METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS

Category: (Core)
Mode of Delivery: Lecture (2), Tutorial (0), Practical (2)
Total hours: 60
Credit: 3

COURSE OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Explain Metrology and Various Measuring Instruments and methods
2. Explain the Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) Principles and Symbols
3. Evaluate dimensional accuracy of components using linear and angular measuring
instruments.
4. Demonstrate form measurement methods.
5. Describe advanced methods and automation in measurements

UNIT-I

Introduction to Engineering Metrology

10

General Concepts of metrology-Importance of metrology-Types of metrology-Dynamic, legal,

deterministic-Measurement systems-units, standards, accuracy, precision-dimensional accuracy
and precision-Methods of measurement-Sensitivity-Errors in measurements- various measuring
instruments.

UNIT-II

Form and size Tolerance

13

Fundamental drawing rules-Tolerance grade and fundamental deviations- Fits, Limits and
Tolerances and its needs on CAD/CAM Datums- Application of datums- Datum feature
identification - Cylindrical and Inclined- Form- Flatness, straightness, cylindricity and
circularity-Orientation -Angularity, perpendicularity and parallelism Position- Types of position
- Clearance hole, Threaded hole and coaxiality-Concentricity and symmetry Examples of
concentricity and symmetry-Runout-Types of runout - circular, total-Profile-Profile toleranceProfile of conical features-Profile inspection.

UNIT-III

Linear and Angular Measurements

15

Introduction to linear measurement-Linear measuring instruments-Scale, Vernier, micrometertypes-Gauges-slip gauges,plug gauge,ring gauge, snap gauge-comparators-mechanical, electrical,
pneumatic-Introduction to Angular measurement-angular measuring instruments-Sine bar, bevel
protractor, autocollimator, angle dekkor.

UNIT IV Form Measurements

15

Screw thread terminology - Errors in threads - Internal and external screw thread measurements Screw thread measuring elements - Major diameter, Minor diameter, Pitch diameter & Thread
form - Gear terminology - Types of gears - Gear errors - Gear measurement techniques
-parkinson gear tester, Autocollimator ,Profile projector - Surface texture -Elements of surface
texture - Surface finish methods- Average roughness, Peak to vally, Form factor - Surface finish
measuring instruments Surface Measurement - Straightness and Flatness - Roundness
Measurements

UNIT V Laser Metrology and CMM

Laser metrology- Laser interferometer - Michelson, Dual frequency, Twyman green, Laser
viewers -Types of CMM - Bridge, Cantilever, Horizontal boring mill type, Vertical mill type Errors in CMM - Application, advantages & disadvantages of CMM - Coordinate Measuring
Machine

TEXTBOOKS:
1. K.R.Gopalakrishna, Machine Drawing Subhas Publication, 2002
2. Jain R.K., Engineering Metrology, Khanna Publishers, 2005
3. Alan S. Morris, The Essence of Measurement, Prentice Hall of India, 1997

REFERENCES:
1. Cencel.H.Jensen and J.D.Helsel, Engineering drawing and design McGrawHill science 7th
Edition,2007.
2. Gupta S.C, Engineering Metrology, Dhanpat rai Publications, 2005
3. Jayal A.K, Instrumentation and Mechanical Measurements, Galgotia Publications,2000
4. Beckwith, Marangoni, Lienhard, Mechanical Measurements, Pearson Education, 2006.

5. Donald Deckman, Industrial Instrumentation, Wiley Eastern, 1985.

List of Experiments:

1. Measure the dimensions of the given component using vernier calliper.

2. Determine the diameter of a cylindrical component to accuracy of 0.01mm using
micrometer and to check the result with digital micrometer.
3. Measure the height of the machined component using vernier height gauge.
4. Determine the thickness of the ground MS plate using slip gauges.
5. Measure the thickness of gear tooth by using gear tooth vernier and profile projector.