Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Serhenk ELK
Group Members;
Member 1:
Name: Serhenk
Family Name: ELK
ID Number: 20519613
Member 2:
Name: Betl
Family Name: BULUT
ID Number: 20519593
ASSUMPTIONS :
1-) The density and viscosity of seawater (Aegean Sea) at 20 0C are used in all calculations.
2-) The same canal will be used for each piping design.
3-) In friction loss calculations the ratio of A1/A2 is neglected because the area of the pool is
too big compared to pipe area at the pool exit.
4-) In the filter the friction loss is neglected, because of choosing higher motor pump from the
pump list.
5-) The distance between pool and pump is taken as 11 m.
6-) The distances between at both pump exits, the gate valves and the tees is taken to be very
short and neglected.
7-) It was assumed that there was no elbows on the piping at the hillside.
8-) Friction losses for both filters and pumps are neglected.
9-) At discharge system, the distance between tee at the end of the hillside and sea is
neglected.
10-) It is assumed that the pool is open for 4 months in a year.
CALCULATIONS :
Seawater at 20C;
= 1038 kg/m
= 1.005 x 10 Pa.s
DISCHARGE SYSTEM 1 :
Pool exit :
ID1 = 100 mm
A1 = 0.00785 m2
V1 = Q / A1 = 0.0347 m/s / 0.00785 m2 = 4.42 m/s
( volumetric flow rate is 0.0347 m/s, because there are two exits at the pool exit, so
volumetric flow rate should be divided two equal values)
Nre1 = D1V1 / = 456513 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump1 entrance :
D2 = 160 mm
ID2 = 160 (2 x 9.50) = 0.14 m
A2 = 0.015 m2
V2 = Q / A2 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.015 m2 = 4.63 m/s
Nre2 = D2V2 / = 669484 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump1 exit :
D3 = 125 mm
ID3 = 125 (2 x 7.40) = 0.11 m
A3 = 0.0095 m2
V3 = Q / A3 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0095 m2 = 7.30 m/s
Nre3 = D3V3 / = 829367 ( Turbulent flow)
FRICTION LOSSES :
/ D = 3.3 x 10-4
Nre = 669484
f = 0.0030
F = 55.1 J/kg
/ D = 2.6 x 10-4
Nre = 525342
f = 0.0029
F = 115.7 J/kg
The maximum pressure in the system is on the pump exit, so we can use mechanical
balance from pool exit to pump exit.
V1 = 4.42 m/s
V3 = 7.3 m/s
z3 z1 = - 0.2 m
P1 = hg + Patm = 120163 Pa
1 / 2 ( v32 v12 ) + g ( z3 z1 ) + ( P3 P1) / + F + Ws = 0
1 / 2 ( 7.32 4.422 ) + 9.81 ( -0.2 ) + (P3 120163) / 1038 + 55.1 217.6 = 0
P 3 = 273332 Pa = 2.73 bar
We choose the pipe of maximum pressure endurance 10 bar. 40% more of calculation
value of pressure must be less than 10 bar.
2.73 x 1.40 = 3.8 bar
DISCHARGE SYSTEM 2 :
Pool exit :
ID1 = 100 mm
A1 = 0.00785 m2
V1 = Q / A1 = 0.0347 m/s / 0.00785 m2 = 4.42 m/s
( volumetric flow rate is 0.0347 m/s, because there are two exits at the pool exit, so
volumetric flow rate should be divided two equal values)
Nre1 = D1V1 / = 456513 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump1 entrance :
D2 = 200 mm
ID2 = 200 (2 x 11.90) = 0.176 m
A2 = 0.024 m2
V2 = Q / A2 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.024 m2 = 2.89 m/s
Nre2 = D2V2 / = 525342 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump1 exit :
D3 = 160 mm
ID3 = 125 (2 x 9.50) = 0.14 m
A3 = 0.0015 m2
V3 = Q / A3 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0015 m2 = 4.63 m/s
Nre3 = D3V3 / = 669484 ( Turbulent flow)
320 m long pipe :
D4 = 225 mm
ID4 = 225 (2 x 13.40) = 0.198 m
A4 = 0.0308 m2
V4 = Q / A4 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0308 m2 = 2.25 m/s
Nre4 = D4V4 / = 460128 ( Turbulent flow)
FRICTION LOSSES :
/ D = 2.6 x 10-4
Nre = 525342
f = 0.0029
F = 46.8 J/kg
/ D = 2.3 x 10-4
Nre = 418298
f = 0.0027
F = 58.0 J/kg
The maximum pressure in the system is on the pump exit, so we can use mechanical
balance from pool exit to pump exit.
