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25-7
GENERATORS,
PART 7
OVERFLUXING
1.
OBJECTIVE
The student must be able to:
2.
1.
Explain the two condi tiona which can cause overfluxing in a genera tor and its associa ted transformers.
2.
Explain how
fluxing.
3.
Explain how a
fluxing.
genera tor
can
be
damaged
by
over-
INTRODUCTION
It is possible to damage a generator and its associated main and auxiliary transformers by what is known
as "overfluxing".
Overfluxing occurs when a generator
or a transformer is subjected to flux levels which are
above the permissible limits.
Overfluxing can occur
when a generator or transformer is made to:(a)
produce
rated
voltage
at below .rated
speed
(fre-
speed
great
quency)
(b)
( a)
(b)
August 1981
- 1 -
230.25-7
2.
GENERATOR ~
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE VT
~I-__......,~-
(~KNEE
100" RATED
OUTPUT
VOLT AGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TO
fiELD CURRENT
-----CHARACTERISTIC
AT 100" RATED SPEED
POINT
I
o ---f--F:-I':"E:-LD-~C:-U-R':"R':"EN : - T : : - - - - - - - - -r . FIE LD
o
Figure 1:
CU RRENT
If
2 -
230.25-7
3.
ula:
VT
or
VT =
because N
VT =
Once
~m
4.44N~mf
is constant,
=
=
mf
a
generator
has
from
the
form-
flux
frequency
number of turns in the
generator {remaining
constant
been
synchronized
to
the
3 -
230.25-7
GENERATOR
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE Vr
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TO
FJelD CURRENT CHARACTERISTIC
-.-1
~~ ~
100"
RATED
",'"
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
:FIElD CURRENT
CHARACTERISTIC
IAT
SPEED
80"
RATED
VT
8
c
FIELD CURRENT
=eo"
OF
rf
REQUIRED TO
PRODUCE RATED
VOLTAGE AT
100" RATED SPEED
Figure 2:
CURVE
FIELD CURRENT
REQUIRED TO
PRODUCE
VOLTAGE
80"
RATED
AT
RATED
SPEED
speeda
(a)
(b)
80
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230.25-7
Because of these thermal and mechanical cons iderationa, manufacturers state that the flux in a
generator core must not be kept at a value greater
than 10' above nOrllal, for IIDre than a few min-
utes.
(e)
'l'ransformer Damage.
On large installations, the
generator/main transformer and the unit auxiliary
transformer are directly connected to the generator. Therefore, if rated voltage at below rated
frequency is produced in the generator, this voltage
is
applied directly to
the
transformers.
0:
4.
a:
~mf
5 -
230.25-7
5.
SUMMARY
To prevent generator rotor winding, generator
stator core and transformer core damage, great care must
be taken to prevent Qverfluxing.
the
generator field
breaker
before
serious
over-
below
rated
generator
produces
rated
voltage
speed.
(b)
ASSIGNMENT
1.
Care should be
taken when exciting
large
turbogenerators under no load condi tiona.
Explain clearly
why this is important, paying particular attention to
the deterimental effects than can be produced on the
generator rotor and stator and on any other equipment
connected to the generator.
2.
3.
Is "overfluxing n of a generator1s main transformer likely to occur when the transformer is connected to the
grid? Explain.
J.R.C. Cowling
6 -