Resultante de 2 fuerzas

PRIMERA PARTE DE LA CLASE

Sistema de Fuerzas concurrentes
Composicion y descomposicion
de Fuerzas
Resultantes de fuerzas
concurrentes
Descomposicion de fuerzas

Magnitud, direccion y sentido

La diagonal del paralelogramo es la

resultante del sistema de 2 fuerzas

EQUILIBRIO DE LA PARTICULA

SEGUNDA PARTE DE LA CLASE

Momentos
Fuerzas y Pares
Reduccion de sistema de Fuerzas
y Pares

La fuerza es un vector

2-1

2-2

Vectors

Suma de Vectores Fuerza

Vector: Ejemplos: desplazamientos , velocidades,

aceleraciones

Trapezoid rule for vector addition

Triangle rule for vector addition

Escalar: Solo poseen magnitud pero no direccion.

Ejemplos: Masa, temperaura, volumen

Law of cosines
C

Clasificacion de vectores:
- Vectores fijos. Punto de aplicacion fijo.
- Vectores libres. Se mueven en el espacio sin afectar el
analisis.
- Vectores deslizantes, se aplican a lo largo de la linea
de accion.

B
C

(vectores consecutivamente),

R 2 = P 2 + Q 2 2 PQ cos B
r r r
R = P+Q

Law of sines,
sin A sin B sin C
=
=
Q
R
A
Vector addition is commutative,
r r r r
P +Q = Q+ P

Vectores iguales. Igual magnitud y direccion.

Vector subtraction

Vector negativo. Misma magnitud pero direccion

opuesta
2-3

2-4

Resultante de Fuerzas Concurrentes

Suma de Vectores Fuerza

Concurrent forces: set of forces which all

pass through the same point.

Addition of three or more vectors through

repeated application of the triangle rule

A set of concurrent forces applied to a

particle may be replaced by a single
resultant force which is the vector sum of the
applied forces.

The polygon rule for the addition of three or

more vectors.
Vector addition is associative,
r r r
r r r r r r
P + Q + S = (P + Q ) + S = P + (Q + S )

Vector force components: two or more

force vectors which, together, have the same
effect as a single force vector.

Multiplication of a vector by a scalar

2-5

Sample Problem 2.1

Sample Problem 2.1

SOLUTION:

The two forces act on a bolt at A.

Determine their resultant.

2-6

Graphical solution - construct a

parallelogram with sides in the same
direction as P and Q and lengths in
proportion. Graphically evaluate the
resultant which is equivalent in
direction and proportional in
magnitude to the the diagonal.
Trigonometric solution - use the triangle
rule for vector addition in conjunction
with the law of cosines and law of sines
to find the resultant.

2-7

Graphical solution - A parallelogram with

sides equal to P and Q is drawn to scale. The
magnitude and direction of the resultant or of
the diagonal to the parallelogram are measured,

R = 98 N = 35
Graphical solution - A triangle is drawn with
P and Q head-to-tail and to scale. The
magnitude and direction of the resultant or of
the third side of the triangle are measured,

R = 98 N = 35

2-8

Sample Problem 2.1

Sample Problem 2.2

Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule.

From the Law of Cosines,

R 2 = P 2 + Q 2 2 PQ cos B
= (40 N )2 + (60N )2 2(40N )(60 N ) cos155
R = 97.73N

Si la resultante del sistema de

fuerzas mostrado es 5000 lbf en
la direccion longitudinal de la
plataforma flotante CALCULAR

From the Law of Sines,

sin A sin B
=
Q
R
sin A = sin B

Q
R

= sin 155

60 N
97.73N

a) the tension in each of the ropes

for = 45o,

A = 15.04
= 20 + A
= 35.04

b) the value of for which the

tension in rope 2 is a minimum.
2-9

2 - 10

Sample Problem 2.2

Sample Problem 2.2

The angle for minimum tension in rope 2 is

determined by applying the Triangle Rule
and observing the effect of variations in .
Graphical solution - Parallelogram Rule
with known resultant direction and
magnitude, known directions for sides.
T1 = 3700 lbf

T2 = 2600 lbf

Trigonometric solution - Triangle

Rule with Law of Sines
T1
T2
5000 lbf
=
=
sin 45 sin 30 sin 105

T1 = 3660 lbf

The minimum tension in rope 2 occurs when

T1 and T2 are perpendicular.
T2 = (5000 lbf ) sin 30

T2 = 2500 lbf

T1 = (5000 lbf ) cos 30

T1 = 4330 lbf

= 90 30

= 60

T2 = 2590 lbf
2 - 11

2 - 12

Componentes rectangulares de una fuerza

Suma de fuerzas mediante la suma de sus componentes

May resolve a force vector into perpendicular

components rso that rthe resulting parallelogram is a
rectangle. Fx and F y are referred to as rectangular
vector components and
r r
r
F = Fx + F y

r
r
Define perpendicular unit vectors i and j which are
parallel to the x and y axes.
Vector components may be expressed as products of
the unit vectors with the scalar magnitudes of the
vector components.
r
r
r
F = Fx i + F y j
r
Fx and Fy are referred to as the scalar components of F

Wish to find the resultant of 3 or more

concurrent forces,
r r r r
R = P +Q + S
Resolve each force into rectangular components
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
R x i + R y j = Px i + Py j + Q x i + Q y j + S x i + S y j
r
r
= ( Px + Q x + S x )i + (Py + Q y + S y ) j
The scalar components of the resultant are
equal to the sum of the corresponding scalar
components of the given forces.
R y = Py + Q y + S y
R x = Px + Q x + S x
= Fx
= Fy
To find the resultant magnitude and direction,
Ry
R = R x2 + R y2
= tan 1
Rx

2 - 13

Sample Problem 2.3

Sample Problem 2.3

SOLUTION:
Resolve each force into rectangular components.

