000;
usedUE:Nokia6260Classic.
Additionalconfigurationinformation,UEQoSProfile:UplinkMaxBitRate:2000kbps;
DownlinkMaxBitRate4000kbps,HSUPA10msTTI

16

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Iubperformancevalues

Results
Withoutadditionalimpairments,45mswasachievedfor32bytepingand82msfor1400
byteping.WhenapplyingadditionalimpairmentsontheIublink,thetimeincreases20
msonaverageperadditional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpected
fromthecalculations;alsonolostpacketswereobserved.PLRimpactfromrationalwas
neglected.

Issue:01A

Figure8

32bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonHSPA

Figure9

1400bytepingvs.IPIubdelayonHSPA

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17

Iubperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

3.2 Throughputvs.impairmentvalues
FTPdatathroughputwasmeasuredunderlaboratoryconditions,tochecktheimpactof
theIPIubdelay,packetlossratio,andjitter.ThedelayimpactincreaseswhentheFTP
filesizedecreases.TCPWinsizeisanimportantfactorofFTPthroughputperformance.
Iftherearemanysmallfiles,whichistypicalforawebpage,theoverallresultscouldbe
worsethanthosepresentedinthefollowingfigures.See,Table5Configurations
checked.
Table5

Configurationschecked

HSDPA4Mb/s

HSUPA2Mb/s

HSUPA5.8Mb/s

R99

DL(kb/s)

4096

4096

4096

384

UL(kb/s)

2048

2048

6400

64

filesize

2.49GB

500MB

500MB

2.49GB

usedUE

Nokia6260Classic

Non-commercial

Nokia6260
Classic
withoutHSPA

3.2.1 HSDPAresults
Inthefigurebelow,thedependencyofHSDPAdatathroughputandIubdelayisshown
fortwojittersettingsandPLR0.1%.Thethirdcurverepresents2.5msjitterandPLR
0.5%.
Withdefaultsettings,throughputdegradationbelow25%wasreachedforadelayof80
ms.For200ms,a50%downgradewasmeasured.Whenincreasingjitterto10ms,a
50%downgradewasreachedwith175ms,whileforahigherPLRwith150ms.Asthe
delayincreases,thecurvesbecomesimilar.
Figure10

18

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay

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Iubperformancevalues

HSDPAvs.jitter

Issue:01A

Figure11

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubjitterwiderange

Figure12

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubjitter

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19

Iubperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

HSDPAvs.PLR

20

Figure13

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubPLRwiderange

Figure14

HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubPLR

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ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
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Iubperformancevalues

3.2.2 HSUPAresults
TwoHSUPAservicesweretested:

2Mb/swith10msTTI
5.8Mb/swith2msTTI

Inthefollowingfigure,thedependencyofHSUPA2MbpsdatathroughputandIubdelay
isshownfordefaultimpairmentprofilejitter2.5msandPLR0.1%.
Figure15

HSUPA2Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay

HSUPA2Mb/sofferslowerabitrate,sotheimpactofimpairmentsshouldberelatively
low.Forupto40msdelay,degradationislow,below10%.With70ms,throughputisstill
higherthan1Mb/s.With100ms,halfofthestartingvaluewasreached.

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21

Iubperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

ThesameimpairmentprofilewasappliedtoHSUPA5.8Mb/s.
Withoutimpairment,4.4Mb/swasreached.With25ms,delayperformancedropped
about25%.Whenincreasingthedelayto75ms,throughputdroppedto50%ofthe
startingvalue.Witha100msdelay,1.8Mb/swasreached.
Figure16

HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay

HSUPA5.8Mb/svs.jitter
WhentestingHSUPAagainstjitterwithaGaussiandistribution,thefollowingresultwas
achieved.
Figure17

22

HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.Iubjitter

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ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

Iubperformancevalues

8msjitteristhelastpointwheretransmissionisabove4Mb/s.Whenreaching10ms,
themeasuredthroughputwas~150kb/s,buttransmissionwasstillpossible.Throughput
reached0with150ms.
HSUPA5.8Mb/svs.PLR
Figure18

HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IubPLR

WithPacketLossupto3%,almostlineardependencywasmeasured.For5%,the
throughputwas~70kb/s,buttransmissionwasstillpossible.Throughputreached0with
50%PLR.

