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QUESTION NO. 1
A river is flowing at 4 m/sec due south. A boat, whose speed in still water is 3 m/sec, is steered
in the direction due east. Find the true speed and direction of the motion of the boat.
SOLUTION
VB = VB/W + VW
Where
VB/W = 3m/s
VW = 4m/s
VB
= 5m/s
Velocity Diagram
Now
tan = 4/3
= tan-1(4/3)
= 53.1o
Hence True velocity of the boat is 5m/s in the direction (90+53.1) 143.1o
OR
True velocity of the boat is 5m/s by making an angle of 36.9o with the bank downstream.
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QUESTION NO. 2
A river is flowing at 3 m/sec due east. A speedboat, whose speed in still water is 5 m/sec, is
steered in the direction on a bearing of 330o. Find the resultant velocity of the speedboat.
SOLUTION:
VW = 3m/s
60O
VB/W = 5m/s
VB = VB/W + VW
VB
60O
Where
Velocity Diagram
VB/W is the velocity of the boat in still water and Vw is the velocity of the water.
EXPLANATION:
(i)
The boat which is steered in the direction of 330o will move by making an angle of 60o
with the bank upstream as the bearing of upstream bank in this case is 270o and hence
270o + 60o = 330o.
(ii)
CALCULATIONS:
Applying cosine Rule in the velocity diagram triangle:
VB2 = 52+32 -2(5)(3) cos60o
VB2 = 25+9 -30 cos60o
VB2 = 34 -15 = 19
VB = 4.36m/s
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To find angle x, VB makes with the bank downstream, we will apply sine rule
sinx /5 = sin60o/4.36
x = 83.2o
Hence Velocity (true) of the boat is 4.36 m/s by making an angle of 83.2o with the bank
downstream.
OR
velocity (true) of the boat is 4.36 m/s in the direction 006.8o as (90 83.2 = 6.8).
QUESTION NO. 3
In the diagram, a river is flowing at a speed of 2.5 m/sec due east. A boat, whose speed in still
water is 6 m/sec, is steered in the direction due north. Find the true velocity of the boat.
SOLUTION
VW = 2.5m/s
VB/W = 6m/s
VB = VB/W + VW
Where
VB
Velocity Diagram
= 6.5m/s
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Now
tan = 2.5/6
= tan-1(2.5/6)
= 22.6o
Hence Velocity (true) of the boat is 6.5 m/s by making an angle of 67.4o with the bank
downstream.
QUESTION NO. 4
A soldier who swims at 1.2 m/sec in still water wishes to cross a river 20 m wide. The water is
flowing between straight parallel banks at 1.8 m/sec. He swims upstream in a direction making
an angle of 70o with the bank. Find
a) The resultant velocity
b) The time taken for the crossing, to the nearest second.
SOLUTION:
VW = 1.8m/s
70O
20 m
VB/W = 1.2m/s
VB
VB = VB/W + VW
70O
Where
Velocity Diagram
VB/W is the velocity of the boat in still water and Vw is the velocity of the water.
a)
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To find angle , VB makes with the bank downstream, we will apply sine rule
sin /1.2 = sin 70o/1.79
= 39.0o
Hence Velocity (true) of the boat is 1.79 m/s by making an angle of 39.0o with the bank
downstream.
b)
=39.0o
20 m
20
=39.0o
Distance Diagram
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ALTERNATIVE METHOD
Time taken for crossing the river can also be calculated if we split VB into its horizontal and
vertical components. The component of VB which makes the boat cross the river is VB sin. This
is shown by a fold faced line in velocity component diagram (need not to be shown in the
answer script)
VB cos
=39.0o
20
VB sin
VB= 1.79
QUESTION NO. 5
The diagram shows a river, 30 m wide, flowing at a speed of 3.5 m/sec, between straight
parallel banks. A boat, whose speed in still water is 6 m/sec, crosses the river from a point A on
one bank to a point B on the opposite bank, 5 m upstream. In order to travel directly from A to
B, the boat is steered in a direction making an angle to the bank as shown. Find
a) The value of ,
b) The resultant speed of the boat,
c) The time taken for the crossing, to the nearest second.
