Individual Study Plan: Unit 2 Electricity

Subject:
Student
:

Physics

Teacher:
Unit

N.Lad
Unit 2

Study Task outline:

DC Electricity ISP
This ISP covers the start of Physics Unit 2: Physics at Work. While much of the topic
contains mathematical concepts which you will be asked quantitatively (using numbers)
you may be asked to explain these ideas qualitatively (using words). This ISP will help you
build the skills required to answer both styles of questions and aid you to build your
knowledge for your assessments. It is of imperative importance that you can answer both
quantitative and qualitative Physics questions; without this skill you will struggle to do any
better than a D grade. To achieve a grade A-C you will need to be able to bring together
different areas of Physics you have learnt (e.g. terminal velocity and distance/velocity time
graph). You must also be able to use an equation in a qualitative manner, explaining the
implications of changing a variable in the The specification points in this ISP are all of the
specification points within the Waves module (see your specification or the Revision
checklist in your revision guide).

The A* grade is awarded if the candidate meets two requirements:

Grade A for the overall Advanced GCE
90% of the total available uniform marks for the A2 units
This means that you can get a B grade in AS Physics and still achieve an A*in A2 Physics
A* students should be able to:
apply principles and concepts in familiar and new contexts involving only a few steps in the
argument
describe significant trends and patterns shown by data presented in tabular or graphical
form and interpret phenomena with few errors and present arguments and evaluations
clearly
explain and interpret phenomena with few errors and present arguments and evaluations
clearly
carry out structured calculations with few errors and demonstrate good understanding of
the underlying relationships between physical quantities.
Exam questions where you are asked to describe experiments are often worth 6 marks,
which can help you reach the next grade up of an exam paper.
In these questions you need to:
Clearly state the equipment required, explain and justify the equipment you have chosen,
the measurement you make, and calculations you will do and also how you will make the
experiment reliable to satisfy the criteria for full marks.
Past papers and other examboard information is available on the following website:
http://www.edexcel.com/quals/gce/gce08/physics/Pages/default.aspx
Task Task detail
Resources
Completed/comme
needed
nts
1
Using your Edexcel AS Physics revision guide
Edexcel AS
Q
E
M
review the following sections:
Physics revision WWW
guide
Mechanics (Motions) p8-17
Mechanics (Energy) p18-23
Answer practice exam questions on

p24 (answers at the back of the book)

Materials p26-35
Answer practice exam questions p36
(answers at the back of the book)
There is also a unit to test to complete as
well

Specification points covered :

50,59,56,51,55,54,57
You should read through the notes from
lessons and p118-127. The areas to focus
on are:
1. Understanding the terms current,
potential difference, resistance, and
resistivity
2. Use the equation for Q, V, I, R and
resistivity
3. Be able to find the resistivity of a material
using a graph
Complete Explaining Everything 1
Complete questions for Task 2 from
your DC electricity ISP booklet and
mark using mark scheme

UNIT 3 Internal Assessment

Using the unit 3 marking grid, make sure you
are 100% clear on what each criterion is
asking of you.
If you are unsure, use pages 82-87 from your
Edexcel AS Physics Revision Guide
A*/A Students hoping to achieve an A
or an A* need to score 36 out of 40 as a
minimum.

EBI

MRI

Edexcel AS
Physics
textbook
DC electricity
Booklet

Q
E
WWW

EBI

Explaining
everything 1
MRI

UNIT 3 marking
grid

Q
E
WWW

Edexcel AS
Physics revision
guide

EBI

MRI

Specification points covered : 60,61,

62, 52,53
You should read through the notes from
lessons and p128-132. The areas to focus
on are:
1. Define the terms within the drift velocity
equation, and re-arrange it for n or v
2. Use the equation for electrical power, and
calculate resistance combinations in
series and parallel
Complete Explaining Everything 2
Complete questions for Task 4 from

Edexcel AS
Physics
textbook
DC electricity
Booklet

Q
E
WWW

EBI

Explaining
everything
MRI

your DC electricity ISP booklet and

mark using mark scheme
A*/A - try and link the drift velocity
equation to your understanding of how
thermistors and LDRs work
5
Specification points covered : 58,59
You should read through the notes from
lessons and p134-143. The areas to focus
on are:
1. Being able to find the internal
resistance/emf of a cell by using an
equation and a graph
2. How we can use lengths of wire, or
resistors to help us divide potential
Complete Explaining Everything 3
Complete questions for Task 5 from
your DC electricity ISP booklet and
mark using mark scheme
A*/A research how internal resistance
is linked to power output and how this
is linked to the idea of impedance
matching.
Q - Questions completed
E - Explaining everything completed
M - Questions marked
WWW want went well
EBI even better if
MRI My response is (student response)