3.2.3 R99results
Forrelease99only10msjitterwith0.1%PLRwastested.Themaximumdelayapplied
was200ms.R99isveryresilientagainstallimpairments.For200ms,thedatarate
droppedabout21%.
Figure19

Issue:01A

R99FTPdatathroughputvs.IPIubdelay

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23

Iubperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

3.3 Linebreaktests
ThepurposeofthistestcasewastocheckthesystembehaviorincaseofIublink
interruption.

3.3.1 RANbehavior
Witha5slinkbreak,thecellwasstillonair.NBAPwasnotreleasedandSCTPwasnot
aborted.TheonlyalarmvisiblewasBTSLOS,meaningnosignalisreceivedonthe
interface.NBAPwasreleasedwithSCTPabortwhenbreaklast7s.

3.3.2 Services
AMRCall
Thecallwasstillactivewitha2sbreak.From3to5sthecallwasre-established.
Startingfrom5sthecellwasdown.
R99&HSPANRT
Upto5sbreak,FTPtransferwascontinuedafterrecovery.TheRABwasnotreleased.
O&M-NetAct
MaximumtimeoutisdefinedintheRNC,asintervaltimer*maximumtimeoutcounter.
Withdefaultsettingsthiswouldbe30s*2=60s.Afterthattime,alarmFAILUREIN
WCDMAWBTSO&MCONNECTIONshouldberaisedandO&Mconnectiongoesdown.

24

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NetworkPerformance

Iuperformancevalues

4 Iuperformancevalues
4.1 ProcedureKPIs
ThissectionpresentsmeasurementresultsforseveralE2EKPIs:MobiletoMobilecall
SetupTime,RTTonDCHandHSPA,PDPContextAcceptTimeandHSPACallSetup
TimewithF-DPCH.Actualresultsarepresentedwithdarkbluediamondswhile
theoreticalcalculationswiththepinksquares.

4.1.1 MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime
MeasurementsweretakenwithNokia6260ClassicUEs.
Theexpectedresultintheworst-casescenarioforthefirsttripleshouldbe200mslonger
CallSetupTime.Thiscomesfromthefollowingcalculations(messageflowsin
appendix),seeTable6RationaleforCallSetupTime.
Table6

RationaleforCallSetupTime

Messageexchange

Delay(ms)

RANAPmessages=2*8

160

CCmessages=3

30

Total

190

PacketLossimpact

Results
Figure20

Issue:01A

IPIudelayvs.mobiletomobilecallsetuptime

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25

Iuperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

M2MCallSetupTimewithoutimpairmentonIuinterfaceis3.7s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIulink,thetimeincreases+173msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpectedfromthe
calculations.DuetoloadedCScore,resultsarescatteredaroundatrendline.Inaddition
CallSetupSuccessRatewaschecked.Forallpointspresentedinthefigure,itwas
100%.

4.1.2 PDPContextActivationAccept
MeasurementsweretakenwithaNokia6260Classic.
TheadditionalcontributionforthePSNprofileshouldbelessthan85msforthefirst
triple.
Table7

RationaleforPDPContextAccept

Messageexchange

Delay(ms)

NASmessage=2

20

RANAPmessages=6

60

Total

80

PacketLossimpact

Results
Figure21

26

ImpactofIudelayonPDPContextActivationTime

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Iuperformancevalues

WithoutimpairmentPDPContextActivationAccepttakes1.8s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIulink,thetimeincreases+77msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpectedfromthe
calculations.Almostlineardependencyispresentedinthefigurewithatrendline.

4.1.3 HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH
WithRU20newfeature-FractionalDPCHhasbeenintroduced.Theexpected
improvementisanHSPACallSetupTimeofaroundonesecond.
MeasurementsweretakenwithnoncommercialUE.
TheadditionalcontributionforthePSNprofileshouldbelessthan65msforthefirst
triple.
Table8

Messageexchange

Delay(ms)

RANAPmessages=6

60

PacketLossimpact

Figure22

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ImpactofIudelayonHSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH

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Iuperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

WithoutimpairmentHSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCHtakes1.19s.Whenapplying
additionalimpairmentsontheIulink,thetimeincreases+61msonaverageper
additional10msdelaystep.Theresultsareclosetothecalculations.Almostlinear
dependencyispresentedinthefigurewithatrendline.