In order to make the return journey from B to A, what is the course taken by the boat.
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SOLUTION:
5m
x =80.5o
Vw = 3.5m/s
course
80.5o
80.5o
99.5o
VB
30 m
VB/w= 6m/sec
VB/w = 6m/sec
80.5o
Vw = 3.5 m/sec
A
Velocity Diagram (Outward Journey)
A
Velocity Diagram (Return Journey)
VB = VB/W + VW
Where VB is the true velocity of the boat, VB/W is the velocity of the boat in still water and Vw is
the velocity of the water.
To find x
tan x = 30/5
x = tan-1(6) = 80.5o
so the angle between VW and VB is 99.5o.
a)
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b)
c)
To find the time taken, we will find the distance to be covered along VB which is shown as a
partially dotted line in the Velocity Diagram (Outward Journey).
Distance to be covered = 302 + 52 = 30.4 m
Time taken = 30.4/4.33 7 sec
RETURN JOURNEY
(sin 80.5o) /6 = (sin y)/3.5
y = 35.1o
Hence course taken by the boat in the return journey is 180o (80.5o + 35.1o) = 64.4o with the bank
upstream.
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QUESTION NO. 6
The speed of an aircraft in still air is 300 km/h. The wind velocity is 60 km/h from the east. The aircraft
is steered on the course in the direction 060o. Find the true velocity of the aircraft
120o
SOLUTION
N
Vw = 60km/h
VA/w = 300km/h
60o
Vw = 60km/h
30o
60o
VA
VA/w = 300km/h
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QUESTION NO. 7
An aircraft flies due east from A to B where AB = 200 km. The wind is blowing from the
direction 030o at 60 km/h. The speed of the aircraft in still air is 300 km/h and the pilot sets the
course on the bearing o. Find:
a) the value of ,
b) the time taken, in minutes, for the journey from A to B.
VA
N
B B
Vw = 60km/h
300
50o
VA/w = 300km/h
30o
Vw = 60km/h
90o
VA
b)
Hence time taken, in minutes, for the journey from A to B = 200/ 265.4
= 0.754 hr 45 min
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QUESTION NO. 8
a)
An aircraft is flying due south at 350 km/h. The wind is blowing at 70 km/h from the direction
o, where o is acute. Given that the pilot is steering the aircraft in the direction 170o. Find
i)
the value of
ii)
SOLUTION:
170o
170o
10o
VA/W
VA = 350 km/h
VW = 70 km/h
VA/W
VA = 350
VW = 70
b)
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b)
A man who swims at 1.2 m/sec wishes to cross a river which is flowing between straight parallel
banks at 2 m/sec. He aims downstream in a direction making an angle of 60o with the bank.
Find:
i)
ii)
the angle which his resultant velocity makes with the bank.
VW = 2m/s
120o
VM/W = 1.2m/s
VM
60o
Velocity Diagram
VM = VM/W + VW
Where
VM is the true velocity of the man; VM / W is the velocity of the man in still water and Vw is the
velocity of the water.
VM2 = 1.22+22 -2(1.2)(2) cos120o
VM = 2.8 m/s
To find angle , VM makes with the bank downstream, we will apply sine rule
sin /1.2 = sin 120o/2.8
= 21.8o
Hence Velocity (true) of the boat is 2.8 m/s by making an angle of 21.8 o with the bank
downstream.
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QUESTION NO. 9
The diagram shows a river, 160 m wide, flowing at a speed of 2.4 m/sec, between straight
parallel banks. A boat crosses the river from a point A on one bank to a point B on the opposite
bank, 120 m downstream. The speed of the boat in still water is 5.6 m/sec. In order to travel
directly from A to B, the boat is steered in a direction making an angle of to the bank as
shown. Find
a) the value of
b) the resultant speed of the boat
c) the time taken for the crossing
The boat then makes the return journey from B to A. Find the resultant speed of the boat on this
return journey.