V1 = 4.42 m/s
V3 = 4.63 m/s
z3 z1 = - 0.2 m
P1 = hg + Patm = 120163 Pa
DISCHARGE SYSTEM 3 :
Pool exit :
ID1 = 100 mm
A1 = 0.00785 m2
V1 = Q / A1 = 0.0347 m/s / 0.00785 m2 = 4.42 m/s
( volumetric flow rate is 0.0347 m/s, because there are two exits at the pool exit, so
volumetric flow rate should be divided two equal values)
Nre1 = D1V1 / = 456513 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump1 entrance :
D2 = 250 mm
ID2 = 250 (2 x 14.80) = 0.22 m
A2 = 0.038 m2
V2 = Q / A2 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.038 m2 = 1.83 m/s
Nre2 = D2V2 / = 415820 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump1 exit :
D3 = 180 mm
ID3 = 180 (2 x 10.7) = 0.158 m
A3 = 0.00196 m2
V3 = Q / A3 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.00196 m2 = 3.54 m/s
Nre3 = D3V3 / = 577685 ( Turbulent flow)
320 m long pipe :
D4 = 225 mm
ID4 = 225 (2 x 13.40) = 0.198 m
A4 = 0.0308 m2
V4 = Q / A4 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0308 m2 = 2.25 m/s
Nre4 = D4V4 / = 460128 ( Turbulent flow)
FRICTION LOSSES :
/ D = 2.1 x 10-4
Nre = 578057
f = 0.0026
F = 45.1 J/kg
/ D = 2.3 x 10-4
Nre = 415820
f = 0.0027
F = 55.9 J/kg
The maximum pressure in the system is on the pump exit, so we can use mechanical
balance from pool exit to pump exit.
V1 = 4.42 m/s
V3 = 3.54 m/s
z3 z1 = - 0.2 m
P1 = hg + Patm = 120163 Pa
1 / 2 ( v32 v12 ) + g ( z3 z1 ) + ( P3 P1) / + F + Ws = 0
1 / 2 ( 3.542 4.422 ) + 9.81 ( -0.2 ) + (P3 120163) / 1038 + 44.3 72.05 = 0
P 3 = 154635 Pa = 1.5 bar
We choose the pipe of maximum pressure endurance 10 bar. 40% more of calculation
value of pressure must be less than 10 bar.