Edexcel AS
Physics
textbook
DC electricity
Booklet

Q
E
WWW

EBI

Explaining
everything
MRI

UNIT 3 MARKING CRITEERIA

Explaining Everything 1
Describe how to find the resistivity of a material using a R vs l graph (include the unit for the
gradient of this graph).
Terms/Words to include:
y=mx+c
ohms

gradient

mircometer cross-sectional area

resistance

length

Draw V vs I (or I vs V) graphs for a diode, a filament lamp and a resistor. Explain the shape of
the graphs.
Terms/Words to include:
Resistance

temperature current

potential differenceconstant

one direction

Explaining everything 2
Describe how current flows throw a wire, and explain the role of drift velocity
Terms/Words to include:
Drift velocity charge
current

charge carrier density

cross-sectional area

Sow how resistors add up in series and parallel. Give at least 4 different combinations

Explaining Everything 3
Describe how to find the internal resistance /EMF of a cell using a graph and using equations
Terms/Words to include:
Internal resistance Electromotive Force
lost volts

gradient

y-intercept

y=mx+c

Describe how a piece of wire or a combination of resistors can be used as a potential divider.
Terms/Words to include:
Ratio

Potential divider

Potential difference

Resistance

1.

List of data, formulae and relationships

Data
Acceleration of free fall
Boltzmann constant
Coulombs law constant

g = 9.81 m s

k = 1.38 10

(close to Earths surface)

23

JK

k = 1/4 o
9

= 8.99 10 N m C
C

31

kg

e = 1.60 10

Electron mass

me = 9.11 10

Electronvolt

1 eV = 1.60 10

Gravitational constant
Gravitational field strength

G = 6.67 10
g = 9.81 N kg

11

19

J
2

N m kg

(close to Earths surface)

Permittivity of free space

o = 8.85 1012 F m1

Planck constant

h = 6.63 10

Proton mass

mp = 1.67 10

Speed of light in a vacuum

2.

19-

Electron charge

34

Js

27

kg

c = 3.00 10 m s

Stefan Boltzmann constant

5.67 108 W m2 K4

Unified atomic mass unit

u = 1.66 10

27

Mechanics
Kinematic equations of motion

v = u + at
s = ut + at
2

v = u + 2as
Forces

F = ma
g = F/m
W = mg

Work and energy

W = Fs
Ek = mv

Egrav = mgh

kg

Materials
Stokes law

F = 6rv

Hookes law

F = kx

Density

= m/V

Pressure

p = F/A

Youngs modulus

E = / where
Stress = F/A
Strain = x/x

Elastic strain energy

Eel = Fx

Appendix 8 Formulae

3.

Waves
Wave speed
Refractive index

v = f
12

= sin i/sin r = v1/v2

Electricity
Potential difference

V = W/Q

Resistance

R = V/I

Electrical power, energy and

efficiency

P = VI
2
P=I R
2

P = V /R
W = VIt
% efficiency = [useful energy (or power)
output/total energy (or power) input] 100%
Resistivity

R = l/A

Current

I = Q/t
I = nqvA

Quantum physics
Photon model

E = hf

Einsteins photoelectric
equation

hf = + mv

max

DC Electricity ISP Booklet

Task 2
1.

Listed below are five physical quantities.

charge

current

potential difference

resistance

resistivity

Select from this list the quantity that fits each description below. You may use each quantity once, more
than once or not at all.
(i)

A quantity which can be measured in joules per coulomb.

.....................................................................................................................................

(ii)

A quantity which equals the product of two other quantities in the list.
.....................................................................................................................................

(iii)

A quantity which equals the rate of change of another quantity in the list.
.....................................................................................................................................

(iv)

A base quantity in the SI system.

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

2.

How much electrical energy is required to move 4.00 mC of charge through a potential difference of 36.0
V?
4

1.11 10 J

0.144 J

144 J

9000 J
(Total 1 mark)

3.

State the word equation that is used to define charge.

...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(1)

Define potential difference.

...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(1)

A 9.0 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected to a light bulb.

Calculate the energy transferred in the light bulb when 20 C of charge flows through it.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
Energy = .....................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

4.