120 m
120 m
= 53.1o
B
= 53.1o
VB
160 m
160 m
33.1o
Vw = 2.4
126.9o
= 53.1o
VB
= 53.1o
VB = VB/W + VW
Where VB is the true velocity of the boat, VB/W is the velocity of the boat in still water and Vw is
the velocity of the water.
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a)
b)
( = 53.1o)
VB = 6.7 m/sec
c)
RETURN JOURNEY
(sin y) /2.4 = (sin 126.9o)/5.6
y = 20o
(sin 33.1o) /VB = (sin 126.9o)/5.6
VB = 3.82 m/sec
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15
VQ = 5 m/s
60o
VQ = 5 m/s
60o
VP = 7 m/s
VQ/P
VP = 7 m/s
30o
30o
i) Initial Diagram
VQ = VQ/P + VP
Where VP is the velocity of the particle P, VQ/P is the velocity of the particle Q relative to the
particle P and VP is the velocity of the particle P.
i)
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ii)
the time taken for Q to be due east of P
cos 13.7o = 30/QQ
QQ = 30 / cos 13.7o
13.7o
QQ = 30.88 m
The time taken for Q to be due east of P = 30.88/6.24
5 sec
P
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QUESTION NO. 2
VP = 25 km/h
VQ = 10 km/h
120o
30o
5 km
At a particular instant, two ships P and Q are 5 km apart and move with constant speeds and
directions as shown. Find:
a) the speed and direction of P relative to Q,
b) the distance apart, in meters, when P is due north of Q.
SOLUTION:
In the velocity diagram, if the vectors representing VP and VQ are produced, the angle between
them will be 30o.
VP = VP/Q + VQ
Where VP is the velocity of the ship P, VP/Q is the velocity of the ship P relative to the ship Q and
VQ is the velocity of the ship Q.
30o
VP = 25 km/h
VQ = 10 km/h
VP/Q
ii)
To find the distance P and Q when P is due north of Q, we will stop the ship Q at its
initial position and move the ship P with the relative speed VP/Q
tan 13.0o =d/5
13.0o
5km
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QUESTION NO. 3
At a particular instant, two boats P and Q are 2 km apart and P is due north of Q. The boats
move with constant speeds and directions as shown. Find
a) the speed and direction of Q relative to P,
b) the distance apart, in meters, when Q is due east of P.
SOLUTION:
P
N
VP
= 3m/s
VP
= 3m/s
30o
VQ/P
2 km
VQ = 4m/s
VQ = 4m/s
60o
Velocity diagram
In the velocity diagram, if the vectors representing VP and VQ are produced, the angle between
them will be 30o.
VQ = VQ/P + VP
Where VP is the velocity of the boat P, VQ/P is the velocity of the boat Q relative to the boat P and
VQ is the velocity of the boat Q.
VQ/P2 = 32+42 - 2(3)(4) cos30o
VQ/P2 = 25 24(0.866)
VQ/P = 2.05 m/s
(sin ) /3 = (sin 30o)/2.05
= 47.0o so direction of VQ/P = 60o 47.0o = 013.0o
Hence velocity of Q relative to P is 2.05 m/s in the direction 013.0o.
ii)
To find the distance P and Q when Q is due east of P, we will stop boat P at its initial
position and move boat Q with the relative speed VQ/P.
P
Q
tan 13o = PQ/2
PQ = 2 tan 13o = 0.462 km = 462 m
2 km
13o
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QUESTION NO. 4
At a particular moment, two ships A and B are 5 km apart with A due west of B. Ship A is
sailing due south at 5 km/h and ship B is sailing due west at 8 km/h. Find
a) the velocity of A relative to B,
b) the distance between the two ships when A is on the bearing of 225o from B.
SOLUTION:
A
5 km
VB = 8 km/h
VA = 5 km/h
VA = 5 km/h
VA = VA/ B + VB
VA/B
VB = 8 km/h
Where VA is the velocity of the ship A, VA/B is the velocity of the ship A relative to the ship B and
VB is the velocity of the ship B.