1.5 x 1.40 = 2.1 bar < 10 bar
FILLING SYSTEM 1 :
Sea exit :
ID5 = 15 cm
A5 = 0.0177 m2
V5 = Q / A5 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0177 m2 = 3.92 m/s
Nre5 = D5V5 / = 607307 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump2 entrance :
D6 = 225 mm
ID6 = 225 - ( 2 x 13.40) = 0.198 m
A6 = 0.0308 m2
V6 = Q / A6 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0308 m2 = 2.25 m/s
Nre6 = D6V6 / = 480128 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump2 exit :
D7 = 180 mm
ID7 = 180 (2 x 10.7) = 0.158 m
A7 = 0.0196 m2
V7 = Q / A7 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0196 m2 = 3.54 m/s
Nre7 = D7V7 / = 577686 ( Turbulent flow)
320 m long pipe :
D4 = 225 mm
ID4 = 225 (2 x 13.40) = 0.198 m
A4 = 0.0308 m2
V4 = Q / A4 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0308 m2 = 2.25 m/s
Nre4 = D4V4 / = 460128 ( Turbulent flow)
Pool entrance :
D4 = 225 mm
ID4 = 225 (2 x 13.40) = 0.198 m
A4 = 0.0308 m2
V4 = Q / A4 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0308 m2 = 2.25 m/s
Nre4 = D4V4 / = 460128 ( Turbulent flow)
FRICTION LOSSES :
/ D = 1.0 X 10-3
/ D = 2.3 x 10-4
Nre = 415820
f = 0.0027
/ D = 2.3 x 10-4
Nre = 415820
f = 0.0027
The maximum pressure in the system is on the pump exit, so we can use mechanical
balance from pool exit to pump exit.
1 / 2 ( v72 v52 ) + g ( z7 z5 ) + ( P7 P5 ) / + F + Ws = 0
1 / 2 ( 3.542 3.922 ) + 9.81( 2.5) + ( P7 - 116599 ) / 1038 + 6.38 63.7 = 0
P7 = 151834 Pa = 1.5 bar
We choose the pipe of maximum pressure endurance 10 bar. 40% more of calculation
value of pressure must be less than 10 bar.
1.5 x 1.40 = 2.1 bar
FILLING SYSTEM 2 :
Sea exit :
ID5 = 15 cm
A5 = 0.0177 m2
V5 = Q / A5 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0177 m2 = 3.92 m/s
Nre5 = D5V5 / = 607307 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump2 entrance :
D6 = 200 mm
ID6 = 200 - ( 2 x 11.90) = 0.176 m
A6 = 0.024 m2
V6 = Q / A6 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.024 m2 = 2.89 m/s
Nre6 = D6V6 / = 525342 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump2 exit :
D7 = 160 mm
ID7 = 160 (2 x 9.5) = 0.14 m
A7 = 0.015 m2
V7 = Q / A7 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.015 m2 = 4.63 m/s
Nre7 = D7V7 / = 672160 ( Turbulent flow)
320 m long pipe :
D4 = 225 mm
ID4 = 225 (2 x 13.40) = 0.198 m
A4 = 0.0308 m2
V4 = Q / A4 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0308 m2 = 2.25 m/s
Nre4 = D4V4 / = 460128 ( Turbulent flow)
Pool entrance :
D4 = 225 mm
ID4 = 225 (2 x 13.40) = 0.198 m
A4 = 0.0308 m2
V4 = Q / A4 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0308 m2 = 2.25 m/s
Nre4 = D4V4 / = 460128 ( Turbulent flow)
FRICTION LOSSES :
/ D = 1.0 X 10-3
/ D = 2.3 x 10-4
Nre = 415820
f = 0.0027
/ D = 2.3 x 10-4
Nre = 415820
f = 0.0027
The maximum pressure in the system is on the pump exit, so we can use mechanical
balance from pool exit to pump exit.
1 / 2 ( v72 v52 ) + g ( z7 z5 ) + ( P7 P5 ) / + F + Ws = 0
1 / 2 ( 4.632 3.922 ) + 9.81( 2.5) + ( P7 - 116599 ) / 1038 + 6.82 66.1 = 0
P7 = 149727 Pa = 1.5 bar
We choose the pipe of maximum pressure endurance 10 bar. 40% more of calculation
value of pressure must be less than 10 bar.