Io is one of Jupiters moons. Some of the electrons released from the volcanic surface of Io have an
7
1
5
average velocity of 2.9 10 m s towards Jupiter. The distance between Jupiter and Io is 4.2 10 km.
(a)

Show that the time taken for these electrons to reach Jupiter is about 14 s.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)

In this way a current of 3.0 10 A is created between Io and Jupiter. Calculate the number of
electrons that arrive at Jupiter every second.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
Number of electrons = ................................
(2)

(c)

State the direction of the current.

......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

5.

The circuit shows a battery of negligible internal resistance connected to three resistors.
6 .0 V

I1

I2
R
4 .0
0 .2 4 A

(a)

15

Calculate the potential difference across the 15 resistor.

.....................................................................................................................................
Potential difference = .
(1)

(b)

Calculate the current I1 in the 4.0 resistor.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
I1 = .
(3)

(c)

Calculate the current I2 and the resistance R.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
I2 = .
R = .
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

6.

A student carries out an experiment to determine the resistivity of iron using the circuit shown below.
2 V

Iro n w ire

V
He uses iron wire with a diameter of 0.50 mm.
Show that the cross-sectional area of this wire is about 2 10

m.

...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(2)

The table shows the results he obtained.

Resistance /

Length / m

0.00

0.00

0.10

0.10

0.14

0.20

0.18

0.30

0.24

0.40

0.30

0.50

0.36

0.60

0.42

0.70

0.48

0.80

Length area /10 m

Complete the third column and use the data to plot a graph of resistance against length area on the grid
on the next side

0 .5
R e s is ta n c e /
0 .4

0 .3

0 .2

0 .1

0
0

1 .0

2 .0

3 .0

4 .0

5 .0

L e n g t h .. a r e a / 1 0 m
6

(3)

Draw the line of best fit and use this to calculate the resistivity of iron.
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
Resistivity = ....................................
(4)

Suggest an explanation for the anomalous results obtained in this experiment.

...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

Task 3
7.

The currentpotential difference characteristics of an electrical component are shown below.

C u rre n t / m A
250
200
150
100
50

0 .8

0 .4

0 .4

0 .8

P o te n tia l d iffe re n c e / V
(a)

Name the component. ....................................................................................................

(1)

(b)

(i)

Calculate the resistance of this component when the potential difference is +0.60 V.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Resistance = .............................
(2)

(ii)

State its resistance when the potential difference is 0.80 V.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c)

State a practical use for this component.

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

8.

The circuit shown is used to produce a current-potential difference graph for a 12 V, 24 W filament lamp.

A
V

(a)

Calculate the current in the filament lamp when the potential difference across it is 12 V.
......................................................................................................................................
Current = ......................................
(2)

(b)

(i)

Sketch a graph of current against potential difference for this filament lamp.

(2)

(ii)

Explain, with reference to the filament, the shape of your graph, as the potential difference
across the filament increases from 0 V to 12 V.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

9.

The current I in a conductor of cross-sectional area A is given by the formula

I = nAQv
where Q is the charge on a charge carrier.

(a)

What quantities do n and v represent?

n .................................................................................................................................
v .................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)

A student has a metal conductor and a plastic insulator of the same dimensions. He applies the
same potential difference across each. Explain how the relative values of n for the metal conductor
and plastic insulator affect the current in each.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c)

The student connects two pieces of copper wire, A and B, in series with each other and a battery.
The diameter of wire A is twice that of wire B. Calculate the ratio of the drift velocity in wire A to
the drift velocity in wire B and explain your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

Task4
10.

A circuit is set up as shown in the diagram.

10

20

40

When the switch is closed, the potential difference across the 20 resistor would
A

equal the potential difference across the 10 resistor

be twice the potential difference across the 10 resistor

equal the potential difference across the 40 resistor

be half the potential difference across the 40 resistor

(Total 1 mark)

11.

A and B are two lamps.

(a)

Lamp A is rated at 12 V, 24W. Calculate the current in the lamp when it operates at its rated
voltage.
.....................................................................................................................................
Current in lamp A= ..............................
(2)

(b)

Lamp B is rated at 6.0 V. When it operates at its rated voltage, the current in it is 3.0 A.
Lamps A and B are connected in a circuit as shown below. The values of R 1 and R2 are chosen so
that both lamps operate at their rated voltage.
15 V
R

(i)State the reading on the voltmeter.

(1)
R

(ii)Calculate the resistance of R2.

Resistance of R2 = ..............................
(3)

(iii) Calculate the current in R1.

