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JAR TEST
They repel other colloidal particles before they collide with one another. The
colloids are continually involved in Brownian movement.
2
Particles
Destabilization (Coagulation)
Flocculation
Al 3+ /
Fe3+
Al 3+ /
Fe3+
Coagulation
Coagulation process utilizes what is known as a chemical
Flocculation
is the process in which the destabilised
Coagulant agents:
Procedure:
1. Prepare the wastewater sample
2. Measure temperature, pH and turbidity of
water sample
..cont. PROCEDURE
3. Add 1 - 5 ml of coagulant (alum/ferrous sulfate) by using a
measuring pipette into beaker 1,2,3,4 and 5 while in
beaker 6, no alum was added as it acts as a control
sample.
..cont. PROCEDURE
Students are allowed to choose:
JAR TEST 1: Set up with fixed coagulant dose at
varied pH (shown in Table 1 lab sheet)
JAR TEST 2: Set up the variation of coagulant dose
at a fixed pH=6 (shown in Table 2 in lab sheet)
..cont. PROCEDURES
4. Measure the pH and turbidity of each beaker
by using pH and turbidity meter.
5. Start stirring rapidly (60 to 80 rpm) for 3
minutes.
6. Reduce the speed (30 rpm) for about 20
minutes.
7. Observe the flocculation process and record
the floc formation in final 10 minutes by
referring to the chart of particle sizes provided
as in lab sheet.
..cont. PROCEDURE
7. After the stirring period is over, stop the stirrer
and allow the flocs to settle for about 5
minutes.
8. Separate out 500 mL of settled water into
another beaker.
9. Determine the temperature, pH and turbidity
of the clarified water.
..cont. PROCEDURE
Please record the qualitative characteristics
Very fine
Fine
Moderately fine
Moderate
Coarse
Very Coarse
Analysis:
Example of results: