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Abbreviation
Assume value
Material Selection
Step-1
vp
ap
Assume
(m/s)
v
( p)
Step-2
Thickness of the Valve
t=K
K= constant
p=
d
K=0.42 ( Steel)
Diameter of the port(mm)
p
b
mm
mm2 )
Step-3
Maximum Lift of the valve
= Valve Tapper
30
=(45) in degree
dp
h= 4 cos
20
=0
Step-4
Steam Diameter (
=
dp
ds
/8 + 6.35 to
dp
)
/8 + 11
mm
Step-5
D= Diameter of the piston
Area of the piston
a= 4
Step-6
Velocity of the piston
V=
2 ln
60
m/s
Step-7
Width of valve seat
0.05dp to 0.07dp
Valve head diameter
dv = dp+2*width of valve seat
21
Step-2
C=Spring Index
= K*
8 wC
2
d
d=Diameter
C=5or6
( 4 C1)
K= (4 C4)
0.615
C
D 0 =Outer Diameter
D
C= d
D=C*d
D0 = D+d
D=
Di +d
Step-3
n= No of turns of coil
Number of Coil
8 wC 3 n
Gd
(N/ mm
c=Spring Index
)
n=n+2
mm
Step-4
= max( deflection)
Lf = nd+
max
+0.15
max
22
Step-5
Pitch of the coil(P)
P=free length/(n-1)
D=Mean Diameter
8 wC
= K* d 2
( 4 C1)
K= (4 C4)
D=
Di =Inside Diameter
d=Diameter of the spring wire
0.615
C
W=valve open(N)
Di +d
3
* D
D
C= d
D0 = D+d
D=
Di +d
23
G =84(N/ mm2 )
Step-3
Number of Turns
8 wC 3 n
=
Gd
1
=
w 8
2
(N/ mm
W=W1-W2(N)
n=n+2
Step-4
Free Length of the Spring
Lf = nd+ max+0.15
max
max=
w 1w 2 mm
max=
h
w 1w 2 mm
Step-5
Pitch of the coil(P)
P=free length/(n-1)
Design of Tappet
d c = Core Diameter of the
Step-1
tappet(mm)
d
2
Fe=
/4* ( c ) * c
c =Permissible Compressive
(N)
Stress
24
Step-2
Diameter of the Tappet
d=
d c /0.84 mm
Step-3
Depth of the Tappet
t = 2*
d c mm
Design of cam
Step-1
Diameter of the Cam shaft(D)
D= 0.16*Cylinder bore+12.7 in mm
Step-2
Base Circle
=D+3 in mm
Step-3
b sc = 0.09* cylinder
bore+0.6+0.11*cylinder bore+12
mm
Step-4
Prime Circle
= Minimum Radius of Cam(d)
+1/2Diameter of the Roller mm
25
Step-1
Find the Gas Load
d
2
p
P1= /4* ( v ) * c in N
d v = d p +2*0.05* d p in
mm
P1=Gas Load in N
a p * v p =a.v
ap
d
2
=
/4* ( p)
Step-2
M= Mass of valve
G=Gravity
W= m*g
A=
/4* D 2
Step-3
W= weight
P=Gas load in N
P= P1+w
Step-4
Spring Force (Fs)
d
2
p
Fs= /4* ( v ) * s -w in
N
Step-5
Force due to Acceleration (Fa)
Fa=
mv *a+w
a=acceleration
=2 /T
T=
26
g= 9.81
2
a= r
2
S=ut+1/2a t
Step-6
P=Gas load in N
Fa=Acceleration Force in N
Fe = P+Fa+Fs
Fs=Sring Force in N
Step-7
Reaction of the Fulcuram Pin
2
d1=Diameter of pin in mm
F= ( Fe + Fc 2 FeFc cos )
R
F= d 1l1pb
R
mm2 )
Pb=3.5 to 6 N/ mm
l1=1.25d1
F=
R d1+l1+pb
27
Step-2
RF =
=Shear Stress in N/ mm
2
4 d1
1
3
3
l 1( D 1 d h )
12
D1
2
(Or)
bh3h 1 b3
Z=b/6*
h
Fc=d 2l 2Pb
Pb=7 N/ mm
Fe=Fc
FC =
2
4 d2
Step-2
Thickness
t2=l2/2
28
Step-3
Maximum Bending Moment
b =M/Z
5
M= 24 *Fc*l2
Z= 32 * d 2
t2
2 +(2*1.5)
l3= l2+2
D2=2*d2
M=Moment in N.mm
b =M/Z
3
Z=Section modulus in mm
M=Fe*l
M=Fe*(l-d/2)
2
Z=1/6*t1* D1
b =70 N/
mm2
t=thickness in mm
WC r =
W= Load in N
2
*E*I/ l2 I in
M=Factor of Safety
WC r =W*M in N
D=1.25d
(For tubular pushrod)
mm
L=l
)
2
E=Youngs Modulus in N/ mm
D
4
I=
- d )
64
D=0.8d to 1.25d
l= Length in mm
D= Outer Diameter
d= Inner Diameter
29
I= 64
D4
30