By Jim Hendershot

SMMA 2011 Fall Technical Conference

Renaissance Charlotte Suites Hotel
November 8-10, 2011

Welcome
For most of the last century two electric machine types
dominated the world for for most all electric motoring
applications. These two well recognized electric motor
types are known as AC induction & DC commutated.
In the last part of the the 20th century new motor types
emerged and became popular because of the computer
and power semiconductors plus the desire for motion
control improvements including variable speed.
One of the most popular machine types in the last 25
years has been the DC brushless machine or now called
PMAC synchronous motors and generators.

First motors emerged inside our bodies !!

The PM brushless machines now comes all shapes and

forms for a variety of popular applications.
As some had predicted a few years ago, the prices of the
popular rare earth magnets has sky-rocketed (up 1400%)
This event has and will continue to cause a response
Clever new magnetic circuits, new magnet supplies as well
as new magnet types and well as alternative motor designs
A very good alternative choice with no magnets is the
inverter driven AC induction machine.
The well known switched reluctance motor type is another
possible choice that some will consider.
4

20th century motor technologies

driven by smart inverters:
Stepping Motors
PM Brushless DC
PM-AC Synchronous (SPM & IPM)
Switched Reluctance Brushless
Reluctance Synchronous
Axial, Radial or Transverse Flux Types

BRUSHLESS & PM-AC

SPM & IPM ROTORS

By Tim Miller
6

2010 Prius
Gear Box

GM VOLT
TRACTION
MOTOR

Cross section of modern AC induction motor

Reliance high performance AC Induction Motor.

10

Brushless motors with no magnets

SRM

RSM

Switched Reluctance Reluctance Synchronous

New Mfg. technology

Standard AC motor/stator

Special stator windings

Standard AC phase windings

Robust rotor (no conductors)

Simple rotor (no conductors)

Difficult noise control

Normal induction motor noise

Special Inverter & control

Uses standard AC inverters

11

Switched Reluctance motors with no magnets

12

2 Phase SR motor replaces AD-DC brush type motor

13

2 Phase SR Motor
Low audible noise
Low torque ripple
(4) transistors
(1) Sensor
(2) Uni-directional

14

Line-Start RSM motors for hermetics & compressors

By Andrew Frazer, Murdoch University Using Infolytica Magnet

15

RSM vs SRM

(8) POLE RSM

16

Brushless motors with no magnets

AC Induction

RSM

BY ABB

17

Induction Rotor vs Reluctance Synchronous Rotors

ABB

ABB

ABB
19

AC stator, RSM rotor & Induction

Rotor plus 3-phase inverter ABB

RSM

AC Induction

19

RSM rotor substituted

for wound rotor rotor in
AC induction motor.
Three Phase Stator

Induction Rotor

Induction Rotor
Reluctance Synchronous Rotor
Furnished by Prof. Valeria Hrabovcova, & Josef Mihok, University of Zilina
20

Two well known lamination

configurations for RSMs

Radial insulated with

Radial laminations

Radial insulated with

Axial laminations

IEEE Transactions Energy conversion, Vol 25, No 2, June 2010

21

RSM (reluctance synchronous rotors with

increased radial mechanical stability

by Dr. Jere Kolehmainen, ABB, Finland

IEEE Transactions Energy conversion, Vol 25, No 2, June 2010

22

(4) Pole RSM rotors

Pole

Pole

axis

axis

axis

axis

The flux barriers or magnetic flux insulators produce

anisotropy which results in the forming of poles in the rotor.
The resulting saliency produces the poles which are the
preferred magnetic flux paths known as the rotor poles.
Furnished by Prof. Valeria Hrabovcova, & Josef Mihok, University of Zilina

23

24

Reluctance Synchronous Motor catalogue, ISGEV, Italy

MOTORI SINCRONI A RILUTTANZA SERIE AR
AR SERIES RELUCTANCE SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS

AD
AG'

LF
AC

LLxLL

SxZ

ARZIGNANO-Vicenza

GA

TOLLERANZE
Estremit d'albero D:
j6 fino al 28, k6 oltre.
Diametro flangia N: j6 fino al 230,
h6 oltre.
TOLERANCE
End of shaft (D):
j6 up to 28, k6 above.
Flange diameter N: j6 up to 230
h6 above 230.