...........................................................................................................................
Current in R1 = ..............................
(1)

(iv)

Calculate the potential difference across R 1.

...........................................................................................................................
Potential difference = ..............................
(1)

(v)

Calculate the resistance of R1.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Resistance of R1 = ..............................
(1)
(Total 9 marks)

12.

Three identical resistors are connected across a potential difference V so that one of them is in parallel
with the other two which are connected in series. The power dissipated through the first one, compared to
the power dissipated by each of the other two, is approximately
A

the same

half as much

twice as much

four times as much

(Total 1 mark)

13.

(a)

A thermistor has a negative temperature coefficient. Explain with reference to the equation I =
nAQv what happens to its resistance when its temperature increases.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

(b)

This thermistor is connected as shown in the diagram. Assume the battery has negligible internal
resistance.

This circuit can be used as an electrical thermometer to monitor the temperature of a water bath.

(i)

State how each meter responds when the temperature of the water is decreased.
Ammeter: ..........................................................................................................
Voltmeter: .........................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

Which meter is used to indicate temperature?

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)

State another assumption that you made.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)

Task 5
14.

A cell of e.m.f. and internal resistance r is connected in a circuit with a resistor of resistance R. The
current in the circuit is I.

r
I
R

(a)

Using the symbols in the diagram, write down a formula for

(i)

the rate of conversion of chemical energy in the cell,

...........................................................................................................................

(ii)

the power dissipated in the resistor of resistance R,

...........................................................................................................................

(iii)

the power dissipated in r.

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(b)

Use these formulae to write an equation based on conservation of energy in the circuit.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c)

The current I in the above circuit is given by the formula I = /(R + r). A laboratory E.H.T. supply
is designed to produce a maximum potential difference of 5 kV. Give a typical value for the
internal resistance of this supply and explain why it has this value.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

15.

A student sets up the following circuit using a cell of e.m.f. and internal resistance r.

r
A
R

(a)

Complete the equation for the total e.m.f. in terms of the other quantities given in the diagram.

=
(1)

(b)

He measures the current I for different values of resistance R. He then plots a graph of R against
1/I.
40
R /
30

20

10

12

16

20

_1
/A
I

-1

-1 0

The equation for this graph is

R= I r
(i)

Show how this equation is derived from the one you have stated above.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

Use the graph to determine the value for the e.m.f. of the cell. Show all your working.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
E.m.f. = ................................... (2)

(iii) Show that when the external resistance is 5 the power dissipated in that resistance is about
0.3 W.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................... (3)
(c)

The student repeats the experiment adding an identical cell in series. Draw on the graph the result
of this experiment.
(3)(Total 10 marks)

16.

Graph A shows how the potential difference across a battery varies with the current supplied. Graph B
shows how the current in a filament lamp varies with the p.d. across it.
10

V /V

g ra p h B

4
g ra p h A
2

0 .5

1 .0

1 .5

2 .0

2 .5

3 .0
I/A

(a)

(i)

Use graph A to determine the internal resistance and the e.m.f. of the battery.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Internal resistance = .
e.m.f = .(2)

(ii)

The lamp is connected to the battery. Determine the current in the lamp.
........................................................................................................................... (1)

(iii)

Calculate the resistance of the filament lamp when it is connected to the battery.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Resistance = .
(2)

(b)

(i)

Draw a diagram of a circuit that would enable graph A to be plotted.

(2)

(ii)

Describe how you would use this circuit to obtain the data for the graph.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

17.

An experiment is set up to investigate how the current I in a filament lamp varies with the potential
difference V across it. The components used are shown below.

(a)

Readings are taken over the full range from 0 V to the cells maximum potential difference. In the
space below, draw a circuit diagram for this experiment.

(2)

(b)

(i)

Sketch on the axes below the shape of the graph you would expect the results to give.

(2)

(ii)

Explain the shape of your graph. You may be awarded a mark for the clarity of your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

1.

(i)

JC
Potential difference (1)
(ii) Product of two quantities
Potential difference (1)
(iii) Rate of change
current (1)
(iv) Base quantity
current (1)
(for any part if two answers are given score is zero)

4
[4]

2.

B
[1]

3.

Charge
Charge is the current time (1)
Potential difference
Work done per unit charge [flowing] (1)
Energy
9 V 20 C (1)
= 180 J (1)

1
1
2
[4]

4.

(a)

Io and Jupiter: Time taken for electrons to reach Jupiter

8
7
1
t = s/ = (4.2 10 m)/(2.9 10 m s ) = 14.48 s
Correct substitution in = s/t (ignore powers of ten) (1)
Answer: 14.48 s, 14.5 s [no ue] (1) 2

(b)

Estimate of number of electrons

Q = ne = It
n = It/e
6
19
n = (3.0 10 A) (1s)/(1.6 10 C)
Use of ne = It (1)
25
(1.8 2.0) 10 (1)
2

(c)

Current direction
From Jupiter (to Io) / to Io / to the moon (1) 1
[5]

5.

(a)

pd = 3.6 V (1)
Example of answer;
p.d. = 0.24 A 15 = 3.6 V

(b)

Calculation of pd across the resistor (1)

[6.0 3.6 = 2.4 V]
Recall V = IR (1)
I1 calculated from their pd / 4 (1)
[correct answer is 0.60 A. Common ecf is 6V/4 gives 1.5 A]
Example of answer:
I1 = 2.4 V / 4.0 = 0.6 A

(c)

Calculation of I2 from I1 0.24 [0.36 A] (1)

[allow ecf of their I1. common value = 1.26 A]
Substitution V = 3.6 V (1)
R = 10 (1)

3
[7]

6.

Area of wire:
Use of
2
A = r (1)
7
2
7
7
2
Correct answer [1.9 10 (m ). Allow 1.9 10 and 2.0 10 (m )](1)
[No u.e.]
e.g.
2
4 2
A = r = (2.5 10 )
7 2
= 1.96 10 m
Table + graph:
6 1
Length / Area / 10 m
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.1
3.6
(1)
4.0 4.1
First 2 points plotted correctly to within 1 mm (1)
Rest of points in straight line with origin by eye (1)
Resistivity calculation:
Drawn through the origin, ignoring first 2 points (1)
Recall = R /(L/A) [in any form] (1)
Large triangle drawn on graph OR accept the use of a pair of values (1)
read from the line
-6 1
[ x> 3 10 m )is required in both cases]
[x-axis allowed as bottom of triangle]
-7
Correct answer [1.2 10 m)] (1)
-7
[allow 1.1 1.3 10 ( m)] [no u.e.]
e.g.
6
7
0.4 / 3.4 10 = 1.2 10 m
Anomalous results:
Any two of the following:

Higher current/lower resistance for shorter lengths/at these points

At shorter lengths/at these points wire gets hotter

Non-uniform area/diameter

Cable / contact resistance

Sensitivity of meters

Effect on resistance of any of the above (2)

2

max
[11]

7.

(a)

Diode or LED (1) 1

(b)

(i)

Use of R = V / I current between 75 and 90 ignoring powers of 10 (1)

answer 6.7 8.0 (1)
Example of answer
3
R = 0.60 V (85 10 ) A
R = 7.06 2

(ii)

Infinite OR very high OR 1

(c)

ANY ONE
Rectification / AC to DC / DC supply [not DC appliances]
Preventing earth leakage
Stabilising power output
To protect components
A named use of LED if linked to LED as component in (a)(eg
calculator display / torch)
A voltage controlled switch
(Allow current in only one direction)
1
[5]

8.

(a)

Current in filament lamp

P = VI or correct rearrangement (1)
2 A (1)
2

(b)

(i)

Sketch graph
Correct shape for their axes (1)
IV quadrant showing fair rotational symmetry (1) 2

(ii)

Explanation of shape
(As the voltage/p.d. increases), current also increases (1)
(As the current increases), temperature of lamp increases (1)
(This leads to) an increase in resistance of lamp (1)
so equal increases in V lead to smaller increases in I OR rate of
increase in current decreases OR correct reference to their correct (1) 4
gradient
[8]

9.

(a)

(b)

(c)

[If a straight line graph was drawn though the origin then (1)(0)(0)(1) for
the following:
V is proportional to R
therefore the graph has a constant gradient]
n = number of charge carriers per unit volume OR
3
n = number of charge carriers m
OR
n = charge carrier density (1)
v = drift speed/average velocity/drift velocity (of the charge carriers) (1)
n is greater in conductors / n less in insulators. (1)
[There must be some comparison]
larger current flows in a conductor. Dependant on having
referred to n (1)
(statement that n large in conductor and so current large max1)
(In series), so same current and same n and Q (1)
vB greater vA (1)
vA/vB = // 0.25 (1)

3
[7]

10.

11.