VA/ B = 52 + 82
VA/ B = 9.43 km/h
tan = 8/5
= 58.0o
Hence velocity of A relative to B is 9.43 km/h in the direction 122.0o.
ii)
To find the distance the two ships when A is on the bearing of 225o from B, we will stop
ship B at its initial position and move ship A with the relative speed VA/B.
As
As VA/B is making an angle of 58.0 with
vertical so it makes an angle of 32.0 with
the horizontal which is shown in the
diagram.
5 km
A
32.0o
B
45o
225o
BA = 2.72 km
Hence the distance between the two ships when A is on the bearing of 225o from B = 2.72 km.
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QUESTION NO. 5
Two aircraft A and B fly at the same height with constant velocities. At noon, aircraft B is 50 km
due east of aircraft A and is flying due west at 450 km/h. Aircraft A is flying on the bearing 120o
at 300 km/h. Find
a) the velocity of B relative to A
b) the time when B is due north of A.
SOLUTION:
A
50 km
30o
B
VB = 450 km/h
VB/A
VA = 300 km/h
VA = 300 km/h
150o
150o
VB = 450 km/h
VB = VB/A + VA
Where VA is the velocity of the aircraft A, VB/A is the velocity of the aircraft B relative to the
aircraft A and VB is the velocity of the aircraft B.
a)
b)
B
d
=11.9o
50 km
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QUESTION NO. 6
VP= 8m/s
P
VQ = 10m/s
30o
50 km
In the diagram, two particles P and Q, moving with speeds 8 m/sec and 10 m/sec respectively,
leave simultaneously when they are 50 m apart with P due west of Q. Particles P and Q are
moving in the direction as shown. Given that P and Q are on the path of collision. Find
a) the value of
b) the time that elapses before the collision, to the nearest second.
SOLUTION:
Note: When P and Q are on the path of collision, the direction of VP/Q or VQ/P will always be
considered along the initial line PQ.
VP= 8m/s
VQ = 10m/s
30o
VQ = VQ/P + VP
VQ/P
Where VP is the velocity of the particle P, VQ/P is the velocity of the particle Q relative to the
particle P and VQ is the velocity of the particle Q.
a)
b)
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QUESTION NO. 7
At a given instant, an airship is moving due north with a speed of 6 m/sec. A helicopter, 500 m
due east of the airship, flies at a speed of 12 m/sec and steers on a bearing in order to intercept
the airship. Find
a) the value of
b) the time that elapses before the interception.
SOLUTION:
VA = 6m/s
VH = 12m/s
500 m
In case of interception, VA/H will be directed along the initial line AH.
VA = VA/H + VH
Where VA is the velocity of the airship, VA/H is the velocity of the airship relative to the helicopter
and VH is the velocity of the helicopter.
a)
sin = 6/12
= 30o
VA = 6m/s
b)
VH = 12m/s
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QUESTION NO. 8
Two particles, A and B, are 50 m apart with A due north of B. particles A is travelling at
10 m/sec in a direction 075o and B is travelling at V m/sec in a direction 015o.
a) Given that V = 20. Find
i)
ii)
the value of V
ii)
SOLUTION (a)
When V = 20 m/sec
VA = 10 m/s
60o
75o
N
75o
VA 60o
105o
VB/W
VB = 20 m/sec
N
50 m
15o
VB = V =20 m/sec
15o
SOLUTION:
VB = VB/A + VA
Where VB is the velocity of the particle B, VB/A is the velocity of the B relative to the particle A
and VA is the velocity of the particle A.
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24
VB/A
direction of VB.
sin /10 = sin 60o/17.3
= 30o
So the direction of VB/A will be 360o 15o = 345o.
Hence the velocity of B relative to A is 17.3 m/sec in the direction 345o.
ii)
To find the distance between B and A when B is due west of A, we will consider VB/A, which
explains that A is kept at its initial position and its effect of speed and direction is transferred to
B. This is real explanation of VB/A.
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BB = 50 / cos15o
BB = 51.76 m
50 m
15o
= 2.99 sec
b)
IN CASE OF COLLISION
In case of collision, the direction of the VB/A will be towards original direction BA.