AS
HD

P N D
DB DIN332

AG

F h9

0
H -0,5

BC
T
LE

BA

HA

LA

AA

K
A
AB

B
BB

NOTE
Dal tipo 132, scatola morsettiera
con 2 bocchettoni pressacavo.
Dal tipo 132, golfare di sollevamento.
NOTE
From Type 132 on up, terminal box
with 2 cable-holder unions.
From Type 132 on up, lifting eyebolt.

Z = Numero dei fori di fissaggio

Number of fastening holes

Dimensioni in millimetri - Dimensions in millimeters

Forma costruttiva IM B35

Assembly IM B35

Flangia B5 - Flange B5

Estremit d'albero - End of shaft

Grandezza/Size

IEC

A AA AB AC AD AG AG' AS B BA BB BC C

63
71
80
90
90
100
112
132
132
160
160
180
180

100

28

120

122 112

60

112

30

136

143 122

125

34

158

166 132

140

40

180

140

40

160

48

H HA HD K

L LE LF LL

D DB

F GA M N P LA S Z T

DIN 332

45

80

26

97

35

40

63

124

210

60

94

60

104

189 140

60

112

180

189 140

60

112

45

125

202

215 167

73

131

58

140

23

103

45

90

28

108

34.5

45

71

143

45

100

32

120

37

50

80

163

241

30

120

272

40

140

45

100

38

127

29.5

56

90

10

185

298

50

156

90

38

152

29.5

56

90

10

46

176

39

63

100

10

185

323

50

169

90

208

12

367

60

193

116

90

12.5 115 95 140

16 130 110 160

21.5 165 130 200

50

M8

50

M10

60

11

M4

23

90

14

M5

30

90

19

M6

40

24

M8

24
28

Tipo pressacavo vedi pag. 5

Type cable gland see page 5

S
L
L
M
S
M
M
L
M
L

84

190

52

228

239 179

73

143

58

140

50

184

35

70

112

11

232

12

388

60

200

116

216

60

260

268 204

83

163

68

140

58

198

38

89

132

13

266

12

448

80

239

136

216

60

260

268 204

83

163

68

178

58

236

38

89

132

13

266

12

486

80

258

136

38

254

65

310

322 245

105 194.5 80

210

70

272

48

108

160

18

322

15

596 110

323

160

42

254

65

310

322 245

105 194.5 80

254

70

316

48

108

160

18

322

15

640 110

345

160

42

279

70

350

366 265

105 214.5 80

241

75

308

45.5 121

180

24

363

15

663 110 351.5 160

279

70

350

366 265

105 214.5 80

279

75

346

45.5 121

180

24

363

15

701 110 370.5 160

9.5

9.5

4 3.5

11.5 4 3.5

27 165 130 200

11.5 4 3.5

27 165 130 200

11.5 4 3.5

31 215 180 250 10

14

28

M10

60

31 215 180 250 10

14

38

M12

80

10

41 265 230 300 12

14

M12

80

10

41 265 230 300 12

14

M16

110 12

45 300 250 350 15

18

M16

110 12

45 300 250 350 15

18

48

M16

110 14

51.5 300 250 350 15

18

48

M16

110 14

51.5 300 250 350 15

18

Dati non impegnativi - con riserva di apportare modifiche / These data are not legally binding. The Manufacturer reserves the right to modify its products without notice.

25

New 2011 RSM

motor product
line announced
for production

26

Efficiency comparison SynRM (RSM) & Induction motor)

RSM produces zero

ohmic losses in rotor

Data by ABB
27

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR RSM ROTORS

1- RSMs of the 60s & 70s utilized starting cages (slide 15)
2- RSM rotor designs require maximum pole saliency
3- Saliency ratio determines d & q inductances
4- Using flux guides to improve saliency or inductance ratio
a- Transverse lamination of the rotor iron pole sections
b- Axial laminations of the rotor iron pole sections
c- Optimize number of flux guides
d- Shaping of flux guides

28

Study of saliency optimization applied

to two pole RSM configurations.
Similar considerations are relative to
Multi-pole RSM rotor configurations also.

29

30

Final comments:
RSM machines could be an alternative for PM machines
Successful designs depend upon maximizing of Ld/Lq
Low investment to convert from AC induction motors
Utilizes standard AC inverter technologies
Could be improved significantly with the use of negative
permeability materials as magnetic flux barriers. (JRH 2011)
(No practical neg. perm. materials exist today but research in under way)

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