Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents a view of related literature and studies which the
researchers were able to come across with during the process of their research.
These literatures give to the proposed study.
A. Related Literature
In 1987, Guglielmo Marconi that opened the way for modern wireless
communications by transmitting the three-dot Morse code for the letter S over a
distance of three kilometers using electromagnetic waves. From this beginning,
wireless communications has developed into a key element of modern society.
From satellite transmission, radio and television broadcasting to the now
ubiquitous mobile telephone, wireless communications has revolutionized the
way societies function. However, Chen Chao who developed a remote wireless
monitoring system for off grid Wind turbine based on the GPRS and the Internet.
The remote monitoring system is made up of three parts: controlling terminal,
central monitoring computer and communication network. Controlling terminal
consists of microcontroller ARM7 LM3S1138, data acquisition module and GPRS
communication module WAVECOM Q2406B connected to ARM7 system using
serial port. GPRS module sends parameters relating wind turbine to central
monitoring computer. The client can access central monitoring computer server
through Internet and know parameters of different wind turbines. Nevertheless,
Peng Liu who developed model of web services based email extension for
remote monitoring of embedded systems which integrates web services into
emails. It uses a general purpose email messaging framework to connect

devices and manipulators. This low cost model fits for systems with low
connection bandwidth, small data transportation volume and non real-time
control, e.g., monitoring of home appliances and remote meter-reading.
In the proposed project of the proponent determine the use of the
following using wikipedia as major source of information. The GSM (Global
System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephony system that is
widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of time
division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital
wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and
compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user
data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz
frequency band. Bluetooth is a telecommunications industry specification that
describes how mobile phones, computers, and personal digital assistants (PDAs)
can be easily interconnected using a short-range wireless connection. Using this
technology, users of cellular phones, pagers, and personal digital assistants can
buy a three-in-one phone that can double as a portable phone at home or in the
office, get quickly synchronized with information in a desktop or notebook
computer, initiate the sending or receiving of a fax, initiate a print-out, and, in
general, have all mobile and fixed computer devices be totally coordinated.
SQLite version 3. SQL database engines (every SQL database engine other than
SQLite, as far as we know) uses static, rigid typing. With static typing, the
datatype of a value is determined by its container - the particular column in which
the value is stored. Basic4Android version1.x or higher Basic4android supports
all the main features of Android using a large and extensible set of libraries.

Basic4android includes unique features like visual designer, connecting to real

devices with USB cable or over the local network, custom IDE 100% focused on
android programming and more.
Local Literature
When people think about home automation, most of them may imagine
living in a smart home: One remote controller for every household appliance,
cooking the rice automatically, starting air conditioner automatically, heating
water for bath automatically and shading the window automatically when night
coming. According to Julius Lucero some extent of home automation equals to
smart home. They both bring out smart living condition and make our life more
convenient and fast. People at that time understood that a smart home is not
owing to how well it is built, not how effectively it uses space, not due to how it is
environmentally friendly. It is only because of how interactive technologies that it
contains. Those are still useful rules for home automation technology today.
Home automation technology and Smart home appeared very much in science
fiction of the 1920s. But no one knows the exact date of the invention of home
automation. Based on humans smart technology improving process, the home
automation System does not come by immediate invention. It comes step by step
with only insignificant improvement. The previous step is almost same with the
next step. Manufactures of laborsaving appliances have been promising
homeowners an automated Home of the Future since the Worlds Fair days of
the 1930s. The intelligent home has been a popular vision for a few decades.
The first time people noticed the high technology in dwelling, they did some
connection with home automation, and it was 1960s. Experts considered that by

the end of the century people would live in smart homes that contained
independent household machined. Although many of the machines in these
visions are today technically possible to manufacture of course, the present
situation is not exactly the same as what the experts decades ago.
In the article written by the homepower, measuring your homes energy
consumption is the first step toward finding ways to decrease it. While almost
every residence has an electric meter, it usually only shows total household
energy (kWh) consumed, although some include instantaneous power being
used (kW). And the meter is usually placed where it is convenient for the utility.
But conservation-minded homeowners and renters can choose from several
products that measure and record electricity consumption to reveal the energy
hogs. The information is shown on a convenient countertop display or remotely
on a smart phone or a computer screen.