N
VA = 10 m/s
105o
VA = 10 m/s
VB/A
105o
50 m
VB = V
15o
15o
Original diagram
(i)
VB = V
Velocity Diagram
VB = VB/A + VA
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26
ii)
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27
P (0, 50)
Q (80, 20)
At 1200 hours, ship P is at the point with position vector 50j km and ship Q is at the point with
position vector (80i+20j) km, as shown in the diagram. Ship P is travelling with velocity
(20 i +10 j) km/ h and ship Q is travelling with velocity (10 i+30 j) km/ h
( i ) Find an expression for the position vector of P and of Q at time t hours after 1200 hours.
(ii) Use your answers to part ( i ) to determine the distance apart of P and Q at 1400 hours.
(iii) Determine, with full working, whether or not P and Q will meet.
SOLUTION:
i)
VP = 20 i +10 j =
20
10
VQ = 10 i+30 j =
10
30
20
20
Distance travelled by P in t hours = vt = t =
10
10
Distance travelled by Q in t hours = vt = t
10
10
=
30
30
20
0
20
Position vectors of P at time t hours after 1200 hours= OP =
=
50 10
50
10
80 10
80
10
Position vectors of Q at time t hours after 1200 hours= OQ =
=
20 30
20
30
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28
ii)
Position vectors of P = OP =
80 10
2
60
Position vectors of Q = OQ =
=
20 30
2
80
60
40
20
- =
80
70
10
PQ = OQ OP =
Distance between P and Q at 1400 hrs = |PQ| = 202 + 102 = 500 = 22.4 m
iii)
20 t = 80 10t
30t = 80
t = 8/3 = 2.67
Similarly 50 + 10t = 20 + 30t
20t = 30
t = 1.5
If P and Q meet then the value of t by comparing x and y component should be same.
So in this case P and Q will not meet.
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VL = 36 km/h
45o
361.5 = 54 km
90 km
d
45o
315o
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30
50
70
VW = 50i - 70j =
VP = VP/W + VW
Where VP is the velocity of the plane, VP/W is the velocity of the plane relative to the wind and
VW is the velocity of the wind.
280
330
50
+
=
= 330i - 110j
40
110
70
VP =
x
VP = 330i - 110j
tan x = 110/330
-110
so x = tan-1(110/330) = 18.4o
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31
N
x
45o
Vc = 7m/s
VW/C
45o
135o
Vc = 7m/s
VW/C
VW = 12m/s
Velocity Diagram
sin x = 0.412
x = sin-1(0.412)
x = 24.4o
= 180o (135o + 24.4o) = 20.6o
Hence the wind is blowing from the direction 020.6o.
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32
VB = VB/W + VW
Where VB is the true velocity of the boat, VB/W is the velocity of the boat in still water and Vw is
the velocity of the water.
150m
VW = 3m/s
200 m
VB/W = 6m/s
VB
x
A
tan = 200/150 so = tan-1(200/150)
= 53.1o
sin x/3 = sin 53.1o/6
x = 23.6o
= 180o - (23.6o + 53.1o) = 103.3o
sin 103.3o/VB = sin 53.1o/6
VB = 7.30 m/s
Distance to be covered = 2002 + 1502 = 250 m
time taken to travel from A to B = 250/7.30 34 sec
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33
VP = VP/W + VW
Where VP is the true velocity of the plane, VP/W is the velocity of the plane in still air and Vw is the
velocity of the wind.
N
150o
VW = 120 km/h
150o
VP
30o
x
VW = 120 km/h
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34
A fly, F, starts at the point with position vector (i+12j) cm and crawls across the surface with a
velocity of (3i +2j) cm/s. At the instant that the fly starts crawling, a spider, S, at the point with
position vector (85i + 5j) cm, sets off across the surface with a velocity of (-5i + kj) cm/s, where
k is a constant. Given that the spider catches the fly, calculate the value of k.