4.1.4 RoundTripTime(RTT)onDCH
Measurementsweretakenwith32byteand1400byteping.Numberofsamples:1000,
usedUE:Nokia6260Classic.
Additionalconfigurationinformation:

UEQoSProfile:UplinkMaxBitRate:64kbps,DownlinkMaxBitRate384kbps
TOAWEandTOAWSsetrespectivelyto5msandto15ms

Pingreplyrequiresnomorethan+25msfor32byteandnomorethan+40msfor1400
bytepingforthefirsttriple.Theestimateddegradationcomesfromthefollowing:

additional10mspertransmissiondirectionforalltestcasesduetoPSNstaticdelay
forsendingthepingandpingreply
additionalimpactofpacketlossesfor32bytepingis+1.2msand+17msfor1400
byteping

Results
Figure23

28

32bytepingvs.IPIudelayonR99

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Figure24

Iuperformancevalues

1400bytepingvs.IPIudelayonR99

Withoutadditionalimpairments,RTT128mswasachievedfor32bytepingand334ms
for1400byteping.WhenapplyingadditionalimpairmentsontheIulink,thetime
increases+20msonaverageperadditional10msdelaystep.Theresultsareas
expectedfromthecalculations.

4.1.5 RoundTripTime(RTT)onHSPA
Measurementsweretakenwith32byteand1400byteping.Numberofsamples:1000
usedUE:Nokia6260Classic.
Additionalconfigurationinformation,UEQoSProfile:UplinkMaxBitRate:2000kbps,
DownlinkMaxBitRate4000kbps,HSUPA10msTTI

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Iuperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

Results
Withoutadditionalimpairments,46mswasachievedfor32bytepingand50msfor1400
byteping.WhenapplyingadditionalimpairmentsontheIulink,thetimeincreases20ms
onaverageperadditional10msdelaystep.Theresultsaresimilartothoseexpected
fromthecalculations,alsonolostpacketswereobserved.PLRimpactfromrationalwas
neglected.

30

Figure25

32bytepingvs.IPIudelayonHSPA

Figure26

1400bytepingvs.IPIudelayonHSPA

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Iuperformancevalues

4.2 Throughputvs.impairmentvalues
FTPdatathroughputwasmeasuredunderlaboratoryconditions,tochecktheimpactof
theIPIudelay,packetlossratioandjitter.ThedelayimpactincreaseswhentheFTPfile
sizedecreases.TCPWinsizeisimportantfactorofFTPthroughputperformance.If
therearemanysmallfiles,whichistypicalforawebpage,theoverallresultscouldbe
worsethanthosepresentedinthefollowingfigures.
Configurationschecked:

DuringallFTPtransfertests,MTUsetontheFTPserverwasreducedto1450
bytes.
Table9

Checkedconfigurations

HSDPA4
Mb/s

HSUPA2
Mb/s

HSUPA5.8
Mb/s

R99

DL(kb/s)

4096

4096

13000

386

UL(kb/s)

2048

2048

6400

64

filesize

2.49GB

500MB

500MB

2.49GB

usedUE

Nokia6260Classic

Noncommercial

Nokia6260
Classic
withoutHSPA

4.2.1 HSDPAresults
Inthefigurebelow,thedependencyofHSDPAdatathroughputandIudelayisshownfor
jitter10msandPLR0.05%,whichisdefaultconfigurationforallIutests.
Throughputreached75%ofmaximumvalueforadelayof30ms.With100msdelay,
morethan50%ofstartingvaluewasmeasured.
Figure27

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HSDPAFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay

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Iuperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

4.2.2 HSUPAresults
TwoHSUPAservicesweretested:

2Mb/swith10msTTI
5.8Mb/swith2msTTI

InthefollowingfigurethedependencyofHSUPA2Mb/sdatathroughputandIudelayis
shownfordefaultimpairmentprofilejitter10msandPLR0.05%.
Figure28

32

HSUPA2Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay

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HSUPA2Mb/sofferslowerabitrate,sotheimpactofimpairmentsshouldbelower.For
upto40msdelay,degradationisminimal,below10%.Fromthatpointthroughputdrops
lessthan100kb/switheveryadditional10msofIudelay.With100msIudelay,
throughputwasstillslightlyhigherthan1Mb/s.
ThesameimpairmentprofilewasappliedtoHSUPA5.8Mb/s.
With2msTTIHSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPtransferreached4.8Mb/s.Whenapplying
impairmentdefaultprofile,throughputdroppedto3.16Mb/swith10msdelayonIu.
Increasingdelaycausedfurtherdegradation.With40ms,onlyhalfofthenominalbitrate
andwith100ms1.5Mb/suploadwasmeasured.
Figure29

HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IPIudelay

HSUPA5.8Mb/svs.PLR
Figure30

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HSUPA5.8Mb/sFTPDatathroughputvs.IuPLR4

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Iuperformancevalues

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

PacketlossshouldnotbepresentontheIuinterface,asverysmallpercentageoflost
packetsimpactsallconnectionorientedservices,likeFTP.Almostlineardependencyin
themeasuredrangeispresentedwiththetrendline.Throughputdrops200kb/son
averagewithevery0.01%PLRonIu.With0.05%PLRusedindefaultimpairment
profile,thethroughputdroppedto3.58Mb/s.