The feasibility study of the De La Salle University student posted on their

website about phone Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Appliance Remote
Control: An SMS-based Electronic Appliance Monitoring and Control System
(2013) Home monitoring system is an effective way to prevent many household
accidents that may occur whether we are aware or not. There are a lot of home
control devices which were developed in the past. Take fire hazards for example,
there are a lot of ways for house fire to occur like overheating appliances. Fire
imposes a big hazard in our homes but there is a device that was built to lessen
the probability of this from occurring or at least lessen the damage done. The fire
alarm works whenever there is enough smoke that goes in the detector. It will
automatically make a sound to alarm the people inside the house, some home
systems has a built-in sprinklers that works when the fire alarm activates
preventing further property destruction. There are a lot of ways of designing a
home control system but at these times, the design must be adaptable and
adaptive to majority of people. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
is a means of wireless communication between people. It can also be used to
communicate with devices such that it functions even if a user is not physically
present in the vicinity of the device. GSM is the most adaptable medium since it
has a further range of communication compared to Bluetooth and infrared.
Moreover, it is also more accessible than Wi-Fi since it is more widely available.
A home monitoring system interfaced with GSM poses a great advantage and
convenience to the public. The user can be updated regarding the status (ON or
OFF) of his appliances which can prevent future damage. It will also be able to

alarm the user of any irregular activities of the appliances immediately even if the
user is at another place.
B. Related Studies
Foreign Studies
The information technology had the most significant role in creating
different kinds of system that has a different functions and programs that can be
used in different fields specifically in our todays technology. It can also help the
user to have an easy access application and function of the program.
.
According to the research study of Tan and Soy, 2002 which developed a
system for controlling home electrical appliances over the Internet by using
Bluetooth wireless technology to provide a link from the appliance to the Internet
and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) to provide a data link between the
Internet and a mobile phone. However, in the study of Nikolov 2002
demonstrated that the control of home appliances can be extended beyond the
home network to wireless mobile networks without any modification in the
network specifications. This was accomplished by developing and implementing
a HAVi (Home Audio Video Interoperability) - WAP UI gateway that intermediates
between a wired home network and a wireless communication network using
HAVi and WAP specifications, respectively. The gateway use both pull and push
technologies, improves the network integration and provides opportunities for
developing applications that combine mobile devices with home network devices.
The study of two researchers have same goal but still they use different system
to improve their designs project for home automation. Tan and Soy use Bluetooth
while improves the network integration by implementing Home Audio Video
Interoperability.

According Tan, Lee and Soh (2002) proposed the development of an

Internet-based system to allow monitoring of important process variables from
a distributed control system (DCS). This paper proposes hardware and software
design considerations which enable the user to access the process variables on
the DCS, remotely and effectively, using only a commonly available web browser
According to Liang, Fu, and Wu 2002 proposed a software architecture
that makes home automation (HA) system based on multi-agent concept. The
architecture is composed of five main components respectively named space
agents, function agents, personal preference agents, environment variables
server, and resource access right control kernel. There is need to construct a
more powerful home automation both in the hardware and software aspects.
In the year 2006, according to S. M. Anamul Haque,S. M. Kamruzzaman
and Md. Ashraful Islam proposed a system entitled A System for Smart-Home
Control of Appliances Based on Time and Speech Interaction that controls the
home appliances using the personal computer. This system is developed
by using the Visual Basic 6.0 as programming language and Microsoft voice
engine tools for speech recognition purpose. Appliances can be either controlled
by timer or by voice command.
According Ciubotaru-Petrescu, Chiciudean, Cioarga, and Stanescu (2006)
present a design and implementation of SMS based control for monitoring
systems. The paper has three modules involving sensing unit for monitoring the
complex applications. A processing unit, that is microcontroller and a