1.5 x 1.40 = 2.1 bar
FILLING SYSTEM 3 :
Sea exit :
ID5 = 15 cm
A5 = 0.0177 m2
V5 = Q / A5 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0177 m2 = 3.92 m/s
Nre5 = D5V5 / = 607307 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump2 entrance :
D6 = 180 mm
ID6 = 180 - ( 2 x 10.7) = 0.158 m
A6 = 0.0196 m2
V6 = Q / A6 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0196 m2 = 3.54 m/s
Nre6 = D6V6 / = 577686 ( Turbulent flow)
Pump2 exit :
D7 = 140 mm
ID7 = 140 (2 x 8.3) = 0.123 m
A7 = 0.012 m2
V7 = Q / A7 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.012 m2 = 5.8 m/s
Nre7 = D7V7 / = 736825 ( Turbulent flow)
Pool entrance :
D4 = 225 mm
ID4 = 225 (2 x 13.40) = 0.198 m
A4 = 0.0308 m2
V4 = Q / A4 = 0.0694 m/s / 0.0308 m2 = 2.25 m/s
Nre4 = D4V4 / = 460128 ( Turbulent flow)
FRICTION LOSSES :
/ D = 1.0 X 10-3
/ D = 2.3 x 10-4
Nre = 415820
f = 0.0027
/ D = 2.3 x 10-4
Nre = 415820
f = 0.0027
The maximum pressure in the system is on the pump exit, so we can use mechanical
balance from pool exit to pump exit.
1 / 2 ( v72 v52 ) + g ( z7 z5 ) + ( P7 P5 ) / + F + Ws = 0
1 / 2 ( 5.82 3.922 ) + 9.81( 2.5) + ( P7 - 116599 ) / 1038 + 6.95 70.3 = 0
P7 = 147415 Pa = 1.47 bar
We choose the pipe of maximum pressure endurance 10 bar. 40% more of calculation
value of pressure must be less than 10 bar.
1.47 x 1.40 = 2.05 bar < 10 bar
COST CALCULATIONS :
Pump cost :
- One pump ( SNM 150 / 200 ) = 1500 YTL x 0.8 ( 20% discount) = 1200 YTL
- Two pumps 2 x 1200 YTL = 2400 YTL x 1 $ / 1.240 YTL = 1935 $
Annual pump cost = 1935 $ / 15 years = 129.03 $ / year
Pipe cost :
- 8 m, 6( 15 cm ) Galvanized pipe 8 m x 62 YTL/m = 496 YTL
- 11.40 m, ( D = 250 mm ) PE pipe 11.40 m x 30,19 / m x 1.95 YTL / 1 x
0.60( 40% discount)
= 402 YTL
- 342.40 m, ( D = 225 mm ) PE pipe 320 m x 24.66 / m x 1.95 YTL / 1 x
0.60( 40% discount)
= 9232 YTL
pipe cost = 496 + 402 + 9232 = 10130 YTL x 1$ / 1.240 YTL = 8169 $
Annual galvanized pipe cost = 375.76 $ / 25 years = 15 $ / year
Annual PE pipe cost = 7445 $ / 50 years = 148.9 $ / year
annual pipe cost = 163.9 $ / year
Fitting cost :
90 elbow cost
- 4 units x ( 125 mm ) 4 x 18,34 = 73.3 x 0.65 ( 35% discount) = 47.6
- 3 units x ( 225 mm ) 4 x 42.92 = 171.6 x 0.65 ( 35% discount) = 111.5
- 1 unit x (180 mm) 1 x 30.06 = 30.06 x 0.65 ( 35%discount) = 19.5
45 elbow cost
- 1 unit x (140 mm) 1 x 14.86 = 14.86 x 0.65 ( 35%discount) = 9.65
- 2 units x (180 mm) 2 x 21.30 = 42.6 x 0.65 ( 35%discount) = 27.70
- 2 units x (225 mm) 2 x 29.89 = 59.8 x 0.65 (35%discount) = 38.87
Tee cost
- 2 units x ( 225 mm) 2 x 56.21 = 112.4 x 0.65 ( 35%discount) = 73.06
- 1 unit x ( 125 mm) 1 x 23.35 = 23.35 x 0.65 ( 35%discount) = 15.17
Coupling
- 2 units x ( 100 mm ) 2 x 13.90 YTL = 27.8 YTL x 0.85 ( 15% discount) = 23.63
YTL
- 1 unit x ( 125 mm ) 1 x 18.40 YTL = 18.40 YTL x 0.85 ( 15 % discount) = 15.64
YTL
- 2 units ( 150 mm ) 2 x 22.00 YTL = 44.00 x 0.85 (15% discount) = 37.4 YTL
- 3 units ( 200 mm) 2 x 33.00 YTL = 66.00 x 0.85 (15% discount) = 56.1 YTL
= 203.5
Filter
- 1 unit ( 150 mm ) 1 x 313.5 YTL = 313.5 YTL x 0.80 ( 20% discount ) = 250.8
YTL
- 1 unit x ( 125 mm ) 1 x 243.0 YTL = 243 YTL x 0.80 ( 20% discount ) = 194.4
YTL
fitting cost = ( 343.05 x 1.57 $ / 1 ) + ( 4708 YTL x 1 $ / 1.24 YTL) = 4334.5 $