4.2.3 R99results
R99isveryresilientagainstallimpairments.Withinthewholerange,throughputwas
higherthan370kb/swithdefaultprofile,seeFigure31R99FTPdatathroughputvs.IP
Iudelay.
Figure31

34

R99FTPdatathroughputvs.IPIudelay

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Summary

5 Summary
WhenintroducingimpairmentstotheRANinterfaces,theimpactoneachKPIis
dependentonthetypeofimpairmentandthetypeofbearer.Themeasuredvalues
presentedinthedocumentare:

alignedwiththeoreticalcalculations
throughputtestsresults,whichclearlydependonthebearerused

Itisimportanttonotethatenduserperformancedependsonatotaldelaybudget.
Graphspresentonlyadditionalonewaydelayinjectedtothetestedinterface.Testsfor
IubandIuwereexecutedseparatelyandtheresultsshouldnotbecombined.
IubandIuvulnerabilityvariesfordifferentimpairments.ForexamplePLRisvery
destructiveespeciallywithhighbitratesonIu.TodeliverserviceswithhighQoE,mobile
operatorshouldavoidpacketlossinthenetwork.
Measuredvaluesstronglydependonthenetworkconfigurationandsystemparameter
settings.ThereforeitcannotbeguaranteedthatexactlythesamemeasuredKPIvalues
canbereplicatedwithadifferentnetworksetup.
ThepresentedmaterialprovidestheinformationontheeffectontheQoSforthe
customerservicesintheeventofaparticulardelay,jitterandpacketlosscharacteristics
inthetransportnetwork.BasedonthestrategyforprovidingserviceswithacertainQoS
totheend-users,themobileoperatorshouldconsiderwhatQoS(delay,jitter,packetloss
andavailability)shouldbedemandedfromthetransportnetwork.Whenconsidering
theserequirements,naturallyalsocommercialandtechnicalfeasibilityshouldbetaken
intoaccount.

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Appendix

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

6 Appendix
6.1 IEEE1588v2TimingoverPacket(ToP)
Thefollowingnetworkengineeringrulesshouldbeobeyed:

maximumonewaydelayshouldbe<100ms
jitter<+/-5ms
packetloss<2%
Clockpacketstreamshouldhavethehighestpriorityoratleastthesamepriorityas
thereal-timetraffic.
syncpacketsreceiveexpeditedforwardingQoS
high-prioritytrafficshareofbandwidthshouldbe~60%orless
amaximumof20hopswithpacketswitchforlinksgreaterthanorequalto1Gb/s
ifMWRorconnectiongreaterthanorequalto1Gb/sisused,thenumberoftotal
hopsmustbesmaller:10
maximum6delayjumpsperday
LoadbalancingshouldnotbeusedtogetherwithToP.

Followingtheserecommendationsdoesnotguaranteeoperationwithinthe
specifications,becauseinsomenetworkstheremaybeexceptionallyhighloadlevelsor
manylinkswithlowbandwidth.Therefore,thetolerancespecificationsofToPclocksto
packetdelayvariationarebasedonMAFE(MaximumAverageFrequencyError)masks.
TheMAFEcurveofanetworkconnectioniscalculatedfromthepacketdelaysacrossthe
connection.Thecurveshouldremainbelowthemask.TheFlexiWCDMAbasestation
maskandaMAFEcurveareshownbelow.
MAFEisanewmetricproposedbyNokiaSolutionsandNetworks,toassesslinkquality
forthepacketsynchronizationsolution.Moreinformationcanbefoundindocuments:
NokiaSolutionsandNetworksSynchronizationSolutionforMBHonPacketNetworks:
TimingoverPacketandToPmonitoringguideline.
Figure32

36

FlexiWCDMAToPclockMAFEmaskandaMAFEcurveofahighly
stressedconnection.TauistheaveragingwindowsizeusedintheMAFE
calculation.

