EE 260 Lecture 1

Introduction to the Course

Course Objectives
At the conclusion of this class, students should be able to:

Interface a microcontroller to a variety of analog

and digital input and output devices.!
Program a microcontroller to implement a closedloop automatic control.!
Write and Troubleshoot assembly language code
for a microcontroller.!
Analyze a problem to determine appropriate
microcontroller use.
EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Required Acquisitions
Textbook !
Arduino (R3) + cable!
Arduino IDE !
EduShield!
(Project Book)

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Buy: $54!
Rent: $40.50
Will begin
using this
right away.

Required Acquisitions
Textbook !
Arduino (R3) + USB cable!
Arduino IDE !
EduShield!
Buy: $22!
EE Office

(Project Book)

Will begin using this 1/23/2014.

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Required Acquisitions
Textbook !
Arduino (R3) + USB cable!
Arduino IDE !
EduShield!
(Project Book)

FREE!!
www.arduino.cc
Will begin using this 1/23/2014.

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Required Acquisitions
Textbook !
Arduino (R3) + cable !
Arduino IDE !
EduShield!
(Project Book)
Check Out: Free!
Purchase: $35
Will begin using this 1/23/2014.

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Recommended Acquisitions
Textbook !
Arduino (R3) + cable!
Arduino IDE !
EduShield!
(Project Book)

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Will use this

later in
teams.

CANVAS
Assignments Posted/Submitted!
Announcements!
Grades!
Groups!
Files (Almost All)!
Modules (Homework, Lectures, Exam Stuff)

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Lecture Videos

http://128.123.130.134/files260/Lectures/

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

What is an Embedded System?

The integration of:!
Sensors!
Actuators!
Intelligence!
with a system to produce:!
More capable, versatile, and robust performance

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Appropriate Microcontroller Use

A microcontroller is a correct tool to use when:

Intelligence is required in the system.!

The complexity of a system is reduced when using one.!
The cost of the microcontroller is less than using
discrete components to do the same job.!
A variety of sensors and actuators must be integrated in
the system!
Communication with other devices is necessary.
EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Appropriate Microcontroller Use

A microcontroller is NOT the correct tool to use when:

The system requires little or no intelligence.!

The system can be made easier and/or cheaper using
discrete-components!
The microcontroller is undersized for the problem!
too slow!
too much number crunching required!
too many things going on
EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

The Embedded System

Concept Map
Power
Source

(Arduino)
User
Interface

Controller
Hardware
+
Software

Power
Interface

Signal
Conditioner
Power
Source

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Actuator

Sensor

System
needing
control

System Needing Control

Mechanical!
Electrical!
Electro-Mechanical (Mechatronic)!
Biological!
Thermodynamic!
Chemical!
.
EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

System Needing Control

Whats wrong with it?!
What would we like to do with it?!
What can we do with it?

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Example: SawStop
Powerful electric table saws can cut off fingers.!
How to prevent this?!
Organic bodies are conductive, and generally
softer than wood. Using this knowledge can be a
clue to solving the problem.

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Example: SawStop
Smart saw applies a small electrical signal to the blade!
Sensor and DSP monitor the signal.!
When blade contacts skin, the signal changes!
The change activates the safety system:!
An aluminum brake locks onto the blade!
The blades momentum causes it to swing beneath the table
and out of the way!
Power to the motor is shut off
EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Example: SawStop
Power
Source

Controller
Hardware
+
Software

Motor
Power
Interface

DSP

Brake

Sensor

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Saw
Blade

Sensor + Signal Conditioner

Required for closed loop control!
(What is the system called if it uses no sensor?)!
Measures important system variable(s)!
These measurements may need to be conditioned
for use by the brain.!
The conditioning involves scaling, offsetting,
filtering, etc. required for the controller to have
meaningful data.
EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Power Source(s)
May need to provide multiple voltage levels (e.g.,
+5v, 12v, +24v)!
May need to supply power other than electrical
(e.g., hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.)!
May require both high-power and low-power
levels.

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Power Interface
Needs to do a power amplification!
Able to handle the power requirements demanded
by the actuator!
Usually analog, possibly PWM
250
200
150
100
50
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

10

12

14

16

18

20

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

0

Actuator
Energy conversion device!
Converts power to the kind needed by the
controlled device.!
motor, brake, pump, solenoid, linear actuator,
flaps, etc.

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

User Interface
Takes input commands from the user!
Provides meaningful information to the user!
Could be a:!
GUI!
Meter!
Numerical readout!
Warning indicator!
etc.
EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Controller Hardware
Computer (analog or digital)!
Microcontroller!
Communication circuit!
other devices of UI!
Interface Circuitry!
pullup/pulldown resistors!
analog processing
EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Controller Software
C/C++/Arduino IDE for many functions!
Assembly language for higher speed functions!
FPGA for highest speed (VHDL)

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Microcontroller MFGRs
AMCC !
Atmel!
Comfile Technology
Inc.!
Coridium!
Cypress
MicroSystems!
Dallas
Semiconductor !
Elba Corp.!
Freescale
Semiconductor !
Fujitsu!

Holtek!
Infineon!
Intel!
Microchip
Technology!
National
Semiconductor!
NEC!
Parallax, Inc.!
Philips
Semiconductors!
PICAXE!
Renesas Technology!

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Silabs!
Silicon Motion!
STMicroelectronics!
Texas Instruments!
Toshiba!
Western Design
Center!
Ubicom!
Xemics!
Xilinx!
ZiLOG

Why the Arduino?

Improvement over other micro-controllers for
hobby usage!
Inexpensive!
IDE on multiple platforms (Mac, PC, Linux)!
Simple, clear programming environment: C!
Open source and extensible software/hardware!
Arduino Shields
EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Arduino Shields
VGA camera!

Load Cell!

GPS!

Accelerometer/Gyros!

LCD displays!

LED displays!

Ethernet!

Memory Cards!

WiFi!

Weather Sensors!

Motor control
(dc, stepper) !

Relays!

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Mobile Robot

Arduino Applications
Arduino Web Server
Ethernet

Storage

Processor

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Arduino Applications
Light dimmer that responds to music (MIDI)

Audio
Source

Pre-Amp
Rectifier

HPF
BPF
LPF

A0

Relays

A1
A2

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction

Spot
Lights

Arduino Applications
Piano Gloves

EE 260: Lecture 1 Course Overview & Introduction