Annual fitting cost = 4334.5 $ / 15 years = 288.97 $ / year
Annual maintenance :
- For two pump 1935 $ x 3 / 100 = 58.05 $
- For galvanized pipe 380 $
- For PE pipe 300 $
annual maintenance = 738.05 $ / year
TOTAL COST :
1935 $ + 8169 $ + 4334.5 $ + 489.81 $ + 2568 $ = 16299 $
With 18% KDV
16299 $ x 1.18 = 19233 $
The cost of electricity and the cost for maintenance is not included to total cost;
because they are operational costs, which will arise when the system is in operation.
DISCUSSION:
In this Project , a new design of a pool for a summer resort place of 200 bungalows
that charges-discharge the pool at 4 hours, and a new system with minimum cost is
constructed. The existing pipeline system discharges and refills of the pool very slow;
discharges at 28 hours, fills at 32 hours. The existing system is repaired with new equipments
and some changes, so that people can use the pool 16 hours a day. In the new design,
collection well is cancelled and pump is connected to the pool with a pipeline. A filter is put
entrance of the pump, the pump is protected from undesired materials and expensive
ornament things are taken back from the filter. Three different ID pipe are used to calculate
three different pump powers for both filling and discharge system. Total costs are calculated
with using three different calculations, and the best ones are used in the new design.
In the new design Project, polyethylene pipes are used; more expensive but this type of
pipeline will be sturdier and not required the handling cost for connection of units. For
example polyethylene pipes are sold with 200m (rulo) and they are flexible, they dont need
elbows for a long path; but PVC pipes are sold with 8m constant long so they need 39
coupling and 3 elbows with 45 degree to construct. These extra fittings are passed over with
using polyethylene pipes. In the filling system water at initial conditions; when globe valve is
fully closed, remaining water is protected inside the pipe by using check valve. Friction factor
for polyethylene pipe can be taken as 75% of that commercial steel tubing given in
corresponding figure reference to term Project explanation .The salt percent of the Aegean
Sea is assumed that 4% of the water, sea water and pool water temperature is assumed at
20C. The density and viscosity is taken at these conditions from the datas at Transport
Process and Unit Operations book. The whole sale market prices for polyethylene pipes for
different ID and maximum pressure endurance are taken from EGE YILDIZ Rzgarl, ULUS
Prices do not include KDV If we get equipment from retail store with a cash, they make 40%
discount to the equipments. Difference between KDV and discount is found and calculated
are made at these price lowering. The exit is taken for maximum pressure endurance of the
different ID pipes are found .After that the accuracy of pipes in the new design are shown in
the calculations. Different parameters for pump choosing to get the volumetric flow rate of the
initial conditions and pump height of the hill. Pumps are chosen that is tied to these
parameters. The flow rate capacity of the pump can be enhanced to the desired volumetric
flow rate by an adaptor. The minimum cost of the new design is done after all assumptions
and calculations.