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Snubber
Circuit
IPV
1:n
Is
+
Many MPPT methods have been suggested over the past few
decades; the relative merits of these various approaches are
discussed in [13]. The critical operating regime is low
insolation. Capturing all of the available solar power during
low insolation periods can substantially improve system
performance. An effective MPPT controller and converter can
use available energy to significantly reduce the amount of
installed PV.
Considering the MPPT methods discussed in [13], candidate
techniques considered include Incremental Conductance (INC)
Lm
Vc
-
PV Module
+
Vpv
Switch
Switching
Signal
Vpv
Model
Predictive
Control
Ipv
P&O
Power [W]
Load
I. INTRODUCTION
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
4998 W
Daily Energy
17.4 kWh
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Hour
Fig. 2: Output power of one the PV arrays during a partially cloudy day.
X * (K + 1)
g = X 1 (K + 1) X 1* (K + 1) + 1 X 2 (K + 1) X 2* (K + 1)
(1)
~
+ + n X n (K + 1) X n* (K + 1)
X (K )
~
X1 (K + 1)
~
X 2 (K +1)
X (K )
X n (K + 1)
i = iPV (k ) iPV (k 1)
v = v PV (k ) v PV (k 1)
v (k )
v
= PV
iPV (k )
i
i = 0
v (k )
v
> PV
iPV (k )
i
v > 0
v = 0
iref = iPV (k )
iref = iPV (k ) +
iref = iPV (k )
(6)
g S = 0 ,1 = i PVS = 0 ,1 ( k + 1) iref
v PV (k ), i PV (k ) , iref
i PV , s =0,1 (k + 1)
g s =0 < g s =1
T
TS
v PV (k ) + (1 S ) S vC (k + n)
L
Ln
TS
TS
vC (k + n + 1) = S 1
vC (k ) + (1 S ) iPV (k + n)
Cn
RC
i PV ( k + n + 1) = iPV ( k + n) S
g s = 0 ,1 = i PV , s = 0 ,1 ( k + 1) i ref
s=0
(7)
(8)
1 kW/m2
Current (A)
s =1
10
0.75 kW/m2
0.5 kW/m2
0.25 kW/m2
20
30
40
Voltage (V)
50
60
70
1 kW/m2
600
Power (W)
10
0.75 kW/m2
400
0.5 kW/m2
200
0
0
0.25 kW/m2
10
20
30
40
Voltage (V)
50
60
70
0.9
0.8
Duty Cycle
Ipv(A)
8
6
4
2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Time(s)
Ipv MPC MPPT
10
1.2
1.4
1.6
Ipv(A)
6
4
2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Time(s)
Ipv(A)
10
Ipv(A)
10
4
2
0
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Time (s)
800
700
600
500
400
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Time (s)
Fig. 8. Solar irradiance level of the case study and the duty cycle.
4
2
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
Time(s)
Ipv P&O MPPT
1.65
0
1.7 1.4
10
10
Ipv(A)
0.5
1.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.7
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Time(s)
0.4
1.45
0
0.1
0.5
1.5
1.55
1.6
Time(s)
Ipv MPC MPPT
1.65
1.7
0.2
0.3
Time(s)
0.4
0.5
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
65
Vpv(V)
60
55
50
45
40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Time(s)
Vpv MPC MPPT
Fig. 10. PV current, voltage, and power response to step change in the
irradiance from 500 W/m2 to 750 W/m2.
65
Vpv(V)
60
55
50
45
40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Time(s)
65
65
60
60
Vpv(V)
Vpv(V)
55
50
45
40
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
55
50
45
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
Time(s)
1.65
1.7
40
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
Time(s)
1.65
1.7
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]