SOLUTION:
1
12
85
5
and
VS = 5i + kj =
5
1 3
3
1
Position vectors of F after t sec = OF = =
12 2
2
12
85 5
85
5
=
5
5
1 + 3t = 85 5t
=> 8t = 84
=> t = 10.5
10.5k = 28
=>
k= 2.67
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35
ii)
SOLUTION:
VP = VP/W + VW
Where VP is the true velocity of the plane, VP/W is the velocity of the plane in still air and Vw is
the velocity of the wind.
i)
VP = 500 km/h
VP = 500 km/h
VW =150km/h
VP/W
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36
The diagram shows a river 90 m wide, flowing at 2 m/sec between parallel banks. A ferry
travels in a straight line from a point A to a point B directly opposite A. Given that the ferry
takes exactly one minute to cross the river, find
i)
ii)
SOLUTION:
VF = 90/60 = 1.5 m/s
VF = VF/W + VW
Where VF is the true velocity of the ferry, VF/W is the velocity of the ferry in still water and Vw is
the velocity of the water.
VW = 2 m/s
90 m
VF/W
VF = 1.5 m/s
x
By using Pythagoras theorem
(VF/W) 2 = (VW)2 + (VF)2 = 4 + 2.25
VF/W = 2.5 m/s
Now tan x = 1.5/2
=> x = 36.9o
Hence the ferry must be steered by making an angle of 36.9o with the bank upstream.
Nadeem Ahmad, Resource Academia, Ph. 0333-4404244.
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37
The diagram shows a large rectangular television screen in which one corner is taken as the
origin O and i and j are unit vectors along two of the edges. In a game, an alien spacecraft
appears at the point A with position vector 12j cm and moves across the screen with velocity
(40i +15j) cm per second. A player fires a missile from a point B; the missile is fired 0.5 seconds
after the spacecraft appears on the screen. The point B has position vector 46i cm and the velocity
of the missile is (ki +30j) cm per second, where k is a constant. Given that the missile hits the
spacecraft,
(i) show that the spacecraft moved across the screen for 1.8 seconds before impact,
(ii) find the value of k.
SOLUTION:
Initial Position vector of spacecraft = OA = 12j =
0
12
46
Initial Position vector of missile = OB = 46i =
0
VS = 40i +15j =
40
15
and
30
VM = ki + 30j =
Let the spacecraft is hit by the missile t sec after its appearance. As the missile is fired 0.5 sec
after the appearance of the spacecraft so the time taken by the missile to hit the spacecraft is
(t 0.5) sec.
40
40
=
15
15
0.5
=
30
30 15
40
40
0
=
12 15
15
12
46
0.5
46 0.5
=
0
30 15
30 15
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38
i)
12 + 15t = 30t 15
15t = 27
t = 1.8 sec
Hence the spacecraft has moved across the screen for 1.8 seconds before impact.
ii)
40 = 46 0.5
40(1.8) = 46 + k(1.8) 0.5k
72 46 = 1.3k
26 = 1.3k
k = 20
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39
PQ = 960i +400 j =
60
60
VW = 60i +60j =
VP = PQ =
i)
VP = VP/W + VW
Where VP is the true velocity of the plane, VP/W is the velocity of the plane in still air and Vw is
velocity of the wind.
VP/W = VP - VW
240
60
300
-
=
= 300i + 40j
100
60
40
VP/W =
ii)
40
x
300
tan x = 40/300
x = tan-1(40/300)
x = 7.60o
The bearing, to the nearest degree, on which the plane must be directed = = 082o
Nadeem Ahmad, Resource Academia, Ph. 0333-4404244.
E-mail: ahmad.nadeem78@yahoo.com
40
SOLUTION:
i)
The component of velocity along the direction due east is Vx and towards north, Vy.