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Appendix

6.2 3GPPQoSrequirements
UMTSBearerServiceAttributesaredefinedin23.107document.
ThefollowingtableliststhevaluerangesoftheUMTSbearerserviceattributes.The
valuerangesreflectthecapabilityoftheUMTSnetwork.
Table10

3GPPQoSrequirements

Trafficclass

Conversational
class

Streamingclass

Interactiveclass

Backgroundclass

Maximumbitrate
(kbps)

<=256000(2)

<=256000(2)

<=256000(2)

<=256000(2)

Deliveryorder

Yes/No

Yes/No

Yes/No

Yes/No

MaximumSDUsize <=1500or502(4)
(octets)

<=1500or502(4)

<=1500or502(4)

<=1500or502(4)

SDUformat
information

(5)

(5)

Deliveryof
erroneousSDUs

Yes/No/-(6)

Yes/No/-(6)

Yes/No/-(6)

Yes/No/-(6)

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Appendix

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
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Table10

3GPPQoSrequirements(Cont.)

Trafficclass

Conversational
class

Streamingclass

Interactiveclass

Backgroundclass

ResidualBER

5*10-2,10-2,5*10-3,
10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6

5*10-2,10-2,5*10-3,
10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6

4*10-3,10-5,6*10-8
(7)

4*10-3,10-5,6*10-8
(7)

SDUerrorratio

10-2,7*10-3,10-3,10
-4,10-5

10-1,10-2,7*10-3,10
-3,10-4,10-5

10-3,10-4,10-6

10-3,10-4,10-6

Transferdelay(ms) 100maximum
value

300(8)maximum
value

Guaranteedbitrate <=256000(2)
(kbps)

<=256000(2)

Traffichandling
priority

1,2,3(9)

Allocation/Retentio
npriority

1,2,3

1,2,3

1,2,3

Sourcestatistic
descriptor

Speech/unknown

Speech/unknown

Signalling
Indication

1,2,3

Yes/No(9)

6.3 Messageflows
6.3.1 MobiletoMobileAMRCallSetupTime
Table11

HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH

Uu

Iub

Iu

RRC:Connection-Request-->
<--NBAP:RadiolinkSetupNBAP:Radiolink-Setup-Response->
<-RRC:rrcConnectionSetupNBAP:RadiolinkSynchronization-->
RRC:rrcConnectionSetupComplete-->

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Table11

Appendix

HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH(Cont.)

Uu

Iub

Iu

GPRS:ServiceRequest-->
GPRS:ServiceRequest-->
<--RRC:measurementControl
<--RANAP:CommonID<-RRC:imsi<-RANAP:SecurityModeCommand
<--RRC:securityModeCommand
RRC:securityModeComplete-->
RANAP:SecurityModeComplete->
<--RANAP:DirectTransfer<-GPRS:P-TMSIreallocation
command
<--GPRS:P-TMSIreallocationcommand
GPRS:ActivatePDPcontextrequest-->
GPRS:ActivatePDPcontext
request-->
RANAP:DirectTransfer-->
GPRS:P-TMSIreallocationcomplete-->
GPRS:P-TMSIreallocation
complete-->
RANAP:DirectTransfer-->
<--RANAP:RABAssignmentRequest
<--RRC:radioBearerSetup
<--RRC:measurementControl
RRC:radioBearerSetupComplete-->
RANAP:RABAssignmentResponse-->
<--RANAP:DirectTransfer

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Appendix

Table11

ImpactofTransportNetworkImpairmentsonWCDMA
NetworkPerformance

HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH(Cont.)

Uu

Iub

Iu
<--GPRS:ActivatePDPcontext
accept

<--GPRS:ActivatePDPcontextaccept
RRC:RrcConnectionRequest-->
<--NBAP:RadioLinkSetupRequestFDD
NBAP:RadioLinkSetupResponseFDD-->
<--RRC:RrcConnectionSetup
RRC:RrcConnectionSetupComplete-->
RRC:InitialDirectTransfer-->
GPRSMM:SERVICEREQUEST
-->RANAP:InitialUE-Message-->
<--RRC:MeasurementControl
<--RRC:MeasurementControl
<--RANAP:CommonID
RLC:SRB2RRCSDUACK-->
<--RRC:MeasurementControl
NBAP:RadioLinkRestoreIndication-->
<-RANAP:SecurityModeCommand
<--RRC:SecurityModeCommand
RRC:SecurityModeComplete-->
RANAP:SecurityModeComplete->
RRC:UplinkDirectTransfer-->
GPRSSM:ACTIVATEPDP
CONTEXTREQUEST-->
RANAP:DirectTransfer-->

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Table11

Appendix

HSPACallSetupTimewithF-DPCH(Cont.)

Uu

Iub

Iu
<--RANAP:RABAssignmentRequest

<-NBAP:RadioLinkReconfigurationPrepareF
DD
NBAP:RadioLinkReconfigurationReady->
<--RRC:RadioBearerSetup
<-NBAP:RadioLinkReconfigurationCommit
RRC:RadioBearerSetupComplete-->

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