SOLUTION:
Resolve each force into rectangular
components.
Determine the components of the
resultant by adding the corresponding
force components.
Four forces act on bolt A as shown.
Determine the resultant of the
force on the bolt.

2 - 14

Calculate the magnitude and direction

of the resultant.

force mag
r
F1 150
r
F2
80
r
F3 110
r
F4 100

x comp
+ 129.9

y comp
+ 75.0

27.4
0

+ 75.2
110.0

+ 96.6

25.9

R x = +199.1 R y = +14.3
Determine the components of the resultant by
adding the corresponding force components.
Calculate the magnitude and direction.

R = 199.12 + 14.32
14.3 N
tan =
199.1 N
2 - 15

R = 199.6 N

= 4.1
2 - 16

Equilibrio de la Particula
When the resultant of all forces acting on a particle is zero, the particle
is in equilibrium.
Newtons First Law: If the resultant force on a particle is zero, the particle
will remain at rest or will continue at constant speed in a straight line.

DIAGRAMA DEL CUERPO LIBRE

DE LA PARTICULA
Conclusion:

Sistema de fuerzas de cables que se

intersectan en un punto
Particle acted upon by
two forces:
- equal magnitude
- same line of action
- opposite sense

Particle acted upon by three or more forces:

- graphical solution yields a closed polygon
- algebraic solution
r
r
R = F = 0

Fx = 0

Todo sistema de Fuerzas concurrentes en

un punto

Fy = 0
2 - 17

Sample Problem

Diagrama de Cuerpo Libre, D.C.L.

2.4

SOLUTION:
PASO 1. Construir el DCL para la
paricula en la union del cable y la cuerda
PASO 2.
Aplicar las condiciones de equilibrio
( creando uun poligono cerrado de
fuerzas)
Space Diagram: A sketch
showing the physical conditions
of the problem.

D.C.L: A sketch showing only the

forces on the selected particle.

Un automovil de 3500-lb de peso

esta soportado por el cable AB.
Cual es la tension de la cuerda
AC con la que el carro esta en
equilibrio?

2 - 19

PASO 3. Aplicar trigonometria para

determinar la magnitud de las fuerzas
AB y AC

2 - 20

Sample Problem 2.6

Sample Problem 2.4

SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

Construct a free-body diagram for the

particle at A.

Paso 1. DCL

Apply the conditions for equilibrium.

Paso 2. Ecuaciones de equilibrio

(sumatoria de fuerzas igual a cero)

Solve for the unknown force magnitudes.

La tension en el cable AB es 40 lb. La
tension en el cable AE es 60 lb.

T
T AB
3500 lb
= AC =
sin 120 sin 2 sin 58
T AB = 3570 lb

Calcular la fuerza del flujo de agua

sobre el bote, y

T AC = 144 lb

La tension en el cable AC.

Paso 3. Resolver ecuaciones, y hallar

las tensiones desconocidas

2 - 21

Sample Problem 2.6

Sample Problem 2.6

SOLUTION:
PASO 1. Diagrama de Cuerpo libre.
7 ft
= 1.75
4 ft
= 60.25

tan =

2 - 22

1.5 ft
= 0.375
4 ft
= 20.56

tan =

PASO 2. Express the condition for

equilibrium for the hull by writing that
the sum of all forces must be zero.
r r
r
r
r
R = T AB + T AC + T AE + FD = 0

Resolve the vector equilibrium equation into

two component equations. Solve for the two
unknown cable tensions.
r
r
r
T AB = (40 lb ) sin 60.26 i + (40 lb ) cos 60.26 j
r
r
= (34.73 lb ) i + (19.84 lb ) j
r
r
r
T AC = T AC sin 20.56 i + T AC cos 20.56 j
r
r
= 0.3512 T AC i + 0.9363T AC j
r
r
T = (60 lb ) i
r
r
FD = FD i

r
R=0

F x= 0

F x= 0

F y= 0

F y= 0
2 - 23

r
= ( 34.73 + 0.3512 T AC + FD ) i
r
+ (19.84 + 0.9363T AC 60) j
2 - 24

Sample Problem
2.6
r

Componentes rectangulares en el espacio

R=0
r
= ( 34.73 + 0.3512T AC + FD ) i
r
+ (19.84 + 0.9363T AC 60) j
This equation is satisfied only if each component
of the resultant is equal to zero

( Fx = 0) 0 = 34.73 + 0.3512T AC + FD
( F y = 0) 0 = 19.84 + 0.9363TAC 60
T AC = +42.9 lb
FD = +19.66 lb

r
The vector F is
contained in the
plane OBAC.

r
Resolve F into
horizontal and vertical
components.

F y = F cos y
Fh = F sin y

Resolve F h into
rectangular components

Fx = Fh cos
= F sin y cos
F y = Fh sin
= F sin y sin

2 - 25

2 - 26