North- east direction means, an angle of 45o between
North and East.
cos = Vx /V
|V|= 15 2 km/ h
Vx = V cos
Vy
Vx = 15 2 cos 45o = 15
= 45o
Vx
Similarly Vy = V sin = 15 2 sin 45o = 15
Hence V = 15i + 15j
ii)
2
Initial Position vector of the ship = OP = 2i + 3j =
3
15
Velocity of the ship = VS = 15i + 15j =
15
2
15
24.5
Position vectors of ship after 1.5 hrs (from 0900 to 1030) = OS = 1.5 =
3
15
25.5
= 24.5 i + 25.5 j
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41
iii)
2
2 15
15
Position vectors of ship t hrs after leaving P = =
3
3 15
15
= (2 + 15t)i +(3+15t)j
iv)
47
27
0
15
15
- =
= 15i 10j
25
15
10
VS/SUB = VS - VSUB =
v)
2
2 15
15
Position vectors of ship t hrs after leaving P = =
3
3 15
15
47
47
0
=
27 25
27
25
2 + 15t = 47
t=3
47
Hence position vector of the point where submarine meets the ship =
27 25
3
47
= = 47i + 48j
48
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42
The diagram shows a river with parallel banks. The river is 48 m wide and is flowing with a
speed of 1.4 m/s. A boat travels in a straight line from a point P on one bank to a point Q which
is on the other bank directly opposite P. Given that the boat takes 10 seconds to cross the river,
find:
(i) the speed of the boat in still water,
(ii) the angle to the bank at which the boat should be steered.
SOLUTION:
VB = 48/10 = 4.8 m/s
VB = VB/W + VW
Where VB is the true velocity of the boat, VB/W is the velocity of the boat in still water and Vw is
the velocity of the water.
VW = 1.4 m/s
48 m
VB/W
VB = 4.8 m/s
x
By using Pythagoras theorem
(VB/W) 2 = (VW)2 + (VB)2 = 4.82 + 1.42
VB/W = 5 m/s
Now tan x = 4.8/1.4 => x = 73.7o
Hence the ferry must be steered by making an angle of 73.7o with the bank upstream.
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43
The component of velocity along the direction due east is Vx and towards north, Vy.
North- east direction means, an angle of 45o between
North and East.
cos = Vx /V
|V|= 10 2 km/ h
Vx = V cos
Vy
Vx = 10 2 cos 45o = 10
= 45o
Vx
Similarly Vy = V sin = 10 2 sin 45o = 10
Hence V = 10i + 10j
ii)
4
8
4
10
16
Position vectors of ship P after 2 hrs (from 1000 to 1200) = OP = 2 =
8
10
28
= 16 i + 28 j
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iii)
19
34
8
Velocity of the ship Q = VQ = 8i + 6j =
6
10
8
2
VP/Q = VP - VQ = - = = 2i + 4j
10
6
4
iv)
Let the ship P and Q meet each other t hours after 1000
4 10
4
10
=
8 10
8
10
19 8 16
19
8
2 =
34 6 12
34
6
-4 + 10t = 19 + 8t -16
2t = 7 => t = 3.5 hrs
Hence the ship P will meet ship Q at 1330.
4 10
3.5
Position vector of the point where the ship P meets the ship Q =
8 10
3.5
31
= = 31i + 43j
43
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45
ii)
Find the length of time for which the boat is less than 25 km from the lighthouse.
SOLUTION:
i)
48
2
20
Position vector of the boat at 1400 hrs =OB =
=
12 6
2
24
27
48
BL = OL OB =
|BL|= 72 + 242 = 25
Hence at 1400, the boat is 25 km from the lighthouse.
ii)
27
48
4 8t
Position vector of the boat = OB =
12 6t
4 8t
27
23 8t
-
=
12 6t
48
36 6t
BL = OL OB =
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46
t2 8t +12 < 0
t2 2t 6t +12 < 0
t(t 2) - 6 (t 2) < 0
(t 2) (t 6) < 0
2<t<6
Hence length of time for which the boat is less than 25 km from the lighthouse = 6 -2 = 4 hrs.
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47
60o
VW = 80
N
N
VP
60o
VP
VW = 80 km/h
60o
VP/W = 250
x
A
Velocity Diagram
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