communication module that uses GPRS modem or cell phone via serial port RS232. The SMS is used for status reporting such as power failure.
Local Studies
These local studies from local sources which used by the
researchers to substantiate their ideas about the present study. They are as
follows.
According to Rosslin John Robles and Tai-hoom Kim, Smart Home is the
term commonly used to define a residence that uses a Home Controller to
integrate the residences various home automation systems. The most popular
Home Controllers are those that are connected to a Windows based PC during
programming only, and are then left to perform the home control duties on a
standalone basis. Integrating the home systems allows them to communicate
with one another through the home controller, thereby enabling single button and
voice control of the various home systems simultaneously and in preprogrammed
scenarios or operating modes.
According to Alma Buelva, at the 2011 International Consumer Electronics
Show (CES) In Las Vegas last month, the Connected Home pavillion featured the
latest intelligent appliances from major manufacturers that are turning out millions
of networked kitchen, lightning and other home appliances that can be remotely
controlled by TVs smart phones and other PCs.
The remote monitoring of home appliances through mobile phone
involving the use of spoken commands. The spoken commands are generated

and sent in the form of text SMS to the control system and then the
microcontroller on the basis of SMS takes a decision of a particular task.
Development of Space Saving Home Automation Using Voice Recognition
System, an unpublished thesis of Jose Rizal University Student uploaded the
prototype of their thesis in YouTube on Mar 1, 2013, was based in automating the
access control and security operations involved in the condominium room. John
Arnold D. Villafania et al., the researcher developed using a voice recognition
command system and light dependent resistor to control in accessing the room
for the benefits of the owner. The light dependent resistor installed inside the
room is an electronic component whose resistance decreases with increasing
incident light intensity. In other words when the room turns to be in dark it has a
high electrical resistance and when it is light it has a low electrical resistance.
With the use of voice recognition system, the owner of the condominium room
were be able to access and control some of the intended appliances and
furniture that need for some movement and physical contact. The researchers
used a voice recognition module to program the intended commands for each
place and parts of the room.
According to the published study of Online Automatic Switch of
Appliances in Journal of Information Engineering and Applications with ISSN
2224-5782, ISSN 2225-0506(online) Vol.4, No.1, 2014 of Batangas State
University, Nasugbu Batangas, enhances the traditional way of plugging and
unplugging of appliances in certain location where the user can access the
appliances online. It is composed of a desktop or laptop computer that were used

by the user in accessing the project, relay switches which were used to convert
small amount of current to trigger a large amount of current, router or modemwhich were used to transfer internet signals.
According Hill in 1981 analyzes subcontracting arrangements and local
content policies promoting the use of produced parts and raw materials) for
appliances and motorcycles. The importance of the parts industry is obvious;
given the large number of parts and components needed to produce appliances,
makers will normally decide against in-house production and instead require a
reliable network of suppliers. In fact, as Hill observes, the development program
for appliances was originally an attempt to develop the local parts and
components industry. He concludes that while government policy helped
increase local content in the 1970s, linkages between firms remain weak. Some
fundamental change in both supplier and manufacturing.
According to F. Cario of DLSU their study of

Electronic Monitoring,

Attendance Checking, Controlling and Security (E MACS) System, is a design

project that can perform several task such as monitoring, attendance checking,
controlling, and security. The system comprises of main components such as
biometrics, sensor, relay, RFID reader, and the E MACS device. The 12V relay
switch is directly connected to the power supply. It acts as an indirect switch to
the device such as lights, air-conditioned units, and the solenoid driver built-in the
E MACS auto-door lock.
These studies help the proponent to be guide to the proposed system of
appliances monitoring via android phones.