(a)

[1]

Use of P = IV (1)
Current in lamp A 2 A (1)
st
[0.5 A scores zero unless 24 = I 12 seen for 1 mark]

Example of answer
I = P V = 24 W 12V
I = 2A
(b)

(i)

Voltmeter reading = 12 V (1) 1

(ii)

p.d. across R2 = 6 V or their (b)(i) minus 6V (1)

Use of R = V/I (1) conditional on first mark
R2
Answer to this part must be consistent with
voltmeter reading and if voltmeter reading is wrong
this part has a max 2. If (b)(i) = 15 V then need to see
If (b)(i) = 6V or less they are going to score zero for this section.

(iii)

current through R1 = 5 A (1) ecf answers from (a)

Example of answer
Current through R1 = 2 A + 3 A = 5 A

(iv)

p.d. across R1 = 3 V (1) ecf (15V minus their (b)(i))

Example of answer
p.d. across R1 = 15 V 12 V = 3 V

(v)

R1 1
Example of answer
R1 = 3 V 5A = 0.6
[accept fraction 3/5]

[9]

12.

13.

(a)

[1]

(b)

(As temperature of thermistor increases) its resistance

decreases [Do not credit the converse] (1)
any TWO
(slight) decrease in v (symbol, velocity or drift velocity)
Large increase in n increases [accept electrons/charge carriers for n]
A, Q and (pd) remain constant (1)(1)
[ignore any reference to v staying constant] 3
(n constant, cant score mark for 3,4)
(i)
ammeter reading decreases (1)
voltmeter reading unaltered (1)
(ii) ammeter is used to indicate temperature (1)
(iii) Assumption: ammeter; ideal/ has zero/negligible resistance (1)
(Reference to meters is zero mark) 4
[7]

14.

(a)

(b)
(c)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

EI (1)
2
I R (1)
2
I r (1)
2

1
1
1

EI = I R + I r or E = IR + Ir
ecf Must use values (a)(i)-(iii)

I for circuit given by Imax = E / r or substitution of

5000V into the equation (1)
(for safety) need I to be as small as possible (1)
3
[7]

15.

Emf and Internal resistance

(a) Derivation

E = I (R + r) OR E = IR + Ir (1)
(b)

(c)

(i)

Correct working (allow even if evidence of working backwards) (1)

Example of answer
E/I = R + r
Rearranging R = E/I r
(ii) Emf
Attempt to use gradient (1)
answer 1.5 V (bald answer 1.5 V scores 0/2) (1)
2
(iii) Power
From graph find value of 1/I when R = 5 (1)
2
Use of P = I R (1)
answer 0.31 (W) (1) 3
Example of answer
1
1/I = 4 A I = 0.25 A
P = 0.25 A 0.25 A 5 = 0.3125 W
Graph
Intercept at 2 (ohms) (1)
Graph steeper than original (1)
Gradient is 3.0 V i.e. line passes through [10, 27-29] [no ecf] (1)
3
[10]

16.

(a)

(b)

(i)

( gradient =) r = 1.95 2 (1)

E = 8.9 9 V (1)

(ii)

I = 2.15 2.17 A (1)

(iii)

Use of V = IR (1)
R = 2.1 2.2 (1)

Battery or cell with one or more resistive component (1)

Correct placement of voltmeter and ammeter (1)

(i)
(ii)

Vary R e.g. variable resistor, lamps in parallel (1)

Record valid readings of current and pd (consequent mark) (1)
[Do not give these marks if the candidate varies the voltage as well]

2
[9]

17.

(a)

(b)

Circuit diagram
Potentiometer correctly connected i.e potential divider circuit (1)
Ammeter in series and voltmeter in parallel with bulb (1)
(light bulb in series with resistance can score second mark only)
(i)

Graph
+I, +V quadrant; curve through origin with decreasing gradient (1)
[do not give this mark if curve becomes flat and then starts going
down i.e. it has a hook]
I, V quadrant reasonably accurate rotation of +I,+V quadrant (1)

(ii)

Shape of graph
As current/voltage increases, temperature of the lamp increases /
lamp heats up (1)
Leading to increase in resistance of lamp (1)
Rate of increase in current decreases OR equal increases in V
lead to smaller increases in I (1)
Qowc (1)
Ecf if a straight line graph is drawn max 3
R constant (1)
V I (1)
Qowc (1)
4
[8]

(ii)

Vary R e.g. variable resistor, lamps in parallel (1)

Record valid readings of current and pd (consequent mark) (1)
[Do not give these marks if the candidate varies the voltage as well]

2
[9]